CN110495340B - Construction method of windbreak forest - Google Patents

Construction method of windbreak forest Download PDF

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CN110495340B
CN110495340B CN201910907964.7A CN201910907964A CN110495340B CN 110495340 B CN110495340 B CN 110495340B CN 201910907964 A CN201910907964 A CN 201910907964A CN 110495340 B CN110495340 B CN 110495340B
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mulberry
sorghum
planting
alfalfa
rows
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CN110495340A (en
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张波
吕长亮
曾凡江
桂东伟
吕国印
李磊
黄彩变
王保得
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a construction method of a windbreak forest, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting and comprises the following steps: planting sorghum, mulberry and sorghum in sequence on the outermost periphery of the desert, wherein the planting rows of the mulberry are 2 rows, and alfalfa is planted among the 2 rows of the mulberry. In the invention, the characteristics of barren resistance and rapid growth of sorghum are used as barriers to protect mulberry seedlings, and nitrogen provided by the biological nitrogen fixation effect of alfalfa can promote the growth of sorghum and mulberry, promote the yield increase of sorghum and mulberry and reduce the influence of nitrogen deficiency of soil on plants. Meanwhile, the growth of the sorghum and the fruit mulberry absorbs a large amount of nitrogen in the soil, so that the nitrogen content in the soil is reduced, and the alfalfa can be effectively stimulated to improve the biological nitrogen fixation effect. The three can form a good combination which is mutually promoted, and respectively leads the three to reach the optimal growth state. The wind and sand prevention and fixation are realized, and meanwhile, the economic value is created for the local area.

Description

Construction method of windbreak forest
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a construction method of a windbreak forest.
Background
China is one of the most seriously harmed countries by desertification. According to the national desertification monitoring result of the 4 th time of the State forestry administration, the method comprises the following steps: the area of nationwide desertified land is 2.62 multiplied by 106km2And accounts for 27.33 percent of the territorial area of China. At present, there is still a certain area of potential desertified land, also nearly 3.10 × 105km2Land desertification with a significant tendency to desertification is still likely to re-expand against the global warming climate.
The Takrama desert in the northwest of China is the second most mobile desert in the world, and the south edge of the Takrama desert is one of the most serious desertification areas in China, and belongs to the fragile zone of the ecological environment of a basin in a typical arid region. The city of zelerian county at the south edge of tachima was forced to move three times due to the harm of wind and sand. The climate in the region is extremely arid, and belongs to the typical inland warm-temperate zone desert climate, and the annual average temperature is 11.9 ℃; the extreme highest temperature is 41.9 ℃, and the extreme lowest temperature is-23.9 ℃; water resource shortage, annual average precipitation amount of 35.1mm and annual potential evaporation amount of 2595.3 mm; the water resource is mainly supplied to snow melting rivers in Kunlun mountainous areas.
The region is full of northwest wind all year round, the windy weather is 3-9 days, the wind and sand disasters are frequent, the annual average sand storm is 20 days, and the sand and floating dust are 240 days; the ecological system is fragile, the area of desert and gobi reaches 95 percent, the natural vegetation is mainly perennial desert plants, and the coverage is less than 15 percent. Soil is barren in nutrient, deficient in nitrogen, less in phosphorus and rich in potassium. The existing protection forest is mainly an ecological type windproof forest, main tree species mainly comprise common trees and shrubs, the economic value is relatively low, and the later maintenance cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for constructing a windbreak forest, which can achieve the effects of wind prevention and sand fixation, can improve soil and has certain economic benefit.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a construction method of a windbreak forest, which comprises the following steps: planting sorghum, mulberry and sorghum in sequence on the outermost periphery of the desert, wherein the planting rows of the mulberry are 2 rows, and alfalfa is planted among the 2 rows of the mulberry.
Preferably, the plant spacing of the sorghum is 8-15 cm, and the row spacing of the sorghum is 15-25 cm.
Preferably, the planting rows of the sorghum on the two sides of the fruit mulberry are independent and are 4-8 rows.
Preferably, the distance between the sorghum and the fruit mulberry is 10-15 cm.
Preferably, the plant spacing of the fruit mulberries is 0.8-1.1 m, and the row spacing of the fruit mulberries is 1-2 m.
Preferably, the planting amount of the alfalfa is 0.8-1.2 kg/mu.
Preferably, the planting time of the sorghum is 2 months and 20 days to 2 months and 28 days in the current year.
Preferably, the planting time of the fruit mulberry is 3 months and 5 days to 3 months and 20 days in the year.
Preferably, the planting time of the alfalfa is 3 months, 20 days to 4 months and 10 days in the year.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and (3) laying drip irrigation belts on the planting land for planting sorghum, fruit mulberry and alfalfa, wherein the interval distance between every two drip irrigation belts is 15-30 cm.
The invention provides a construction method of a windbreak forest, which comprises the following steps: planting sorghum, mulberry and sorghum in sequence on the outermost periphery of the desert, wherein the planting rows of the mulberry are 2 rows, and alfalfa is planted among the 2 rows of the mulberry. In the invention, the characteristics of barren resistance and rapid growth of sorghum are used as barriers to protect mulberry seedlings, and nitrogen provided by the biological nitrogen fixation effect of alfalfa can promote the growth of sorghum and mulberry, promote the yield increase of sorghum and mulberry and reduce the influence of nitrogen deficiency of soil on plants. Meanwhile, the growth of the sorghum and the fruit mulberry absorbs a large amount of nitrogen in the soil, so that the nitrogen content in the soil is reduced, and the alfalfa can be effectively stimulated to improve the biological nitrogen fixation effect. The three can form a good combination which is mutually promoted, and respectively leads the three to reach the optimal growth state. The wind and sand prevention and fixation are realized, and meanwhile, the economic value is created for the local area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention, wherein a is a floating dune, 1 is sorghum, 2 is fruit mulberry, 3 is alfalfa, and 4 is a drip tape.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a construction method of a windbreak forest, which comprises the following steps: planting sorghum, mulberry and sorghum in sequence on the outermost periphery of the desert, wherein the planting rows of the mulberry are 2 rows, and alfalfa is planted among the 2 rows of the mulberry.
The variety and the source of the sorghum are not specially limited, and the conventional method is adopted. The sorghum is planted when the temperature is preferably changed from 2 months to 20 days to 2 months to 28 days in the year and is stabilized at 10-12 ℃. In the invention, the sowing depth of the sorghum is preferably 2-3.5 cm, more preferably 2.5-3 cm, and the covering soil is preferably 2 cm. In the invention, the plant spacing of the sorghum is preferably 8-15 cm, and more preferably 10 cm; the line spacing of the sorghum is preferably 15-25 cm, and more preferably 18-20 cm. In the invention, the independent planting rows of the sorghum on two sides of the fruit mulberry are preferably 4-8 rows, and more preferably 6 rows. In the invention, the smaller planting density of the sorghum and the sorghum stalks and leaves for the rapid growth of the sorghum can effectively protect the mulberry saplings from wind and sand damage, and meanwhile, the sorghum also has certain economic value.
In the invention, the distance between the sorghum and the fruit mulberry is preferably 10-15 cm, and more preferably 12 cm. The variety of the fruit mulberry is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the specific embodiment of the present invention is Zhongliang No. 1. In the invention, the plant spacing of the fruit mulberry is preferably 0.8-1.1 m, and more preferably 1 m; the row spacing of the mulberry is preferably 1-2 m, and more preferably 1.5 m. The mulberry is preferably planted in 3 months and 5 days to 3 months and 20 days of the current year, the mulberry is not planted after survival, and if the mulberry is killed, reseeding is carried out. In the invention, the fruit mulberry not only has the characteristics of strong adaptability, drought resistance, barren resistance and the like, is used as an important tree species of a windproof and sand-fixing forest, but also can harvest the mulberry and has certain economic value, the mulberry of the fruit mulberry can be sold as a commodity, and the trimmed branches and leaves with high protein content can be used as feed.
The method preferably plants the alfalfa within 3 months and 20 days to 4 months and 10 days of the year, and the planting amount of the alfalfa is preferably 0.8-1.2 kg/mu, and more preferably 1.0-1.1 kg/mu. In the invention, the alfalfa has a biological nitrogen fixation effect and can be used for remarkably fertilizing soil.
In the present invention, the method for constructing the saposhnikovia divaricata forest preferably further comprises: and (3) laying drip irrigation belts on the planting land for planting sorghum, fruit mulberry and alfalfa, wherein the spacing distance between every two drip irrigation belts is 15-30 cm, and the preferable distance is 20 cm. In the present invention, the drip tape is preferably laid along the row of the plant.
The invention preferably performs drip irrigation for 6 hours before planting the plants each time, performs continuous drip irrigation for 10 hours after planting, and performs drip irrigation for 1 time every week. And in hot days of 7-8 months, the drip irrigation frequency and time are increased according to the soil moisture, so that the normal growth of the plants is ensured. The organic fertilizer or the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably used before the mulberry is planted, the type and the using amount of the organic fertilizer or the nitrogen fertilizer are not particularly limited, and the organic fertilizer or the nitrogen fertilizer can be obtained by adopting a conventional method.
The method is not particularly limited, and the method can be realized by adopting mechanical leveling.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
a. Selecting a sand land with relatively flat topography at the front edge of wind sand of Hetian county Yuyecun at the south edge of the Takara Ma desert, leveling the ground as far as possible by using machinery, facilitating the use of drip irrigation, and then laying drip irrigation tapes with the interval of 15 cm.
b. And when the temperature is changed to warm and is stabilized at 10-12 ℃ in 20-28 days of 2 months every year, planting sorghum in the drip irrigation tape paved at the outermost periphery of the desert. Drip irrigation for 6h, the sowing depth is 2cm, and the soil is covered for 2 cm. The plant spacing is 8cm, the row spacing is 15cm, and 4 rows of sorghum are continuously sown. After planting, continuous drip irrigation is carried out for 10 hours, and drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time every week. And the drip irrigation times and time are increased according to the soil moisture in hot days of 7-8 months.
c. After the temperature is further increased, selecting and planting good No. 1 (strong stress resistance) mulberry seedlings at the position, far away from the desert, close to the sorghum within 3 months and 5 days to 3 months and 20 days. Applying 0.3-1 ton of organic fertilizer per mu before planting mulberry to increase the yield of mulberry. The distance between the mulberry seedlings and the sorghum is 10cm, the plant spacing between the mulberry seedlings is 0.8m, and the row spacing is 1 m.
d. Alfalfa was planted between two lines of mulberry in 3 months 20 days to 4 months 10 days. The alfalfa is planted in a drilling mode, and the seed consumption per mu is 0.8 kg. And forming the outermost sorghum, planting mulberry, and planting alfalfa among 2 rows of mulberry.
Under the planting mode, the survival rate of the fruit mulberry reaches 85-95%, and the preservation rate of the fruit mulberry seedlings reaches 80-90%. 1000kg of mulberries, 300kg of sorghum seeds and 800kg of fresh alfalfa can be harvested per mu, and the pure economic benefit is 1000 yuan per mu.
Example 2
a. Selecting a sand land with relatively flat topography at the front edge of wind sand of Hetian county Yuyecun at the south edge of the Takara Ma desert, leveling the ground as far as possible by using machinery, facilitating the use of drip irrigation, and then laying drip irrigation tapes with the interval of 20 cm.
b. And when the temperature is changed to warm and is stabilized at 10-12 ℃ in 20-28 days of 2 months every year, planting sorghum in the drip irrigation tape paved at the outermost periphery of the desert. Drip irrigation for 6h, the sowing depth is 3cm, and the soil is covered for 2 cm. The plant spacing is 12cm, the row spacing is 20cm, and 6 rows of sorghum are continuously sown. After planting, continuous drip irrigation is carried out for 10 hours, and drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time every week. And the drip irrigation times and time are increased according to the soil moisture in hot days of 7-8 months.
c. After the temperature is further increased, selecting and planting good No. 1 (strong stress resistance) mulberry seedlings at the position, far away from the desert, close to the sorghum within 3 months and 5 days to 3 months and 20 days. The distance between the mulberry seedlings and sorghum is 15cm, the plant spacing between the mulberry seedlings is 1.0m, and the row spacing is 1.5 m.
d. Alfalfa was planted between two lines of mulberry in 3 months 20 days to 4 months 10 days. The alfalfa is planted in a drilling mode, and the seed consumption per mu is 1.0 kg. And forming the outermost sorghum, planting mulberry, and planting alfalfa among 2 rows of mulberry.
Under the planting mode, the survival rate of the fruit mulberry reaches 85-95%, and the preservation rate of the fruit mulberry seedlings reaches 80-90%. 900kg of mulberries, 400kg of sorghum seeds and 950kg of fresh alfalfa can be harvested per mu, and the pure economic benefit of 1100 yuan per mu is realized.
Example 3
a. Selecting a sand land with relatively flat topography at the front edge of the wind sand of the Hetian county harmonious new village at the south edge of the Takarama desert, leveling the ground as far as possible by using machinery, facilitating the use of drip irrigation, and then laying drip irrigation tapes with the interval of 30 cm.
b. At the end of 2 months per year, when the air temperature is changed to warm and the temperature is stabilized at 10-12 ℃, planting sorghum on the drip irrigation tape laid next to the outermost periphery of the desert. Firstly carrying out drip irrigation for 6h, wherein the sowing depth is 3.5cm, the covering soil is 2cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, the row spacing is 25cm, and 8 rows of sorghum are continuously sown. After planting, continuous drip irrigation is carried out for 10 hours, and drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time every week. And the drip irrigation times and time are increased according to the soil moisture in hot days of 7-8 months.
c. And after the temperature is further increased, selecting and planting good No. 1 (strong stress resistance) mulberry seedlings at the position, far away from the desert, close to the sorghum in the middle and upper ten days of 3 months. The distance between the mulberry seedlings and the sorghum is 15Cm, the plant spacing between the mulberry seedlings is 1.1m, and the row spacing is 2.0 m.
d. Planting alfalfa between two lines of mulberry in the last 3 to 4 months. The alfalfa is planted in a drilling mode, and the seed consumption per mu is 1.2 kg. And forming the outermost sorghum, planting mulberry, and planting alfalfa among 2 rows of mulberry.
Under the planting mode, the survival rate of the fruit mulberry reaches 85-95%, and the preservation rate of the fruit mulberry seedlings reaches 80-90%. 600kg of mulberries, 470kg of sorghum seeds and 950kg of fresh alfalfa can be harvested per mu, and the pure economic benefit of 1100 yuan per mu is realized.
According to the embodiment, the construction method of the wind-prevention forest provided by the invention not only realizes the wind-prevention and sand-fixation effects, but also creates economic value.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method of constructing a windbreak, comprising: planting sorghum, mulberry, alfalfa, mulberry and sorghum in sequence on the outermost periphery of the desert, wherein the number of planting rows of the mulberry is 2, and the alfalfa is planted among the 2 rows of the mulberry;
the row spacing of the fruit mulberries is 0.8-1.1 m, and the row spacing of the fruit mulberries is 1-2 m;
the plant spacing of the sorghum is 8-15 cm, and the row spacing of the sorghum is 15-25 cm;
the planting rows of the sorghum on the two sides of the mulberry are independent and are 4-8 rows;
the distance between the sorghum and the fruit mulberry is 10-15 cm;
the planting amount of the alfalfa is 0.8-1.2 kg/mu.
2. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the sorghum is planted for a period of time ranging from 2 months 20 days to 2 months 28 days in the year.
3. The constructing method according to claim 1, wherein the mulberry is planted for 3 months and 5 days to 3 months and 20 days in the year.
4. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the alfalfa is planted for 3-20-4-10 days in the year.
5. The building method according to claim 1, further comprising: and (3) laying drip irrigation belts on the planting land for planting sorghum, fruit mulberry and alfalfa, wherein the interval distance between every two drip irrigation belts is 15-30 cm.
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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108718851A (en) * 2018-04-19 2018-11-02 新疆农垦科学院 A kind of implantation methods of northwest Desert Regions shelter-forest

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108718851A (en) * 2018-04-19 2018-11-02 新疆农垦科学院 A kind of implantation methods of northwest Desert Regions shelter-forest

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Title
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榆阳区生态经济型退耕还林成功造林模式;柴永峰等;《陕西林业科技》;20090615(第03期);第59-62，65页 *
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