CN110447525B - Soilless green seedling raising method for liquorice - Google Patents
Soilless green seedling raising method for liquorice Download PDFInfo
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soilless green seedling raising method of liquorice, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of preparing a seedbed, germinating seeds, sowing and raising seedlings, managing seedling stages, digging seedlings and transplanting, wherein codonopsis pilosula waste particles are introduced into mixed matrix poured into the seedbed, the preparation method of the codonopsis pilosula waste particles comprises the steps of harvesting codonopsis pilosula seedlings, collecting abandoned codonopsis pilosula seedling leaves and stems, continuously drying at about 60 ℃, and directly smashing and screening after drying to leave particles about 2 mm. The method improves the germination rate of the liquorice seeds, reduces the morbidity, obviously improves the planting rate of the seedlings, is suitable for the growth of the liquorice seedlings, increases the growth period and the survival rate after transplantation, has the yield of about 1700 kilograms of fresh roots per mu when the obtained liquorice seedlings are harvested in a transplanted field for about 2 years, is obviously higher than the yield per mu level of the traditional liquorice seedlings, greatly improves the production efficiency, reduces the cost, and provides powerful support for the large-scale development of the liquorice industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural economic crop breeding, in particular to a soilless green seedling raising method for liquorice.
Background
Glycyrrhiza belongs to perennial herbaceous leguminous plants, and wild liquorice is the second kind of endangered protected species in China. The liquorice is used as a medicine by root or rhizome, is a tonifying Chinese herbal medicine and has various efficacies of clearing away heat and toxic material, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough and the like. The liquorice has strong tolerance and adaptability to the environment and is mainly distributed in Xinjiang, inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Shanxi and other places in China; the artificial planting of licorice is mainly produced in the Hexi corridor, the periphery of Longxi, and Ningxia in Xinjiang, inner Mongolia and Gansu.
Wild liquorice resources are reduced year by year due to random mining and random excavation, but along with social development, the demand of liquorice in the market is continuously increased, and the artificial planting of liquorice is greatly emphasized. At present, the artificial planting of liquorice mostly adopts a direct seeding mode, the method easily causes low plant number, the plant rate of the current best film-covering hole seeding method is only 85 percent, and other seeding methods are even only about 45 percent. Soil is used as the liquorice seedling raising matrix, the occupancy rate of the soil is high, the pollution of pesticides and heavy metals in the soil to the soil also seriously influences the yield and the quality of liquorice seedlings, in addition, the morbidity of the traditional soil seedling raising method is high, the soil-borne epidemic diseases of liquorice mainly comprise liquorice rust disease, liquorice root rot disease and the like, the morbidity is generally higher than 30 percent, even reaches more than 68 percent, and the stability of large-scale production cannot be guaranteed.
The soil-borne epidemic disease can be effectively solved by soilless culture of seedlings and transplanting planting, so that the adoption of a soilless seedling culture technology is a necessary way for solving the problems. However, in practice, it is found that the strong licorice seedlings cannot be obtained by simply applying the conventional soilless seedling raising method, because the nutrients required for the growth of the soilless seedling raising seedlings are all from the nutrient solution, but the research and development of the nutrient solution for the genuine Chinese herbal medicines are not perfect, the nutrients required by various Chinese herbal medicines are different, some key elements cannot be provided by the conventional nutrient solution, but the seedlings of the Chinese herbal medicines without the key elements are not good in growth, and the core point is that what substances or combination of what types of substances the key elements are, and at present, many research results are not available, so that the strong licorice seedlings cannot be successfully obtained by simply using the soilless seedling raising technology, and the problems need to be solved by adopting a novel soilless seedling raising technology in an all-round matching manner.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the growth habit of the liquorice, the optimal effects of improving the yield and increasing the survival rate are achieved through various comprehensive measures such as seed pretreatment, matrix selection, light supplement and humidity control, seedling training and the like. In particular, the overground partial wastes of the preceding-stubble codonopsis pilosula seedlings, mainly including leaves and stems, are added into the matrix, so that the utilization rate of resources is greatly improved, the matrix cost is reduced, and the quality of the seedlings is further improved. The soilless green seedling raising method for the liquorice is used for promoting large-scale efficient green production of liquorice seedlings and provides a technical basis for the artificial planting industry of the liquorice.
The soilless green seedling raising method for the liquorice comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a seedbed: building a seedling bed with the depth of 50-65cm by using vertical wood boards with the thickness of 0.3-1cm in a greenhouse, paving non-woven fabrics below the seedling bed, punching round holes with the radius of 1-2 cm at intervals of 10 cm, uniformly distributing, filling a mixed matrix into the seedling bed, wherein the mixed matrix is formed by mixing vermiculite with the diameter of 1-4 mm, desulfurized coal cinder with the diameter of 2-4 mm and dangshen waste particles with the diameter of 2mm, and the volume ratio of the mixed matrix to the dangshen waste particles is vermiculite: removing sulfur and coal slag: the ratio of the codonopsis pilosula waste particles to the codonopsis pilosula waste particles is 5:1:4 or 5:2:3 or 5:2.5: 2.5;
(2) seed germination treatment: rubbing the liquorice seeds with coarse sand paper for 3-15 minutes, adding 5-40 mmol/L5-aminoacetic propionic acid, soaking for 1-3 hours, taking out, placing at 22-25 ℃, covering with wet gauze, keeping the gauze wet, and quickly sowing after the seeds crack;
(3) sowing and seedling raising: firstly, irrigating the substrate on the surface layer of the seedling bed with nutrient solution to control the humidity of the substrate to be 50%, and then uniformly scattering the treated seeds on the seedling bed; covering with non-woven fabrics after sowing; the humidity of the substrate is detected by a humidity sensor, and the humidity of the substrate is controlled to be 45-70% by sprinkling irrigation.
(4) Seedling stage management: removing the non-woven fabric on the upper layer of the matrix after the licorice seedlings grow to 2-3cm, supplying the nutrient solution again, and sprinkling the nutrient solution for 3-6 times per month; detecting the humidity of the matrix by using a humidity sensor, and controlling the humidity of the matrix to be 40-70% by sprinkling irrigation; if the growth period is rainy, the light supplement lamp is turned on, the illumination intensity is 4000-;
(5) digging and transplanting seedlings: after the growth of the liquorice seedlings is finished, the liquorice seedlings are moved out of the seedling bed, and the roots of the liquorice seedlings are soaked in 0.5-5mmol/L salicylic acid for 8-24 hours and then transplanted.
Further, the preparation method of the codonopsis pilosula waste particles comprises the following steps: after harvesting the codonopsis pilosula seedlings, collecting the abandoned codonopsis pilosula seedling leaves and stems, continuously drying at 60 ℃, directly smashing and screening after drying, and reserving 2mm of particles for later use.
Further, the preparation method of the nutrient solution in the steps 3) and 4) is as follows: 0.5-0.8 g of potassium nitrate, 0.0003-0.002 g of boric acid powder, 0.5-0.8 g of calcium nitrate, 0.0004-0.002 g of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.9 g of calcium superphosphate, 0.0002-0.001 g of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.0003-0.001 g of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.3 g of ferrous sulfate and 0.0007-0.001 g of ammonium molybdate are added into 1 liter of water, and the pH is adjusted to be 5.6-6.4.
Further, the concentration of the salicylic acid in the step 5) is 0.8-1.2 mmol/L.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the germination rate of the liquorice seeds is improved, and the death rate of seedlings is reduced: the mixed matrix poured into the seedling bed of the invention introduces the codonopsis pilosula waste particles for the first time, which provides necessary substances for the growth of liquorice seedlings, and the technical scheme irrigates the matrix on the surface layer of the seedling bed with the aqueous solution containing the nutrient solution in advance, which can effectively solve the problem of dead seedlings caused by untimely application of the nutrient solution due to premature seedling emergence of part of seeds, and the scientific concentration of the nutrient solution can prevent dead seedlings caused by overhigh concentration of the nutrient solution when the seeds germinate, thereby effectively reducing the dead seedling rate.
2. Is suitable for the growth of liquorice seedlings, increases the growth period and the survival rate after transplantation: the licorice seedling raising method provided by the invention aims at the growth habit of licorice, and achieves the best effects of improving growth and yield, and increasing growth period and survival rate after transplantation by various comprehensive measures such as seed pretreatment, substrate selection, light supplement and humidity control, salicylic acid seedling training and the like. The culture medium is vermiculite and desulfurized coal cinder, so that the culture medium not only has the characteristics of good moisture retention and heat preservation, but also has the advantages of water and air permeability, no pathogen, soft texture, easy harvesting and capability of greatly reducing the damage of mechanical force to roots when seedlings are removed. Meanwhile, the overground part of codonopsis pilosula seedlings, mainly comprising wastes of codonopsis pilosula leaves, stems and the like, is introduced into a matrix, and the principle is that the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are harvested from underground roots, but the overground part of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings has multiple active ingredients, taking the codonopsis pilosula leaves as an example, the codonopsis pilosula leaves are rich in amino acid types and contents, and contain multiple effective active ingredients such as polysaccharides, saponins, flavones and the like The substrate cost is reduced, and the addition of the above-mentioned aboveground wastes can obviously raise growth, quality and disease resistance of licorice seedling. In addition, considering that the transplanted seedlings are easy to suffer from drought and low-temperature stress in areas such as Xinjiang, inner Mongolia, Gansu and the like in which the liquorice is artificially planted, the exercise effect of the seedlings is improved by soaking the seedlings with salicylic acid with proper concentration, and the survival rate of the seedlings and the survival rate after transplantation are further improved.
3. The yield is high: according to the traditional licorice seedling raising method, the obtained licorice seedlings grow for about 2 years and are harvested, 1.5 kilograms of fresh roots per square meter are taken as the standard, the yield per mu is about 1000 kilograms of fresh roots, the licorice soilless seedling raising is carried out by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the yield of the robust licorice seedlings is obviously higher than that of other conventional licorice seedling raising methods, the yield per mu is about 1700 kilograms of fresh roots when the obtained licorice seedlings are transplanted to a field and grow for about 2 years, the yield per mu is obviously higher than that of the conventional fresh roots per mu, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the cost is reduced, and a powerful support is provided for the large-scale development of the licorice industry.
4. No pesticide is used in the whole seedling raising process, and the requirements of environmental protection and safety are met.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1: mixed matrix control test
In 3 rd of 2017, a land was selected as a seedling raising test base in Biyan Zheng village Tianjiahe river society in Longxi county, Mingxi, Gansu province.
1) Preparing a mixed matrix: respectively collecting the above-ground wastes of codonopsis pilosula seedlings, astragalus seedlings, liquorice seedlings and potatoes, mainly stems and leaves of the four plants, continuously drying at about 60 ℃, directly crushing and screening after drying, and reserving particles about 2mm for later use; then adding vermiculite: removing sulfur and coal slag: preparing mixed matrixes from waste particles according to the volume ratio of 5:2.5:2.5 respectively;
2) preparing a nutrient solution: adding 0.5-0.8 g of potassium nitrate, 0.0003-0.002 g of boric acid powder, 0.5-0.8 g of calcium nitrate, 0.0004-0.002 g of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.9 g of calcium superphosphate, 0.0002-0.001 g of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.0003-0.001 g of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.3 g of ferrous sulfate and 0.0007-0.001 g of ammonium molybdate into 1 liter of water, and adjusting the pH value to be 5.6-6.4;
3) manufacturing a seedbed: building a 50 cm-deep seedling bed in a greenhouse by using a vertical wood plate with the thickness of 0.3-1cm, paving polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabrics below the seedling bed, punching round holes with the radius of 1-2 cm at intervals of 10 cm, uniformly distributing, evenly dividing the seedling bed into 12 areas by using the wood plate, and filling 3 areas with each mixed matrix, wherein the filling depth is 50 cm; the non-woven fabric and the plastic fabric are different in air permeability, the non-woven fabric and the plastic fabric are better in air permeability, the planting density of the liquorice seedlings is high, the roots and the leaves are longer, and the demand for oxygen under respiration is high, so the non-woven fabric is used;
4) seed germination treatment: rubbing the liquorice seeds for 3-15 minutes by using coarse sand paper, adding 20 mmol/L5-aminoacetic propionic acid, soaking for 2 hours, taking out, placing at 25 ℃, covering with wet gauze, keeping the gauze wet, and finding that the seeds crack and rapidly sow;
5) sowing and seedling raising: firstly, irrigating the substrate on the surface layer of the seedling bed with nutrient solution to control the substrate humidity to be about 50%, and then uniformly scattering the treated seeds on the seedling bed; covering with non-woven fabrics after sowing; detecting the humidity of the matrix by using a humidity sensor, and ensuring that the humidity of the matrix is controlled at 55% by sprinkling irrigation;
6) seedling stage management: removing the non-woven fabric on the upper layer of the matrix after the licorice seedlings grow to 2-3cm, supplying the nutrient solution again, and sprinkling the nutrient solution for 4 times per month; detecting the humidity of the matrix by using a humidity sensor, and ensuring that the humidity of the matrix is controlled at 55% by sprinkling irrigation; if the growth period is rainy, a light supplement lamp (the illumination intensity is 5500lux) is turned on, and the light cycle is 13 hours per day;
7) the experimental results are as follows: the growth period of licorice seedlings is 5-6 months, the morbidity of different mixed matrixes is counted in the growth period of the seedlings, after the growth of the seedlings is completed, the seedlings are dug out from a seedbed, the average seedling length and the average transverse diameter of the licorice seedlings of each test group are measured, the survival rate is counted, and the experimental result is as follows:
TABLE 1 influence of mixed base prepared from different plant waste particles on soilless seedling of rhubarb
| Incidence of disease | Plant rate | Average seedling length (cm) | Average transverse diameter (mm) | |
| Codonopsis pilosula waste | 0.83％ | 95％ | 34 | 4.5 |
| Astragalus waste | 2.29％ | 90％ | 32 | 3.9 |
| Licorice waste | 3.45％ | 88％ | 33 | 4.1 |
| Waste of potato | 2.13％ | 89％ | 30 | 3.6 |
The experimental results in table 1 show that the liquorice waste is used as the mixed matrix to adversely affect the nutrition of the soilless liquorice seedling, the codonopsis pilosula waste has the best effect, the morbidity is only 0.83%, the planting rate is as high as 95%, the average seedling length reaches 34cm, the average transverse diameter reaches 4.5mm, and the robustness of the liquorice seedlings in the codonopsis pilosula waste test group is obviously higher than that of other groups. Therefore, the codonopsis pilosula waste is selected as a mixed matrix for soilless seedling raising of the liquorice, and the prepared codonopsis pilosula waste particles can be placed in a cool and dry place for half a year.
Example 2
In 2018, in 3 middle of the month, a flat land was selected as a seedling raising test base from Tianjiahe river of Biyan Zheng village, Longxi county, Mingxi province.
1) Manufacturing a seedbed: a seedbed with the depth of 60cm is built by upright wood boards with the thickness of 0.5cm in a greenhouse in a surrounding manner, polypropylene fiber spun-bonded non-woven fabrics are laid below the seedbed, round holes with the radius of 1cm are punched at intervals of 10 cm and are uniformly distributed, vermiculite with the diameter of 2mm, desulfurized coal cinder with the diameter of 4 mm and a mixture matrix of codonopsis pilosula waste particles are filled in the nursery pond, the volume ratio is 5:1:4, and the filling depth is 60 cm.
2) Preparing a nutrient solution: 0.5-0.8 g of potassium nitrate, 0.0003-0.002 g of boric acid powder, 0.5-0.8 g of calcium nitrate, 0.0004-0.002 g of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.9 g of calcium superphosphate, 0.0002-0.001 g of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.0003-0.001 g of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.3 g of ferrous sulfate and 0.0007-0.001 g of ammonium molybdate are added into 1 liter of water, and the pH is adjusted to be 5.6-6.4.
3) Seed germination treatment: rubbing the liquorice seeds for 10 minutes by using coarse sand paper, adding 20 mmol/L5-aminoacetic propionic acid, soaking for 2 hours, taking out, placing at 23 ℃, covering with wet gauze, keeping the gauze wet, and finding that the seeds crack and rapidly sow.
4) Sowing and seedling raising: firstly, the nutrient solution is irrigated in advance to the surface matrix of the seedling bed, and then the treated seeds are uniformly sown on the seedling bed. And covering with non-woven fabric after spreading. Utilize humidity transducer to detect matrix humidity, guarantee matrix humidity control at 55% through the sprinkling irrigation.
5) Seedling stage management: after 5-6 months, after the seedlings grow to 2-3cm, removing the non-woven fabric on the upper layer of the matrix, supplying the nutrient solution again, and sprinkling the nutrient solution 4 times per month. Utilize humidity transducer to detect matrix humidity, guarantee matrix humidity control at 55% through the sprinkling irrigation. During the growth period, if a rainy day is encountered, a light supplement lamp (the illumination intensity is 5500lux) is turned on, and the light cycle is 13 hours per day.
6) Digging and transplanting seedlings: and after 5-6 months, removing the seedlings from the seedbed after the seedlings grow. The seedlings are soaked in 1mmol/L salicylic acid for 8 hours and then transplanted.
7) And (3) transplanting and planting results: after the liquorice root is transplanted to a field and grows for 2 years, the average single plant of the harvested fresh liquorice roots is 170g, and the yield of the obtained liquorice decoction pieces is 13132Kg/hm2。
Example 3
In 2018, in 3 middle of the month, a flat land was selected as a seedling raising test base from Tianjiahe river of Biyan Zheng village, Longxi county, Mingxi province.
1) Manufacturing a seedbed: a seedbed with the depth of 50cm is built by upright wood boards with the thickness of 0.8cm in a greenhouse, polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabrics are laid below the seedbed, round holes with the radius of 1cm are punched at intervals of 10 cm and are uniformly distributed, vermiculite with the diameter of 2mm, desulfurized coal cinder with the diameter of 4 mm and a mixture matrix of preceding-stubble codonopsis pilosula waste particles are filled in a nursery pond, the volume ratio is 5:2:3, and the filling depth is 50 cm.
2) Preparing a nutrient solution: 0.5-0.8 g of potassium nitrate, 0.0003-0.002 g of boric acid powder, 0.5-0.8 g of calcium nitrate, 0.0004-0.002 g of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.9 g of calcium superphosphate, 0.0002-0.001 g of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.0003-0.001 g of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.3 g of ferrous sulfate and 0.0007-0.001 g of ammonium molybdate are added into 1 liter of water, and the pH is adjusted to be 5.6-6.4.
3) Seed germination treatment: rubbing the liquorice seeds for 5 minutes by using coarse sand paper, adding 15 mmol/L5-aminoacetic propionic acid, soaking for 2.5 hours, taking out, placing at 25 ℃, covering with wet gauze, keeping the gauze wet, and finding that the seeds crack and rapidly sow.
4) Sowing and seedling raising: and irrigating the surface matrix of the seedling bed with the nutrient solution in advance, and uniformly scattering the treated seeds on the seedling bed. And covering with non-woven fabric after spreading. The humidity of the matrix is detected by using a humidity sensor, and the humidity of the matrix is controlled to be 65% by sprinkling irrigation.
5) Seedling stage management: after the seedlings grow to 2-3cm, removing the non-woven fabric on the upper layer of the matrix, supplying the nutrient solution again, and sprinkling the nutrient solution 5 times per month. The humidity of the matrix is detected by using a humidity sensor, and the humidity of the matrix is controlled to be 65% by sprinkling irrigation. If the growth period is rainy, the light supplement lamp (the illumination intensity is 6000lux) is turned on, and the light cycle is 12 hours per day.
6) Digging and transplanting seedlings: and after the seedlings are grown, removing the seedlings from the seedbed. The seedlings are soaked in 0.8mmol/L salicylic acid for 12 hours and then transplanted.
7) And (3) transplanting and planting results: after the liquorice pieces are transplanted to a field and grow for 2 years, the average single plant of the harvested fresh liquorice roots is 152g, and the yield of the obtained liquorice pieces is 11235Kg/hm2。
Example 3:
in 2018, in 3 middle of the month, a flat land was selected as a seedling raising test base from Tianjiahe river of Biyan Zheng village, Longxi county, Mingxi province.
1) Manufacturing a seedbed: a seedbed with the depth of 55cm is built by upright wood boards with the thickness of 0.3cm in a greenhouse, polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabrics are laid below the seedbed, round holes with the radius of 1cm are punched at intervals of 10 cm and are uniformly distributed, vermiculite with the diameter of 2mm, desulfurized coal cinder with the diameter of 4 mm and a mixture matrix of preceding-stubble codonopsis pilosula waste particles are filled in the nursery pond, the volume ratio is 5:2.5:2.5, and the filling depth is 55 cm.
2) Preparing a nutrient solution: 0.5-0.8 g of potassium nitrate, 0.0003-0.002 g of boric acid powder, 0.5-0.8 g of calcium nitrate, 0.0004-0.002 g of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.9 g of calcium superphosphate, 0.0002-0.001 g of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.0003-0.001 g of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.3 g of ferrous sulfate and 0.0007-0.001 g of ammonium molybdate are added into 1 liter of water, and the pH is adjusted to be 5.6-6.4.
3) Seed germination treatment: rubbing the liquorice seeds with coarse sand paper for 8 minutes, adding 35 mmol/L5-aminoacetic propionic acid, soaking for 1.5 hours, taking out, placing at 24 ℃, covering with wet gauze, keeping the gauze wet, and finding that the seeds crack and rapidly sow.
4) Sowing and seedling raising: and irrigating the surface matrix of the seedling bed with the nutrient solution in advance, and uniformly scattering the treated seeds on the seedling bed. And covering with non-woven fabric after spreading. The humidity of the matrix is detected by using a humidity sensor, and the humidity of the matrix is controlled at 50% by sprinkling irrigation.
5) Seedling stage management: after the seedlings grow to 2-3cm, removing the non-woven fabric on the upper layer of the matrix, supplying the nutrient solution again, and sprinkling the nutrient solution for 6 times per month. The humidity of the matrix is detected by using a humidity sensor, and the humidity of the matrix is controlled at 50% by sprinkling irrigation. During the growth period, if the plants are in overcast and rainy days, the light supplement lamp (the illumination intensity is 4500lux) is turned on, and the light cycle is 16 hours per day.
6) Digging and transplanting seedlings: and after 5-6 months, removing the seedlings from the seedbed after the seedlings grow. The seedlings are soaked in 1.2mmol/L salicylic acid for 12 hours and then transplanted.
7) And (3) transplanting and planting results: after the liquorice root is transplanted to a field and grows for 2 years, the average single plant of the harvested fresh liquorice roots is 162g, and the yield of the obtained liquorice decoction pieces is 12367Kg/hm2。
According to the embodiments 2-4, in the soilless seedling raising of liquorice, factors such as the thickness of a wood board enclosing a seedling bed, the depth of the seedling bed, the components and proportion of a mixture matrix, the concentration of nutrient substances in a matrix in a germination period, the humidity of the matrix in the seedling period, the spraying and irrigating frequency of nutrient solution, the illumination intensity, the concentration and time of salicylic acid subjected to root soaking treatment before transplanting and the like all influence the growth result of the liquorice seedlings after the liquorice seedlings are finally transplanted to a field, wherein the depth of the seedling bed, the components and proportion of the mixture matrix, the concentration of nutrient substances in the matrix in the germination period, the concentration and time of salicylic acid subjected to root soaking treatment before transplanting and the like are important factors influencing the. In the technical scheme of the invention, codonopsis pilosula is preferably selected as a mixed matrix component, robust liquorice seedlings are obtained from test groups, and after two years of planting, the yield of liquorice drink per mu is about 830 kg, which is converted into about 1700 kg of fresh roots per mu, and is obviously higher than the existing 1000 kg of fresh roots per mu, so that the soilless liquorice seedling raising method can greatly promote the production efficiency of artificial liquorice planting.
The soilless green seedling raising method for the liquorice provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein in terms of specific embodiments, the foregoing description being merely included to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A soilless green seedling raising method of liquorice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a seedbed: building a seedling bed with the depth of 50-65cm by using vertical wood boards with the thickness of 0.3-1cm in a greenhouse, paving non-woven fabrics below the seedling bed, punching round holes with the radius of 1-2 cm at intervals of 10 cm, uniformly distributing, filling a mixed matrix into the seedling bed, wherein the mixed matrix is formed by mixing vermiculite with the diameter of 1-4 mm, desulfurized coal cinder with the diameter of 2-4 mm and dangshen waste particles with the diameter of 2mm, and the volume ratio of the mixed matrix to the dangshen waste particles is vermiculite: removing sulfur and coal slag: the ratio of the codonopsis pilosula waste particles to the codonopsis pilosula waste particles is 5:1:4 or 5:2:3 or 5:2.5: 2.5;
(2) seed germination treatment: rubbing the liquorice seeds with coarse sand paper for 3-15 minutes, adding 5-40 mmol/L5-aminoacetic propionic acid, soaking for 1-3 hours, taking out, placing at 22-25 ℃, covering with wet gauze, keeping the gauze wet, and quickly sowing after the seeds crack;
(3) sowing and seedling raising: firstly, irrigating the substrate on the surface layer of the seedling bed with nutrient solution to control the humidity of the substrate to be 50%, and then uniformly scattering the treated seeds on the seedling bed; covering with non-woven fabrics after sowing; detecting the humidity of the matrix by using a humidity sensor, and controlling the humidity of the matrix to be 45-70% by sprinkling irrigation;
(4) seedling stage management: removing the non-woven fabric on the upper layer of the matrix after the licorice seedlings grow to 2-3cm, supplying the nutrient solution again, and sprinkling the nutrient solution for 3-6 times per month; detecting the humidity of the matrix by using a humidity sensor, and controlling the humidity of the matrix to be 40-70% by sprinkling irrigation; if the growth period is rainy, the light supplement lamp is turned on, the illumination intensity is 4000-;
(5) digging and transplanting seedlings: after the growth of the liquorice seedlings is finished, the liquorice seedlings are moved out of the seedling bed, and the roots of the liquorice seedlings are soaked in 0.5-5mmol/L salicylic acid for 8-24 hours and then transplanted.
2. A soilless green seedling raising method for liquorice according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the codonopsis pilosula waste particles in the step 1) is as follows: after harvesting the codonopsis pilosula seedlings, collecting the abandoned codonopsis pilosula seedling leaves and stems, continuously drying at 60 ℃, directly smashing and screening after drying, and reserving 2mm of particles for later use.
3. A soilless green seedling raising method for liquorice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the nutrient solution in steps 3) and 4) is as follows: 0.5-0.8 g of potassium nitrate, 0.0003-0.002 g of boric acid powder, 0.5-0.8 g of calcium nitrate, 0.0004-0.002 g of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.9 g of calcium superphosphate, 0.0002-0.001 g of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.0003-0.001 g of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.3 g of ferrous sulfate and 0.0007-0.001 g of ammonium molybdate are added into 1 liter of water, and the pH is adjusted to be 5.6-6.4.
4. A soilless green seedling raising method for liquorice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of salicylic acid in the step 5) is 0.8-1.2 mmol/L.
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