CN109744056B - Sectional type seedling raising method for culturing full and strong seedlings of paeonia suffruticosa - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a sectional type cultivation method for uniform and strong seedlings of paeonia suffruticosa. The method comprises the steps of seed collection, seed germination acceleration, root system culture, water washing and sorting, seedbed seedling culture, seedling stage management and hardening and transplanting. The method is suitable for the mature seeds harvested in the current year. Soaking the peony seeds in clean water for 22-24 hours before sowing, then culturing the peony seeds in a 10 ℃ artificial climate box for 50-70 days until the seeds grow buds of more than 3cm, transferring the peony seeds into a greenhouse, performing root system culture by using a substrate I, wherein the root system culture needs 20-30 days, after the root system culture, dividing the peony into three different grades by a water washing sorting method, wherein the first grade is developed and has cotyledons, the second grade is developed but has cotyledons, the third grade is developed but has no cotyledons, the root system is underdeveloped, and the sorted peony is classified for later-stage seedling culture, and performing moisture management and fertilizer management according to different grades. The method has the advantages that the germination rate of the peony seeds reaches 98.5%, the peony seeds are cultivated after being washed and graded, 100% of seedlings can be guaranteed for each grade of peony, and the peony seeds with the same grade have the advantages of uniform and strong seedlings and the like.

Description

Sectional type seedling raising method for culturing full and strong seedlings of paeonia suffruticosa

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant seed seedling culture, and particularly relates to a sectional type seedling culture method for culturing uniform and strong seedlings of paeonia suffruticosa.

Background

Yunnan peony (Paeonia delavayi Franch) Is a peony group of Paeonia of Paeoniaceae (Paeonia sect.Moutan DC.) as the only non-endangered species among 9 wild peony species (hong deing, Zhou Shi Liang, He Xing jin, etc.. survival and protection of wild peony. biodiversity, 2017,25(07): 781-; the paeonia suffruticosa is named as wild peony in the Chinese botanical (the Chinese botanical editing committee of the Chinese academy of sciences,journal of Chinese plant 27, Beijing, science publishing Co., 1985), its root can be used as medicine, and its root bark is also called red cortex moutan, and can be used for treating hematemesis, hematuria, bloody dysentery, dysmenorrhea, etc.; the part without root bark is called Yun Bai Shao, which can be used for treating pain in chest, abdomen and hypochondrium, dysentery, abdominal pain, spontaneous perspiration, night sweat, etc. (the Yunan province and health parlor is mainly edited, the Yunan province drug standard (1996 edition), Kunming: Yunnan university Press, 1998: 55-56.); in recent years, the peony seed oil is found to be rich in unsaturated fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid, oleic acid and other components, and is one of healthy edible oils with development prospects (Hongduan, Zhouyeligood, He Xingjin, and the like; the survival condition and protection of wild peony; biodiversity, 2017,25(07): 781-793.); because the paeonia suffruticosa is woody plant and is perennial, the paeonia suffruticosa can enter a high-yield period after being cultivated for 5 years without annual sowing like oil crops such as soybean and the like, and the high-yield period can last for more than thirty-four years (the current production situation and the development path of the paeonia suffruticosa for oil in Hunans. Hu nan. the research on crops, 2015,29(01): 74-76.); the students calculate one account, 7000 tons of peony oil can be produced in one year if 10 ten thousand mu of oil-bearing peony exist, which is equivalent to a medium-scale oil mill, and people in China can eat the peony seed oil if 2000 ten thousand mu of oil-bearing peony exist (the peony seed can not only earn 32 thousand of scientific planting for 1 mu of land, 2012(05): 9-10.); as is known to all, the external dependence of Chinese edible oil is always high, and the situation of being restricted by the international market is broken, and the woody oil plant caulis et folium Paeoniae Yunnanensis is undoubtedly an important breakthrough; the wild paeonia suffruticosa has many advantages of drought resistance, barren resistance, severe cold resistance, high oil content, good oil quality and the like, but in the conventional breeding method, the emergence rate is always considered to be low due to the secondary dormancy phenomenon of part of seeds, and the bred seedlings have low height and are uneven due to the secondary dormancy phenomenon; patent CN201710681730.6 discloses a seed breeding method of Paeonia yunnanensis, which comprises the following steps: a land selection step, a seed preparation step, a sowing step, a management step after sowing and a transplanting step; selecting field with loose soil, long sunshine time, good ventilation and drainage, and sufficient water source as nursery field, collecting mature Paeonia suffruticosa fruit in 9 months, peeling peel to obtain fresh seed, removing mildew, worm damage or waterSoaking the unsaturated seeds in clear water for 20-40 min, soaking in 100-class gibberellin with the concentration of 1000ppm for 0.5-6 h, taking out and filtering to dry; the seeds are required to be uniformly sown on the nursery land on the same day, a layer of matrix soil is covered on the seeds, and a moisturizing layer is covered on the matrix soil layer; watering the sowed seedbed until the depth of the seedbed is 5-15 cm; transplanting after 11-12 months after sowing (Tan Rui, Wang Juan, Yang Wei, Yuanlong, Hoyan Li, Huamei, Wang Ying, Chenjian, Chenzhong Zhonghua, Wang Sihai, a seed breeding method of Paeonia yunnanensis, Yunnan: CN107278421A, 2017-10-24.); one of the important points emphasized by this method is: sowing seeds selected on the same day; the breeding method of collecting and sowing at once cannot be realized in large-scale production practice, because the Yunnan peony seeds are all collected from wild, different wild habitats are dispersed in the mountainous mountains and the hills of the subhigh mountains, and each link requires a certain time and day no matter collecting, shelling, water selecting seeds and the like, the method obviously has great difficulty in large-scale production and seedling raising; the second important point of the content emphasis in this aspect is: all examples only refer to germination rate, and do not refer to emergence rate and seedling condition, so that there are many disadvantages to applying the method to production practice.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a sectional type cultivation method for the aligned seedlings and strong seedlings of the paeonia suffruticosa; the method comprises the following steps: 1) seeds are not required to be harvested and sown at the same time, and only the seeds harvested in the same year are needed; 2) the seed treatment method is simple, the seedling raising cost is low, and the transplanting after seedling raising is not affected by seasons; 3) the sectional seedling raising method can clear the boundary between the non-dormancy seeds and the secondary dormancy seeds, can implement different management methods aiming at different types of seeds, and overcomes the defects that the seedling emergence time is inconsistent and the mutual influence is caused in the conventional seedling raising; 4) the stage-type seedling raising can be used for grading the germinated seeds (seedlings) in the early stage of seedling bed seedling raising, and the seedlings with the same grade have the advantages of high germination rate, neat emergence, high emergence rate, high seedling rate and the like after centralized and unified management.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a sectional type cultivation method for the uniform and strong seedlings of the paeonia suffruticosa is characterized in that the seedling cultivation process is divided into three sections, namely, an artificial climate incubator is used for accelerating germination, roots are cultivated in a greenhouse by using a substrate I, and seedbed seedling cultivation is carried out in the greenhouse by using a substrate II in a grading manner; the method comprises the steps of collecting seeds, accelerating germination of the seeds, culturing root systems, washing and sorting, raising seedlings on seedbeds, and transplanting and planting; the specific implementation steps are described as follows.

(1) And (5) collecting seeds.

And in 9-10 months, collecting mature Yunnan peony fruits, peeling off shells, reserving plump seeds after water dressing, and airing for later use.

(2) And (4) accelerating germination of seeds.

Because the seed germination acceleration is carried out in an artificial climate incubator, the collected peony seeds can be subjected to germination acceleration after 9 months; before germination accelerating, cleaning seeds, and then soaking the seeds in clear water for 22-24 hours for later use; the seedling bed used for accelerating germination of the peony is a sand bed, river sand with the thickness of 3cm is firstly loaded in a non-porous seedling raising tray with the length of 54 cm, the width of 28 cm and the depth of 4.5 cm, then the soaked seeds are uniformly paved on the sand surface, a thin layer of river sand is adhered to the surfaces of the seeds by slight vibration, a layer of river sand with the thickness of 1 cm is paved on the seeds, and finally, a spray can is used for uniformly spraying water, so that the humidity of the river sand is kept between 20% and 25%; after the seeds are sowed, putting the seeds into a 10 ℃ artificial climate incubator for dark box culture, and controlling the humidity in the artificial climate incubator to be 30%; observing the humidity of river sand in a seedling raising plate in real time during the culture period, timely spraying water for replenishment by using a spraying pot when the water content is too low until buds with the size of more than 3cm grow out of seeds, wherein the river sand is fine sand passing through an iron sieve with the aperture of 2mm, repeatedly washing the river sand by using flowing clear water after sieving, spreading and exposing the river sand for 36 hours after washing, and spraying 500 times of carbendazim solution for disinfection before use; the seed germination accelerating time is 50-70 days.

(3) And (5) root system culture.

Root system cultivation: the root system cultivation is carried out in the greenhouse, the seedling bed adopts a substrate I as a nutrient soil base material, a seedling raising substrate I with the thickness of 3cm is filled in a porous seedling raising tray with the length of 42cm, the width of 42cm and the depth of 5cm, the germinated peony seeds are carefully taken out and sequentially placed on the seedling raising substrate I, after the seedling raising substrate I is placed, a layer of substrate I is covered on the seeds, the seedling raising tray is slightly lifted to the height of 10-15 cm, then hands are loosened, the seedling raising tray naturally falls down, the substrate I is enabled to fill up gaps under the action of gravity, the substrate I is fully contacted with the buds, after the operation is repeated for 2-3 times, the seedling raising tray is paved with the substrate I, finally, a proper amount of water is sprayed on the surface of the substrate I, the water content of the substrate I is adjusted to be between 60% and 70%, and the treated porous seedling raising tray is placed in the greenhouse regularly according to 4 trays.

In order to avoid damaging the root system when the seeds (seedlings) are taken at the next stage, a layer of substrate I with the thickness of 5cm is paved at the bottom of the porous seedling-raising plate; when the hypocotyl of the peony growing out through germination accelerating can be 7-10 cm, and when fibrous roots occur, and when partial seeds begin to grow out of one cotyledon, root system culture is basically completed; the root system culture time is 20-30 days.

The substrate I is prepared from pure natural turfy soil and vermiculite according to a weight ratio of 5:1, and 500 times of liquid carbendazim is used for spraying and disinfecting before root system culture.

(4) And (5) washing and sorting.

Washing and sorting: taking out a root system from the whole tray to culture a holed seedling tray, gently and repeatedly ripping in a large basin filled with clear water, elutriating a substrate I, carefully taking out the peony in the tray and sorting according to 3 grades, wherein the first grade is the peony with developed root system and cotyledon, the second grade is the peony without cotyledon but developed root system, the third grade is the peony without cotyledon but developed root system, and the sorted peony is respectively subjected to later-stage seedling culture; in the sorting process, sunlight irradiation needs to be avoided, and a wet towel is used for covering after sorting; the sorted seedlings need to be planted in a seedling bed in time.

(5) And (5) seedling in a seedbed.

Seedling cultivation is carried out in a greenhouse, a seedling bed adopts a substrate II as a nutrient soil base material, a layer of non-woven fabric is laid on the ground surface, then a layer of substrate II with the thickness of 40 cm is laid on the non-woven fabric, and the seedling bed is organized into a high compartment with the compartment width of 1 m; the method comprises the following steps that conical small holes are poured on a carriage surface, the aperture is 5cm, the hole depth is 10 cm, and the hole distance is 20 cm multiplied by 20 cm; the sorted seedling raising materials are lightly put into the holes one by one according to one hole, and the roots face downwards; the substrate II of the sieve with the pore size of 2cm is used as a filler of the hole; when holes are filled with peony seedlings of the first grade, the seedlings are righted by hands, then sieved matrixes II are carefully filled, and water is sprayed until the whole seedbed is thoroughly wetted after the matrixes II are lightly compacted; when the holes of the peony of the second grade and the peony of the third grade are filled with the substrate II, a small amount of sieved substrate II is filled, then a proper amount of water is sprayed, the substrate II is fully contacted with hypocotyls under the action of the water, finally the holes are filled with the sieved substrate II, and the water is sprayed until the whole seedbed is thoroughly wetted; in order to reduce the moisture transpiration rate of the compartment surface, pine needles with the thickness of 5cm are covered on the compartment surface, and a sunshade net is used for shading 3m above the compartment surface until the seeds are grown and are out of the nursery.

The substrate II is prepared from black loam and decomposed sheep manure according to the weight ratio of 4:1, 500 times of carbendazim liquid is sprayed for disinfection before use, and 25g of pure nitrogen, 50g of pure phosphorus and 25g of pure potassium are mixed into each cubic substrate II as base fertilizers.

(6) And (5) seedling stage management.

Firstly, water management, namely watering the peony of the first grade 15 days from the day of planting the peony on a seedling bed at 9-10 points in the morning, so that the water content of the soil of the seedbed is kept between 60-70%, properly controlling the water after 15 days, wherein the humidity of the soil of the seedbed cannot be lower than 30%, after the spring of the vertical year, 2 months to 5 months, 1 time of water supplement every 15 days, 6 months to 8 months, and Yunnan enters the rainy and hot season, so that the air humidity is high, 1 time of water supplement every 30 days, 9 months to 10 months, watering is changed into 1 time of water supplement every 15 days, and proper water control in winter; the peony of grade two and grade three can emerge after one year, the peony is watered from 9 to 10 points in the morning every day 15 days from the day of planting on the seedling bed, the moisture content of the seedbed soil is kept between 60 to 70 percent, the moisture can be properly controlled after 15 days, but the humidity of the seedbed soil cannot be lower than 30 percent, the moisture content of the seedbed soil can be controlled between 30 to 40 percent from 15 days after planting on the seedbed to before the beginning spring of the 2 year, the watering is continuously carried out for 7 to 10 days after the beginning spring of the 2 year, the moisture content of the soil is kept between 60 to 70 percent, the water is supplemented for 1 time every 15 days and 1 time every 6 months to 8 months, the water is supplemented for 1 time every 30 days and the water is supplemented for 9 months to 10 months, the watering is changed into the water supplementing for 1 time every 15 days, and the water is properly controlled in winter. Secondly, fertilizer management: spraying a foliar fertilizer 15 days after the peony of the first grade is transplanted to the seedbed, wherein the foliar fertilizer can be sprayed once again after 1 year before cooling in winter, and the foliar fertilizer is a urea fertilizer with the concentration of 1-1.5%; when the 1 st main leaf of the peony of the second grade and the third grade grows out after 2 years, spraying foliar fertilizer once for the peony seedlings, uniformly spraying foliar fertilizer once again before cooling in winter of the 2 nd year, wherein the foliar fertilizer adopts 1-1.5% of urea fertilizer; and spraying foliar fertilizer once more 60 days after the first fertilization on the peony of grade three.

(7) And (5) transplanting and planting.

The peony of grade one can be transplanted 10-11 months after sowing, and the peony of grade two and grade three can be transplanted 18-22 months after sowing.

Hardening off seedlings of all the peonies 30 days before transplanting, wherein the hardening off method comprises the following steps: the greenhouse is uncovered in the first 10 days, the greenhouse is completely opened in the 10 th to 20 th days, the sunshade net is uncovered at 9 am in the 20 th to 25 th days, the sunshade net is covered at 14 am, the sunshade net is uncovered at 25 th to 30 th days, the sunshade net is covered at 14 am, a half of the sunshade net is covered at 14 am, and after 30 th, the sunshade net is uncovered completely, so that the peony seedlings completely adapt to the external natural environment conditions; pulling the non-woven fabric from one end to loosen the matrix soil of the seedbed during seedling lifting, slightly prying the seedlings by using a small shovel, carefully scattering the furrow slices, binding 10-20 seedlings, putting the seedlings in a carrying frame with the root facing inwards, putting 2-3 pieces of moistened newspaper between each layer, sealing the top layer by using 4-5 pieces of newspaper, and watering to make the newspaper thoroughly moistened; the time interval from seedling taking to seedling planting is preferably not more than 48 hours.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following specific beneficial effects.

(1) According to the sectional type cultivation method for the uniform and strong seedlings of the paeonia suffruticosa, provided by the invention, the peony seeds only need to be seeds harvested in the same year, the seeds are sown without harvesting and are subjected to hard requirements such as gibberellin treatment, the seedling raising cost is low, the transplanting after seedling formation is not influenced by seasons, the germination rate can reach 98.5% by using the method, the emergence rate of all germinated peonies can be ensured, and the seedling rate can reach 100%.

(2) According to the sectional type cultivation method for the uniform and strong paeonia suffruticosa seedlings, after paeonia suffruticosa seeds are soaked in clear water for 22-24 hours, seedling cultivation processes include firstly, germination acceleration of an artificial climate incubator, secondly, root cultivation by using a substrate I in a greenhouse, thirdly, washing, sorting and grading, fourthly, seedling bed seedling cultivation by using a substrate II in the greenhouse, fifthly, hardening seedlings, transplanting and field planting are completed for five sections, and the sectional type cultivation method is simple to operate and easy to popularize in a large area.

(3) The sectional type cultivation method for the uniform and strong Yunnan peony seedlings can distinguish the non-dormancy seeds from the secondary dormancy seeds in the early stage of seedbed seedling cultivation, can implement different management methods aiming at different types of seeds, and overcomes the defects that the emergence time is inconsistent and the mutual influence is caused in the conventional seedling cultivation.

(4) According to the sectional type cultivation method for the uniform and strong Yunnan peony seedlings, seedlings with the same grade have the advantages of regular seedling emergence, high seedling emergence rate, full seedling establishment and the like in the seedling bed seedling stage.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments.

Embodiment 1 is an embodiment adopting the method of the present invention, and this embodiment is a mature seedling raising technique obtained after continuously improving and perfecting the seedling raising technique on the basis of embodiment 2, embodiment 3, and embodiment 4; the number of tested seeds is 1000.

1. The invention relates to a trial (actual) production place and facility equipment.

Firstly, an artificial climate incubator of Shanghai Boxun brand is used in the germination accelerating stage, and the model is BIC-300; the experiment is arranged at the high mountain economic plant research institute of agricultural academy of sciences in Yunnan province, with an altitude of 2403 m; the seedbed used for germination acceleration of the artificial climate incubator is a sand bed, river sand with the aperture of 2mm is used for the sand bed, the river sand is repeatedly washed clean by clear water before use and then exposed to sunlight for 36 hours, and 500 times of carbendazim solution is sprayed for disinfection before use; the non-porous seedling culture plate is used in the artificial climate incubator, and the specifications are 54 cm, 28 cm and 4.5 cm.

Secondly, in the stage of cultivating root systems by using the substrate I in the greenhouse, the test is arranged in a test base of a big flat dam in Baoshan county, Yulong county, Lijiang City, Yunnan province, and the altitude is 3400 m; the specification of the greenhouse is 80m long, 8m wide, 3.5m high on shoulder and 5.3m high on top, two ends of the greenhouse are provided with movable doors, two sides and a ceiling can be moved, a sunshade net can be pulled at the high on shoulder, and a sprinkling irrigation system is arranged 3m away from the ground; the substrate I is prepared by mixing Lei-Tao-pure natural turfy soil and vermiculite according to a weight ratio of 5:1, and is sprayed with 500 times of carbendazim solution for disinfection before use; the culture root system uses a perforated seedling-raising plate with the specification of 42cm long, 42cm wide and 5cm deep.

Thirdly, a seedling bed seedling stage is graded by using a matrix II in the greenhouse, and the test place and the used greenhouse are the same as the root system culture stage; the substrate II is prepared from black loam and decomposed sheep manure according to the weight ratio of 4:1, 25g of pure nitrogen, 50g of pure phosphorus and 25g of pure potassium are mixed into each cubic substrate II as base fertilizers before use, and 500 times of liquid carbendazim is sprayed for disinfection; a high-compartment seedling bed is adopted for seedling culture, the compartment surface is 1m in width and 40 cm in height, and a layer of non-woven fabric is laid under the seedling bed.

2. And (5) collecting seeds.

And (4) in 2016, in 9-10 months, collecting mature Yunnan peony fruits, peeling off shells, performing water separation, reserving plump seeds, and airing for later use.

3. And (4) accelerating germination of seeds.

Soaking seeds at 8 am in 2016, 10 months and 24 days in clear water; 6 am to 8 am at 10 and 25 months in 2016, fishing out the soaked seeds from the water and uniformly paving the seeds on a sand surface with the thickness of 3cm, slightly vibrating to attach a thin layer of river sand on the surfaces of the seeds, paving a layer of river sand on the seeds, and finally uniformly spraying water by using a spray can to keep the humidity of the river sand between 20 percent and 25 percent; putting the hole-free seedling-raising tray filled with the seeds into a 10 ℃ artificial climate incubator, adjusting the humidity in the artificial climate incubator to 30%, and culturing in a dark box; observing the humidity of river sand in the seedling raising plate in real time during the culture period, and spraying water for replenishment by using a sprinkling can in time when the water content is too low until the seeds grow buds more than 3 cm; the germination accelerating time of the seeds is 50-70 days, and the time is counted from the day of sowing; after germination is promoted in a 10 ℃ artificial climate incubator, the number of germinated grains is 985 grains, and the germination rate is 98.5% (see table 1).

4. And (5) root system culture.

In 2016, 12 months and 25 days, in a greenhouse of a test base of a big flat dam in the national treasures of Yulong county, Lijiang City, Yunnan, a layer of 5cm thick matrix I is laid in a place where a porous seedling culture disc needs to be placed; transporting the catalyzed and germinated peony to a test base in a whole disc at 2016 and 26 months, carefully taking out the germinated peony seeds and putting the germinated peony seeds in a porous seedling raising disc filled with a seedling raising matrix I with thickness of 3cm in sequence, covering a layer of matrix on the seeds, slightly lifting the seedling raising disc to the height of 10-15 cm, loosening hands, naturally dropping the seedling raising disc, filling the matrix into gaps under the action of gravity, fully contacting the matrix with the buds, and filling the seedling raising disc with the matrix after repeating the steps for 2-3 times; after the trays are arranged, the mixture is placed into a greenhouse with the laid substrate I in a row of 4 trays, a proper amount of water is poured, and the water content of the soil of the substrate I is kept between 60 and 70 percent during root system culture; the cultivation time of the root system is 20 to 30 days from the date of cultivation of the root system.

5. And (5) washing and sorting.

Taking out root systems from the whole disc to culture a holed seedling-raising disc in 20 days 1 month 2017, gently and repeatedly ripping in a large basin filled with clear water, elutriating a substrate I, carefully taking out the peonies in the disc and sorting according to 3 grades, wherein the first grade is developed root systems and provided with cotyledons, the second grade is developed root systems without cotyledons, the third grade is developed root systems without cotyledons, and the sorted peonies are classified to carry out later-stage seedling-raising cultivation; in the sorting process, sunlight irradiation needs to be avoided, and a wet towel is used for covering after sorting; the sorted seedlings need to be planted in a seedling bed in time; after 985 germinated seeds are cultured by root systems, 267 peony seedlings with a grade I, 495 peony seedlings with a grade II and 223 peony seedlings with a grade III are obtained, and the sorted peony seedlings are cultured in different categories.

6. And (5) seedling in a seedbed.

Preparation work one day before seedling bed seedling culture: in 2017, 1 month and 19 days, firstly paving a layer of non-woven fabric on a seedling raising place in a greenhouse, and then paving a layer of matrix II on the non-woven fabric, wherein the matrix II is organized into a high compartment, the compartment surface width is 1m, the compartment height is 40 cm, and small holes with inverted cones are drilled on the compartment surface, and the aperture is 5cm, the hole depth is 10 cm, and the hole distance is 20 cm multiplied by 20 cm; the pore size matrix II used for the hole filler is 2 cm; the compartment surface covering is pine hair treated by 500 times of liquid carbendazim; the sunshade net is prepared 3m above the car surface.

Seedling bed seedling raising program, namely, in 2017, 1, 20 days, the seedling raising materials sorted by water washing are put into holes one by one, and the roots face downwards; when holes are filled with peony seedlings of the first grade, the seedlings are righted by hands, then sieved matrixes II are carefully filled, and water is sprayed until the whole seedbed is thoroughly wetted after the matrixes II are lightly compacted; when the holes are filled with the matrix II, filling a small amount of sieved matrix II, spraying a proper amount of water to ensure that the matrix II is fully contacted with the hypocotyl under the action of the water, and finally filling the holes with the sieved matrix II; when the peony with grade I covers the compartment surface with pine needles, the cotyledons need to be carefully removed; the thickness of the covering pine needles is 5cm, and after the covering is completely finished, the sunshade net is pulled to be 3m above the carriage surface for shading; after all the working procedures are finished, pouring water thoroughly, and closing the greenhouse; the seedling bed of the grade one needs more than 10 months, the seedling bed of the grade two and the grade three needs more than 18 months, and the time is counted from the date of the seedling bed.

7. And (5) seedling stage management.

Moisture management: the peony of grade one, the peony is from planting 15 days of the nursery bed, should water at 9-10 o' clock in the morning every day, it is suitable to make the soil moisture content of seedbed keep between 60% -70%, can control the moisture properly after 15 days, but the soil humidity of seedbed can not be lower than 30%, after the spring of vertical year (2017), 2 months-5 months, every 15 days moisturizing 1 time, 6 months-8 months, Yunnan enters the rainy and hot season, the air humidity is great, every 30 days moisturizing 1 time, 9 months-10 months, water is changed to every 15 days moisturizing 1 time, 11 months can refine the seedling out of the nursery; the peony of grade two and grade three can not emerge after one year, the peony is watered from 9 to 10 points in the morning every day 15 days after planting on a seedling bed, the moisture content of the seedbed soil is kept between 60 to 70 percent, the moisture can be properly controlled after 15 days, but the humidity of the seedbed soil cannot be lower than 30 percent, the moisture content of the seedbed soil can be controlled between 30 to 40 percent from 15 days after planting on the seedbed to before the beginning of the 2 nd year (2018), the watering is continuously carried out for 7 to 10 days after the beginning of the 2 nd year (2018), the moisture content of the soil is kept between 60 to 70 percent, the period of 2 to 5 months, the watering is carried out for 1 time every 15 days, the period of 6 months to 8 months, the watering is carried out for 1 time every 30 days, the period of 9 months to 10 months, the watering is changed into the watering for 1 time every 15 days, and the seedling can be refined in 11 months.

Secondly, fertilizer management: spraying a foliar fertilizer 15 days after the peony of the first grade is transplanted to the seedbed, wherein the foliar fertilizer can be sprayed once again before cooling in 2017 in winter, and the foliar fertilizer is a urea fertilizer with the concentration of 1-1.5%; and 3, the peony of the second grade and the third grade starts to emerge after being watered in 10 days in 3 months in 2018, the peony seedlings can be sprayed with foliar fertilizer once in 25 days in 3 months in 2018, the foliar fertilizer is uniformly sprayed once again before being cooled in winter in 2018, the peony of the third grade is sprayed with foliar fertilizer once more in 60 days after the first fertilization, and the foliar fertilizer adopts 1-1.5% of urea fertilizer.

8. The seedling condition of the mature peony.

After washing and sorting, 267 peony seedlings with cotyledon of a grade one are obtained, after seedling bed seedling culture, the seedling rate is 100% in a grade one batch, the batch of peony is planted on a seedling bed in 2016, 10 and 25 days, and the batch of peony is grown in 2017, 11 months, after seedling formation, the seedlings are neat and strong, and are 4-6 leaves completely, the overground stem length is 26.2 cm-34.3 cm, and the stem thickness is 3.51 mm-5.14 mm; washing and sorting to obtain 495 peony granules with a second grade and no cotyledon but developed fibrous roots, after seedling bed seedling culture, obtaining 495 seedlings with the seedling rate of 100% in a second grade batch, wherein the peony of the batch is planted in a seedling bed at 10 and 25 days in 2016, and is seedling at 8 months in 2018, and after seedling formation, the seedlings are neat and strong, and have 2-4 complete leaves, 8.6 cm-12.7 cm above-ground stem length and 2.78 mm-4.16 mm stem thickness; after washing and sorting, 223 peony particles without cotyledon in the grade three but with undeveloped fibrous roots are obtained, after seedling bed seedling culture, 223 seedlings are formed, the seedling rate is 100% in three batches in the grade, the batch of peony is planted in a seedling bed in 2016, 10 and 25 days, the seedling is formed in 2018 and 8 months, after seedling formation, the seedlings are neat and strong, 1-4 complete leaves are provided, the overground stem length is 5.4-9.9 cm, and the stem thickness is 2.41 mm-5.4 mm.

9. And (5) transplanting and planting.

Hardening seedlings 30 days before transplanting, taking off the greenhouse early and covering the greenhouse late 10 days after hardening seedlings, taking off the greenhouse completely open in 10-20 days, taking off the sunshade net 9 am in 20-25 days, covering the sunshade net at 14 am, taking off the sunshade net in 25-30 days, taking off the sunshade net in the morning, covering a half of the sunshade net at 14 am, taking off the sunshade net after 30 th, and completely adapting the peony seedlings to the external natural environment conditions; pulling the non-woven fabric from one end to loosen the matrix soil of the seedbed during seedling lifting, slightly prying the seedlings by using a small shovel, carefully scattering the furrow slices, binding 10-20 seedlings, putting the seedlings in a carrying frame with the root facing inwards, putting 2-3 pieces of moistened newspaper between each layer, sealing the top layer by using 4-5 pieces of newspaper, and watering to make the newspaper thoroughly moistened; the time interval from seedling taking to seedling planting is preferably not more than 48 hours.

Example 2 is a comparative example of the method of using a seedling bed for field cultivation in the prior art, and the number of test seeds is 1000.

Compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 omits the links of accelerating germination of seeds, root system culture and water washing and sorting, and is an embodiment for directly sowing the seeds on a seedling bed made of a substrate II after soaking.

The remaining methods are the same as in example 1 except for the following differences, and are not described again.

1. And (5) seedling in a seedbed.

Soaking seeds in 2016 for 10 and 24 days, wherein the soaking time is 22-24 hours, taking out the soaked seeds in 2016 for 10 and 25 days, directly sowing the seeds on a seedling bed made of a substrate II, covering the seeds with a layer of 3cm thick substrate II after sowing, covering a layer of 5cm thick loose hair above the seedling bed, pulling a sunshade net, and completely watering after all the procedures are finished.

2. And (5) seedling stage management.

Firstly, managing water, namely watering the peony 15 days from the day of sowing the peony on a seedling bed at 9-10 points in the morning every day to keep the water content of the seedbed soil between 60% and 70%, and properly controlling the water after 15 days, wherein the humidity of the seedbed soil cannot be lower than 30%; after the spring of 2017, because a batch of seedlings grow true leaves on the seedling bed, the moisture management in 2017 and 2018 is implemented according to the following scheme: the water is supplemented for 1 time every 15 days in 2-5 months, the water is supplemented for 6-8 months, Yunnan enters into the rainy and hot season in the same season, the air humidity is high, the water is supplemented for 1 time every 30 days, the water is supplemented for 1 time every 15 days in 9-10 months, and the water is properly controlled in winter.

And secondly, managing fertilizers, namely applying foliar fertilizers to the peony seedlings respectively in 20 days in 3 months in 2017, 20 days in 9 months in 2017 and 20 days in 3 months in 2018, wherein the foliar fertilizers are urea fertilizers with the concentration of 1-1.5%.

3. The seedling condition of the mature peony is that in 11 months in 2017, the number of germinated seeds is 766, the germination rate is 76.6 percent, the emergence rate in the same period is 25.1 percent, in 11 months in 2018, 25.4 percent of newly increased emergence rate is newly added, and the total emergence rate is 50.5 percent; the basic situation of seedling formation in 8 months in 2018 is as follows: 1-8 complete leaves, 2.0-42.9 cm overground stem length and 1.17-5.14 mm stem thickness.

4. Example 2 obviously has the problems that the germination rate is low, and the peony grown in 2017 is mixed with the peony grown in 2018 to form a pattern of big seedlings and small seedlings, the seedlings are irregular, and the seedlings are strong and weak.

Example 3 is a control example in which a first modification is made based on example 2, and the number of test seeds is 1000.

Compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 3 omits the steps of root system culture and water washing and sorting; example 3 has one more step in the germination of seeds than example 2.

The remaining methods are the same as example 2 except for the following differences, and are not described again.

1. The procedure for pregermination of seeds was the same as in example 1; sowing in an artificial climate incubator in 2016, 10 months and 25 days, carrying out sand bed culture, and accelerating germination in the artificial climate incubator at 10 ℃, wherein the number of germinated seeds is 979, and the germination rate is 97.9% (see table 1).

2. Seedling bed seedling raising, namely, firstly paving a layer of non-woven fabric on a seedling raising field in a greenhouse at 2016 (12/24) th day, and then paving a layer of matrix II on the non-woven fabric, wherein the matrix II is organized into a high compartment, the compartment surface is 1m wide and 40 cm high, and a small hole with a reverse cone shape is drilled on the compartment surface, and the pore diameter is 5cm, the pore depth is 10 cm, and the pore distance is 20 cm multiplied by 20 cm; the pore size matrix II used for the hole filler is 2 cm; the compartment surface covering is pine hair treated by 500 times of liquid carbendazim; preparing a sunshade net 3m above the compartment surface; in 2016, 12 months and 25 days, the seeds which are accelerated to be germinated are lightly placed in the holes according to one hole (one grain), the roots of the seeds face downwards, the holes are filled with the matrix II which is sieved by a 2cm pore size sieve until the holes are full, then a layer of pine needles with the thickness of 5cm are covered on the carriage surface, the sunshade net is pulled, and water is watered thoroughly.

3. The seedling management method was the same as that of example 2.

4. The emergence rate of the mature peony in 11 months in 2017 is 28.7 percent, the emergence rate of the mature peony in 11 months in 2018 is 34.2 percent, and the total emergence rate is 62.9 percent; the basic situation of seedling formation in 8 months in 2018 is as follows: the number of the leaves is 2-7, the overground stem length is 3.61-46.4 cm, and the stem thickness is 1.10-4.74 mm.

5. Example 3 shows a significant improvement in germination rate, but the 2017 peony still mixed with the 2018 peony still, and the pattern of big and small seedlings still exists.

Table 1 germination rate, seedling condition, emergence rate and seedling rate of different examples.

	Total number of grains	Number of germinated grains	Percentage of germination (%)	Emergence rate in 2017 (%)	New emergence rate in 2018	Total rate of emergence (%)	Percent seedling rate (%)
								Example 1	1000	985	98.5	26.7	71.8	98.5	100
Example 2	1000	766	76.6	25.1	25.4	50.5	65.9
								Example 3	1000	979	97.9	28.7	34.2	62.9	64.2

Note: germination rate (%) = number of germinated seeds/number of total sown grains × 100; seedling rate (%) = number of seedlings/number of germinated seeds × 100.

The above examples show that: in the field seedling bed method (example 2) in the prior art, seeds are directly sown in a seedling bed after being soaked for 22-24 hours, the germination rate is only 76.6%, the total emergence rate in two years is 50.5%, the seedling rate is 65.9%, the phenomena of seedling emergence of one batch in 2017 and seedling emergence of another batch in 2018 exist, water and fertilizer management in the seedling stage is difficult to take full consideration, seedlings are strong and weak after seedling formation, uneven in growth vigor, high in discrete degree of indexes such as complete leaves, overground stem length and stem thickness, and the like, and uniform and strong seedlings of adult peony cannot be guaranteed; in the comparative example (example 3) which is improved for the first time on the basis of the example 2, the peonies soaked for 22-24 hours are subjected to pregermination by using an artificial climate box, and then are sowed, the method greatly improves the germination rate, the germination rate is 97.9%, but the phenomena of seedling emergence of one batch in 2017 and seedling emergence of another batch in 2018 still cannot be solved after the peonies are transferred to a seedling bed, the water and fertilizer management in the seedling stage is still difficult to be fully taken into consideration, the seedlings are strong and weak and have irregular growth after the seedlings are grown, and the discrete degrees of indexes such as complete leaves, overground stem length and stem thickness are higher.

In order to make peony seedlings break through in seedling alignment and strong seedlings, embodiment 1 of the present invention is a set of brand new Yunnan peony seedling raising technology explored on the basis of summarizing the deficiencies of embodiment 2 and embodiment 3, and the present invention obtains the following obvious benefits: firstly, before raising seedlings by using a substrate II in a greenhouse, washing and sorting seeds (seedlings) to not only avoid damaging root systems but also subdivide the seeds (seedlings) according to grades, so that later management is more targeted, and the problem that the uniform and strong seedlings cannot be ensured in field raising in the prior art is fundamentally solved; secondly, the invention does not have the rigid requirement of immediate picking and immediate sowing for seeds, and the seeds harvested in the same year can be used for sowing, thereby greatly reducing the seedling raising cost and being free from the influence of seasons for transplanting after seedling growing; thirdly, the seedling culture process is divided into three sections, the operation is simple, the technology is easy to master, and the large-area popularization is facilitated; fourthly, the boundary between the unhygienic seeds and the secondary dormant seeds can be cleared before seedling bed seedling culture, different management methods can be implemented for different types of seeds, and the defects that seedling emergence time is inconsistent and mutual influence is caused in conventional seedling culture and the like are overcome; fifth, the invention has the advantages of uniform and strong seedlings, full seedlings and the like after the seedlings with the same grade are grown.

Claims (2)

1. A method for cultivating the Paeonia yunnanensis seedlings in a regular and strong sectional manner comprises the steps of collecting seeds, accelerating germination of the seeds, cultivating root systems, washing and sorting, growing seedlings on seedbed, managing seedling stages, transplanting and planting; the method comprises the following specific steps: 1) collecting seeds: picking mature Yunnan peony fruits in 9-10 months, peeling off shells, reserving plump seeds after water dressing, and airing for later use; 2) accelerating germination of seeds: cleaning the seeds, soaking the seeds in clear water for 22-24 hours to ensure that the seeds are fully imbibed for later use; the seedling bed used for accelerating germination of the peony is a sand bed, river sand with the thickness of 3cm is firstly loaded in a non-porous seedling raising tray with the length of 54 cm, the width of 28 cm and the depth of 4.5 cm, then the soaked seeds are uniformly paved on a sand surface, a thin layer of river sand is adhered to the surfaces of the seeds through slight vibration, a layer of river sand with the thickness of 1 cm is paved on the seeds, and finally, a spray can is used for uniformly spraying water, so that the humidity of the river sand is kept at 20% -25%; after the seeds are sowed, putting the seeds into a 10 ℃ artificial climate incubator for dark box culture, and controlling the humidity in the artificial climate incubator to be 30%; observing the humidity of river sand in a seedling raising plate in real time during the culture period, timely spraying water for replenishment by using a spraying pot when the water content is too low until buds with the size of more than 3cm grow out of seeds, wherein the river sand is fine sand passing through an iron sieve with the aperture of 2mm, repeatedly washing the river sand by using flowing clear water after sieving, spreading and exposing the river sand for 36 hours after washing, and spraying 500 times of carbendazim solution for disinfection before use; the seed germination accelerating time is 50-70 days; 3) root system cultivation: the root system cultivation is carried out in the greenhouse, a seedling bed adopts a substrate I as a nutrient soil base material, a seedling raising substrate I with the thickness of 3cm is filled in a porous seedling raising tray with the length of 42cm, the width of 42cm and the depth of 5cm, germinated peony seeds are carefully taken out and are sequentially placed on the seedling raising substrate I, after the seedling raising substrate I is placed, a layer of substrate I is covered on the seeds, the seedling raising tray is slightly lifted to the height of 10-15 cm, then hands are loosened, the seedling raising tray naturally falls down, the substrate I is filled with gaps under the action of gravity, the substrate I is fully contacted with the buds, after the steps are repeated for 2-3 times, the seedling raising tray is paved with the substrate I, finally, a proper amount of water is sprayed on the surface of the substrate I, the water content of the substrate I is adjusted to 60% -70%, and the treated porous seedling raising tray is placed in the greenhouse in a row according to 4 trays; in order to prevent the root system from being damaged when the seedlings are taken at the next stage, a layer of substrate I with the thickness of 5cm is paved at the bottom of the porous seedling culture plate; after germination accelerating, when the hypocotyl of the peony grows to 7-10 cm and fibrous roots occur, and when partial seeds begin to grow out of one cotyledon, root system culture is basically completed; the root system culture time is 20-30 days; the substrate I is prepared by mixing pure natural turfy soil and vermiculite according to the weight ratio of 5:1, and is sprayed with 500 times of carbendazim solution for disinfection before use; 4) washing and sorting: taking out a root system from the whole tray to culture a holed seedling tray, gently and repeatedly ripping in a large basin filled with clear water, elutriating a substrate I, carefully taking out the peony in the tray and sorting according to 3 grades, wherein the first grade is the peony with developed root system and cotyledon, the second grade is the peony without cotyledon but developed root system, the third grade is the peony without cotyledon but developed root system, and the sorted peony is respectively subjected to later-stage seedling culture; in the sorting process, sunlight irradiation needs to be avoided, and a wet towel is used for covering after sorting; the sorted seedlings need to be planted in a seedling bed in time; 5) seedling in a seedbed: seedling cultivation is carried out in a greenhouse, a seedling bed adopts a substrate II as a nutrient soil base material, a layer of non-woven fabric is laid on the ground surface, then a layer of substrate II with the thickness of 40 cm is laid on the non-woven fabric, and the seedling bed is organized into a high compartment with the compartment width of 1 m; the method comprises the following steps that conical small holes are poured on a carriage surface, the aperture is 5cm, the hole depth is 10 cm, and the hole distance is 20 cm multiplied by 20 cm; the seedling raising materials sorted by water washing are put into the holes one by one in a hole with the root downwards; the substrate II of the sieve with the pore size of 2cm is used as a filler of the hole; when holes are filled with peony seedlings of the first grade, the seedlings are righted by hands, then sieved matrixes II are carefully filled, and water is sprayed until the whole seedbed is thoroughly wetted after the matrixes II are lightly compacted; when the holes of the peony of the second grade and the peony of the third grade are filled with the substrate II, a small amount of sieved substrate II is filled, then a proper amount of water is sprayed, the substrate II is fully contacted with hypocotyls under the action of the water, finally the holes are filled with the sieved substrate II, and the water is sprayed until the whole seedbed is thoroughly wetted; in order to reduce the moisture transpiration rate of the compartment surface, covering a layer of pine needles with thickness of 5cm on the compartment surface, and shading by using a shading net 3m above the compartment surface until the seeds are grown and are out of the nursery; the matrix II is prepared from black loam and decomposed sheep manure according to the weight ratio of 4:1, 500 times of carbendazim liquid is sprayed for disinfection before use, and 25g of pure nitrogen, 50g of pure phosphorus and 25g of pure potassium are mixed into each cubic matrix II as base fertilizers; 6) seedling stage management: firstly, water management, watering the peony of the first grade, wherein the peony is watered from 9 to 10 points in the morning 15 days from the day of planting on a seedling bed, so that the water content of the soil of the seedbed is kept between 60 and 70 percent, the water can be properly controlled after 15 days, but the humidity of the soil of the seedbed cannot be lower than 30 percent, after spring early in the next year, water is replenished for 1 time every 15 days in 2 months to 5 months, water is replenished for 6 months to 8 months, Yunnan enters into a rainy and hot season in the same season, the air humidity is higher, water is replenished for 1 time every 30 days and is replenished for 9 months to 10 months, watering is changed into water replenishing for 1 time every 15 days, and the peony can be acclimated out of a nursery in 11 months; the peony of grade two and grade three can emerge after one year, the peony from planting in the nursery bed 15 days, should water at 9 o 'clock-10 o' clock each day, make the moisture content of soil of seedbed keep 60% -70% better, can control the moisture properly after 15 days, but the soil humidity of seedbed can not be lower than 30%, from planting 15 days after the seedbed to before the 2 nd year spring, the soil moisture of seedbed is controlled at 30% -40% can, 2 nd year spring after continuous watering 7-10 days, make the soil moisture keep 60% -70%, 2 months-5 months, every 15 days moisturizing 1 time, 6 months-8 months, every 30 days moisturizing 1 time, 9 months-10 months, watering changes every 15 days moisturizing 1 time, 11 months can refine the nursery; secondly, managing fertilizers, wherein foliar fertilizer is sprayed 15 days after the peony of the first grade is transplanted to a seedbed, and the foliar fertilizer can be sprayed once again before the temperature is reduced in winter, wherein the foliar fertilizer is urea fertilizer with the concentration of 1-1.5%; when the 1 st main leaf of the peony of the second grade and the third grade grows out after 2 years, spraying foliar fertilizer once for the peony seedlings, uniformly spraying foliar fertilizer once again before cooling in winter of the 2 nd year, wherein the foliar fertilizer adopts 1-1.5% of urea fertilizer; spraying foliar fertilizer once more 60 days after the first fertilization on the peony of grade three; 7) hardening and transplanting seedlings: the peony of the first grade can be transplanted 10-11 months after sowing, and the peony of the second grade and the third grade can be transplanted 18-22 months after sowing; hardening seedlings 30 days before transplanting, taking off the greenhouse early and covering the greenhouse late 10 days after hardening seedlings, taking off the greenhouse completely open in 10-20 days, taking off the sunshade net 9 am in 20-25 days, covering the sunshade net 14 am, taking off the sunshade net 25-30 days, taking off the sunshade net in the morning, covering a half of the sunshade net 14 am, taking off the sunshade net completely after 30 days, and making the peony seedlings completely adapt to the external natural environment conditions; pulling the non-woven fabric from one end to loosen the matrix soil of the seedbed during seedling lifting, slightly prying the seedlings by using a small shovel, carefully scattering the furrow slices, binding 10-20 seedlings, putting the seedlings in a carrying frame with the root facing inwards, putting 2-3 pieces of moistened newspaper between each layer, sealing the top layer by using 4-5 pieces of newspaper, and watering to make the newspaper thoroughly moistened; the time interval from seedling taking to seedling planting is not more than 48 hours.

2. The sectional type cultivation method of the aligned seedlings and the strong seedlings of the paeonia suffruticosa according to claim 1, wherein the seeds of the paeonia suffruticosa are all collected from wild habitats, and the seeds used for seedling cultivation only need to meet the requirement of seeds collected in the current year, and the condition limitation of immediate collection and immediate sowing does not exist.