CN110418867B - 真空隔绝板 - Google Patents
真空隔绝板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110418867B CN110418867B CN201780067926.4A CN201780067926A CN110418867B CN 110418867 B CN110418867 B CN 110418867B CN 201780067926 A CN201780067926 A CN 201780067926A CN 110418867 B CN110418867 B CN 110418867B
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- layer
- vacuum insulation
- heat
- barrier layer
- insulation panel
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
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- YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- RJDOZRNNYVAULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[F-].[F-].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[F-].[F-].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] RJDOZRNNYVAULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明的主题是带有由有敞开孔的材料组成的芯(1)并且带有在所有侧处紧挨地、完全地且气密地包围所述芯(1)的包裹部(2)的真空隔绝板,其中,所述包裹部(2)具有至少一个气密的屏障层(3)。所述真空隔绝板的特征在于,所述包裹部(2)在所述真空隔绝板的外部面的至少一个区域中在所述屏障层(3)外部上或在处于所述屏障层(3)外部上的中间层(4)上具有由耐热的材料组成的保护层(6)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种真空隔绝板以及一种用于真空隔绝板的包裹薄膜。
背景技术
真空隔绝板用于冷藏和冷冻器具的有效率的隔绝、用于对温度敏感的货物用的运输容器的隔绝、用于在建筑物翻新中的额外的阻隔等。
真空隔绝板原则上具有由有敞开孔的材料组成的面型的芯和在所有侧处紧挨地、完全地且气密地包围所述芯的包裹部。由此可行的是,将在所述包裹部内的空间抽真空并由此将所述真空隔绝板的导热能力带到非常低的值。
已知一种真空隔绝板(DE 10 2010 019 074 A1),在所述真空隔绝板的情况下,所述包裹部具有至少一个气密的屏障层并且在所述屏障层内侧处具有密封层。所述真空隔绝板具有由有敞开孔的材料组成的面型的芯、大面积地贴靠在所述芯的第一主面处的带有至少一个面向所述芯的密封层的第一屏障薄膜、在所述芯的另一个主面处包围所述芯的同样带有密封层的第二屏障薄膜、以及环绕的密封接缝,这两个屏障薄膜沿着所述密封接缝借助于所述密封层通过热的焊接密封在彼此处。
在现有技术中阐释的是,呈粉末片、粉末散积物、有敞开孔的泡沫或玻璃纤维材料的形式的能承受压力负载的材料适用于所述芯。尤其,由粉末片或松散的粉末组成的阻隔芯通常还为了减少粉尘形成而以透气的聚酯无纺布来包裹,如其例如由DE 100 585 66 A1得出的那样。由此防止,在抽真空过程中在真空腔室中粉尘是自由的,并且既污染所述密封接缝又污染所述真空腔室。
由微孔的硅酸粉末组成的芯片具有非常精细的孔结构并且允许相对高的气体压力,而剩余气体的导热能力不重要。由此,在所述微孔的材料的情况下仅仅需要1至10mbar的真空,以便将所述导热能力带到0.004至0.005W/mK。由专门的屏障薄膜组成的包裹部(所述屏障薄膜仅仅具有丝薄的、经气相沉积的由铝组成的覆层)保证,在所述芯材料中的气体压力每年仅仅升高约1mbar。
在前面详细地阐释的现有技术中描述用于制造所提到的类型的真空隔绝板的不同的措施。尤其也阐释,所述面型的芯不仅能够一件式地构建,而且能够多件式地构建。
对于带有所述屏障薄膜的包裹部的设计提出广泛的建议方案。典型的能实现的透气性和水蒸气透过性得到描述,并且对于用于所述屏障层和所述密封层的材料的选择提出建议方案。
只要随后的实施方案与所述结论不明显地相冲突,所有在现有技术中关于这方面的结论也应以相应的方式应用于本发明。由此,对于关于这方面的结论全面性地参考DE 102010 019 074 A1的公开内容。
所提到的类型的真空隔绝板具有出色的阻隔特性。但是由于所述包裹部的小的厚度,所提到的类型的真空隔绝板在操纵方面是敏感的。必须注意的是,不使所述真空隔绝板的包裹部受损伤。
US 4,662,521 A公开针对构造真空隔绝板和构造这样的真空隔绝板的包围所述芯的包裹部的详细的示例。此处,首先设置在所有侧处包围所述芯的纸包套部。包围所述芯的包裹部才处于所述纸包套部上。此处,所述包裹部在示例情况下由带有50μm的厚度的内部的密封层、在9μm的厚度下的气密的屏障层和在12μm的层厚度下的处于所述屏障层外部上的覆盖层组成,所述密封层由聚乙烯组成,所述屏障层由铝组成,所述覆盖层由聚酯组成。所述包裹部由两个面型的包裹部件组成,所述包裹部件以其密封层在边缘侧环绕地彼此靠放并且相互通过密封部在压力和温度下气密地连接。
在已知的真空隔绝板中(本发明从所述真空隔绝板中出发(DE 20 2014 002 192U1)),通过如下方式来采取用于所述包裹部的屏障层的附加的保护措施,即,在所述屏障层的外侧处或在处于所述屏障层外部上的中间层处还布置有纸层。该处的真空隔绝板的包裹部在所述屏障层或处于所述屏障层外部上的中间层与纸层相组合之处具有比前面已知的包裹部更高的刚度。由此得到对于机械的损伤更低的敏感性和平滑的表面。
就本发明所涉及的,尤其在所述包裹部的构造和针对所述芯的构造的可行的变型方案方面,全面地参考DE 20 2014 002 192 U1的公开内容。
对于确定的应用情况,例如在土木工程中或在车辆工程中的应用情况,必须满足确定的防火要求。关于这方面的使用领域的高的防火要求不能够被能由上面所阐释的现有技术所得知的真空隔绝板来满足。
发明内容
因此,本教导基于如下问题:说明一种所提到的类型的真空隔绝板,所述真空隔绝板满足比前面所描述的已知的真空隔绝板更高的防火要求、尤其如例如在汽车工业中存在的显著更高的防火要求。
前面所指出的任务在带有如下特征的真空隔绝板的情况下:带有由有敞开孔的材料组成的芯,并且
带有在所有侧处紧挨地、完全地且气密地包围所述芯的包裹部,
其中,所述包裹部具有至少一个气密的屏障层,
其中,
所述包裹部在所述真空隔绝板的外部面的至少一个区域中在所述屏障层外部上或在处于所述屏障层外部上的中间层上具有由耐热的材料组成的保护层,
通过如下特征来解决:
所述耐热的保护层由云母颗粒组成,
所述耐热的保护层的云母颗粒在面型的载体材料上施加并固定,
所述面型的载体材料由处于所述屏障层上的中间层形成,在多层的实施的情况下由处于最外部的屏障层上的中间层形成,并且
所述云母颗粒在所述面型的载体材料上通过粘合剂预固定,并且通过外部的覆盖层来覆盖和固定。
根据本发明,所述真空隔绝板的包裹部的耐热的设计方案不通过将外部的层的材料与热耐抗的和/或阻挡火焰的添加物混合来实现。
相反地,将由耐热的材料组成的独立的保护层施加到所述屏障层上或施加到处于所述屏障层外部上的中间层上。涉及专门的保护层,所述保护层在其防火作用方面得到优化。
如下变型方案适用于除了根据本发明加入的耐热的保护层之外的其余包裹部,所述变型方案在前面详细地探讨的现有技术中说明,从而能够总体上参考现有技术。
所提到的类型的真空隔绝板能够具有不同的形状。通常形状是平坦的片形的外形。但是,真空隔绝板也以其它的形状已知,例如弯曲的或成角度的或在不同的区段中带有不同的厚度。本发明适用于真空隔绝板的所有形状。
根据本发明,所述耐热的保护层在外部施加在所述真空隔绝板的外部面的至少一个区域中。所述保护层的单侧的施加在如下真空隔绝板的情况下是足够的,所述真空隔绝板在确定的定向下装入。然而优选的是,整个包裹部设有所述耐热的保护层,从而无关紧要的是,根据本发明的真空隔绝板在哪个定向下装入。
所述耐热的保护层能够通过如下方式施加到所述屏障层上或施加到处于所述屏障层外部上的中间层上,即,就地施加所述耐热的保护层的原料。然而优选的是(因为由此得到更好的操纵),将所述耐热的保护层实施为能独立地操纵的薄膜并且与其余包裹部通过粘接部持久地连接。
粘接部在本发明的教导的意义下包括附加的粘接剂的使用在内,但是也包括熔胶、尤其是热熔胶的使用,或包括通过熔化所述耐热的保护层和/或所述屏障层和/或所述中间层的材料本身所实现的焊接,以为了相互连接的目的。双层的粘接带或有粘接能力的覆层的使用也落在所述定义之下。
现在在特别优选的第一实施方式中设置成,所述耐热的保护层基本上由利用粘合剂来固定的尤其基于金云母或白云母的云母颗粒组成。也将其称为“合成云母”(例如见Schröcke,Weiner“矿物学”,Walter de Gruyter,1981,以及维基百科,关键词“Kunstglimmer”)。在英语地区,这类基于云母的原料也被称为“云母原料”或“云母薄膜”(维基百科,关键词“Mica”以及关键词“Phlogopit”和“Muskovit”)。
基本上由利用粘合剂来固定的云母颗粒组成的层已经使用在现有技术中,例如用作为用于加热线材或面加热元件的载体材料。当前所述层起其它作用,即用于保护由其所覆盖的原料,用于总体上保护所述真空隔绝板。
就此而言,在经优化的操纵的意义下,一个优选的实施方式的特征在于,所述耐热的保护层的云母颗粒施加并固定在面型的载体材料上,尤其施加并固定在玻璃纤维编织物或针织物上或施加并固定在合成材料薄膜、尤其是PET薄膜上。对于金云母尤其将玻璃纤维编织物或针织物考虑作为载体材料,对于白云母尤其将PET薄膜考虑作为载体材料。以这种方式能够将小片状的云母颗粒利用其粘合剂良好地进行操纵。
首要地将由现有技术已知的不同产地的合成树脂或合成橡胶考虑作为粘合剂(例如基于SBR-苯乙烯-丁二烯-橡胶的接触胶;例如商品名称“GLUKON”)。
在一个优选的实施方式中,所述面型的载体材料由处于所述屏障层上的中间层形成,在多层的实施的情况下由处于最外部的屏障层上的中间层形成。由此,所述保护层变成所述包裹部本身的整体式的组成部分。
原则上,首先能够将所述云母颗粒松散地放下在所述面型的载体材料上。但是,即使在所述真空隔绝板或用于真空隔绝板的包裹部的制造的这个阶段中也能够优选已经通过粘合剂(如前面所描述的那样)预固定所述云母颗粒。
进一步地,推荐的是,在最终状态下,所述云母颗粒在所述面型的载体材料上通过尤其由PET组成的外部的保护层来覆盖和固定。前面所阐释的变型方案适用于所述保护层的施加。
尽管直接邻近屏障层地使用所述云母颗粒,然而在根据本发明的真空隔绝板的耐用性方面不存在问题,这绝对是该新研发方案的令人惊讶的结果。
对于基本上由利用粘合剂来固定的云母颗粒组成的耐热的保护层而言,推荐在20μm至300μm、优选50μm至150μm的数量级下的厚度。这对于当前类型的典型的防火要求而言是足够的。
在一个替代方案中也能够设置成,所述耐热的保护层基本上由在热作用的情况下发泡的材料组成。这种类型的隔热的保护层由现有技术也作为防火薄膜已知(热塑性聚烯烃,填充以无机的防火焰保护剂、例如碱式硅酸盐、例如商品名称“Cello HL FirestopR”)。
在前面阐释的实施例中,需要更大的厚度来实现相应的防火作用,即约0.5mm至5mm、优选2mm至3mm的厚度。
一种用于真空隔绝板(作为带有前面所描述的特性的这样的真空隔绝板)的包裹薄膜也是本发明的主题。
附图说明
在下面借助仅仅示出实施例的附图更详细地阐释本发明。在阐释所述实施例的过程中,也描述本发明的教导的特别优选的变型方案和修改方案。
在附图中,
图1以示意性的图示示出根据本发明的真空隔绝板的第一实施例,
图2以示意性的图示示出根据本发明的真空隔绝板的第二实施例,
图3以示意性的图示示出根据本发明的真空隔绝板的第三实施例,
图4以示意性的图示示出根据本发明的用于真空隔绝板的包裹薄膜的一个实施例,
图5以示意性的图示示出根据本发明的用于真空隔绝板的包裹薄膜的另一个实施例。
在图中,尺寸不是按比例的,而是强烈地夸大,以便能够良好地阐释构造。
具体实施方式
在图1中所示出的第一实施例示出真空隔绝板,所述真空隔绝板带有由有敞开孔的材料组成的芯1和在所有侧处紧挨地、完全地且气密地包围所述芯1的包裹部2。如能够由在图1中的局部看出的(所述局部就此而言对于其它图也是有代表性的),所述包裹部2具有至少一个气密的屏障层3。在所示出的且优选的实施例中,所述屏障层由例如在由现有技术已知的5μm至10μm的层厚度的薄的金属化部组成,该金属化部由铝组成。在所示出的实施例中,在所述屏障层3外部上看到由PET组成的在例如15μm的厚度的中间层4。此外,在所示出的实施例中,在所述屏障层3内侧处看到由合成材料组成的、此处尤其由聚乙烯组成的、在此处50μm的厚度的密封层5。
如对于现有技术已经阐释的,所述密封层5或者直接地贴靠在芯1处,或者还有另一个优选由合成材料编织物或针织物或由纸组成的中间层处于在所述密封层5与所述芯1之间,就如上面对于现有技术提到的那样。
图1示出连贯的包裹部2,因为涉及示意性的图示。然而,非常常见地设置由两个面型的包裹部件组成的或甚至由多个包裹部件组成的包裹部2,所述包裹部件以其密封层在边缘侧环绕地彼此靠放并且相互通过密封部气密地连接。
就所述屏障层3所涉及的,参考所述DE 20 2014 002 192 U1,其中,说明许多针对所述屏障层3的不同的构造的示例,所述构造也能够在本发明的教导的范围内使用。相应的内容适用于所述包裹部2的在该处所描述的构造,总体上也适用于所述芯1的构成,所有所述构造或构成也能够在本发明的教导的范围内使用。
在图1中现在进一步地表明,所述包裹部2在所述真空隔绝板的外部面的至少一个区域中在所述屏障层3外部上或在处于所述屏障层3外部上的中间层4上具有由耐热的材料组成的保护层6。在图1中,在所述真空隔绝板上方、即在所述真空隔绝板的主面上方看到所述耐热的保护层6。
与此相对,在图2的实施例中能够看到,此处整个包裹部2设有所述耐热的保护层6。
借助图1能够良好地理解,根据本发明的优选的教导在操纵技术上特别合乎目的的是,所述耐热的保护层6实施为能独立地操纵的薄膜并且与其余包裹部2通过粘接部持久地连接。就此而言,在所述“粘接部”的概念方面能够参考在说明书引言中为此所做的阐释。
在图1和2的实施例中,现在具体地设置成,所述耐热的保护层6基本上由利用粘合剂来固定的尤其基于金云母或白云母的云母颗粒组成。
原则上能够考虑是,所述隔热的保护层6由云母颗粒例如通过如下方式来制造,即,将所述云母颗粒均匀地撒上到所述包裹部2的设有有粘接能力的粘合剂的表面上。这是所述保护层6在一定程度上就地的设置。
前面所说到的变型方案将处于所述屏障层3上的中间层4或(在多层的实施的情况下)将处于最外部的屏障层3上的中间层4用作为面型的载体材料,所述载体材料用于在其上均匀地分布的云母颗粒。所述云母颗粒能够如前面所示出的那样预固定在所述面型的载体材料上。
根据优选的教导,处于所述面型的载体材料上的云母颗粒通过外部的覆盖层6'来覆盖和固定,其中,所述外部的覆盖层6'优选由PET组成。
在本说明书的一般的部分中已经描述的带有能独立地操纵的薄膜的变型方案也是合乎目的的。就此而言,在图1和图2的实施例中优选设置成,将所述耐热的保护层6的云母颗粒施加并固定在面型的载体材料上,尤其施加并固定在玻璃纤维编织物或针织物上或施加并固定在合成材料薄膜、尤其是PET薄膜上。为此,在本说明书的一般的部分中能够参考该阐释内容。
就在图1和2的实施例的情况下所述保护层6的优选的厚度所涉及的,推荐的是,所述耐热的保护层6的厚度在20μm与300μm之间、优选在50μm与150μm之间。
图3示出根据本发明的真空隔绝板的另一个实施例,在所述实施例中即设置成,所述耐热的保护层6基本上由在热作用的情况下发泡的材料组成。在这种情况下,所述保护层6的优选的厚度明显大于在图1和2的实施例中的厚度,即处在0.5mm至5mm、优选处在2mm至3mm。
图4示出本发明的再次放大的另外的特点。图4示意性地示出穿过用于真空隔绝板的包裹薄膜的剖切图,所述包裹薄膜在所述屏障层3外部上或在处于所述屏障层3外部上的中间层4上带有由耐热的材料组成的保护层6。在图4中,对于能作为薄膜加工的包裹部2,在下方作为示例首先看到由聚乙烯组成的厚度约50μm的密封层5,在所述密封层之上看到分别带有在PET中间层4上的金属化部组合的三层屏障层3,每层大约15μm的厚度,并且在其上直接地施加由利用粘合剂来固定的云母颗粒组成的保护层6,所述保护层6带有约50μm的厚度。图4的整个包裹薄膜此时具有近似150μm的厚度并且包含一系列层,这一系列层与极高的防火要求相配。所述用于真空隔绝板的包裹薄膜此时能够直接地用作为用于真空隔绝板的包裹部2。
在图5中所示出的实施例示出在图4中所示出的实施例的变型方案。此处,由耐热的材料组成的上方的保护层6由直接地处于最外部的中间层4上的云母颗粒6''和由PET组成的外部的覆盖层6'来形成,所述云母颗粒此处利用粘合剂来预固定,所述覆盖层覆盖并固定所述云母颗粒6''。在图5中出于图示方面的原因仅显示上方的中间层4的上方区域。
附图标记列表
1 芯
2 包裹部
3 屏障层
4 中间层
5 密封层
6 保护层
6' 覆盖层
6'' 云母颗粒。
Claims (17)
1.真空隔绝板,
带有由有敞开孔的材料组成的芯(1),并且
带有在所有侧处紧挨地、完全地且气密地包围所述芯(1)的包裹部(2),
其中,所述包裹部(2)具有至少一个气密的屏障层(3),
其中,
所述包裹部(2)在所述真空隔绝板的外部面的至少一个区域中在所述屏障层(3)外部上或在处于所述屏障层(3)外部上的中间层(4)上具有由耐热的材料组成的保护层(6),
其特征在于,
所述耐热的保护层(6)基本上由云母颗粒组成,
所述耐热的保护层(6)的云母颗粒在面型的载体材料上施加并固定,
所述面型的载体材料由处于所述屏障层(3)上的中间层(4)形成,在多层的实施的情况下由处于最外部的屏障层(3)上的中间层(4)形成,并且
所述云母颗粒在所述面型的载体材料上通过粘合剂预固定,并且通过外部的覆盖层(6')来覆盖和固定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的真空隔绝板,其特征在于,
所述包裹部(2)在所述屏障层(3)内侧处具有由合成材料组成的密封层(5),并且所述密封层(5)直接地贴靠在所述芯(1)处或贴靠在至少一个内部的中间层处。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空隔绝板,其特征在于,
所述包裹部(2)由两个面型的包裹部件组成,所述包裹部件以其密封层(5)在边缘侧环绕地彼此靠放并且相互通过密封部气密地连接。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空隔绝板,其特征在于,
整个包裹部(2)设有所述耐热的保护层(6)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空隔绝板,其特征在于,
所述耐热的保护层(6)实施为能独立地操纵的薄膜并且与其余包裹部(2)通过粘接部持久地连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的真空隔绝板,其特征在于,
所述云母颗粒基于金云母或白云母。
7.根据权利要求1所述的真空隔绝板,其特征在于,
所述云母颗粒利用粘合剂来固定。
8.根据权利要求1所述的真空隔绝板,其特征在于,
所述耐热的保护层(6)的云母颗粒在玻璃纤维编织物或针织物上或在合成材料薄膜上或在PET薄膜上施加并固定。
9.根据权利要求1所述的真空隔绝板,其特征在于,
所述外部的覆盖层(6')由PET组成。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空隔绝板,其特征在于,
所述耐热的保护层(6)的厚度在20μm与300μm之间。
11.根据权利要求10所述的真空隔绝板,其特征在于,
所述耐热的保护层(6)的厚度在50μm与150μm之间。
12.用于真空隔绝板的包裹薄膜,所述包裹薄膜带有至少一个气密的屏障层(3),
其特征在于,
所述包裹薄膜在所述屏障层(3)外部上或在处于所述屏障层(3)外部上的中间层(4)上具有由耐热的材料组成的保护层(6),并且
所述耐热的保护层(6)由云母颗粒组成,
所述耐热的保护层(6)的云母颗粒在面型的载体材料上施加并固定,
所述面型的载体材料由处于所述屏障层(3)上的中间层(4)形成,在多层的实施的情况下由处于最外部的屏障层(3)上的中间层(4)形成,并且
所述云母颗粒在所述面型的载体材料上通过粘合剂预固定,并且通过外部的覆盖层(6')来覆盖和固定。
13.根据权利要求12所述的包裹薄膜,其特征在于,
所述耐热的保护层(6)由云母颗粒组成,所述云母颗粒直接地施加到所述屏障层(3)上或施加到处于所述屏障层(3)外部上的中间层(4)上并且固定在所述屏障层或中间层上。
14.根据权利要求13所述的包裹薄膜,其特征在于,
所述云母颗粒利用粘合剂来固定和/或通过外部的覆盖层(6')来覆盖和固定。
15.根据权利要求12所述的包裹薄膜,其特征在于,
所述耐热的保护层(6)基本上由在热作用的情况下发泡的材料组成,所述耐热的保护层直接地施加到所述屏障层(3)上或施加到处于所述屏障层(3)外部上的中间层(4)上,并且固定在所述屏障层或中间层上。
16.根据权利要求13所述的包裹薄膜,其特征在于,
所述云母颗粒基于金云母或白云母。
17.根据权利要求14所述的包裹薄膜,其特征在于,
所述外部的覆盖层(6')由PET组成。
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USD821824S1 (en) | 2017-05-16 | 2018-07-03 | Yeti Coolers, Llc | Insulating device |
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US6627561B1 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2003-09-30 | Johns Manville International, Inc. | Burn through and flame propagation resistant layer or covering |
DE10058566C2 (de) | 2000-08-03 | 2002-10-31 | Va Q Tec Ag | Folienumhüllter, evakuierter Wärmedämmkörper und Herstellungsverfahren für diesen |
US7537817B2 (en) * | 2003-04-18 | 2009-05-26 | Panasonic Corporation | Vacuum heat insulator and apparatuses using the same |
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WO2014133037A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-26 | 2014-09-04 | マグ・イゾベール株式会社 | 真空断熱材 |
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