CN110418577A - 一种在热处理时抑制还原糖异构化的方法 - Google Patents
一种在热处理时抑制还原糖异构化的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110418577A CN110418577A CN201880018599.8A CN201880018599A CN110418577A CN 110418577 A CN110418577 A CN 110418577A CN 201880018599 A CN201880018599 A CN 201880018599A CN 110418577 A CN110418577 A CN 110418577A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种通过在热处理之前酸化含有还原糖的水溶液从而在热处理所述糖水溶液时抑制所述还原糖在糖水溶液中的异构化的方法,以及经热处理的含有所述还原糖的水溶液用于生产生物产品的用途。
Description
本发明涉及包括热处理含有至少一种还原糖的水溶液的方法。更具体地,本发明涉及在热处理含有还原糖的水溶液时防止还原糖在水溶液中异构化的方法。
背景技术
保持无菌环境通常是在生物技术生产过程中培养细胞的先决条件。然而,这些过程通常易于发生外来细菌、真菌或病毒的外来生长(foreign growth)。被外来微生物污染会对生产过程产生严重影响,这是因为它会影响生产力(由于原料、所需产品或所需生物质的降解或改性而导致生产能力下降,以及延长生物反应器关闭时间以便去除污染物)、产品质量和产品安全性(由于外来生长本身和/或由不希望的微生物产生的代谢物所引起的最终产品的污染)。
由于微生物的普遍存在的性质以及微生物经多个途径进入生产过程,防止生物产品及其生产过程中的外来生长是具有挑战性的。已经开发了各种方法用于灭菌设备(例如发酵罐的内部)、生长培养基以及必须用于生物技术生产过程的生长培养基的任何补充物。
已知几种方法用于对化合物或组合物进行灭菌,以及用于从待用于生物技术生产过程的进料(supply)中清除外来微生物。这些方法包括气体灭菌(例如使用臭氧或环氧乙烷)、辐射灭菌(例如紫外辐射或γ辐射)、强光/脉冲光灭菌以及液体和溶液的无菌过滤,特别是热敏性或含有至少一种热敏性化合物的液体和溶液的无菌过滤。
已知任何耐热进料的热处理是最可靠和有效的灭菌方法,并且湿热被最广泛地用于实现热灭菌。湿热(蒸汽)灭菌是指将待灭菌的组分暴露于加压蒸汽一段时间。用于灭菌设备和进料的常规湿热灭菌方案使其在115℃至140℃下经受高压饱和蒸汽约60至3分钟。所述灭菌方案可根据生物负载和待灭菌的原料、溶液或表面的性质而变化。
从根本上说,通过不适当的灭菌方法损坏组分可能会影响生物技术生产过程的质量、安全性或生产力,因此必须避免。特别是由于使用热、辐射或化学品的灭菌方法,流体可能经历各种化学反应。
所述化学反应的复杂性通过热处理乳来举例说明,热处理乳通常用于降低微生物负荷或使乳中的酶失活,因此延长乳的保质期。已知发生美拉德(Maillard)反应,其影响乳在121.1℃下常规灭菌20分钟后的颜色和味道。此外,已知蛋白质或维生素的变性或失活以及醛糖(aldo sugar)与氨基酸或含氨基的物质的反应由于乳的热处理而发生。此外,众所周知,乳糖(4-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-D-吡喃葡萄糖,CAS号:63-42-3)——乳的主要成分——由于热处理而异构化为乳果糖(4-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-D-呋喃果糖,CAS号:4618-18-2),并且进一步降解为葡萄糖和半乳糖以及其他降解产物,例如酸。碱性pH有利于这种类型的异构化,其也称为Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein转化。
为了限制热量对乳的质量和组成的不良影响,使用了替代的灭菌方法,例如“超高温处理”,其中乳暴露于140℃几秒钟至几分钟;或“低温巴氏灭菌”,其中将乳加热至最高达74℃的温度。然而,在这些替代的灭菌方法期间,也发生不希望的热介导的反应,尽管程度较小。
这可通过在120℃灭菌10分钟之前将初始pH值为6.70的生脱脂乳的pH值调节为6.59至6.72而进一步改善。这导致——与原始乳中的乳果糖形成相比——在pH 6.59下乳果糖形成减少28%,在pH 6.72下乳果糖形成增加9%。
在人乳低聚糖如2′-岩藻糖基乳糖、3-岩藻糖基乳糖、乳-N-四糖、乳-N-新四糖、3′-唾液乳糖或6′-唾液乳糖的生物技术生产中,乳糖通常用作其他糖基化步骤的初始受体分子,导致产生所需的HMO。为了防止发酵液中的外来生长,所供应的乳糖必须进行灭菌。然而,必须避免发酵液中存在乳果糖,因为它是已知的泻药,其不应存在于婴儿配方物或任何其他补充有所述HMO的营养产品中。此外,乳果糖可被产生HMO的细菌用作替代的受体分子,从而产生自然界中不存在的低聚糖。
作为热处理的替代方案,可通过过滤对乳糖溶液进行灭菌。通常,将含有1mM至1M乳糖的溶液无菌过滤。然而,与热灭菌相比,通过过滤对工业规模生产所需的大量溶液进行灭菌是昂贵、耗时且不太可靠的。因此,需要一种可靠的、更方便的乳糖灭菌方法,其中不存在或仅存在微量的乳糖至乳果糖的转化。
所述目的通过一种方法实现,其中在将乳糖溶液暴露于热之前和/或期间调节乳糖溶液的酸性pH,尽管在热处理之前酸化糖溶液的原理也可应用于除乳糖以外的其他糖类。
发明内容
第一方面,本发明提供一种通过在热处理之前和/或期间酸化含有还原糖的水溶液来抑制在热处理所述水溶液时还原糖在所述水溶液中的异构化的方法。
第二方面,本发明提供经热处理的含有至少一种还原糖的水溶液。
第三方面,本发明提供经热处理的含有至少一种还原糖的水溶液在生物产品的生物技术生产中的用途。
第四方面,本发明提供生产生物产品的方法,其中使用经热处理的含有至少一种还原糖的水溶液。
第五方面,本发明提供一种利用经热处理的含有至少一种还原糖的水溶液通过生物技术生产而生产的生物产品。
另一方面,本发明提供利用经热处理的含有至少一种还原糖的水溶液通过生物技术生产而生产的生物产品用于制备制剂的用途。
另一方面,本发明提供一种包含利用经热处理的含有至少一种还原糖的水溶液通过生物技术生产而生产的生物产品的制剂。
附图说明
图1示出了(A)在加热灭菌之前和(B)在加热灭菌之后含有乳糖的水溶液的色谱图。在加热灭菌之前,水溶液未酸化。图1C示出了用作标准品的多种具体糖的色谱图。
图2示出了在(A)加热灭菌之前和(B)在加热灭菌之后含有乳糖的水溶液的色谱图。在加热灭菌之前,通过向含有乳糖的水溶液中加入硫酸,将水溶液酸化。图2C示出了用作标准品的多种具体糖的色谱图。
具体实施方式
根据第一方面,提供一种在热处理含有还原糖的水溶液(糖水溶液)时抑制所述还原糖在所述糖水溶液中的异构化的方法,该方法包括在热处理之前和/或期间酸化糖水溶液的步骤。
本文所用的术语“还原糖”是指能够用作还原剂的任何糖(sugar)或糖(saccharide),因为其具有游离的醛基。还原糖包括单糖、二糖和低聚糖。所有单糖都是还原糖,其可分为具有醛基的醛糖和具有酮基的酮糖。酮糖必须首先互变为醛糖,然后才可用作还原糖。二糖由两个单糖残基形成,低聚糖由三至七个单糖残基形成。二糖和低聚糖可分为还原或非还原的。还原二糖如乳糖和麦芽糖仅具有糖苷键中所涉及的两个异头碳(anomeric carbon)之一,这意味着其可转化为具有醛基的开链形式。
在其他和/或替代实施方案中,还原糖选自醛糖、二糖和低聚糖。
本文所用的术语“醛糖”是指每分子仅含有一个醛基的单糖。醛糖的实例为D-(+)-甘油醛、D-(-)-赤藓糖、D-(-)-苏糖、D-(-)-核糖、D-(-)-阿拉伯糖、D-(+)-木糖、D-(-)-来苏糖、D-(+)-阿洛糖、D-(+)-阿卓糖、D-(+)-葡萄糖、D-(+)-甘露糖、D-(-)-古洛糖、D-(-)-艾杜糖、D-(+)-半乳糖、D-(+)-塔罗糖。
在其他和/或替代实施方案中,二糖选自乳糖、麦芽糖、海藻糖、纤维二糖、壳二糖、曲二糖、黑曲霉糖、异麦芽糖、槐糖、昆布二糖、龙胆二糖(gentibiose)、松二糖、matulose、帕拉金糖、龙胆二糖、甘露二糖、蜜二糖、melibiulose、芸香二糖、rutinulose和木二糖。
本文所用的术语“低聚糖”是指由3、4、5、6或7个单糖残基组成的糖,因此包含三糖、四糖、五糖、六糖和七糖。
为了获得糖水溶液,将一定量的至少一种还原糖溶解在大量水中。所述水可选自蒸馏水、双蒸水、去离子水、地下水、河水、海水、自来水、市政用水和含盐水。如本文所用的术语“含盐水”是指一种或多种盐的水溶液。在其他和/或替代实施方案中,糖水溶液不包含选自蛋白质、多肽、核酸(例如DNA和/或RNA)和脂质(例如脂肪酸,单甘油、二甘油和/或三甘油)中的一种或多种。
在所述方法的实施方案中,将糖水溶液酸化至pH值为约1至约6,优选pH值为约2至约5,更优选pH值为约3至约4。发现,糖水溶液的pH值为约3至约5是特别有利的,这是因为还原糖的异构化被抑制或甚至被阻止,同时所述还原糖的降解产物的形成可忽略不计。
在其他和/或替代实施方案中,通过向糖水溶液中加入酸来酸化糖水溶液。酸可为不与还原糖发生不希望的化学反应的任何酸。这种不希望的化学反应的实例为——如果向乳糖水溶液中加入硝酸——粘酸的形成。
酸可选自有机酸和无机酸,条件是如果还原糖为半乳糖或含半乳糖的糖,则无机酸不为硝酸(或亚硝酸),这是因为半乳糖或含有半乳糖的化合物如乳糖的硝酸氧化会产生粘酸。
在其他和/或替代实施方案中,用于酸化糖水溶液的至少一种酸为无机酸(inorganic acid)或无机酸(mineral acid)。无机酸是合适的无机酸,其——以加入糖水溶液中的量——不会无意地与糖反应。例如,向乳糖水溶液中加入硝酸可能产生粘酸。无机酸优选选自盐酸、硫酸、亚硫酸、磷酸、硼酸、氢氟酸、氢溴酸、高氯酸、氢碘酸和碳酸。
在其中无机酸为碳酸的实施方案中,可以将糖水溶液在加压容器中用二氧化碳充气,来酸化糖水溶液。
在其他和/或替代实施方案中,用于酸化糖水溶液的至少一种酸为有机酸。有机酸可选自一元羧酸、二元羧酸和三元羧酸。
在其他和/或替代实施方案中,一元羧酸选自,但不限于,碳酸、甲酸(formicacid)(甲酸(methanoic acid))、乙酸(acetic acid)(乙酸(ethanoic acid))、丙酸(proprionic acid)(丙酸(propanoic acid))、丁酸(butyric acid)(丁酸(butanoicacid))和戊酸(valeric acid)(戊酸(pentanoic acid))。
在其他和/或替代实施方案中,二元羧酸选自草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、马来酸、苹果酸、富马酸、戊烯二酸、己二烯二酸和柠康酸。
在其他和/或替代实施方案中,三元羧酸选自柠檬酸、异柠檬酸和乌头酸。
将糖溶液的pH调节至酸值允许在没有还原糖的异构化或至少减少还原糖的异构化的情况下,在水溶液中热处理还原糖。
本文所用的术语“热处理”包括加温或加热和/或将糖水溶液保持在升高的温度,即高于室温(21℃)的温度。糖水溶液的热处理包括在酸化之后和/或在酸化同时将糖水溶液加热至约30℃、约40℃、约50℃、约60℃、约70℃或甚至约80℃的温度,还包括将糖水溶液保持在这样的温度——任选地在加热到甚至更高的温度之后——很长时间,即几小时或甚至几天,例如——但不限于此——约20小时、约30小时、约40小时、约50小时、约60小时、约72小时或甚至更长。
在这样的高温下加热和/或保持含有还原糖的水溶液而没有还原糖的异构化或还原糖的异构化显著减少提供了多种优点,例如选择将更高量的糖溶解在给定量的水中,因此增加水溶液中的糖浓度并减少待供应至批料的糖水溶液的体积,以获得所需的最终糖浓度。另外地和/或可选地,通过在升高的温度下糖水溶液加热/保持,可以降低糖水溶液的粘度,从而有利于糖水溶液的处理和/或泵送,例如通过膜滤器。
本文所用的术语“热处理”还包括在升高的温度下加热和/或保持糖水溶液一段时间,所述温度适于对糖水溶液进行灭菌。因此,“热处理”还包括将糖水溶液加热至约——但不限于——115℃至150℃的温度,并保持该温度最多达约60分钟。
在用于对糖水溶液进行灭菌的热处理的实施方案中,通过高压灭菌法对糖水溶液进行灭菌。高压灭菌法是最重要的微生物破坏方法之一,其中使用饱和的过热蒸汽。蒸汽在待灭菌的对象上的冷凝释放能量,这会对微生物造成不可逆的损害。为了实现这一目的,高压釜的内部在初始上升时间内是通气的。在这种情况下,大气从内部排出并被饱和的过热蒸汽替代。通过流动过程或分段通气进行通气;通气完成后,关闭通气阀。这标志着补偿时间的开始。在此期间之后,由于饱和蒸汽的作用,待灭菌的物品的每个点都达到所需温度。此后,实际的灭菌阶段开始。灭菌的持续时间取决于微生物负荷和灭菌温度。在121.1℃(250°F)下高压灭菌15分钟至30分钟被视为标准。营养形式(vegetative form)——包括原核生物和真核生物以及病毒/噬菌体——通常可在65℃-100℃的温度下在几分钟内被灭活,而存活形式(survival form)如孢子可能需要在最高达140℃的温度下进行处理。朊病毒需要在132℃-134℃和3bar压力下至少30分钟才能被灭活或破坏。在灭菌时间之后开始随后的冷却阶段,且因此高压灭菌循环结束。
在用于对糖水溶液进行灭菌的热处理的替代实施方案中,通过称为“超高温处理”的方法——连续灭菌方法——对糖水溶液进行灭菌,所述方法包括将糖水溶液加热至130℃-150℃的温度,其中140℃为主要点。相应的保持时间可在8至40秒之间变化,偶尔至最高达5分钟,这取决于待灭菌的溶液的性质。
在用于对糖水溶液进行灭菌的热处理的另一实施方案中,将糖水溶液进行高温/短时间(HTST)巴氏杀菌,其中将溶液加热至71.5℃至74℃、优选至72℃的温度,保持约15秒至约30秒,并在经受所述热处理的同时以受控的连续流动方式移动。
在用于对糖水溶液进行灭菌的热处理的另一实施方案中,将糖水溶液进行“瞬时巴氏灭菌”,其中糖水溶液经受71.7℃持续15秒。
在将糖水溶液进行任何这些热处理之前和/或在用于对糖水溶液进行灭菌的热处理期间,酸化还原糖的水溶液可抑制或甚至阻止在热处理时还原糖在水溶液中的异构化。
因此,根据第二方面,提供含有至少一种还原糖的经热处理的水溶液,其通过第一方面的方法获得,即通过抑制所述还原糖在所述还原糖的水溶液中异构化的方法获得,所述方法包括在热处理所述糖水溶液之前和/或期间酸化糖水溶液。
经热处理的含有至少一种还原糖的水溶液通过在热处理之前和/或期间酸化糖水溶液而得到,并且与在相同热处理之前未酸化的相同还原糖的类似水溶液相比,不含或含有至少较少量的所述至少一种还原糖的不希望的异构化产物。
在第二方面的实施方案中,含有还原糖的水溶液是无菌水溶液。含有还原糖的无菌水溶液通过如上所述的抑制所述还原糖的异构化的方法获得,包括对所述糖水溶液进行热处理以对所述糖水溶液进行灭菌。因此,水溶液通过热处理被灭菌。
在其他和/或替代实施方案中,含有还原糖的水溶液具有升高的温度,即约30℃、约40℃、约50℃、约60℃、约70℃或甚至约80℃的温度,并且所含有的还原糖的量高于在室温下可溶于水中的所述还原糖的量。例如,如果酸化的乳糖水溶液的温度保持在约40℃至约60℃,则提供含有浓度≥10mM、优选浓度≥100mM、更优选浓度≥0.66M、最优选浓度≥1M的乳糖的水溶液。
含有至少一种还原糖如乳糖——其量高于在室温下可溶于水中的糖的量——的糖水溶液可以是无菌的乳糖水溶液,其通过如上所述的用于灭菌的热处理进行灭菌并且可冷却至所需的高温,其中无菌糖水溶液保持在所述高温。
根据第三方面,本发明提供如上文所述的经热处理的含有还原糖的水溶液在生物产品的生物技术生产中的用途。生物产品的生产
在实施方案中,经热处理的含有还原糖的水溶液在生物产品的生物技术生产中的用途包括在生物催化生产过程中的用途。
本文所用的术语“生物催化生产过程”应理解为是指生产生物产品的过程,其中一种或多种纯化或分离的酶在体外反应中与一种或多种离析物接触,以将一种或多种离析物转化为所需的生物产品。
在替代实施方案中,经热处理的含有还原糖的水溶液的用途包括在发酵生产过程中的用途。本文所用的术语“发酵生产过程”是指其中微生物在培养基或肉汤(broth)中生长的过程,目的是产生由微生物合成的生物产品或特殊产品。
使用经热处理的含有至少一种还原糖的水溶液——其中在热处理糖水溶液之前和/或期间,如上文所述酸化糖水溶液——是有利的,特别地,优势在于:在糖水溶液中不存在或较少存在不希望的还原糖的异构化产物;以及与在热处理之前未酸化的类似的糖水溶液相比,没有或较少的不希望的异构化产物被供应到生物技术生产过程中。因此,在将热处理的糖水溶液用于生物技术生产过程之前,没有必要从其中除去不希望的异构化产物。
根据第四方面,本发明提供用于生物产品的生物技术生产的方法。
在用于生物产品的生物技术生产的方法的实施方案中,所述方法为生物催化生产方法。所述方法包括以下步骤:
-提供至少一种纯化酶;
-在经热处理的糖水溶液的存在下使至少一种纯化酶与一种或多种离析物接触,以发生反应从而将一种或多种离析物转化为所需的生物产品,所述糖水溶液在热处理之前和/或期间如上文所述被酸化;和
-任选地,纯化生物产品。
在一个实施方案中,糖水溶液的至少一种还原糖代表生物催化生产过程的离析物。
在生物技术生产过程的替代实施方案中,所述方法为发酵生产方法。
“发酵(fermentation)”或“发酵(fermentative)”是指微生物在生长培养基(发酵液)上或其中的大量生长,目的是产生特定的化学产品,即“生物产品”。为此,在生物反应器(发酵罐)中在用于微生物的最佳条件下培养一种或有限数量的微生物菌株的细胞以进行所需生产,其中有限地产生不需要的杂质。生物反应器内部的环境条件如温度、营养物浓度、pH和溶解气体(尤其是用于有氧发酵的氧气)会影响生物体的生长和生产力,因此必要时对其进行监测、控制和调整。
因此,发酵生产生物产品的方法包括以下步骤:
-提供能够生产生物产品的细胞;
-在用于至少一种细胞的含有和/或补充有经热处理的含有至少一种还原糖的水溶液的发酵液中培养至少一种细胞以生产生物产品;和
-任选地从发酵液中纯化生物产品。
在第三方面的用途和/或第四方面的方法的实施方案中,所述活细胞为原核细胞或真核细胞。合适的细胞包括酵母、细菌、古细菌、真菌、昆虫细胞、植物细胞和动物细胞,包括哺乳动物细胞(例如人细胞和细胞系)。
在其他和/或替代实施方案中,原核细胞为细菌细胞,优选选自芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、芽孢乳杆菌属种(Sporolactobacillusspp.)、Micromomospora spp.、微球菌属种(Micrococcus spp.)、红球菌属种(Rhodococcusspp.)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)。合适的细菌物种为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscoagulans)、嗜热芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thermophilus)、侧孢芽孢杆菌(Bacilluslaterosporus)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、蕈状芽孢杆菌(Bacillusmycoides)、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、迟缓芽孢杆菌(Bacilluslentus)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、环状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus circulans)、长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteriumlongum)、婴儿双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteriuminfantis)、两歧双歧杆菌(Biffidobacterium bifidum)、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter freundii)、解纤维梭菌(Clostridium cellulolyticum)、杨氏梭菌(Clostridium ljungdahlii)、产乙醇梭菌(Clostridium autoethanogen um)、丙酮丁醇梭菌(Clostridium acetobutylicum)、谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)、屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)、嗜热肠球菌(Enterococcus thermophiles)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、草生欧文氏菌(Erwiniaherbicola)(成团泛菌(Pantoea agglomerans))、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillusacidophilus)、唾液乳杆菌(Lactobacillus salivarius)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillusplantarum)、瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)、德氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillusdelbrueckii)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)、保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)、卷曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus crispatus)、格氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus gasseri)、干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)、罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)、詹氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus jensenii)、乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)、柠檬泛菌(Pantoea citrea)、软腐果胶杆菌(Pectobacteriumcarotovorum)、费氏丙酸杆菌(Proprionibacterium freudenreichii)、荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophiles)和野油菜黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas campestris)。
在其他和/或替代实施方案中,真核细胞为酵母细胞、昆虫细胞、植物细胞或哺乳动物细胞。酵母细胞优选选自酵母菌属种(Saccharomyces sp.)、特别是酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae),复膜孢酵母属种(Saccharomycopsis sp.),毕赤酵母属种(Pichia sp.)、特别是毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris),汉逊酵母属种(Hansenula sp.),克鲁维酵母菌属(Kluyveromyces sp.),亚罗酵母属种(Yarrowia sp.),红酵母属种(Rhodotorula sp.)和裂殖酵母属种(Schizosaccharomyces sp.)。
在第三方面的用途和/或第四方面的方法的实施方案中,所述生物产品为人乳低聚糖。人乳低聚糖可选自2′-岩藻糖基乳糖、3-岩藻糖基乳糖、2′,3-二岩藻糖基乳糖、乳-N-三糖II、乳-N-四糖、乳-N-新四糖、乳-N-岩藻五糖I、乳-N-新岩藻五糖I、乳-N-岩藻五糖II、乳-N-岩藻五糖III、乳-N-岩藻五糖V、乳-N-新岩藻五糖V、乳-N-二岩藻六糖I、乳-N-二岩藻六糖II、对-乳-N-岩藻糖基六糖、岩藻糖基-乳-N-唾液酰五糖b、岩藻糖基-乳-N-唾液酰五糖c、岩藻糖基-乳-N-唾液酰五糖c、二唾液酰-乳-N-岩藻五糖、3-岩藻糖基-3′-唾液酰乳糖、3-岩藻糖基-6′-唾液酰乳糖、乳-N-新二岩藻六糖I、3′-唾液酰乳糖、6′-唾液酰乳糖、唾液酰乳-N-四糖LST-a、唾液酰乳-N-四糖LST-b、唾液酸乳-N-四糖LST-c和二唾液酰乳-N-四糖。
在第三方面的用途和/或第四方面的方法的其他和/或替代实施方案中,所述还原糖为乳糖。该实施方案是特别有利的,其中必须将乳糖提供给用于活细胞的发酵液以产生所需的人乳低聚糖。在通过第一方面的方法对乳糖水溶液进行加热灭菌时能够减少或避免乳果糖的形成,当HMO制剂用于制备营养配方物,特别是婴儿配方物、药用食品或膳食补充剂时,不需要从HMO制剂中除去乳果糖。
在发酵生产过程中使用经热处理的含有至少一种还原糖的糖水溶液——其中在热处理之前和/或期间,如上文所述酸化糖水溶液——提供额外的优点。首先,本发明可通过加热灭菌方法对含有还原糖的水溶液进行灭菌,而不存在或减少还原糖的异构化。因此,含有还原糖的水溶液不必通过无菌过滤进行灭菌,所述无菌过滤不如加热灭菌可靠(例如对于噬菌体的清除),特别是如果大量的糖水溶液(如几立方米)需要灭菌。此外,大容量的热灭菌比无菌过滤更经济。第二,本发明可提供含有至少一种还原糖的糖水溶液,其中所述至少一种还原糖的浓度高于所述至少一种还原糖在室温下的饱和浓度,这是因为糖水溶液可被加热并保持在高温下,即高于室温的温度。此外,将糖水溶液保持在高温下会降低糖水溶液的粘度,进而简化糖水溶液的处理,例如当通过管道或软管泵送糖水溶液时。第三,能够提供具有增加的糖浓度的糖水溶液,这可在发酵生产过程中获得更高的产品收率。这是因为发酵罐的体积是有限的,并且发酵罐中发酵液的体积在发酵过程中增加,这是由于向发酵液中提供了——尤其是——糖水溶液,所述发酵液中需要糖水溶液以通过所培养的细胞产生所需的生物产品。糖水溶液中糖的浓度越高,需要添加到发酵液中的糖水溶液的体积越小,以获得和/或维持至少一种还原糖在发酵液中的预定浓度。因此,使用本发明的具有增加的糖浓度的糖水溶液,可实现给定的发酵罐中的发酵液中更高的糖浓度,或者可将预定的糖浓度维持更长的时间,这是因为发酵罐中可用于进料的体积更慢地减少。这进而为细胞提供了更多的还原糖以产生所需的生物产品,因此提高了可在单批次发酵中获得的所需生物产品的产率。因此,在发酵过程结束时,可在发酵液中以≥100g/L的量、优选在发酵液中以≥150g/L的量、更优选在发酵液中以≥200g/L的量产生所需的生物产品。例如,当使用经加热灭菌的经酸化的0.66M乳糖水溶液时,获得大于100g/L,即约150g/L的量的2′-岩藻糖基乳糖,并且如果待加入到发酵液中的水溶液中的乳糖浓度进一步增加,则可获得甚至更高的产率。
在第三方面的用途和/或第四方面的方法的另一实施方案中,至少一种还原糖为乳糖,并且所述生物产品选自低聚乳果糖(lactosucrose)和乳糖酸。
因此,根据第五方面,本发明提供通过第四方面的方法之一生产的生物产品。
在一个实施方案中,生物产品为人乳低聚糖,优选地,人乳低聚糖选自2′-岩藻糖基乳糖、3-岩藻糖基乳糖、2′,3-二岩藻糖基乳糖、乳-N-三糖II、乳-N-四糖、乳-N-新四糖、乳-N-岩藻五糖I、乳-N-新岩藻五糖I、乳-N-岩藻五糖II、乳-N-岩藻五糖III、乳-N-岩藻五糖V、乳-N-新岩藻五糖V、乳-N-二岩藻六糖I、乳-N-二岩藻六糖II、对-乳-N-岩藻糖基六糖、岩藻糖基-乳-N-唾液酰五糖b、岩藻糖基-乳-N-唾液酰五糖c、岩藻糖基-乳-N-唾液酰五糖c、二唾液酰-乳-N-岩藻五糖、3-岩藻糖基-3′-唾液酰乳糖、3-岩藻糖基-6′-唾液酰乳糖、乳-N-新二岩藻六糖I、3′-唾液酰乳糖、6′-唾液酰乳糖、唾液酰乳-N-四糖LST-a、唾液酰乳-N-四糖LST-b、唾液酰乳-N-四糖LST-c和二唾液酰乳-N-四糖。
在替代实施方案中,生物产品选自低聚乳果糖和乳糖酸或上述人乳低聚糖的衍生物。
根据另一方面,本发明提供所述生物产品用于制备制剂的用途。
在生物产品用于制备制剂的用途的实施方案中,生物产品为人乳低聚糖,选自2′-岩藻糖基乳糖、3-岩藻糖基乳糖、2′,3-二岩藻糖基乳糖、乳-N-三糖II、乳-N-四糖、乳-N-新四糖、乳-N-岩藻五糖I、乳-N-新岩藻五糖I、乳-N-岩藻五糖II、乳-N-岩藻五糖III、乳-N-岩藻五糖V、乳-N-新岩藻五糖V、乳-N-二岩藻六糖I、乳-N-二岩藻六糖II、对-乳-N-岩藻糖基六糖、岩藻糖基-乳-N-唾液酰五糖b、岩藻糖基-乳-N-唾液酰五糖c、岩藻糖基-乳-N-唾液酰五糖c、二唾液酰-乳-N-岩藻五糖、3-岩藻糖基-3′-唾液酰乳糖、3-岩藻糖基-6′-唾液酰乳糖、乳-N-新二岩藻六糖I、3′-唾液酰乳糖、6′-唾液酰乳糖、唾液酰乳-N-四糖LST-a、唾液酰乳-N-四糖LST-b、唾液酰乳-N-四糖LST-c和二唾液酰乳-N-四糖。该实施方案中的制剂选自营养制剂,优选婴儿配方物、药用食品和膳食补充剂。
如果还原糖为乳糖,则根据第一方面的抑制异构化的方法可提供不含或含有减少量的乳果糖的热灭菌的乳糖溶液,用于发酵生产人乳低聚糖。然后,所述人乳低聚糖可用于制备营养制剂,优选婴儿配方物,其不含或含有较少量的表乳酸(epilactose)、乳果糖和/或乳果糖的衍生物,例如岩藻糖基乳果糖(不需要从HMO制剂除去乳果糖或其衍生物)。
根据另一方面,提供包含至少一种通过如前所述的生物技术生产方法生产的生物产品的制剂。所述制剂优选选自营养制剂,优选婴儿配方物、药用食品和膳食补充剂。
将参照具体实施方案并参考附图来描述本发明,但是本发明不限于此,而是仅由权利要求书限制。此外,说明书和权利要求书中的术语第一、第二等用于区分相似元素,并且不一定用于以时间排序、空间排序或以任何其他方式描述顺序。应理解,如此使用的术语在适当情况下是可互换的,并且本文描述的本发明的实施方案能够以不同于本文描述或说明的顺序操作。
应注意,权利要求书中使用的术语“包括”不应被解释为限于其后列出的手段;它不排除其他元素或步骤。因此,应将其解释为说明所提到的规定特征、整数(integer)、步骤或组件的存在,但不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤或组件或其组合。因此,表述“包括装置A和B的设备”的范围不应限于仅由组件A和B组成的设备。这意味着对于本发明而言,设备的相关的组件仅为A和B。
整个说明书所提及的“一个实施方案”或“实施方案”意指所描述的与实施方案有关的具体特征、结构或特性被包括在本发明的至少一个实施方案中。因此,整个说明书中多处出现的短语“在一个实施方案中”或“在实施方案中”不一定都是指相同的实施方案,但可以是相同的实施方案。此外,在一个或多个实施方案中,具体特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式组合,如本领域普通技术人员从本公开内容中显而易见的。
类似地,应理解,在本发明的示例性实施方案的描述中,本发明的各个特征有时在单个实施方案、附图或其说明中组合在一起,以便简化本公开内容并帮助理解本发明各个方面中的一个或多个。然而,本公开内容的方法不应被解释为反映所要求保护的发明需要比每个权利要求中明确记载的特征更多的特征的意图。相反地,如以下权利要求所反映的,发明方面在于少于前述公开的单个实施方案的所有特征。因此,具体描述之后的权利要求书明确纳入到该具体实施方式中,其中每个权利要求自身作为本发明的单独实施方案。
此外,虽然本文中描述的一些实施方案包括一些特征但不包括其他实施方案所包含的其他特征,但是不同实施方案的特征的组合在本发明的范围内,并且形成不同的实施方案,如本领域技术人员将理解的。例如,在以下权利要求中,任何要求保护的实施方案可以以任何组合使用。
此外,本文将一些实施方案描述为可通过计算机系统的处理器或通过执行该功能的其他装置实现的方法或方法的元素的组合。因此,具有用于执行这种方法或方法的元素的必要指令的处理器形成用于执行方法或方法的元素的装置。
在本文提供的说明书和附图中,阐述了许多具体细节。然而,应理解,可在没有这些具体细节的情况下实践本发明的实施方案。在其他情况下,没有详细示出公知的方法、结构和技术,以免模糊对本说明书的理解。
现在将通过本发明的若干实施方案的详细描述来描述本发明。显然,在不脱离本发明的真实精神或技术教导的情况下,可根据本领域技术人员的知识设置本发明的其他实施方案,本发明仅受所附权利要求书的限制。
实施例1——在加热灭菌之前用有机酸酸化乳糖
通过将226g乳糖溶解在水中制备0.66M乳糖溶液。溶液的最终体积为1升。在30℃至35℃的温度下,通过使用50%(w/v)柠檬酸盐或99%(v/v)乙酸来调节pH。然后,将溶液在立式高压釜(Systec VX-65,Linden,Germany)中在121℃下灭菌20分钟。在加热灭菌之前和之后取样并在通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析之前保持冷冻。使用与Shimadzu HPLC系统连接的RID-10A折射率检测器(Shimadzu,Germany)和Waters XBridge Amide Column 3.5μm(250×4.6mm)(Eschborn,Germany)进行HPLC。在35℃和1.4ml min-1流速下用30%溶剂A(50%(v/v)乙腈的双蒸水溶液,0.1%(v/v)NH4OH)和70%溶剂B(80%(v/v)乙腈的双蒸水溶液,0.1%(v/v)NH4OH)进行等度洗脱。通过在离子交换基质(Strata ABW,Phenomenex)上的固相萃取来澄清样品。将10微升样品(1∶5的稀释)施加到柱上。最后,确定检测到的糖的相对量。如表1和2所示,加热灭菌诱导的乳糖异构化随着在热处理之前溶液的pH值降低而降低。当分别用柠檬酸盐或乙酸进行酸化时,在pH 4.0-3.0或pH 3.0下均未观察到乳果糖形成。乳糖至其单糖的酸催化降解随着pH值的降低而增加,但在pH 4.5时未检测到。
表1:在加热灭菌之前和之后,在pH调节的0.66M乳糖溶液中检测到的糖的相对量。使用50%(w/v)柠檬酸盐进行pH调节。描述的是通过HPLC检测的糖的百分比量(曲线下的面积:AUC)。
表2:在加热灭菌之前和之后,在pH调节的0.66M乳糖溶液中检测到的糖的相对量。使用80%(v/v)乙酸进行pH调节。描述的是通过HPLC检测的糖的百分比量(曲线下的面积;AUC)。
实施例2——在加热灭菌之前用无机酸酸化乳糖
通过将226g乳糖溶解在水中制备0.66M乳糖溶液。溶液的最终体积为1升。在30℃至35℃的温度下,通过使用37%(v/v)盐酸、50%(v/v)磷酸或96%(v/v)硫酸来调节pH。然后,将溶液在立式高压釜(Systec VX-65,Linden,Germany)中在121℃下灭菌20分钟。在加热灭菌之前和之后取样并在通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析之前保持冷冻。使用与ShimadzuHPLC系统连接的RID-10A折射率检测器(Shimadzu,Germany)和Waters XBridge AmideColumn 3.5μm(250×4.6mm)(Eschborn,Germany)进行HPLC。在35℃和1.4ml min-1流速下用30%溶剂A(50%(v/v)乙腈的双蒸水溶液,0.1%(v/v)NH4OH)和70%溶剂B(80%(v/v)乙腈的双蒸水溶液,0.1%(v/v)NH4OH)进行等度洗脱。通过在离子交换基质(StrataABW,Phenomenex)上的固相萃取来澄清样品。将10微升样品(1∶5的稀释液)施加到柱上。最后,确定检测到的糖的相对量。如表3、4和5所示,由于在热处理之前溶液的酸化增加,加热灭菌诱导的乳糖异构化降低。在pH 3.5至3.0时未观察到乳果糖形成。相反,当分别用磷酸和硫酸或盐酸进行酸化时,乳糖至其单糖的酸催化降解随着pH值的降低而增加,但在pH值为4.5-4.0或pH 5.0-4.0时不存在。
表3:在加热灭菌之前和之后,在pH调节的0.66M乳糖溶液中检测到的糖的相对量。使用37%(v/v)盐酸进行pH调节。描述的是通过HPLC检测的糖的百分比量(曲线下的面积;AUC)。
表4:在加热灭菌之前和之后,在pH调节的0.66M乳糖溶液中检测到的糖的相对量。使用50%(v/v)磷酸进行pH调节。描述的是通过HPLC检测的糖的百分比量(曲线下的面积;AUC)。
表5:在加热灭菌之前和之后,在pH调节的0.66M乳糖溶液中检测到的糖的相对量。使用96%(v/v)硫酸进行pH调节。描述的是通过HPLC检测的糖的百分比量(曲线下的面积;AUC)。
实施例3——改进的2′-岩藻糖基乳糖的生产方法
根据欧洲专利申请16196486使用经改造的大肠杆菌(E.coli)BL21(DE3)ΔnagAbΔwcaJΔfuclKΔpfkA菌株,过量表达用于从头合成GDP-岩藻糖的酶(ManB、ManC、Gmd、WcaG)、脆弱拟杆菌(Bacteroides fragilis)的双功能的L-岩藻糖激酶/L-岩藻糖1-磷酸盐鸟苷酰基转移酶、来自大肠杆菌:O126的2-岩藻糖转移酶基因wbgL、乳糖通透酶基因lacY、来自伯氏耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia bercovieri)ATCC 43970的糖外排转运蛋白ybercOOO19420、果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶(fbaB)和来自豌豆(Pisumsativum)的异源果糖-1,6-二磷酸磷酸酶(fbpase)。
将大肠杆菌菌株在3L发酵罐中于33℃下在无机盐培养基中培养,所述培养基含有3g/L KH2PO4、12g/L K2HPO4、5g/L(NH4)2SO4、0.3g/L柠檬酸、2g/L MgSO4×7H2O、0.1g/L NaCl和0.015g/L CaCl2×6H2O,以及1ml/L微量元素溶液(54.4g/L柠檬酸铁铵、9.8g/L MnCl2×4H2O、1.6g/L CoCl2×6H2O、1g/L CuCl2×2H2O、1.9g/L H3BO3、9g/L ZnSO4×7H2O、1.1g/LNa2MoO4×2H2O、1.5g/L Na2SeO3、1.5g/L NiSO4×6H2O)、2%(v/v)甘油作为唯一的碳源和能量源以及60mM的热灭菌的乳糖,其在灭菌之前用96%(v/v)硫酸酸化至pH 3.0。通过滴定25%氨水将pH保持在7.0。使用在缺少乳糖的上述培养基中生长的预培养物,将发酵罐接种至OD600为0.1。离开分批阶段后——由溶解氧水平升高指示,开始甘油进料(60%v/v)以及0.66M乳糖进料(在加热灭菌之前使用96%(v/v)硫酸酸化至pH 3.0)。在发酵过程的整个生产阶段保持10-40mM的乳糖浓度,根据HPLC分析进行调节。以6-8ml/L/h的流速(参考起始体积)加入甘油(60%v/v)。当罐中的填充体积达到其最大值时停止发酵。此时,在发酵液的培养上清液中测定到146g/L的2′-岩藻糖基乳糖效价(titer)。
在使用无菌过滤的乳糖代替酸化的、加热灭菌的乳糖的2′-岩藻糖基乳糖发酵过程中,获得了相当的2′-岩藻糖基乳糖效价。此外,在用无菌过滤或加热灭菌(酸化)的乳糖进行的发酵的培养液中检测到的副产物的种类和数量是相当的。当提供加热灭菌的酸化乳糖用于发酵时,在发酵液中检测不到乳果糖、表乳酸、岩藻糖基乳果糖或岩藻糖基表乳酸的副产物以及可能源自加热灭菌的乳糖的添加的其他副产物。
Claims (18)
1.一种在热处理含有还原糖的糖水溶液时抑制所述还原糖在所述糖水溶液中的异构化的方法,所述方法包括在热处理之前和/或期间酸化所述糖水溶液的步骤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将所述糖水溶液酸化至pH值为约1至约6,优选pH值为约2至约5,更优选pH值为约3至约4。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中通过向所述糖水溶液中加入至少一种酸来酸化糖水溶液。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述酸为无机酸,优选选自盐酸、硫酸、亚硫酸、磷酸、硼酸、氢氟酸、氢溴酸、高氯酸、氢碘酸和碳酸。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述酸为有机酸,优选选自一元羧酸、二元羧酸和三元羧酸。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中所述还原糖选自醛糖、二糖和低聚糖,优选为选自乳糖和麦芽糖的二糖。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述热处理包括将酸化的水溶液暴露于约30℃至约150℃的温度范围。
8.一种经热处理的含有至少一种还原糖的水溶液,其中所述水溶液通过权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法获得。
9.根据权利要求8所述的经热处理的水溶液,其中所述水溶液是无菌的。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的经热处理的水溶液,其中所述还原糖为乳糖,优选以≥10mM的浓度、优选以≥100mM的浓度、更优选以≥0.66M的浓度且最优选以≥1M的浓度存在。
11.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的经热处理的含有至少一种还原糖的水溶液用于生产生物产品的生物技术生产过程中的用途。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其中所述生物技术过程选自生物催化生产过程和发酵生产过程。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用途,用于人乳低聚糖的发酵生产,其中经热处理的含有至少一种还原糖的水溶液是含有乳糖的湿热灭菌的水溶液。
14.一种生物产品的生物技术生产方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-提供至少一种能够生产生物产品的细胞;
-在用于所述至少一种细胞的含有和/或补充有权利要求8至10中任一项所述的经热处理的水溶液的发酵液中培养所述至少一种细胞以生产生物产品;和
-任选地从发酵液中纯化生物产品。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述生物产品为人乳低聚糖,并且其中所述经热处理的水溶液是湿热灭菌的含有乳糖的水溶液。
16.根据权利要求14或15所述的方法,其中在发酵过程结束时,所述生物产品在发酵液中以≥100g/L的量产生,优选在发酵液中以≥150g/L的量产生,更优选在发酵液中以≥200g/L的量产生。
17.通过权利要求14或15所述的方法制备的生物产品,其中所述生物产品优选选自人乳低聚糖、低聚乳果糖和乳糖酸。
18.根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的用途、根据权利要求14至16中任一项所述的方法或根据权利要求17所述的生物产品,其中所述生物产品为人乳寡糖,其选自2′-岩藻糖基乳糖、3-岩藻糖基乳糖、2′,3-二岩藻糖基乳糖、乳-N-三糖II、乳-N-四糖、乳-N-新四糖、乳-N-岩藻五糖I、乳-N-新岩藻五糖I、乳-N-岩藻五糖II、乳-N-岩藻五糖III、乳-N-岩藻五糖V、乳-N-新岩藻五糖V、乳-N-二岩藻六糖I、乳-N-二岩藻六糖II、对-乳-N-岩藻糖基六糖、岩藻糖基-乳-N-唾液酰五糖b、岩藻糖基-乳-N-唾液酰五糖c、岩藻糖基-乳-N-唾液酰五糖c、二唾液酰-乳-N-岩藻五糖、3-岩藻糖基-3′-唾液酰乳糖、3-岩藻糖基-6′-唾液酰乳糖、乳-N-新二岩藻六糖I、3′-唾液酰乳糖、6′-唾液酰乳糖、唾液酰乳-N-四糖LST-a、唾液酰乳-N-四糖LST-b、唾液酰乳-N-四糖LST-c和二唾液酰乳-N-四糖。
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SG11201906991PA (en) | 2019-09-27 |
AU2018235156B2 (en) | 2023-04-27 |
EP3375291B1 (en) | 2022-08-10 |
PH12019550151A1 (en) | 2020-06-08 |
JP2020509769A (ja) | 2020-04-02 |
RU2019131462A (ru) | 2021-04-19 |
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