CN101432006A - 具有增强耐酸性的乳酸菌的方法和应用 - Google Patents
具有增强耐酸性的乳酸菌的方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101432006A CN101432006A CNA2007800154493A CN200780015449A CN101432006A CN 101432006 A CN101432006 A CN 101432006A CN A2007800154493 A CNA2007800154493 A CN A2007800154493A CN 200780015449 A CN200780015449 A CN 200780015449A CN 101432006 A CN101432006 A CN 101432006A
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Abstract
本发明提供了经修饰的具有更好耐酸能力的消除特定质粒的乳酸菌菌株、和修饰这些菌株的方法、以及包含这些菌株的产品。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
1908年,俄国生物学家Eli Metchnikoff认为某些保加利亚人和俄国人长寿的原因是其消费了大量发酵奶制品。这些食物中的主要有机体是后来被鉴定为嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus),一种产乳酸细菌。这种产乳酸细菌因其产生乳酸能力而得名。然而,产生乳酸仅仅是衍自这类细菌产生的许多益处中的一种。
科学家们根据Metchnikoff和他人的工作发展了益生菌的概念,直接将活的产乳酸细菌和酵母喂养给动物以改善它们的健康和性能。所观察到的益处可能归因于:1)消化道附着位点的竞争;2)基本营养物质的竞争;3)抗微生物物质的产生;4)有益菌生长的促进;5)免疫系统的刺激。
一些致病菌会通过破坏小肠内壁而降低动物吸收营养物质的能力。研究表明产乳酸细菌附着在小肠上并产生阻止致病有机体结合在肠壁的物质。此外,有益菌的附着可能增加小肠的吸收表面积并增强酶活性以便使动物吸收更多的营养。
促生菌和致病菌二者的生长都需要某些营养物质。产乳酸细菌能够利用维生素、氨基酸或也能另外支持有害菌生长的其它营养物质。
大量研究关注于直接食用的微生物培养物产生抑制致病有机体的物质的能力。乳酸、乙酸和甲酸会降低肠内pH以产生不适于有害有机体的环境。产乳酸细菌还会分泌过氧化氢,从而使环境不利于需氧微生物。
已经鉴定出两类抗微生物物质:低分子量抗微生物物质,例如罗伊氏乳杆菌(L.reuteri)产生的无蛋白菌质(Reuterin);和细菌素。细菌素是微生物产生的物质,它通常抑制在遗传上相似的细菌的生长。细菌素是多肽,而且它们的抑制特性会被蛋白酶破坏;而罗伊氏素是一种广谱抗微菌物质,它不是多肽而且它的抗微活性不受蛋白酶的影响。
多种乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)属菌株包括罗伊氏乳杆菌已经被用于益生菌配方中。罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)是是动物胃肠道天然生成习居菌中的一种,并且通常发现于健康动物,包括人的肠内。已知它具有抗微生物活性。参见美国专利US5,439,678、5,458,875、5,534,253、5,837,238、和5,849,289。当路氏乳酸杆菌细胞在存在甘油厌氧条件下生长时,它们产生被称为β-羟基-丙醛(3-HPA)的抗微生物物质。
研究已经证明了产乳酸细菌具有抑制大肠杆菌(E.Coli)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌(clostridiumperfringens)的能力。在新生儿和幼畜中减少引起腹泻的有机体尤其重要。
乳杆菌菌株的遗传修饰通常靶向于特定菌株性质的改进或增强,例如普通食物病原体拮抗化合物的产生、代谢胆固醇或耐酸性或耐受胆汁的能力、及增强免疫反应的能力(Kullen,M.J.and T.R.Klaenhammer.1999.Genetic modification of intestinal lactobacilli andbifidobacteria,p.65-83.In G.Tannock(ed.),Probiotics:A Critical Review,Horizon Scientific Press,Wymondham,U.K.)。在理想条件下,这些经修饰的菌株有利于宿主。然而在自然条件下,这些经修饰的乳杆菌菌株的性能常受内源质粒的影响,尤其在操作是由质粒介导的情况下。内源质粒和外源质粒之间不相容是促使质粒在宿主内不稳定的主要因素之一(Posno,M.,R.J.Leer,N.van Luijk,M.J.f.van Giezen,P.T.H.M.B.C.Lokman,and P.H.Pouwels.1991.Incompatibility ofLactobacillus vectors with replicons derived from small crypticLactobacillus plasmids and segregational instability of the introducedvectors.Appl.Environ.Microbiol.57,1822-1828)。
大多数乳杆菌菌株,无论它们来源如何(植物、肉、青贮、酸性面团或胃肠道)含有至少一个、通常多个内源质粒(Pouwels,P.H.andR.J.Leer.1993.Genetics of lactobacilli:Plasmids and gene expression.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek64,85-107)。这些质粒可能不仅影响重组质粒的稳定性,而且还具有不期望的特性,例如,抗生素抗性(Posno等人,1991),消除这些内源质粒是有利的,甚至必须的。
许多抗生素和抗菌物质已经天然地存在于自然界达百万年之久,人们已经使用抗生素和抗菌剂来抑制细菌或其它微生物的生长并治疗人类、其它动物和组织培养物中的细菌或微生物感染。然而,抗生素或抗菌剂在给药或施用时具有不期望的影响,即,会选择出对那些对抗生素或抗菌剂有抗性的细菌或其它微生物。因此,治疗方案可能会受负面影响,或者在某些情况下没有效果。
据最近的报道,罗伊氏乳杆菌ATCC55730能够抗林肯霉素(lincomycin)而且还包含抗性基因lnuA(Kastner,S.,Perrenten,V.,Bleuler,H.,Hugenschmidt,G.,Lacroix,C.& Meile,L.2006.Antibioticsusceptibility patterns and resistance genes of starter cultures andprobiotic bacteria used in food.Syst Appl Microbiol.29(2):145-155)。从该菌株的基因组搜索这个基因,它被鉴定为质粒pLR585上的开放阅读框Ir2105。这个质粒还具有编码多药耐药蛋白(Ir2089)和聚酮(polyketide)抗生素输出者(Ir2096和Ir2097)的基因。质粒上的这些基因与菌株已知的益生菌特性或耐酸性的重要性都没有任何明显的联系和关联。
业内,尤其益生菌工业上需要使用耐酸性良好的乳杆菌,以便使在各种配方中的这些培养物不仅穿过胃的酸性环境以足够的量到达肠道,而且能够在胃部生长和增殖,能够贯穿胃肠道发挥其益生效果。当使用耐酸性差的菌株时,需要消化较大数量的细菌,这会导致较高的成本。许多针对通过各种方法来保护酸性pH下的培养物的努力也会增加成本。因此,有利的是在工业上具有耐酸性良好的菌株,以及进而改善现有菌株耐酸性的方法。改善乳酸菌耐酸性的方法的一个实施例在专利申请US20050158423中给出,其中使用携带有编码小热休克蛋白的质粒的菌株,还给出了将这些质粒转入乳酸菌的方法。然而这与本发明是相反的,本发明是去除质粒来增加菌株的耐酸性。
本发明的其它目的和特征将在下面的内容和随附的权利要求中更充分地显示。
附图简单说明
图1显示利用PCR技术对质粒的检测。序号表示:1,罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938;2,罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17686;3,罗伊氏乳杆菌ATCC 55730;和4,罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 20016(阴性对照)。所分析的质粒为:a,pLR580;b,pLR581;c,pLR584;和d,PLR585。
图2显示抗性基因lnuA的检测。1,DSM 17938;2,DSM 17686;3,ATCC 55730;4,DSM 20016
图3以柱形图显示ATCC 55730(左)、DSM 17686(中)和DSM17938(右)的耐酸性。柱子表示存活的细菌比例(四组重复的平均值)。误差棒表示标准误差,一个星号表示p值<0.05且三个星号表示p<0.001。
发明内容
通过消除两个质粒pLR581和pLR585获得源自罗伊氏乳杆菌ATCC 55730的菌株。该菌株比亲株对四环素和林肯霉素更敏感。该双消除菌株保藏在德国微生物菌种保藏中心(DSMZ)并且命名为罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938。罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938与罗伊氏乳杆菌ATCC 55730具有相同的rep-PCR(重复序列PCR)图、发酵模式、罗伊氏素产量、形态、生长率、粘液粘附性及胆汁耐受性。不过这种双消除菌株能生长到更高的密度并在酸性条件下存活得更好。当这种菌株是共培养的DSM 17938时,同样更具竞争性。
因此本发明利用了这种新菌株的特性并提供经修饰的特定的乳酸菌质粒消除菌株,该菌株显示出更好的耐酸性;修饰这些菌株的方法;及包含这些菌株的产品。本发明的其它目的和特征将在下面的内容和随附的权利要求中更充分地显示。
发明详细说明和优选实施例
罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938(按照布达佩斯条约,于2006年3月6日保藏在德国微生物菌种保藏中心(DSMZ)(Mascheroder Weg 1b,D-38124Braunschweig)通过消除两个质粒pLR581和pLR585从罗伊氏乳杆菌ATCC 55730获得。它与ATCC 55730具有相同的rep-PCR图、发酵模式、罗伊氏素产量、形态、生长率、粘液粘附性及胆汁耐受性,但比亲株对四环素和林肯霉素更敏感。令人惊奇地,人们发现通过消除去除质粒会提高罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938和DSM 17686的耐酸性。这在共培养实验中更具竞争性,这可以由其在酸性pH下存活更好来解释。
本发明的一个目的是从乳酸菌中去除质粒而使其耐酸性更好并从而在肠中更好的存活,从而有益于人体健康。这在罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株DSM17686和新菌株罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株DSM17938中有所显示。这在乳杆菌中似乎是一种普遍的但以前所未知的现象,即,一个不对与耐酸性相关的任何编码的被去除质粒会得到一个对酸更稳定的新菌株。这种效果被应用在本发明中以使乳杆菌耐酸性更强。
本发明的其它目的和特征将在下面的内容和随附的权利要求中更充分地显示。
实施例1
自DSM17686中消除pLR585
通过原生质体形成和再生消除的质粒基本上按照Vescovo等人(Vescovo,M.,L.,Cocconcelli,P.S.,and Bottazzi,V.1984.Protoplastformation,regeneration and plasmid curing in Lactobacillus reuteri.FEMS Microbiol Lett 23:333-334)的描述来实施。将罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17686的过夜培养物在10ml MRS培养物(Oxoid,KS,USA)中稀释至OD600=0.1并在37℃生长至OD600=0.7-0.8。通过在3000xg离心10分钟来收集细胞并在10ml超纯水中洗涤。通过离心再次收集细胞并在2ml原生质体缓冲液(0.2M磷酸盐缓冲液、0.5M蔗糖、20mM MgCl2;pH 7.0)中重悬。将这些细胞与等体积的存于原生质体缓冲液中的10mg ml-1裂解酶混合并在37℃培养1h。通过在3000xg离心15分钟来收集原生质体并用20ml原生质体缓冲液洗涤。通过离心再次收集原生质体并在1ml原生质体缓冲液中重悬,然后进行显微观察。
将原生质体缓冲液中的稀释物在含0.5M蔗糖的MRS琼脂上涂板以用于再生。将超纯水中的稀释物在MRS琼脂上涂板以估计残余的完整细胞数目。在37℃下厌氧培养过夜,然后测定cfu(菌落形成单位)数,并在再次过夜培养后再进行测定。将再生的菌落挑选至含和不含8μg ml-1林肯霉素的MRS琼脂上。通过在含有林肯霉素的MRS琼脂上不生长可用来鉴定质粒消除的候选物。
结果:
pLR585消除的鉴定
经由PCR来分析DSM 17938质粒(图1)。pLR585和pLR581均消失,而其它两个质粒则仍然存在。因此,tetW-质粒pLR581和lnuA-质粒pLR585菌从DSM 17938中消除。lnuA在DSM 17938中的消失也通过PCR来检测(图2)。
实施例2
林肯霉素最小抑制浓度的鉴定
细菌在37℃在MRS肉汤中生长16小时。将其稀释至105cfu ml-1,然后将1μl的各细菌菌株点在含有林肯霉素和克林霉素(clindamycin)的MRS板上(浓度为0、0.125、0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8和16μg ml-1)。液滴吸收后,将板在37℃厌氧气氛下培养24小时。将MIC定义为没有可见的细菌生长的最低抗生素浓度。四环素的MIC根据厂家说明由Etest(AB Biodisk)对生长在MRS琼脂(Oxoid)板上的细菌进行检测。
结果:
pLR585的消除使得MIC从>16降至0.25μg ml-1林肯霉素,接近阴性对照DSM 20016的水平。已经很低的林肯霉素的MIC值没有改变。由E-test来检测四环素的MIC,发现其对于DSM 17938和DSM17686为12-16μg ml-1,对于ATCC 55730为>256μg ml-1。
菌株 | DSM17938 | DSM17686 | ATCC55730 | DSM20016 | 1063 |
MIC林肯霉素(μg ml-1) | 0.5 | >16 | >16 | 0.25 | >16 |
MIC克林霉素(μg ml-1) | <0.125 | <0.125 | <0.125 | <0.125 | >16 |
实施例3
发酵模式、无蛋白菌质(Reuterin)产量
根据制造商的说明使用api 50 CHL(bio-Mérieux)来测定发酵模式。为检测罗伊氏素产量,首先使细菌在MRS板上生长48小时(划线接种)。然后用500mM甘油琼脂(1%琼脂)涂覆并在37℃培养30分钟。通过添加5ml2,4-二硝基苯肼(0.1%,于2M HCl中)来检测罗伊氏素。培养3分钟,然后倒出溶液并添加5ml 5M KOH。菌落周围的红色区域表示有罗伊氏素产生。
结果:
采用API 50 CHL比较DSM 17938与DSM 17686和ATCC 55730的发酵模式,没有检测到差异。所有菌株能够发酵L-阿拉伯糖、核糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、蜜二糖、蔗糖、蜜三糖和葡糖酸盐而且对于其它的试验是阴性。三种菌株罗伊氏素的产量也具有相同的量级。
实施例4
生长和共培养
通过将OD 0.1的过夜培养物接种在预热至37℃的试管中的MRS肉汤中来检测生长。在37℃培育这些试管并在8小时内取样来测量OD600nm。各细菌重复分析三次。通过将等量的ATCC 55730、DSM17686、DSM 17938过夜培养物在预热的MRS肉汤试管中混合来进行细菌的共培养。将混合物在37℃培养过夜,然后复种至新的MRS试管中。重复此过程3次。在每次培样的开始和结束后,通过以下步骤来分析样品:将不同的培养物稀释物在MRS板上涂板,然后挑选菌落至三个MRS板上:一个不含抗生素、一个含有8μg ml-1林肯霉素且一个含有64μg ml-1四环素。认为仅在MRS上生长的菌落是DSM17938;认为那些在含有林肯霉素的MRS上生长的菌落是DSM17686;且认为那些在三个板上都生长的菌落是ATCC 55730。
结果:
比较菌株DSM 17938和DSM 17686与ATCC 55730的生长。在代时上未检测到差异,不过两种消除菌株生长密度明显高于ATCC55730。最终的OD为:ATCC 55730,4.78±0.13;DSM 17686,5.89±0.28;和DSM 17938,6.00±0.26。还将这三种菌株在MRS肉汤中共培养了约30代(3次复种)。结果清楚地显示消除菌株在体外生长时有优势。各菌株一起等量接种,但是在实验最后混合物由56% DSM17938、38% DSM 17686和仅6% ATCC 55730组成。导致此结果的原因可能是消除菌株能生长至更高的OD或可能在稳定期存活更好。两种质粒的丢失还会导致消耗降低(更少的DNA复制)并因而有更高竞争力。
实施例5
结合粘液
使用来自猪小肠的粘液。将粘液材料和BSA在PBS中溶解并稀释,通过将100μl的溶液在室温下边缓慢旋转便培育3h来将其固定于微量滴定板孔(Greiner)中。最终的浓度是粘液材料为OD280 0.1且BSA为100μg ml-1。用0.2ml补充有1%吐温20的PBS封闭这些孔1h,然后用含0.05%吐温20的PBS(PBST)洗涤。细菌在37℃下在MRS肉汤中生长16h,在PBST中洗涤一次并在相同的缓冲液中稀释至OD600 0.5。然后用PBST洗涤这些孔并用倒置显微镜检测结合度。所有细菌重复分析三次。
结果:
比较菌株DSM 17938和DSM 17686与ATCC 55730的粘液结合能力。没有检测到结合差异。
实施例6
耐酸性
为测定低pH下的存活,罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株ATCC 55730、DSM17686和DSM 17938在37℃下在MRS中生长过夜。将5μl细菌添加至10ml预热的MRS中,在37℃培养至OD600达1.0。将800μl OD1.0培养物添加至8ml人造胃液(8.3gl-1蛋白胨(Oxoid)、3.5gl-1葡萄糖、2.05gl-1NaCl、0.6gl-1KH2PO4、0.11gl-1CaCl2、0.37gl-1KCl,用HCl调至pH为2.0),该人造胃液是由Cotter等人改良的不含酶的改良物(Cotter,P.D.,Gahan,C.G.& Hill,C.2001.A glutamatedecarboxylase system protects Listeria monocytogenes in gastric fluid.Mol Microbiol 40:465-475)。在37℃培育试管并且在1、20、50和90分钟后取样。将样品在PBS中稀释并涂覆在MRS板上,将该板在37℃下厌氧培育24小时。此实验重复两次并且每次分析两个重复样品。通过Student’s t-检验来统计检验菌株间的差异。
结果:
三种菌株生长至OD600 1.0(中至后指数期)且随后挑战酸性pH。在pH 2.0下培育50分钟后,DSM 17938和DSM 17686都比ATCC55730存活得好,它们的存活率分别为41%、28%和20%(图3)。差异显著,p值为0.00006(DSM 17938比ATCC 55730)和0.04(DSM17686比ATCC 55730)。其原因还不知道。在酸性PH条件下存活更好可以解释为什么消除菌株在共培养实验中更具竞争性。
实施例7
胆汁耐受性
细菌在37℃下在MRS肉汤中生长16h。将细菌悬液在PBS中稀释至约103-106cfu ml-1。将10μl各稀释物滴在含有不同浓度牛胆汁(0、0.5%、1%、2%、4%和6%;Sigma B3883)的MRS板上。各细菌分析重复两次。将板在37℃厌氧气氛下培育72h。计数菌落并通过比较胆汁板与不含胆汁的MRS板上的菌落数来估计胆汁耐受性。指数期的细菌(OD0.5)也用同样的方法检测。
结果:
比较消除菌株DSM 17938和DSM 17686与ATCC 55730的牛胆汁耐受性。稳定期和指数生长期(OD600 0.5)的细菌都做了检测。它们在稳定期胆汁耐受性良好,但在指数期时存活和生长的细菌大大减少。不过在菌株间未检测到耐受性差异。
虽然本发明是参考具体实施例来说明的,但是应了解许多的改变、修改和实施例也是可行的,因此所有的这些改变、修改和实施例都认为是在本发明的精神和范畴内。
Claims (10)
1、一种罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)DSM 17938的生物纯培养物。
2、一种包括罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938的生物纯培养物的组合物。
3、一种用于增加乳杆菌菌株耐酸性的方法,所述方法包括从所述乳杆菌菌株中去除质粒。
4、一种根据权要求3所述的用于增加乳杆菌菌株耐酸性的方法,其中,所述乳杆菌菌株为罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株。
5、一种用于提供能够在人胃中更好地增殖乳杆菌菌株的方法,所述方法包括从所述乳杆菌菌株中去除质粒。
6、根据权利要求5所述的增加乳杆菌菌株耐酸性的方法,其中,所述乳杆菌菌株为罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株。
7、一种包括从乳杆菌菌株中去除质粒的乳杆菌菌株的益生菌产品。
8、根据权利要求7所述的益生菌产品,其中,全部质粒已被去除。
9、根据权利要求7所述的益生菌产品,其中,所述菌株为罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株。
10、根据权利要求9所述的益生菌产品,其中,所述菌株为罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938。
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PCT/SE2007/050382 WO2007142597A1 (en) | 2006-06-05 | 2007-05-30 | Method and use of lactic acid bacteria with increased acid tolerance |
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CN101374533B (zh) * | 2006-06-05 | 2012-02-01 | 生命大地女神有限公司 | 利用选择的乳酸杆菌减少婴儿腹痛 |
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CN101649353B (zh) * | 2009-09-21 | 2013-04-24 | 内蒙古农业大学 | 益生菌乳制品中罗伊氏乳杆菌的快速定性、定量测定方法 |
EP3040412A4 (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2017-04-05 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) | Probiotic strain of lactobacillus reuteri exhibiting anti-helicobacter activity, a probiotic or biotherapeutic product comprising said strain, and the use thereof |
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US6100388A (en) | 1998-03-16 | 2000-08-08 | Biogaia Biologies Ab | Lactobacilli harboring aggregation gene as a vaccine delivery vehicle |
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