CN110382585A - 结晶热塑性聚氨酯制品 - Google Patents
结晶热塑性聚氨酯制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110382585A CN110382585A CN201880016558.5A CN201880016558A CN110382585A CN 110382585 A CN110382585 A CN 110382585A CN 201880016558 A CN201880016558 A CN 201880016558A CN 110382585 A CN110382585 A CN 110382585A
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- Prior art keywords
- product
- component
- crystallization
- tpu
- long filament
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Abstract
所公开的技术涉及一种如软管、管、薄片、薄膜或长丝等由结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物制成的制品,其中所述结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物包括聚异氰酸酯组分、聚酯多元醇组分、任选地扩链剂组分和任选地催化剂的反应产物。所述制品通过熔融或挤出过程产生。
Description
所公开的技术涉及一种如软管、管、薄片、薄膜或长丝等使用结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物制成的制品,其中根据本发明的结晶热塑性聚氨酯为所述制品提供改进的性质。
背景技术
结晶热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)材料可以为如软管、管、薄片、薄膜和长丝等挤出型材提供有益的性质。例如,结晶TPU材料的耐磨性和耐溶剂性通常比其相对低结晶对应物更强。此外,在聚合物熔体离开成型模具之后,结晶TPU材料通常更容易处理。这可以提供提高的生产率和更好的最终产品质量。
然而,总体而言,在挤出应用中典型地尚未利用结晶热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)材料,因为组合物通常难以进行加工或甚至不可加工(因为组合物在挤出工艺设备中结晶并且形成固体物质的聚集体或块状物)。此外,通过提高加工温度来防止结晶的尝试一直未取得成功,从而导致热分解产物。期望一种结晶TPU材料,可以通过挤出过程(如高速挤出纺丝)加工制成制品,而不存在这些缺点。
现有技术试图提供可以通过挤出方法加工的结晶TPU,其方法包括向TPU中添加结晶延缓成分以延迟结晶,从而避免挤出机中出现明显的固体或结晶。美国专利6,995,231中描述了此过程。还期望有一种结晶TPU组合物,该组合物可以在不需要添加额外的化学物质来延迟结晶的情况下进行挤出加工。
已经开发了可以在热熔胶(HMA)组合物中使用的TPU材料,其在室温下为固体,在加热时变黏或变粘并且通常在环境温度下快速固化以产生内部强度和内聚力。PCT专利申请公开WO2016/144676描述了这种TPU组合物。通常认为可用作粘合剂的TPU材料由于这些性质而不适合于挤出过程。然而,由于这些TPU可能具有对制品有用的性质,因此期望通过挤出由这些TPU材料制造制品。
本发明提供了一种可以进行挤出加工以产生具有改进性质的挤出制品的结晶TPU材料。
发明内容
本文公开的技术提供了一种由结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物制成的挤出制品。根据ASTM D3418,用动态扫描量热法(DSC)测量TPU材料的熔融焓或冷却焓来指示TPU材料的结晶度。在一个实施例中,所述结晶TPU组合物的熔融焓(ΔH)为至少约17J/g或甚至至少约18J/g和/或其冷却焓为至少约15J/g、或甚至至少约16J/g或甚至至少约17J/g。在一个有用的实施例中,可以将所述结晶TPU熔融挤出成如软管、管、薄片、薄膜或长丝等形状。在另一个有用的实施例中,可以以如至少1500米/分钟等高速度进行熔融挤出。
在一个实施例中,本发明的挤出制品包括结晶TPU,所述结晶TPU包括以下的反应产物:异氰酸酯组分;多元醇组分,其中所述多元醇组分包括聚己内酯聚酯多元醇;任选地,扩链剂组分;和任选地,催化剂。在一个这种实施例中,所述扩链剂包含在所述组合物中。
在另一个实施例中,本发明的挤出制品包括结晶TPU,所述结晶TPU包括以下的反应产物:异氰酸酯组分;多元醇组分,其中所述多元醇组分包括聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯;任选地,扩链剂组分;和任选地,催化剂。在一个这种实施例中,所述扩链剂包含在所述组合物中。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述挤出制品是由结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物制成的软管、管、薄片、薄膜或长丝,所述结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物包括以下的反应产物:异氰酸酯组分;多元醇组分,其中所述多元醇组分包括选自聚己内酯聚酯多元醇或聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯的聚酯多元醇和多达约20重量%的共聚酯;任选地,扩链剂组分;和任选地,催化剂。在本发明的一个实施例中,所述挤出制品是由结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物制成的软管、管、薄片、薄膜或长丝,所述结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物包括以下的反应产物:异氰酸酯组分、多元醇组分,其中所述多元醇组分包括选自聚己内酯聚酯多元醇或聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯的聚酯多元醇和多达约50重量%的共聚醚;任选地,扩链剂组分;和任选地,催化剂。
在一个实施例中,所述挤出制品是包括以下的反应产物的软管、管、薄片、薄膜或长丝:聚异氰酸酯组分;聚酯多元醇组分,具体地聚己内酯聚酯多元醇或聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯;任选地,扩链剂组分;和任选地,催化剂,其中所述结晶热塑性聚氨酯基本上不含结晶延缓组分,如本文所述。
下文更详细地描述了这些要素。
具体实施方式
下文将通过非限制性说明的方式描述各个优选特征和实施例。
所公开的技术提供了一种包括结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物的挤出制品,包含但不限于软管、管、薄片、薄膜或长丝。TPU组合物通常通过以下的反应制备:a)多元醇组分;b)聚异氰酸酯组分;和c)任选地,扩链剂组分。所述反应可以或可以不在催化剂的存在下进行。
可以在本发明中使用的结晶TPU组合物包含异氰酸酯组分。异氰酸酯组分可以包括一种或多种聚异氰酸酯。在一些有用的实施例中,聚异氰酸酯组分包含一种或多种二异氰酸酯。合适的聚异氰酸酯包含芳香族二异氰酸酯、脂肪族二异氰酸酯或其组合。在一些实施例中,聚异氰酸酯组分包含一种或多种芳香族二异氰酸酯。在一些实施例中,聚异氰酸酯组分基本上不含或甚至完全不含脂肪族二异氰酸酯。在其它实施例中,聚异氰酸酯组分包含一种或多种脂肪族二异氰酸酯。在一些实施例中,聚异氰酸酯组分基本上不含或甚至完全不含芳香族二异氰酸酯。在一些实施例中,脂肪族和芳香族二异氰酸酯的混合物可以是有用的。
有用的聚异氰酸酯的实例包含:芳香族二异氰酸酯,如4,4'-亚甲基双(苯基异氰酸酯)(MDI)、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-亚联苯二异氰酸酯(TODI)、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯(NDI)、间苯二甲基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、亚苯基-1,4-二异氰酸酯、萘-1,5-二异氰酸酯和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI);以及脂肪族二异氰酸酯,如1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、1,4-环己基二异氰酸酯(CHDI)、癸烷-1,10-二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯(LDI)、1,4-丁烷二异氰酸酯(BDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(PDI)和二环己基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)。这些二异氰酸酯的异构体也可以是有用的。可以使用两种或更多种聚异氰酸酯的混合物。在一些实施例中,聚异氰酸酯是MDI和/或H12MDI。在一些实施例中,聚异氰酸酯基本上由MDI组成。在一些实施例中,聚异氰酸酯基本上由H12MDI组成。
本文所描述TPU组合物还使用b)多元醇组分制成。可用于本发明的多元醇(其还可以被描述为羟基封端的中间体)包含聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇和其组合。
在一个实施例中,多元醇组分包括聚己内酯聚酯多元醇。可用于制备本文所描述TPU组合物的聚己内酯聚酯多元醇包含衍生自己内酯单体的聚酯二醇。聚己内酯聚酯多元醇由伯羟基封端。合适的聚己内酯聚酯多元醇可以由ε-己内酯和双官能引发剂(如二乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇或本领域已知的用于此目的的任何其它二元醇和/或二醇)制成。在一些实施例中,聚己内酯聚酯多元醇是衍生自己内酯单体的线性聚酯二醇。
有用的实例包含:CAPATM2202A,其是数均分子量(Mn)为2000的线性聚酯二醇;和CAPATM2302A,其是Mn为3000的线性聚酯二醇,二者均可商购自柏斯托多元醇有限公司(Perstorp Polyols Inc.)。这些材料还可以被描述为2-氧杂环庚酮与1,4-丁二醇的聚合物。
聚己内酯聚酯多元醇可以由2-氧杂环庚酮和二醇制备,其中二醇可以是1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、单乙二醇、己二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇或其任何组合。在一些实施例中,用于制备聚己内酯聚酯多元醇的二醇是线性的。在一些实施例中,聚己内酯聚酯多元醇由1,4-丁二醇制备。
在另一个实施例中,多元醇组分包括羟基封端的聚酯中间体,所述羟基封端的聚酯中间体选自数均分子量(Mn)为约500到约10,000,例如约3,000到约6,000道尔顿,进一步地例如约4,000到约6,000道尔顿的线性聚酯。分子量通过末端官能团的测定来确定并且与数均分子量有关。
一般来说,聚酯中间体可以通过以下来产生:(1)一种或多种二元醇与一种或多种二羧酸或酸酐的酯化反应或者(2)酯交换反应,即,一种或多种二元醇与二羧酸的酯的反应。通常优选二元醇与酸的摩尔比大于一摩尔以获得末端羟基占主导的线性链。二羧酸聚酯可以包含脂肪族、脂环族、芳香族或其组合。二羧酸可以单独使用或以混合物形式使用并且通常具有总共4到15个碳原子并且包含:琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、环己烷二羧酸等。还可以使用以上二羧酸的酸酐,如邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐等。反应形成期望的聚酯中间体的二元醇可以是脂肪族、芳香族或其组合,并且具有总共2到20个或2到12个碳原子。合适的实例包含乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、十亚甲基二醇、十二烷二醇和其混合物。
在一个有用的实施例中,本发明的多元醇组分包括基于琥珀酸的聚酯:聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯。用于形成聚酯的琥珀酸可以衍生自生物质资源、石油资源或其混合物。当从石油资源获得琥珀酸时,苹果酸通常以副产物形式形成并且以杂质形式掺入琥珀酸中。例如,从石油资源获得的琥珀酸可以含有1,500ppm到5,000ppm的苹果酸。从生物质资源获得的琥珀酸可以含有少于1,500ppm的苹果酸并且在一些情况下含有少于1,000ppm的苹果酸。在一些情况下,从生物质资源获得的琥珀酸可以含有0ppm的苹果酸。
在一个有用的实施例中,通过测定末端官能团而确定的聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯的分子量为约1,000到约12,000道尔顿。在另一个有用的实施例中,聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯的分子量为约3,000到约6,000道尔顿,例如约4,000到约6,000道尔顿,进一步地例如约4,400到约6,000道尔顿,进一步地例如约5,000到约6,000道尔顿。在其它实施例中,聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯的分子量大于4,000,例如4,400或更大,进一步地例如5,000或更大。
WO2016/144676中描述了可用于本发明的某些TPU组合物,所述文献通过引用并入本文。
在一个实施例中,在用于制备本发明的挤出制品的TPU组合物中,聚酯多元醇(例如,聚己内酯聚酯多元醇或聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯)占总多元醇组分的至少50重量%。在一些实施例中,聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯占总多元醇组分的至少60%、至少70%、至少75%、至少80%、至少90%、至少95%或100%。在一些实施例中,多元醇组分基本上由聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯组成。在其它实施例中,聚酯多元醇基本上由聚己内酯聚酯多元醇组成。
本发明的多元醇组分可以进一步包括多达约50重量%的共多元醇,例如多达约40重量%,进一步地例如多达约30%重量,甚至进一步地例如多达约20重量%,并且甚至进一步地例如多达约10重量%。合适的共多元醇(当存在时)可以包含一种或多种羟基封端的聚酯、一种或多种羟基封端的聚醚或其混合物。在一个有用的实施例中,用于形成TPU组合物的多元醇组分包括共聚酯,,共聚酯以不超过总多元醇组分的20重量%的量存在。在替代性实施例中,共聚醚(例如,聚四亚甲基二醇)可以以总多元醇组分的多达50%的量使用。还可以使用共多元醇的组合,条件是总共聚酯不超过总多元醇组分的20重量%或总共聚醚不超过总多元醇组分的50重量%。在一些实施例中,多元醇组分基本上不含共多元醇。在其它实施例中,多元醇组分完全不含共多元醇。
可以用作本发明的TPU的多元醇组分中的共聚醚的合适的聚醚多元醇包含衍生自具有总共2到15个碳原子的二醇或多元醇的聚醚多元醇。在一些实施例中,羟基封端的聚醚是烷基二醇或二元醇,其与包括具有2到6个碳原子的环氧烷(通常为环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷或其混合物)的醚反应。例如,羟基官能聚醚可以通过以下产生:首先使丙二醇与环氧丙烷反应,然后随后与环氧乙烷反应。由环氧乙烷产生的伯羟基比仲羟基更具反应性,并且因此是优选的。有用的市售聚醚多元醇包含:包括与乙二醇反应的环氧乙烷的聚(乙二醇)、包括与丙二醇反应的环氧丙烷的聚(丙二醇)、包括与四氢呋喃反应的水的聚(四甲撑二醇)(其可以被描述为聚合的四氢呋喃并且通常被称为PTMEG)。
本文所描述TPU组合物使用任选地c)扩链剂组分制成。在一些实施例中,本发明的TPU组合物包含扩链剂以及本文所描述的其它组分。合适的扩链剂包含二醇、二胺和其组合。
合适的扩链剂包含相对小的多羟基化合物,例如具有2到20个、或2到12个或2到10个碳原子的低级脂肪族或短链二元醇。合适的实例包含乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、1,6-己二醇(HDO)、1,3-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇(CHDM)、2,2-双[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]丙烷(HEPP)、六亚甲基二醇、庚二醇、壬二醇、十二烷二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、乙二胺、丁二胺、六亚甲基二胺和羟乙基间苯二酚(HER)等以及其混合物。在一些实施例中,扩链剂包含BDO、HDO、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇或其组合。在一些实施例中,扩链剂包含BDO。可以使用如芳香族二元醇等其它二元醇。在一些实施例中,组合物仅使用扩链剂的总反应物的小于8重量%,例如小于5重量%、进一步地例如小于4重量%、甚至进一步地例如小于3重量%、进一步地例如小于2重量%、进一步地例如小于1重量%并且甚至进一步地例如小于0.5重量%形成。在一些实施例中,本文所描述的TPU基本上不含或甚至完全不含例如1,4丁二醇等扩链剂。
任选地,在聚合反应期间可以存在一种或多种聚合催化剂。通常,可以利用任何常规催化剂使二异氰酸酯与多元醇中间体或扩链剂反应。特别是加速二异氰酸酯的NCO基团与多元醇和扩链剂的羟基之间的反应的合适的催化剂的实例是现有技术已知的常规叔胺,例如,三乙胺、二甲基环己胺、N-甲基吗啉、N,N'-二甲基哌嗪、2-(二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙醇、二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷等;并且还特别是有机金属化合物,如钛酸酯、铁化合物(例如,乙酰丙酮铁)、锡化合物(例如,二乙酸亚锡、辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸亚锡)、铋化合物(例如,新癸酸铋)或脂肪族羧酸的二烷基锡盐(例如,二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡)等。催化剂的通常用量为每100重量份多元醇组分0.001到0.1重量份。在一些实施例中,用于形成本发明的TPU的反应基本上不含或完全不含催化剂。
在本发明的有用实施例中,如通过根据ASTM D3418进行的DSC所测量的熔融焓和/或冷却焓所指示的,TPU是结晶的。
在一个实施例中,TPU组合物的熔融焓(ΔH)为至少17J/g和/或其冷却焓为至少15J/g或甚至至少16J/g。在一个实施例中,TPU组合物的多元醇组分是聚酯多元醇,并且所述TPU组合物的熔融焓(ΔH)为至少17J/g或甚至至少约18J/g和/或其冷却焓为至少约15J/g或甚至至少约16J/g。在另一个有用的实施例中,TPU的熔融焓(ΔH)为至少约20J/g、或甚至至少约30J/g、或甚至至少约40J/g、或甚至至少约45J/g、约46J/g、或约47J/g和/或其冷却焓为至少约30J/g、或甚至至少约40J/g、或甚至至少约45J/g、或甚至至少约46J/g或至少约47J/g。在一个实施例中,TPU组合物的多元醇组分包括聚己内酯聚酯多元醇或甚至由所述聚己内酯聚酯多元醇组成,并且其熔融焓为至少17J/g和/或其冷却焓为至少15J/g或甚至至少16J/g。在另一个实施例中,TPU组合物的多元醇组分包括聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯或甚至由所述聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯组成,并且其熔融焓为至少20J/g、或甚至30J/g、或甚至40J/g、或甚至45J/g、或甚至47J/g和/或其冷却焓为至少30J/g、或甚至至少40J/g、或甚至至少45J/g、46J/g或47J/g。
在聚合反应期间可以存在各种类型的任选组分和/或可以将各种类型的任选组分掺入上文描述的TPU弹性体中以改善加工和其它性质。这些添加剂包含但不限于抗氧化剂(如酚类)、流变改性剂(如疏水性或亲水性气相二氧化硅)和粘合促进剂(如丙二酸、富马酸、氯化橡胶、氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯/马来酸三元共聚物)。可以使用其它添加剂(如其它树脂)来增强TPU组合物或共混产物的性能,包含但不限于可以有助于增加热熔胶在受热时的粘性并且减缓重结晶时间的香豆酮-茚树脂或萜烯-酚树脂。上文描述的所有添加剂可以以对于这些物质而言惯常的有效量使用。
用于制备本发明的制品的结晶TPU组合物还可以含有一种或多种另外的添加剂。这些另外的添加剂可以以合适的量使用并且包含不透明颜料、着色剂、矿物填料、稳定剂、润滑剂、UV吸收剂、加工助剂和其它添加剂以便为TPU组合物和制品提供所期望性能。不透明颜料的实例包含二氧化钛、氧化锌和钛酸盐黄。着色颜料包含但不限于炭黑、黄色氧化物、棕色氧化物、生赭石或烧赭石或生赭土或烧赭土、氧化铬绿、镉颜料、铬颜料和其它混合金属氧化物和有机颜料。有用的填料包含硅藻土(superfloss)、粘土、二氧化硅、滑石、云母、硅灰石、硫酸钡和碳酸钙。如果需要,可以使用如抗氧化剂等有用的稳定剂并且所述稳定剂包含酚类抗氧化剂,而有用的光稳定剂包含有机磷酸盐和有机锡硫醇盐(硫醇盐)。有用的润滑剂包含金属硬脂酸盐、石蜡油和酰胺蜡。有用的UV吸收剂包含1-(2'-羟基苯酚)苯并三唑和2-羟基二苯甲酮。
这些另外的添加剂可以掺入到TPU树脂的制剂的组分中或掺入到其反应混合物中,或者在制备TPU树脂之后掺入。在另一种方法中,可以将所有材料与TPU树脂混合并且然后进行熔融或者可以将其直接掺入TPU树脂的熔体中。
在一个实施例中,如软管、管、薄片、薄膜或长丝等挤出制品由本文详细描述的TPU组合物制成,但其中TPU组合物基本上不含结晶延缓组分。结晶延缓组分是与不含结晶延缓组分的相同组合物相比将改变TPU组合物的结晶温度的组分。例如,结晶延缓组分包含但不限于二丙二醇、三丙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、环己基二羟甲基的顺式-反式-异构体、新戊二醇和取代的链烷二醇(如1,3-丁二醇和2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇)。TPU组合物可以基本上不含或完全不含这些组分。可以从本发明中使用的TPU组合物中排除的结晶延缓组分的其它实例包含在主链中具有约2到约12个碳原子的支化或取代的链烷二醇。在一个实施例中,本文提供的结晶TPU组合物不含或基本上不含结晶延缓组分,包含本文所列出的组分。
根据本发明的TPU可以通过任何已知的手段或对于本领域普通技术人员来说已知的有待开发的手段来制造。
例如,本发明的组分:(a)二异氰酸酯组分;(b)多元醇组分;和(c)任选的扩链剂组分一起反应以形成可用于本发明的TPU。可以使用用于使反应物反应的任何已知过程来制备TPU。在一个实施例中,所述过程是所谓的“一步(one-shot)”过程,其中将所有反应物加入挤出机反应器中并使其反应。二异氰酸酯的当量与含羟基组分(即,多元醇中间体和扩链剂二醇(如果包含的话))的总当量之比可以为约0.5到约1.10、或约0.5到约1.0或约0.5到约0.90。使用尿烷催化剂的反应温度可以为约175到约245℃,并且在另一个实施例中为180到220℃。
作为另一个实例,还可以利用预聚物过程来制备TPU。在预聚物路线中,多元醇组分通常与当量过量的一种或多种二异氰酸酯反应以形成其中含有游离或未反应的二异氰酸酯的预聚物溶液。反应通常在合适的尿烷催化剂的存在下在约80到约220℃或约150到约200℃的温度下进行。随后,以通常等于异氰酸酯末端基以及任何游离或未反应的二异氰酸酯化合物的当量加入如上所述的扩链剂。因此,总二异氰酸酯与总当量的多元醇中间体和扩链剂的总当量比可以为约0.5到约1.10、或约0.5到约1.0或约0.5到约0.90。扩链反应温度通常为约180到约250℃或约200到约240℃。通常,预聚物路线可以在包含挤出机的任何常规装置中进行。在这种实施例中,多元醇中间体在挤出机的第一部分中与当量过量的二异氰酸酯反应以形成预聚物溶液,并且随后在下游部分处加入扩链剂并且使其与预聚物溶液反应。可以使用任何常规的挤出机,包含配备有长径比为至少20并且在一些实施例中为至少25的屏障型螺杆的挤出机。
在一个实施例中,在进料端与模头端之间具有多个加热区和多个进料口的单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机上混合配料。可以在一个或多个进料口处加入配料,并且可以对离开挤出机的模头端的所得TPU组合物进行制粒。
按照常规程序和方法制备各种聚氨酯,并且由于如上所述,通常可以使用任何类型的聚氨酯,各种量的其特定组分、各种反应物比率、加工温度、催化剂的量、如各种类型的挤出机等聚合设备通常都是常规的,并且是本领域和文献中熟知的。
所描述的用于制备本发明TPU的过程包含以分批或连续方式进行的“预聚物”过程和“一步”过程。也就是说,在一些实施例中,TPU可以通过在“一步”聚合过程中使组分一起反应来制备,其中将所有组分(包含反应物)同时或基本上同时加入到经过加热的挤出机中并使其反应以形成TPU。而在其它实施例中,TPU可以通过以下制备:首先使聚异氰酸酯组分与多元醇组分的某一部分反应从而形成预聚物,并且然后通过使预聚物与剩余的反应物反应来完成反应,从而产生TPU。
离开挤出机之后,通常对组合物进行制粒并且将所述组合物储存在防潮包装中,并且最终以颗粒形式出售。应理解,不总是需要对组合物进行制粒,而是可以通过模头从反应挤出机中直接将所述组合物挤出成最终产品轮廓。例如,可以通过此过程制备如软管、管、薄膜和薄片等挤出制品。在替代方案中,可以通过挤出将粒状物进一步加工成如软管、管、薄膜、薄片和长丝等制品。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述制品是长丝。如本文各种实施例中充分描述的,所述长丝由TPU组合物制成。所述长丝可以通过挤出纺丝(也称为熔融纺丝)制成。挤出纺丝是公知的过程,其中聚合物通过挤出熔融;穿过纺丝喷嘴进入空气;通过冷却固化;涂覆油剂或润滑剂以易于解绕并且通过将长丝缠绕在收集装置上来收集。长丝通常在约150℃到约300℃的聚合物温度下进行熔融纺丝。
本发明的一个实施例提供了一种使用如本文的各种实施例中充分描述的TPU组合物制备长丝的方法,其中所述长丝通过挤出纺丝(熔融纺丝)以高速度制成。术语高速度是指至少1500米/分钟或甚至至少2000米/分钟的纺丝速度。
在一些实施例中,使用本文提供的结晶TPU组合物制成的长丝是单丝长丝。在其它实施例中,长丝是多丝长丝。
使用本文所描述的TPU组合物制成的长丝可以以高速度制成,并且当暴露于高温时表现出低收缩率。例如,当暴露于80℃,持续90秒时,长丝表现出小于30%、或甚至小于25%、或甚至小于20%、或甚至小于15%或者甚至在一些实施例中为10%或更小的收缩率。通过比较暴露于高温之前和之后的长丝长度来测量收缩率百分比。
在一个实施例中,本发明提供了一种织物,其中所述织物包括一种或多种纤维,并且其中所述纤维中的至少一种纤维包括本发明的长丝或基本上由所述长丝组成。在此实施例中,所述长丝包括如本文详细描述的热塑性聚氨酯组合物或基本上由所述热塑性聚氨酯组合物组成。
实例
表1列出了以一步聚合过程制备的热塑性聚氨酯,其中将多元醇组分、二异氰酸酯组分、抗氧化剂和催化剂(如果使用的话)在搅拌的同时加热到130℃。在反应达到130℃之后,去除热量。将材料倒入模具中并且放置于120℃的烘箱中,持续三小时以固化。在以下实例中,PBS是聚(丁二醇)琥珀酸酯、BDO己二酸酯是己二酸丁二醇酯、HDO己二酸酯是己二酸己二醇酯。
表1
将以上列出的TPU材料的样品挤出纺丝成长丝并且测试其收缩率。通过比较暴露于高温之前和之后的长丝样品的长度来计算收缩率。在90秒暴露之后测量长丝长度的变化并且对3个读数的平均值进行报告。在50℃以及80℃(90秒持续时间)下对单独的样品进行收缩率测量。结果报告在表2中。
表2
出乎意料的是,如实例E、F1-F3和G1-G3所示,可以使用挤出纺丝以高速度由本文所描述的结晶TPU组合物制备长丝,同时在暴露于高温之后提供改善的收缩率。
上文提到的每份文件都通过引用并入本文,包含被要求优先权的任何先前申请,无论上文是否具体列出。提及任何文件并不是承认这种文件有资格作为现有技术或构成任何司法管辖区内的技术人员的一般知识。除了在实例中外或者无论是否以其它方式明确指出,本说明书中指定材料量、反应条件、分子量、碳原子数等的所有数值应理解为由词语“约”修饰。应理解,本文阐述的上限和下限量、范围和比例限制可以独立地组合。类似地,本发明的每个要素的范围和量可以结合任何其它要素的范围和量使用。
如本文所使用的,与“包含(including)”、“含有(containing)”或“特征在于(characterized by)”同义的过渡术语“包括(comprising)”是包含性或开放式的,并且不排除另外的未列举的要素或方法步骤。然而,在本文中对“包括”的每个陈述中,意图是所述术语还涵盖作为替代性实施例的短语“基本上由……组成”和“由……组成”,其中“由……组成”排除未指定的任何要素或步骤并且“基本上由……组成”允许包含另外的未列举的不会实质上影响所考虑的组合物或方法的基本和新颖特性的要素或步骤。
尽管出于说明本发明的目的已经示出了某些代表性实施例和细节,但是对于本领域的技术人员来说显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,可以在其中进行各种变更和修改。在此方面,本发明的范围仅受以下权利要求限制。
Claims (25)
1.一种制品,其包括:
结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物,所述结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物包括以下的反应产物:
(a)聚异氰酸酯组分;(b)包括聚酯多元醇的多元醇组分;(c)任选地,催化剂;以及(d)任选地,扩链剂组分,其中所述结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物的通过DSC测量的熔融焓为至少约17J/g和/或通过DSC测量的冷却焓为至少约15J/g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其中所述制品通过熔融挤出来制备。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其中所述聚酯多元醇包括聚己内酯聚酯多元醇。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制品,其中所述聚酯多元醇基本上由聚己内酯聚酯多元醇组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其中所述聚酯多元醇组分包括聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯。
6.根据权利要求7所述的制品,其中所述聚酯多元醇组分基本上由聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯组成。
7.根据权利要求5或6中任一项所述的制品,其中所述聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯的分子量为约3000到约6000。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制品,其中所述聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯的分子量为约4000到约6000。
9.根据权利要求5到8中任一项所述的制品,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯组合物的通过DSC测量的熔融焓为至少40J/g。
10.根据权利要求5到8中任一项所述的制品,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯组合物的通过DSC测量的冷却焓为至少40J/g。
11.根据权利要求1到10中任一项所述的制品,其中所述多元醇组分进一步包括多达50重量%的共聚醚。
12.根据权利要求1到11中任一项所述的制品,其中所述扩链剂组分包括1,4-丁二醇。
13.根据权利要求1到12中任一项所述的制品,其中所述聚异氰酸酯组分选自二苯-甲烷二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、亚甲基二环己基二异氰酸酯和其异构体和混合物。
14.根据权利要求1到13中任一项所述的制品,其中所述制品是软管、薄片、管或薄膜。
15.根据权利要求1到13中任一项所述的制品,其中所述制品是长丝。
16.根据权利要求15所述的制品,其中所述长丝通过以至少1500米/分钟的速度挤出纺丝来制备。
17.根据权利要求16所述的制品,其中所述长丝通过以至少2000米/分钟的速度挤出纺丝来制备。
18.根据权利要求15到17中任一项所述的制品,其中在暴露于80℃,持续90秒之后,所述长丝收缩小于15%。
19.一种织物,其包括根据权利要求15到18中任一项所述的长丝。
20.一种制造长丝的方法,所述方法包括:
制备结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物,所述结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物包括以下的反应产物:(a)聚异氰酸酯组分;(b)多元醇组分,所述多元醇组分包括聚酯多元醇;以及(c)任选地,扩链剂组分,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯的熔融焓为至少约17J/g和/或其冷却焓为至少约15J/g;
以至少1500米/分钟的速度对所述结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物进行挤出纺丝以形成长丝。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其包括以至少2000米/分钟的速度对所述结晶热塑性聚氨酯组合物进行挤出纺丝。
22.根据权利要求20到21中任一项所述的方法,其中所述聚酯多元醇包括聚己内酯多元醇。
23.根据权利要求20到22中任一项所述的方法,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯组合物的通过DSC测量的熔融焓为至少40J/g。
24.根据权利要求20到23中任一项所述的方法,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯组合物的通过DSC测量的冷却焓为至少40J/g。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中所述聚酯多元醇包括聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯。
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WO2016144676A1 (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-09-15 | Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. | Crystalline thermoplastic polyurethane composition for hot-melt adhesives |
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CN115975142A (zh) * | 2021-10-15 | 2023-04-18 | 南亚塑胶工业股份有限公司 | 可适用于熔融纺丝的热塑性聚氨酯树脂 |
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TW201839021A (zh) | 2018-11-01 |
KR102554808B1 (ko) | 2023-07-11 |
CA3055608A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
BR112019018451A2 (pt) | 2020-04-14 |
BR112019018451A8 (pt) | 2022-11-16 |
US11136431B2 (en) | 2021-10-05 |
CN110382585B (zh) | 2022-03-04 |
TWI770132B (zh) | 2022-07-11 |
KR20190123760A (ko) | 2019-11-01 |
EP3592794A1 (en) | 2020-01-15 |
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