CN110372578A - 一种新的马来酸氯苯那敏合成方法 - Google Patents
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- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/36—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/38—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms having only hydrogen or hydrocarbon radicals attached to the substituent nitrogen atom
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Abstract
本发明属于药物有机合成领域,具体涉及一种新的马来酸氯苯那敏的合成方法。本发明包括如下顺序的步骤:(1)在酸性条件下,对氯苄卤在钴催化剂、锰还原剂存在下和2‑卤吡啶发生反应,生成2‑对氯苄基吡啶;(2)2‑对氯苄基吡啶在氨基钠的作用下和N,N‑二甲基卤乙烷反应,生成氯苯那敏,氯苯那敏和马来酸成盐得到马来酸氯苯那敏。该方法反应步骤较短、原料廉价易得、工艺简单,操作方便,不需要特殊的反应条件,因此更适合工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物有机合成领域,特别涉及一种马来酸氯苯那敏的合成方法。
背景技术
马来酸氯苯那敏,又名扑尔敏,为抗组胺类药,本品通过对H1受体的拮抗起到抗过敏作用。主要用于鼻炎、皮肤黏膜过敏及缓解流泪、打喷嚏、流涕等感冒症状,市场需求大。
马来酸氯苯那敏化学名为N,N-二甲基-γ-(4-氯苯基)-2-吡啶丙胺顺丁烯二酸盐,分子式为C20H23ClN2O4,CAS号为113-92-8,其结构式如下。
文献报道了一种马来酸氯苯那敏的合成方法:2-氯甲基吡啶和苯胺盐酸盐在230℃下生成2-对氨基苄基吡啶,2-对氨基苄基吡啶通过Sandmeyer反应得到2-对氯苄基吡啶。2-对氯苄基吡啶与N,N-二甲基氯乙烷在氨基钠作用下得到氯苯那敏,最后和马来酸成盐得到马来酸氯苯那敏。该线路总收率不足20%,反应条件苛刻,产物纯化困难,不利于降低成本。
专利CN101967120A公开了马来酸氯苯那敏的方法,首先2-吡啶甲酰氯和氯苯通过傅克酰基化再用黄鸣龙还原得到2-对氯苄基吡啶。2-对氯苄基吡啶与N,N-二甲基氯乙烷在氨基钠作用下得到氯苯那敏,最后和马来酸成盐得到马来酸氯苯那敏。该线路存在以下几个缺点:1.傅克酰基化会产生位置异构的副产物且难以分离,2.黄鸣龙还原反应条件非常苛刻,3.两步总收率不到20%。
专利CN106883167A公开了一种合成路线:使用对氯苯乙腈和乙炔气在高温高压下合成2-对氯苄基吡啶。2-对氯苄基吡啶与N,N-二甲基氯乙烷在氨基钠作用下得到氯苯那敏,最后和马来酸成盐得到马来酸氯苯那敏。该线路反应条件苛刻,乙炔气是易燃气体,存在较大安全隐患。
综上,现有合成马来酸氯苯那敏的方法还存在反应步骤较长,或者操作要求高、不利于工业化的缺点,以及存在化学反应选择性低的反应,不利于降低成本。
发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的不足,本发明目的在于提供一种合成马来酸氯苯那敏的方法,该工艺反应条件步骤较短、原料廉价易得,反应条件温和,易于工业化生产。
本发明的技术方案是,提供一种马来酸氯苯那敏合成方法,该方法包括如下工艺步骤:
(1)2-对氯苄基吡啶的合成
酸性条件下,对氯苄卤在钴催化剂、锰还原剂存在下与2-卤吡啶反应生成2-对氯苄基吡啶。
(2)马来酸氯苯那敏的合成
2-对氯苄基吡啶在氨基钠的作用下和N,N-二甲基卤乙烷反应,生成氯苯那敏,氯苯那敏和马来酸成盐得到马来酸氯苯那敏。
本发明以对氯苄卤和2-卤吡啶为起始原料,通过三步反应合成马来酸氯苯那敏。提供了一种全新的2-对氯苄基吡啶合成思路,创新地利用偶联反应获得高收率和纯度的马来酸氯苯那敏关键中间体2-对氯苄基吡啶,相比于现有常用的傅克烷基化思路,具有收率高、反应条件温和的优势;合成2-对氯苄基吡啶的反应完成后,只需经过过滤、洗涤和干燥步骤即可将2-对氯苄基吡啶的溶液投入与N,N-二甲基卤乙烷反应,而不需要去除溶剂和重结晶等步骤,简化了工艺操作步骤。氯苯那敏与顺丁烯二酸成盐后,通过简单的重结晶,即可高收率、高纯度地获得目的产物。不仅如此,本发明的制备步骤简短,未使用危险性高的试剂,反应条件温和,原料廉价,适合工业放大生产。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,钴催化剂为氯化钴、溴化钴、碘化钴、氯化亚钴、溴化亚钴、碘化亚钴、醋酸钴以及它们的水合物中的至少一种,优选溴化钴。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,对氯苄卤为对氯苄氯、对氯苄溴中的至少一种,优选对氯苄氯。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,2-卤吡啶为2-溴吡啶、2-碘吡啶中的至少一种,优选2-溴吡啶。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,锰催化剂为锰粉、锰粒、锰片中的至少一种,优选为锰粉。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,酸性条件可以使用任意有机酸和无机酸中的至少一种,优选为三氟乙酸。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,钴催化剂为2-卤吡啶摩尔量的0.01-0.2倍,优选为0.05倍。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,锰催化剂为2-卤吡啶摩尔量的1-8倍,优选为2.2倍。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,2-卤吡啶与对氯苄卤的投料摩尔比为1︰1.1~1.5,优选为1:1.2。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,反应温度为15~60℃,优选为30~40℃。
优选地,所述步骤(2)中,N,N-二甲基卤乙烷为N,N-二甲基氯乙烷、N,N-二甲基溴乙烷中的至少一种,优选为N,N-二甲基氯乙烷。
有益效果
本工艺路线以对氯苄卤为起始原料,通过三步反应合成马来酸氯苯那敏,与原工艺相比,工艺路线较短,相比于现有工艺,该合成工艺路线具有收率高、反应条件温和的优势;不仅如此,本发明的原料廉价,后处理简单,反应条件温和,未使用危险性高的试剂,适合工业放大生产。
附图说明
图1 2-对氯苄基吡啶核磁氢谱;
具体实施方式
实施例1
将2-溴吡啶(15.8g,0.1mol)、对氯苄氯(19.3g,0.12mol)、乙腈(80g)和锰粉(12.1g,0.22mol)加入到反应瓶中,再加入三氟乙酸(1mL)活化锰粉。10分钟后加入溴化钴(1.1g,0.005mol),保持温度在30-40℃之间反应12小时。用碳酸钠中和后过滤,滤液减压除去溶剂。残留物用甲苯溶解,5%的EDTA水溶液洗涤,有机层即2-对氯苄基吡啶甲苯溶液,干燥后无需纯化直接投入下一步。
称取氨基钠(7.8g,0.2mol)加入到50mL甲苯中,再加入2-对氯苄基吡啶甲苯溶液,加热回流,然后慢慢滴加N,N-二甲胺基氯乙烷(21.4g,0.2mol)的甲苯的溶液。回流反应6小时,冷却后过滤得含氯苯那敏盐基的甲苯溶液。加水洗至中性,减压回收甲苯后与顺丁烯二酸成盐,乙醇为溶剂重结晶。得马来酸氯苯那敏白色固体22.4g(纯度98%,产率58%)。
实施例2
将2-溴吡啶(15.8g,0.1mol)、对氯苄氯(24.2g,0.15mol)、乙腈(80g)和锰粉(38.5g,0.7mol)加入到反应瓶中,再加入三氟乙酸(1mL)活化锰粉。10分钟后加入溴化钴(1.1g,0.005mol),保持温度在30-40℃之间反应12小时。用碳酸钠中和后过滤,滤液减压除去溶剂。残留物用甲苯溶解,5%的EDTA水溶液洗涤,有机层即2-对氯苄基吡啶甲苯溶液,干燥后无需纯化直接投入下一步。
称取氨基钠(7.8g,0.2mol)加入到50mL甲苯中,再加入2-对氯苄基吡啶甲苯溶液,加热回流,然后慢慢滴加N,N-二甲胺基溴乙烷(30.4g,0.2mol)的甲苯的溶液。回流反应6小时,冷却后过滤得含氯苯那敏盐基的甲苯溶液。加水洗至中性,减压回收甲苯后与顺丁烯二酸成盐,乙醇为溶剂重结晶。得马来酸氯苯那敏白色固体24.1g(纯度98%,产率62%)。
Claims (10)
1.一种新的马来酸氯苯那敏合成方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)2-对氯苄基吡啶的合成:
酸性条件下,对氯苄卤在钴催化剂、锰还原剂存在下与2-卤吡啶反应生成2-对氯苄基吡啶;
(2)马来酸氯苯那敏的合成:
2-对氯苄基吡啶在氨基钠的作用下和N,N-二甲基卤乙烷反应,生成氯苯那敏,氯苯那敏和马来酸成盐得到马来酸氯苯那敏。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,钴催化剂为氯化钴、溴化钴、碘化钴、氯化亚钴、溴化亚钴、碘化亚钴、醋酸钴以及它们的水合物中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,对氯苄卤为对氯苄氯、对氯苄溴中的至少一种;2-卤吡啶为2-溴吡啶、2-碘吡啶中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,锰还原剂为锰粉、锰粒、锰片中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,酸性条件可以使用任意有机酸和无机酸中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,钴催化剂为2-卤吡啶摩尔量的0.01-0.2倍。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,锰还原剂为2-卤吡啶摩尔量的1-8倍。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,2-卤吡啶与对氯苄卤的投料摩尔比为1︰1.1~1.5。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,反应温度为15~60℃。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,N,N-二甲基卤乙烷为N,N-二甲基氯乙烷、N,N-二甲基溴乙烷中的至少一种。
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