CN110367467B - 畜禽心肉饼及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了畜禽心肉饼的制备方法,包括:将预处理后的畜禽心用绞肉机绞碎,得碎畜禽心;向所得碎畜禽心中加入凝胶油、食盐、蛋清、碳酸钠和复合磷酸盐,搅拌均匀后,密封静置2h,得肉糜;将所得肉糜放入斩拌机中,加入淀粉、卡拉胶、黄原胶、谷氨酰胺转胺酶和酪蛋白酸钠,斩拌8‑10min,至肉泥呈胶状;向所得肉泥中加入调味粉,斩拌5‑8min,至混合均匀;将调味后的肉泥加工成型,于油温110‑120℃下煎制5‑7min,以及采用本方法制备的畜禽心肉饼。本发明通过两次物性重组,改善了畜禽心肉糜的凝胶特性,使制得的畜禽心肉饼成型好,饱和脂肪酸含量低,营养健康。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及畜禽副产物加工领域。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种畜禽心肉饼及其制备方法。
背景技术
至2017年,我国肉类产量已达8600多万t,人均肉类消费量及占有量均超过世界平均水平。伴随着我国畜禽屠宰加工产业的持续发展,每年会产生1800多万t的畜禽副产物。从目前的屠宰加工来看,畜禽屠宰后的骨、血液和脏器等副产物,70%~80%以原料的形式流通,其中,畜禽心富含人体必需的各种营养成分以及钠、钾、镁、锌等矿物质元素以及各种维生素,营养丰富,但其商品率较低。
随着人们生活水平的提高和生活节奏的加快,食品方便化已经成为现代人的日常需求,市场上以汉堡为代表的快餐食品越来越受到人们的青睐,肉饼作为汉堡中必不可少的组成部分承载着提供营养和增加口感的作用。虽然脂肪在肉饼中提供质地、口感等作用,但过量的饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸会对人体健康产生不利的影响。据报道,高脂肪的摄入会引起各种健康问题,如肥胖,癌症,高血脂和冠心病。
为了满足消费者对健康及美味食品的需求,在不改变食品的特殊质地的情况下,降低或消除膳食中反式脂肪酸,是广大研究者和食品生产商面临的大问题与挑战。因此,积极研发低/零反式脂肪酸动物油脂具有重要现实意义。凝胶油是由油作为液相组成的凝胶。固相可以是多种分子中的任何一种,称为“凝胶因子”,通过添加凝胶因子并配合表面活性剂,形成的凝胶油具有如动物脂肪般的机械强度与可塑性能,可抑制油脂迁移,从而制备出低反式脂肪酸与低饱和脂肪酸的凝胶油脂来替代动物脂肪,但将现有凝胶油直接添加到畜禽心肉糜中无法获得成型的肉饼。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种畜禽心肉饼及其制备方法,其解决了用凝胶油直接替代脂肪制备肉饼时,畜禽心肉糜凝胶性能差,不能成型的问题,通过两次物性重组,改善了畜禽心肉糜的凝胶特性,使制得的畜禽心肉饼成型好,饱和脂肪酸含量低,营养健康。
为了实现根据本发明的目的和其它优点,提供了一种畜禽心肉饼的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、绞碎:将预处理后的畜禽心用绞肉机绞碎,得碎畜禽心;
S2、一次物性重组:向所得碎畜禽心中加入凝胶油、食盐、蛋清、碳酸钠和复合磷酸盐,搅拌均匀后,密封静置2h,得肉糜;
S3、二次物性重组:将所得肉糜放入斩拌机中,加入淀粉、卡拉胶、黄原胶、谷氨酰胺转胺酶和酪蛋白酸钠,斩拌8-10min,边斩拌边加冰水,至肉泥呈胶状;
S4、调味:向所得肉泥中加入调味粉,斩拌5-8min,边斩拌边加冰水,至混合均匀;
S5、成型、熟制:将调味后的肉泥加工成型后,于油温110-120℃下煎制5-7min,冷却、检验、包装,即得。
优选的是,所述的畜禽心肉饼的制备方法,所述畜禽心为50-60重量份、凝胶油为10-15重量份、食盐为0.8-1重量份、蛋清为1.7-2.8重量份、碳酸钠为0.2-0.3重量份、复合磷酸盐为0.1-0.3重量份、淀粉为3-5重量份、卡拉胶为0.4-0.6重量份、黄原胶为0.5-0.7重量份、谷氨酰胺转胺酶为0.1-0.3重量份、酪蛋白酸钠为0.1-0.3重量份和调味粉为7.2-9.4重量份。
优选的是,所述的畜禽心肉饼的制备方法,所述凝胶油的制备方法为:向菜籽油中添加占所述菜籽油质量10%的蜂蜡和0.3%的山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯,混合后加热至90℃,以200r/min保温恒速搅拌45min,取出,于室温下放置,待其冷却至室温后,转入4℃下储存3天,即得。
优选的是,所述的畜禽心肉饼的制备方法,所述预处理,具体为:洗去畜禽心表面的血迹、污物,去除结缔组织、筋膜和脂肪,再将其置于清水中,并向清水中加入占所述清水质量2%的食盐和2%的 酵母,混匀后,浸泡2h。
优选的是,所述的畜禽心肉饼的制备方法,所述畜禽心为猪心、牛心、鸭心或鸡心中的一种或几种。
优选的是,所述的畜禽心肉饼的制备方法,所述淀粉为玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉中的一种或几种。
优选的是,所述的畜禽心肉饼的制备方法,所述调味粉由0.2-0.4重量份的胡椒粉和7-9重量份的洋葱末混合制备而成。
本发明还提供一种由所述的畜禽心肉饼的制备方法制备的畜禽心肉饼。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的制备方法有效改善了畜禽心的凝胶特性,降低了产品中的饱和脂肪酸含量,使产品外观成型性好,口感有弹性,咀嚼性好,为畜禽心的综合利用提供了一个新的方向。本发明制备的肉饼具有高蛋白、低饱和脂肪酸、营养丰富等特点,为大众提供了一个新的健康食品选择。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现,部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明对比例1(a)、对比例2(b)和实施例3(c)制备的肉饼。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
应当理解,本文所使用的诸如“具有”、“包含”以及“包括”术语并不配出一个或多个其它元件或其组合的存在或添加。
需要说明的是,下述实施方案中所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,所述试剂和材料,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
实施例1:
本发明提供一种鸭心饼,其由如下步骤制得:
S0、预处理:洗去鸭心表面的血迹、污物,去除结缔组织、筋膜和脂肪,再将其置于清水中,并向清水中加入占所述清水质量2%的食盐和2%的酵母,混匀后,浸泡2h。
S1、绞碎:将预处理后的50重量份的鸭心用绞肉机绞碎,得碎鸭心;
S2、一次物性重组:向所得碎鸭心中加入10重量份的凝胶油、0.8重量份的食盐、1.7重量份的鸡蛋清、0.2重量份的碳酸钠和0.1重量份的复合磷酸盐,搅拌均匀后,密封静置2h,得肉糜;所述凝胶油的制备方法为:向菜籽油中添加占所述菜籽油质量10%的蜂蜡和0.3%的山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯,混合后加热至90℃,以200r/min保温恒速搅拌45min,取出,于室温下放置,待其冷却至室温后,转入4℃下储存3天,即得;
S3、二次物性重组:将所得肉糜放入斩拌机中,加入3重量份的淀粉、0.4重量份的卡拉胶、0.5重量份的黄原胶、0.1重量份的谷氨酰胺转胺酶和0.1重量份的酪蛋白酸钠,顺时针斩拌8min,边斩拌边加7重量份的冰水,至肉泥呈胶状,所述淀粉为玉米淀粉和木薯淀粉按质量比1:1混合制得;
S4、调味:向所得肉泥中加入7.2重量份的调味粉,顺时针斩拌5min,边斩拌边加7重量份的冰水,至混合均匀,所述调味粉由0.2重量份的胡椒粉和7重量份的洋葱末混合制备而成;
S5、成型、熟制:将调味后的肉泥用模具加工成型,每个鸭心饼的质量约为80g,直径为9cm,厚度为1.8cm,于油温110℃下煎制7min,冷却、检验、包装,即得。
实施例2:
本发明提供一种牛心饼,其由如下步骤制得:
S0、预处理:洗去牛心表面的血迹、污物,去除结缔组织、筋膜和脂肪,再将其置于清水中,并向清水中加入占所述清水质量2%的食盐和2%的酵母,混匀后,浸泡2h。
S1、绞碎:将预处理后的60重量份的牛心用绞肉机绞碎,得碎牛心;
S2、一次物性重组:向所得碎牛心中加入15重量份的凝胶油、1重量份的食盐、2.8重量份的鸡蛋清、0.3重量份的碳酸钠和0.3重量份的复合磷酸盐,搅拌均匀后,密封静置2h,得肉糜;所述凝胶油的制备方法为:向菜籽油中添加占所述菜籽油质量10%的蜂蜡和0.3%的山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯,混合后加热至90℃,以200r/min保温恒速搅拌45min,取出,于室温下放置,待其冷却至室温后,转入4℃下储存3天,即得;
S3、二次物性重组:将所得肉糜放入斩拌机中,加入5重量份的淀粉、0.6重量份的卡拉胶、0.7重量份的黄原胶、0.3重量份的谷氨酰胺转胺酶和0.3重量份的酪蛋白酸钠,顺时针斩拌10min,边斩拌边加9重量份的冰水,至肉泥呈胶状,所述淀粉为玉米淀粉;
S4、调味:向所得肉泥中加入9.4重量份的调味粉,顺时针斩拌8min,边斩拌边加9重量份的冰水,至混合均匀,所述调味粉由0.4重量份的胡椒粉和9重量份的洋葱末混合制备而成;
S5、成型、熟制:将调味后的肉泥用模具加工成型,每个牛心饼的质量约为80g,直径为9cm,厚度为1.8cm,,于油温120℃下煎制5min,冷却、检验、包装,即得。
实施例3:
本发明提供一种猪心饼,其由如下步骤制得:
S0、预处理:洗去猪心表面的血迹、污物,去除结缔组织、筋膜和脂肪,再将其置于清水中,并向清水中加入占所述清水质量2%的食盐和2%的酵母,混匀后,浸泡2h。
S1、绞碎:将预处理后的56重量份的猪心用绞肉机绞碎,得碎畜禽心;
S2、一次物性重组:向所得碎猪心中加入13重量份的凝胶油、0.9重量份的食盐、2.1重量份的鸡蛋清、0.26重量份的碳酸钠和0.24重量份的复合磷酸盐,搅拌均匀后,密封静置2h,得肉糜;所述凝胶油的制备方法为:向菜籽油中添加占所述菜籽油质量10%的蜂蜡和0.3%的山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯,混合后加热至90℃,以200r/min保温恒速搅拌45min,取出,于室温下放置,待其冷却至室温后,转入4℃下储存3天,即得;
S3、二次物性重组:将所得肉糜放入斩拌机中,加入4重量份的淀粉、0.5重量份的卡拉胶、0.56重量份的黄原胶、0.2重量份的谷氨酰胺转胺酶和0.2重量份的酪蛋白酸钠,顺时针斩拌9min,边斩拌边加入9重量份的冰水,至肉泥呈胶状,所述淀粉马铃薯淀粉;
S4、调味:向所得肉泥中加入8.3重量份的调味粉,顺时针斩拌7min,边斩拌边加入9重量份的冰水,至混合均匀,所述调味粉由0.3重量份的胡椒粉和8重量份的洋葱末混合制备而成;
S5、成型、熟制:将调味后的肉泥用模具加工成型,每个猪心饼的质量约为80g,直径为9cm,厚度为1.8cm,于油温115℃下煎制6min,冷却、检验、包装,即得;制得的猪心饼如图1(c)所示,成型好。
对比例1:
本发明提供一种猪心饼,其由如下步骤制得:
S0、预处理:洗去猪心表面的血迹、污物,去除结缔组织、筋膜和脂肪,再将其置于清水中,并向清水中加入占所述清水质量2%的食盐和2%的酵母,混匀后,浸泡2h。
S1、绞碎:将预处理后的56重量份的猪心用绞肉机绞碎,得碎畜禽心;
S2、斩拌:向所得碎猪心中加入13重量份的凝胶油、0.9重量份的食盐、2.1重量份的鸡蛋清、0.26重量份的碳酸钠、0.24重量份的复合磷酸盐、4重量份的淀粉、0.5重量份的卡拉胶、0.56重量份的黄原胶、0.2重量份的谷氨酰胺转胺酶和0.2重量份的酪蛋白酸钠,放入斩拌机中,顺时针斩拌9min,边斩拌边加入9重量份的冰水,至肉泥呈胶状,所述淀粉马铃薯淀粉;所述凝胶油的制备方法为:向菜籽油中添加占所述菜籽油质量10%的蜂蜡和0.3%的山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯,混合后加热至90℃,以200r/min保温恒速搅拌45min,取出,于室温下放置,待其冷却至室温后,转入4℃下储存3天,即得;
S3、调味:向所得肉泥中加入8.3重量份的调味粉,顺时针斩拌7min,边斩拌边加入9重量份的冰水,至混合均匀,所述调味粉由0.3重量份的胡椒粉和8重量份的洋葱末混合制备而成;
S5、成型、熟制:将调味后的肉泥用模具加工成型,每个猪心饼的质量约为80g,直径为9cm,厚度为1.8cm,于油温115℃下煎制6min,冷却、检验、包装,即得。制得的猪心饼如图1(a)所示,成型差。
对比例2:
本发明提供一种猪心饼,其由如下步骤制得:
S0、预处理:洗去猪心表面的血迹、污物,去除结缔组织、筋膜和脂肪,再将其置于清水中,并向清水中加入占所述清水质量2%的食盐和2%的酵母,混匀后,浸泡2h。
S1、绞碎:将预处理后的56重量份的猪心用绞肉机绞碎,得碎畜禽心;
S2、斩拌:向所得碎猪心中加入13重量份的猪油、0.9重量份的食盐、2.1重量份的鸡蛋清、0.26重量份的碳酸钠、0.24重量份的复合磷酸盐、4重量份的淀粉、0.5重量份的卡拉胶、0.56重量份的黄原胶、0.2重量份的谷氨酰胺转胺酶和0.2重量份的酪蛋白酸钠,放入斩拌机中,顺时针斩拌9min,边斩拌边加入9重量份的冰水,至肉泥呈胶状,所述淀粉马铃薯淀粉;
S3、调味:向所得肉泥中加入8.3重量份的调味粉,顺时针斩拌7min,边斩拌边加入9重量份的冰水,至混合均匀,所述调味粉由0.3重量份的胡椒粉和8重量份的洋葱末混合制备而成;
S5、成型、熟制:将调味后的肉泥用模具加工成型,每个猪心饼的质量约为80g,直径为9cm,厚度为1.8cm,于油温115℃下煎制6min,冷却、检验、包装,即得。制得的猪心饼如图1(b)所示,成型好。
实验例1:
本发明对比了不同生物蜡在不同浓度及不同冷却温度下凝胶油的持油特性,测试方法为:取制备的样品分别在4℃和25℃下冷却24 h后再将其稳定48 h后,取4 ml于10 ml的离心管中,称重记为m1,将离心管对称置于4℃的台式高速冷冻离心机中,转速8000 r/min,离心15 min,将不能结合的油进行离心分离。然后取出离心管,倒置以使析出的油完全沥出,称重为m2,并做3次平行实验,取平均值,持油率=m2/m1×100%。测试结果见表1。
表1
注:不同字母表示差异显著性(P<0.05),大写字母表示组内差异(蜂蜡、蜂蜡+0.3山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯、小烛树蜡、巴西棕榈蜡),小写字母表示组间差异(浓度)。
由表1可知,不同浓度的蜂蜡添加0.3%山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯制备的凝胶油在两个冷却温度下均具有最高的持油特性。
本发明进一步分析了不同浓度的蜂蜡,以及不同浓度的蜂蜡添加0.3%山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯制备的凝胶油的质构特性,质构测定方法为:将制备的凝胶油在4℃和25℃下冷却24 h再将其稳定48 h后,保持体系的均匀性及测试表面的平整度,于室温下进行测定,对样品进行两次压缩,采用TPA模式测定,测定参数:使用直径5 mm的圆柱形探针,测前速度2mm/s,测试中的速度1 mm/s,测后速度为2 mm/s,最小起始力5 g;形变百分率50%;数据收集频率100 Hz。并做6次平行实验,取平均值。测试结果见表2。
表2
注:同行字母不同,表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
由于不同浓度的蜂蜡,以及不同浓度的蜂蜡添加0.3%山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯制备的凝胶油的弹性、粘聚性、胶着性、咀嚼性和回复性无显著差异,故表2中未列出。从表2可以看出,采用10%蜂蜡添加0.3%山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯制备的凝胶油在4℃条件下存储3天后,硬度最高,达66.39g,与常用脂肪猪油的硬度相似,可用于替代猪油。
实验例2:
对实施例3、对比例1和对比例2制得的猪心饼进行感官评价,感官评价标准见表3、结果见表4。
表3
表4
注:表中分值为表3中色泽、滋味、口感和组织状态得分之和,不同字母表示差异显著性(P<0.05),大写字母表示组内差异(实施例3、对照组1、对照组2),小写字母表示组间差异(贮藏时间)。
从表4中可以看出,实施例3制得的猪心饼与对照组2制得的猪心饼的感官品质相当,且均优于对照组1,从图1中可看出,对照组1制得的猪心饼煎制后无法成型,实施例3和对照组2的猪心饼成型好,说明采用本发明的二次重组方法用凝胶油替代脂肪制备猪心饼是可行的。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。
Claims (6)
1.畜禽心肉饼的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、绞碎:将预处理后的畜禽心用绞肉机绞碎,得碎畜禽心;
S2、一次物性重组:向所得碎畜禽心中加入凝胶油、食盐、蛋清、碳酸钠和复合磷酸盐,搅拌均匀后,密封静置2h,得肉糜;
S3、二次物性重组:将所得肉糜放入斩拌机中,加入淀粉、卡拉胶、黄原胶、谷氨酰胺转胺酶和酪蛋白酸钠,斩拌8-10min,边斩拌边加冰水,至肉泥呈胶状;
S4、调味:向所得肉泥中加入调味粉,斩拌5-8min,边斩拌边加冰水,至混合均匀;
S5、成型、熟制:将调味后的肉泥用模具加工成型,于油温110-120℃下煎制5-7min后,冷却、检验、包装,即得;
所述畜禽心为猪心、牛心、鸭心或鸡心中的一种或几种;
所述凝胶油的制备方法为:向菜籽油中添加占所述菜籽油质量10%的蜂蜡和0.3%的山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯,混合后加热至90℃,以200r/min保温恒速搅拌45min,取出,于室温下放置,待其冷却至室温后,转入4℃下储存3天,即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的畜禽心肉饼的制备方法,其特征在于,所述畜禽心为50-60重量份、凝胶油为10-15重量份、食盐为0.8-1重量份、蛋清为1.7-2.8重量份、碳酸钠为0.2-0.3重量份、复合磷酸盐为0.1-0.3重量份、淀粉为3-5重量份、卡拉胶为0.4-0.6重量份、黄原胶为0.5-0.7重量份、谷氨酰胺转胺酶为0.1-0.3重量份、酪蛋白酸钠为0.1-0.3重量份和调味粉为7.2-9.4重量份。
3.如权利要求1所述的畜禽心肉饼的制备方法,其特征在于,所述预处理,具体为:洗去畜禽心表面的血迹、污物,去除结缔组织、筋膜和脂肪,再将其置于清水中,并向清水中加入占所述清水质量2%的食盐和2%的 酵母,混匀后,浸泡2h。
4.如权利要求1所述的畜禽心肉饼的制备方法,其特征在于,所述淀粉为玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉中的一种或几种。
5.如权利要求1所述的畜禽心肉饼的制备方法,其特征在于,所述调味粉由0.2-0.4重量份的胡椒粉和7-9重量份的洋葱末混合制备而成。
6.由如权利要求1-5任一所述的畜禽心肉饼的制备方法制备的畜禽心肉饼。
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