CN110366988A - A kind of balcony roof organic imitation field production equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic imitation field cultivation equipment on the roof of a balcony, which comprises a cultivation box using thermal insulation materials, a cover plate is arranged on the top of the cultivation box, a plurality of cultivation holes are arranged on the cover plate, and a water storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the cultivation box. A perforated plate is arranged between the water storage tank and the cultivation box, and the water storage tank is provided with a liquid-full return device, and the seepage water under the soil is full and discharged. With such arrangement, the roof of the balcony is well ventilated, even if the air is relatively sealed, the air can still enter the cultivation box from the gap around the stem of the plant. The evaporation rate of soil water in the cultivation box slows down, and the soil temperature is relatively stable, close to the average temperature, thus solving the problem of poor growth or death caused by high temperature and water shortage of plant roots in high temperature period; soil is easy to freeze and damage root system in low temperature frost period; heavy rain causes soil and Fertilizer loss blocks the sewer; stagnant water leads to anaerobic respiration of the root system to produce toxic substances; water evaporates quickly, and excessive watering often leads to soil salinization and hardening; the problem of large weed growth space. All experimental plant varieties grew well.

Description

A kind of organic imitation field cultivation equipment on the balcony roof

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of facility agricultural engineering, and more specifically relates to a balcony roof organic imitation field cultivation equipment.

Background technique

With the rapid development of urbanization in our country, shanty towns and urban villages have been transformed, which makes the sunshine and ventilation good, and the number and area of balconies and roofs suitable for plant cultivation have increased. Using reasonable cultivation facilities in these areas can realize the transformation of rooftops into farms and sky gardens, and balconies into vegetable gardens and private gardens, which can improve the urban ecological environment and produce organic fruits and vegetables, as well as enrich people's spiritual life. However, at present, the cultivation facilities on the roof of the balcony are relatively simple, and cannot effectively cope with the unfavorable conditions in the cultivation, such as high temperature, drought and low temperature freezing, strong wind and fast water evaporation. The plant growth environment is much harsher than field cultivation, resulting in poor growth and low crop yield.

The existing cultivation container is open, and the container wall has no heat preservation function. This kind of container can be cultivated on the ground, but there are big disadvantages in using it on the balcony roof: 1. There is sufficient sunshine in summer, which is suitable for most plants to grow, but the heat capacity of reinforced concrete on the balcony roof is low, and the temperature can reach up to 60 after noon in midsummer. Above ℃, if a small amount of ordinary cultivation pots or planting tanks are used for cultivation, the water in the soil is easily evaporated in high temperature and strong wind, and the plants absorb water vigorously and transpiration, which will easily lead to water shortage in the soil, and once the water is short, the soil temperature will rise rapidly. High, and general horticultural management does not recommend watering at noon on sunny days because the large temperature difference will cause adverse reactions to plants. The consequence of high temperature and water shortage is that the plants will grow poorly or die; 2. The soil is easy to freeze and damage the root system during the low temperature and frost period; 3. Heavy rain Or heavy rains cause soil and fertilizer loss to block sewers, and stagnant water leads to anaerobic respiration of roots to produce toxic substances; 4. Water evaporates quickly, and excessive watering often leads to soil salinization and hardening; 5. Weeds have a large growth space, especially It is the seedling stage of crops. 6. There is a lack of space and equipment for family seedling cultivation and cultivation of small and rare flowers.

Therefore, how to solve the problem that the water in the soil is easy to evaporate during the high temperature period, causing the plants to grow poorly or die due to high temperature and water shortage; the soil is easy to freeze and damage the root system during the low temperature and frost period; Toxic substances are produced by breathing; water evaporates quickly, and excessive watering times can easily lead to soil salinization and compaction; weeds have a large growth space; family seedlings, cultivation of small and rare flowers lack space and equipment, and become a problem for those skilled in the art to solve important technical issues.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic imitation field cultivation equipment on the roof of a balcony to solve the problem that the water in the soil is easy to evaporate during the high temperature period, causing the high temperature and water shortage of the plant to cause poor growth or death of the plant; the soil is easy to freeze and damage the root system during the low temperature frost period; heavy rain or Heavy rains cause soil and fertilizer loss to block sewers, and stagnant water causes anaerobic respiration of roots to produce toxic substances; water evaporates quickly, and excessive watering often leads to soil salinization and compaction; weeds have a large growth space; family seedlings, small and rare cultivation The lack of flowers and equipment.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

An organic imitation field cultivation equipment on the roof of a balcony, comprising a cultivation box for cultivating plants, the material of the cultivation box is thermal insulation material, the bottom of the cultivation box is provided with a water storage tank, the water storage tank and the cultivation box A perforated plate is arranged between them, so that the excess water in the soil of the cultivation box enters the water storage tank through the perforated plate, and the water storage tank is provided with a liquid-filled backflow device for drainage. The top is provided with a cover plate, and the cover plate is provided with a plurality of cultivation holes, and each of the cultivation holes is respectively provided with two half-moon-shaped temperature and humidity maintaining plates, and the two half-moon-shaped temperature and humidity maintaining plates are butted to form A plant exit hole for the plant stem to protrude from.

Preferably, a drip irrigation device is also included, and the drip irrigation device is provided with a plurality of drip irrigation heads, each of which extends into the cultivation box and is evenly distributed.

Preferably, a heat dissipation fan is also included, and the heat dissipation fan communicates with the cultivation box through a heat dissipation air inlet pipe.

Preferably, it also includes a soil humidity temperature sensor, a controller communicably connected with the soil humidity temperature sensor, a solenoid valve for controlling the opening or closing of the drip irrigation channel, and a place for placing the cooling fan, the solenoid valve and the The integrated box of the controller, the cooling fan and the electromagnetic valve are respectively communicatively connected with the controller, when the soil humidity temperature sensor detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box is lower than the preset value , the controller controls the solenoid valve to open, and the drip irrigation channel is opened; when the soil humidity temperature sensor detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box is higher than a preset value, the controller controls the solenoid valve to close , the drip irrigation channel is closed; when the soil humidity temperature sensor detects that the soil temperature in the cultivation box is higher than a preset value, the controller controls the cooling fan to open; when the soil humidity temperature sensor detects that the When the soil temperature in the cultivation box is lower than a preset value, the controller controls the cooling fan to be turned off.

Preferably, heating electric heating wires are laid in the cultivation box.

Preferably, it also includes a three-dimensional cultivation device, the three-dimensional cultivation device includes a lower pool at the bottom, an upper pool at the top, and a water pump for pumping water from the lower pool into the upper pool, the lower pool and the upper pool An upper water pipe is arranged between the upper water pools, the liquid-filled backflow device communicates with the lower water pool, and the upper water pool communicates with the drip irrigation device through a lower water pipe.

Preferably, the upper pool is in communication with the tap water pipe, and a float valve is provided between the tap water pipe and the upper pool. When the water level in the upper pool is lower than a preset position, the float valve is opened, and the water inlet channel open; when the water level of the upper pool is higher than the preset position, the float valve is closed and the water inlet channel is closed.

Preferably, at least one cultivation frame for placing the cultivation box is provided between the upper pool and the lower pool.

Preferably, the three-dimensional cultivation device is also provided with a deep-rooted plant cultivation box, and the depth of the soil in the deep-rooted plant cultivation box is greater than the depth of the soil in the cultivation box.

Preferably, a tool placement layer is provided at the bottom of the three-dimensional cultivation device.

In the technical solution provided by the present invention, a balcony roof organic imitation field cultivation equipment includes a cultivation box for cultivating plants, the bottom of the cultivation box is provided with a water storage tank, and a perforated plate is provided between the water storage tank and the cultivation box. The water in the soil of the cultivation box enters the water storage tank through the perforated plate. The water storage tank is provided with a liquid-filled backflow device for drainage. The top of the cultivation box is provided with a cover plate, and the cover plate is provided with a plurality of cultivation holes. With this setting, the ventilation on the roof of the balcony is better, and even if it is relatively sealed, the air can still enter the cultivation box from the gap around the stem of the plant, and the experiment shows that the soil in the cultivation box will shrink with the growth of the plant root system, and the inner wall of the cultivation box will produce gaps. And generate aerial roots on the soil surface, which can meet the needs of root system respiration. The evaporation rate of water in the cultivation box slows down, the soil temperature is relatively stable, close to the average temperature, and the excess water enters the lower water storage tank. After the water storage is full, it is discharged through the liquid full return device To the external water storage device, the water storage tank has the effect of heat preservation, which prevents the soil from freezing and damaging the root system during the low-temperature frost period. The top of the cultivation box is equipped with a cover plate, and the plant stems protrude from the cultivation hole to grow, which reduces the growth space of weeds, thus solving the problem. During the high temperature period, the water in the soil is easy to evaporate, causing the high temperature and water shortage of the plant to cause poor growth or death of the plant; the soil is easy to freeze and damage the root system during the low temperature and frost period; heavy rain or heavy rain causes soil and fertilizer loss to block the sewer, and stagnant water leads to anaerobic respiration of the root system to produce toxic substances ; Water evaporates quickly, and excessive watering times can easily cause soil salinization and compaction; there is a large space for weeds to grow; there is a lack of space and equipment for family seedlings and small rare flowers.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of cultivation box in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the organic imitation field cultivation equipment on the roof of the balcony in the embodiment of the present invention.

In Figure 1-2:

1-cultivation box, 2-water storage tank, 3-perforated plate, 4-stereoscopic cultivation device, 5-liquid full backflow device, 6-cultivation hole, 7-plant extension hole, 8-half-moon temperature and humidity maintaining plate, 9 - drip irrigation device, 10-soil humidity temperature sensor, 11-integrated box, 12-downwater pipe, 13-power supply circuit, 14-upper pool, 15-lower pool, 16-water pump, 17-upper water pipe, 18-float valve, 19-tool placement layer, 20-cultivation frame, 21-deep root plant cultivation box, 22-water level controller, 23-balcony ceiling fixing device, 24-solar power supply device, 25-wifi remote camera, 26-balcony railing, 27 -radiation air intake pipe, 28-heating electric heating wire.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementations obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The purpose of this specific embodiment is to provide an organic imitation field cultivation equipment on the roof of a balcony, which solves the problem that the water in the soil is easy to evaporate during the high temperature period, causing the high temperature and water shortage of the plant to cause poor growth or death of the plant; the soil is easy to freeze and damage the root system during the low temperature frost period; Heavy rain or heavy rain causes soil and fertilizer loss to block the sewer, and stagnant water causes anaerobic respiration of the root system to produce toxic substances; water evaporates quickly, and excessive watering times can easily cause soil salinization and compaction; weeds have a large growth space; family seedlings and cultivation There is a lack of venues and equipment for small and rare flowers.

Hereinafter, an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the examples shown below do not limit the content of the invention described in the claims in any way. In addition, all the contents of the configurations shown in the following embodiments are not limited to be essential to the solutions of the invention described in the claims.

Please refer to Figs. 1-2, this specific embodiment provides a kind of balcony roof organic imitation field cultivation equipment, including the cultivation box 1 for cultivating plants, the cultivation box 1 adopts thermal insulation material, preferably adopts extruded polystyrene board , extruded board is not easy to permeate water, can maintain a low thermal conductivity for a long time, and the price is moderate, polystyrene foam can also be used, and polyurethane foam material can also be used. Cultivation box 1 surface can be plank, thermoplastic plate, preferably adopt glass fiber reinforced plastics composite material, the glass fiber reinforced plastics cultivation box 1 appearance of brushing fluorocarbon paint on the surface is attractive in appearance, and outdoor service life can reach more than 20 years, has avoided white pollution to a certain extent. The organic nutrient soil is adopted in the cultivation box 1, which can imitate the environmental conditions of the field according to the organic production regulations to realize the planting of fruits and vegetables on the roof of the balcony. The bottom of the cultivation box 1 is provided with a water storage tank 2, the height of the water storage tank 2 is about 50 mm, the water storage tank 2 and the soil layer of the cultivation box 1 are separated by a porous plate 3, and the excess water in the soil of the cultivation box 1 passes through the porous plate 3 Enter water storage tank 2. The water storage tank 2 is provided with a liquid-full return device 5 for draining water, and the liquid-full return device 5 is a siphon, which is automatically emptied when the water level in the water storage tank 2 reaches a preset water level. The siphon tube is in an inverted U shape, one end is connected to the external drain pipe, and the other end is placed at the bottom of the water storage tank 2. The top of the siphon tube is close to the lower part of the perforated plate 3. As the water level in the water storage tank 2 rises, the water level in the siphon tube also rises. At the top of the top, the water begins to flow out. At this time, the residual air on the top is driven by the flowing water, and flows out together with the water in a negative pressure state, so that the water in the water storage tank 2 can be continuously sucked to the nozzle end near the bottom.

High 300 millimeters in the cultivation box 1, more than 500 millimeters in the deep root plant cultivation box. The top of cultivation box 1 is provided with cover plate, and the material of cover plate is identical with the material of cultivation box 1, offers the cultivation hole 6 of series diameter 75 millimeters on the cover plate, and hole spacing 150 millimeters, establishes two half-moon shapes in cultivation hole 6 Temperature and humidity keeping plate 8, the upper edge of two half-moon-shaped temperature and humidity keeping plates 8 protrudes 1 millimeter, and its upper end diameter is 77 millimeters, and the lower end diameter is 74.5 millimeters, and two half-moon-shaped temperature and humidity keeping plates 8 are inserted in the cultivation hole 6, Guaranteed not to fall. Two semi-moon-shaped temperature and humidity keeping plates 8 of the same size are docked, and the plant stretches out the hole 7 formed in the middle, and the hole diameter is 30 millimeters, and the plant stem stretches out the plant stretches out the hole 7 and grows, and the plant stretches out the hole 7 and is also a cultivation box 1. Provide channels for gas exchange with the outside world, and reduce the growth space of weeds. Take out two half-moon-shaped temperature-humidity maintaining plates 8 during cultivation operation and just can transplant seedlings or harvest, solve the disadvantage that the cover plate cannot sometimes be taken out when cultivating larger plants, and are convenient to maintain the temperature and humidity in the cultivation box 1 at ordinary times. The plant that does not have cultivation stretches out hole 7 and plugs in with sponge stopper. In the actual cultivation, the plant spacing and row spacing are determined in units of 150 mm according to the plant size. Leafy vegetables can use a plant spacing of 150 mm, peppers, eggplants, etc. can use 300 mm, and loofahs, cucumbers, bitter gourds, and tomatoes are larger.

With this setting, the roof of the balcony is well ventilated, even if the air is relatively sealed, it can still enter the cultivation box 1 from the gap around the stem of the plant, and experiments have shown that the soil in the cultivation box will shrink with the growth of the plant root system, and the inner wall of the cultivation box will produce gaps. , and generate aerial roots on the soil surface, which can meet the needs of root respiration.

In addition, the organic nutrient soil in the cultivation box 1 is made into a grain shape imitating the field, and the air permeability is very good. The water evaporation rate in the cultivation box 1 slows down, the soil temperature is relatively stable, close to the average temperature, high temperature and water shortage are avoided, water evaporation is slow, watering times are reduced, and soil salinization and hardening are avoided. Cultivation box 1 has thermal insulation effect, can prevent that soil freezing damages root system during low temperature frost period. Excess water enters the water storage tank 2 of the cultivation box 1 bottom, and after the water storage is full, it is discharged to an external water storage device through a siphon to prevent water accumulation.

In addition, because the equipment has the functions of heat preservation, cooling, heating, and moisturizing, the cover plate can be replaced with a shade net in summer, and can be replaced with a greenhouse film in winter, and heating wires 28 can be laid in the soil to form a A small greenhouse can be used to germinate, raise seedlings, and cultivate small and rare flowers on the perforated plate in the box.

For germination, two layers of wet towels can be spread on the porous plate 3, seeds are placed in the middle, and the soil heating electric heating wire 28 and the soil humidity temperature sensor probe are placed in the water in the water storage tank 2. Due to the convection characteristics of water, the germination temperature can be kept constant. , can be used for germination of melon leafy vegetable seeds.

For seedling raising and rare flower cultivation in high temperature period, the cover plate can be removed, and the top cover shade net to avoid direct sunlight, directly spread a thin layer of nutrient soil on the perforated plate, insert water-absorbing cotton sliver underneath, and place a biscuit pot on the soil Or commercially available small flower pots, planting seedlings and rare flowers in the pots, water can enter the upper soil layer from the lower water storage tank 2 by capillary action, and keep the moistening of the soil. Due to the good water absorption of the biscuit pot, affected by the air flow on the roof of the balcony, the water is easy to evaporate. After evaporation, the temperature in the cultivation box 1 decreases, and the surrounding soil is the same. The cold air sinks, and the surrounding and bottom are heat insulating materials. , In the whole cultivation box 1 just formed a moist and cool small environment like this. Commercially available small flowerpots have similar effects due to the evaporation of soil water and the evaporation of pot soil water on the perforated plate 3 . For the cultivation of seedlings in low temperature period and the cultivation of rare flowers that are not cold-resistant, it is only necessary to replace the upper insulation cover with a greenhouse film, which is similar to the germination operation. Because the cultivation box 1 has the functions of heat preservation and heat dissipation, it can meet the needs of home gardening.

As an optional implementation mode, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, a drip irrigation device 9 is also included, and the drip irrigation device 9 is provided with a plurality of drip irrigation heads, each drip irrigation head is stretched into the cultivation box 1, and is evenly distributed, and the drip irrigation head is directed toward the cultivation. The soil in Box 1 was watered.

In some embodiments, a cooling fan is also included, and the cooling fan communicates with the cultivation box 1 through a heat dissipation air inlet pipe 27. If the temperature in the cultivation box is higher, the cooling fan can blow heat into the cultivation box 1 to keep the soil temperature at 28°C. below ℃.

In the preferred solution of this embodiment, it also includes a soil humidity temperature sensor 10, a controller and a solenoid valve for controlling the opening or closing of the drip irrigation channel, and the soil humidity temperature sensor 10 and the solenoid valve are communicably connected with the controller respectively, when the soil When the humidity temperature sensor 10 detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box 1 is lower than the preset value, the controller controls the solenoid valve to open, and the drip irrigation channel is opened; when the soil humidity temperature sensor 10 detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box 1 is higher than the preset value value, the controller controls the solenoid valve to close, and the drip irrigation channel is closed; the cooling fan is communicatively connected to the controller, and when the soil humidity temperature sensor 10 detects that the soil temperature in the cultivation box 1 is higher than the preset value, the controller controls the heat dissipation The fan is turned on; when the soil humidity temperature sensor 10 detects that the soil temperature in the cultivation box 1 is lower than a preset value, the controller controls the cooling fan to turn off. With such a setting, the soil humidity and temperature can always be kept within a reasonable range during the peak season of plant growth. The soil humidity and temperature sensor can use Weimons brand soil humidity and temperature transmitter 4 ~ 20mA (model VMS-3000-TR-I20), the transmitter has soil moisture output line and soil temperature output line. In the solenoid valve, cooling fan and control circuit box 11, these two lines are respectively connected in series with the ground terminal of the power supply with a 100 ohm resistor, and there is a voltage change of 0.4-2.0 volts on the positive side of the resistor, corresponding to a current output of 4-20mA, and then respectively The above two resistors are connected to the adjustable resistor near the positive side, and then connected to the base of the NPN triode (such as 9013 model). Fan, when the soil humidity is dry, adjust the adjustable resistor to turn on the solenoid valve for drip irrigation, and when the soil temperature is high, adjust another adjustable resistor to turn on the cooling fan.

The controller, electromagnetic valve and cooling fan are all arranged in the integrated box 11 to prevent them from being easily damaged when exposed to the outside. The controller, the solenoid valve and the cooling fan are all connected with the solar power supply device 24 through the power supply circuit 13 .

Due to the narrow balcony area, the versatility of the equipment was necessary. As a preferred solution, this equipment also has the functions of germination acceleration and seedling cultivation in cold seasons. For example, many vegetable seeds such as bitter gourd and gourd need to be heated to accelerate germination, and they need to be heated to grow seedlings after germination in early spring. The porous plate 3 is equipped with a soil heating heating wire, just add an NPN transistor to the above temperature control circuit, and then connect a relay. The normally closed end of the relay is connected to the soil heating heating wire. temperature. When the heating temperature rises to the upper limit temperature, the relay operates and the heating circuit is cut off; when the heating temperature is lower than the upper limit temperature, the relay power supply circuit is cut off and the heating circuit is closed. There is also a cooling and heating switch to prevent the cooling fan from malfunctioning after heating, and switch the switch to the cooling gear when the temperature needs to be lowered in summer. Electric heating wire heating can adopt city electricity. For germination, two layers of wet towels can be spread on the porous plate 3, seeds are placed in the middle, and the soil heating electric heating wire 28 and the soil humidity temperature sensor probe are placed in the water in the water storage tank 2. Due to the convection characteristics of water, the germination temperature can be kept constant. , can be used for germination of melon leafy vegetable seeds.

In addition, the organic imitation field cultivation equipment on the roof of the balcony also includes a three-dimensional cultivation device 4. Since the area of the balcony is relatively narrow, a structure combining three-dimensional and plane cultivation is adopted. Pool 14 and the water pump 16 that is used to pump the water of lower pool 15 into upper pool 14, is provided with upper water pipe 17 between lower pool 15 and upper pool 14, and upper pool 14 communicates with drip irrigation device 9 through lower water pipe 12. It also includes a water level controller 22 electrically connected to the water pump. When the water level of the lower pool 15 is higher than the first preset position, the water level controller 22 controls the water pump to be turned on so that the water in the lower pool 15 is pumped by the upper water pipe 17. into the upper pool 14, and when the water level in the lower pool 15 is lower than the second preset position, the water level controller 22 controls the water pump to turn off. The water level controller 22 is connected with the solar power supply device 24 through the power supply circuit 13 . Further, the full liquid return device 5 communicates with the lower pool 15, so that the water storage tank 2 automatically siphons back into the lower pool 15 after the liquid is full. As adopting plane cultivation, when the balcony guardrail 26 is a metal structure, it can be fixed on the inside of the guardrail, or directly placed on the ground or other shelves.

As an optional embodiment, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the upper pool 14 communicates with the tap water pipe, and a float valve 18 is provided at 14 between the tap water pipe and the upper pool. When the 14 water level of the upper pool is lower than the preset position, When the ball float valve 18 is opened, the water inlet channel is opened; when the water level of the upper pool 14 is higher than the preset position, the ball float valve 18 is closed, and the water inlet channel is closed. Set up in this way, the upper pool 14 is automatically replenished with water to maintain an appropriate water level.

Further, at least one cultivation rack 20 for placing the cultivation box 1 is provided between the upper pool 14 and the lower pool 15 . The side of the three-dimensional cultivation device 4 that is positioned at the lower pool 15 is also provided with a deep-rooted plant cultivation box 21, and the structure of the deep-rooted plant cultivation box 21 is consistent with the cultivation box 1, and the depth of the soil layer of the deep-rooted plant cultivation box 21 is greater than the cultivation box 1 . Large-scale melon and fruit plants such as pumpkins and wax gourds have a large water demand, and they are cultivated with deep root plant cultivation box 21, with a height of 300 millimeters in the cultivation box 1, and a height of more than 500 millimeters in the deep root plant cultivation box 21. The bottom of the three-dimensional cultivation device 4 is provided with a tool placement layer 19 for placing the removed cover plate, cultivation hole accessories and plant protection tools, etc.

In order to keep the stability of the three-dimensional cultivation device 4, the top four corners of the shelf of the three-dimensional cultivation device 4 are provided with balcony ceiling fixing devices 23, and the balcony ceiling fixing device 23 adopts adjustable heightening foot pads, and the foot pads adopt an internal and external thread fitting structure , the outer side of the internal thread is inserted into the bracket pipe to fix, and one end of the external thread is a foot pad, which is screwed into the fixed internal thread to realize the telescopic function, and is closely fixed to the balcony ceiling. For energy conservation and environmental protection, this facility all adopts the power supply of solar photovoltaic power generation system, and the top of three-dimensional cultivation device 4 is provided with solar power supply device 24. Also be provided with wifi long-range camera 25 and remote control relay, can observe plant growth situation in real time with mobile phone or computer remotely, can remotely manually control equipment work such as water pump, electromagnetic valve. For better lighting, the whole device can be close to the balcony railing 26, and the water storage capacity and the cultivation box 1 quantity are determined according to the design load-bearing.

This equipment can also use manual watering mode after cutting off the solar power supply in rainy days. However, in the manual watering mode during the high temperature period, the growth of the plants is not as good as that of the automatic mode, the yield is not as high as that of the automatic mode, and the labor intensity is high. In the manual watering mode, it is tested that each box should be watered at least twice a day during the high temperature period.

Organic cultivation is simpler than nutrient solution cultivation. After adding nutrient soil and fertilizers, the usual management only needs to be watering, using pesticides allowed by organic production regulations, and topdressing organic liquid fertilizers during peak growing seasons.

A series of experiments were done on some main vegetables, grapes and figs on the southeast balcony and roof of the 6th floor according to the organic production regulations, which proved that the above effects can be achieved. The types of experiments include: peppers, tomatoes, eggplants, cowpeas, green beans, loofah, Cucumber, wax gourd, pumpkin, bitter gourd, watermelon, Chinese cabbage, water spinach, sweet potato, green onion, fungus, grape, fig, lettuce, amaranth, leek. All species have produced aerial roots on the soil surface, and there is no water accumulation in the container on the roof, and the plants are growing well. In midsummer, the growth has surpassed that of cultivated crops in the field, because at this time the field also begins to lack water and there are many dead branches and leaves due to the shading of the bottom layer, and there are many diseases and insect pests. On this basis, a shading net is installed on the cultivation frame in summer, and a film is installed around the cultivation frame in winter, and the cultivation effect will be better. This application combines the advantages of balcony roof cultivation: sufficient light; strong wind will not lack carbon dioxide; large temperature difference between day and night is conducive to sugar accumulation; relatively light pests and diseases; to a certain extent, it overcomes the current disadvantages of balcony roof cultivation: water disperses quickly, Sunny days are prone to drought and rainy days are prone to waterlogging; seedlings are burned at high temperatures and frozen at low temperatures; soil capacity is small and easy to harden and salinize. The acquisition of the above-mentioned advantages is mainly due to the fact that the organic imitation field cultivation equipment on the balcony roof of the application provides a more suitable and stable root growth environment that can meet the organic production regulations.

Field cultivation is suitable for root growth due to the deep soil layer, stable physical and chemical properties such as temperature, humidity, salinity, and PH value. The roof of the balcony is limited by the load-bearing capacity, and it is impossible to copy it. This application solves the problem of unstable root growth environment to a certain extent, so that the plants can grow under the environmental conditions close to the field. At the same time, organic nutrient soil such as pure mountain soil, decomposed crop straw and mineral powder are used, and concentrated biogas slurry is used as top dressing to prevent excessive heavy metals and pesticide residues. As for some people's suggestion that car exhaust in the air pollutes fruits and vegetables on balcony roofs, we believe that firstly, plants have the same function of degrading pollutants as growing flowers to purify the air, and that the stomata of plants absorb trace amounts of carbon dioxide in the air, which is similar to human respiration. Compared with gas exchange, it is much weaker, so it is superfluous to worry about the exhaust gas polluting the fruits and vegetables on the balcony and roof. In addition, the country is now making great efforts to improve the ecological environment. The urban ground greening is done well, and the vertical greening including the greening on the roof of the balcony is also done well. There are many pioneer plants to help purify the air, and people can breathe fresher air and eat healthier and cleaner. of fruits and vegetables. Organic cultivation is a sustainable green cultivation that best meets the needs of plants.

It should be noted that the devices or components with different functions in the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined. For example, the organic imitation field cultivation equipment on the roof of the balcony in this embodiment includes a cultivation box 1 for cultivating plants, and a cultivation box 1 The bottom of the bottom is provided with a water storage tank 2 of thermal insulation material, and a porous plate 3 is provided between the water storage tank 2 and the cultivation box 1, so that the excess water in the soil of the cultivation box 1 enters the water storage tank 2 through the porous plate 3, and the water storage tank 2 A siphon for drainage is provided, a cover plate is provided on the top of the cultivation box 1, and a plurality of cultivation holes 6 are arranged on the cover plate, and two half-moon-shaped temperature and humidity maintaining plates 8 are respectively arranged in each cultivation hole 6, two half-moon-shaped The temperature and humidity maintaining plates 8 are docked to form plant extension holes 7 for plant stems to extend. Also comprise drip irrigation device 9 and heat dissipation fan, drip irrigation device 9 is provided with a plurality of drip irrigation heads, and each drip irrigation head all stretches into cultivation box 1, and evenly distributes, and cooling fan communicates with cultivation box 1 by heat dissipation air inlet pipe 27. It also includes a soil humidity temperature sensor 10, a controller communicably connected with the soil humidity temperature sensor 10, and a solenoid valve for controlling the opening or closing of the drip irrigation channel. The cooling fan and the solenoid valve are respectively communicably connected with the controller. When the soil humidity When the temperature sensor 10 detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box 1 is lower than the preset value, the controller controls the solenoid valve to open, and the drip irrigation channel is opened; when the soil humidity temperature sensor 10 detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box 1 is higher than the preset value At this time, the controller controls the solenoid valve to close, and the drip irrigation channel is closed. Similarly, the soil high temperature control is realized by the controller controlling the cooling fan. Soil low temperature control: a heating electric heating wire 28 is laid in the cultivation box 1, and the heating electric heating wire 28 is connected to the mains, and the on-off is controlled by the controller through a relay. At the preset value, the controller turns on the heating electric heating wire circuit; when the soil humidity temperature sensor detects that the soil temperature in the cultivation box is higher than the preset value, the controller disconnects the heating electric heating wire circuit; the soil in the cultivation box 1 Cooling in summer and heating in winter and spring are selected through the switch to prevent the cooling fan from malfunctioning after heating. When cooling is required in summer, switch the switch to the cooling gear.

The organic imitation field cultivation equipment on the roof of the balcony also includes a three-dimensional cultivation device 4, and the three-dimensional cultivation device 4 includes a lower pond 15, an upper pond 14 and a water pump 16 for pumping the water of the lower pond 15 into the upper pond 14, the lower pond 15 and the upper pond An upper water pipe 17 is arranged between 14, and the liquid full return device 5 communicates with the lower water tank 15, and the upper water tank 14 communicates with the drip irrigation device 9 through the lower water pipe 12. The upper pool 14 is communicated with the water pipe, and 14 between the water pipe and the upper pool is provided with a ball float valve 18 . At least one cultivation frame 20 for placing the cultivation box 1 is provided between the upper pool 14 and the lower pool 15 . The three-dimensional cultivation device 4 is also provided with a deep-rooted plant cultivation box 21, and the depth of the soil in the deep-rooted plant cultivation box 21 is greater than the depth of the soil in the cultivation box 1.

In this way, the temperature of the root system will be lowered during the high temperature period, so that it can reach the average temperature of the local temperature or lower to the local wet bulb temperature; the soil will be prevented from freezing during the low temperature period; the soil will be prevented from being washed by rainwater, waterlogging will not occur, and water solubility will not be leached. Fertilizer will not block the sewer due to the outflow of mud; reduce the amount of watering, save water and avoid soil compaction and salinization. The disadvantage of frequent watering is that it will lead to the accumulation of salt in the soil and form a layer of salt frost on the surface, which is harmful to plant growth. Unfavorable, the experiment shows that in the seedling stage of the plant, even in the high temperature period, the soil can still be kept moist even if the soil is not watered for a week; there is no room for weeds to grow, and no weeding is required; the use of this facility for some small flowers and seedlings In the high temperature period, a small moist and cool environment can be created, and in the low temperature period, a small greenhouse can be formed; the evaporation of soil moisture can be reduced, and the soil can always be kept in a suitable moist state. In the experiment, almost all varieties have produced aerial roots on the soil surface. Aerial roots have a breathing function and can absorb moisture in the air, which is more conducive to plant growth. It can solve the problem of lack of space and equipment for family seedling cultivation and cultivation of small rare flowers. Moreover, the device has multiple uses, and can also be used for household food processing such as fermentation.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention are all Should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. a balcony roof organic imitation field cultivation equipment, is characterized in that, comprises the cultivation box (1) that is used for cultivating plants, and the material of described cultivation box (1) is insulation material, and the described cultivation box (1) A water storage tank (2) is provided at the bottom, and a perforated plate (3) is provided between the water storage tank (2) and the cultivation box (1), so that excess water in the soil of the cultivation box (1) can penetrate Pass through the perforated plate (3) into the water storage tank (2), the water storage tank (2) is provided with a liquid full backflow device (5) for drainage, and the top of the cultivation box (1) is provided with a cover plate , the cover plate is provided with a plurality of cultivation holes (6), each of the cultivation holes (6) is respectively provided with two half-moon-shaped temperature and humidity maintaining plates (8), and the two half-moon-shaped temperature and humidity maintaining plates (8) docking, to form a plant protruding hole (7) for the plant stem to protrude. 2. cultivation equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises drip irrigation device (9), and described drip irrigation device (9) is provided with a plurality of drip irrigation heads, and each described drip irrigation head all stretches into described cultivation box (1), and evenly distributed. 3. The cultivation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a cooling fan, and the cooling fan communicates with the cultivation box (1) through a cooling air inlet pipe (27). 4. cultivation equipment according to claim 3, is characterized in that, also comprises soil humidity temperature sensor (10), the controller that is communicatively connected with described soil humidity temperature sensor (10), is used to control drip irrigation channel to open or closed solenoid valve and an integrated box (11) for placing the cooling fan, the solenoid valve and the controller, the cooling fan and the solenoid valve are respectively communicably connected with the controller, when When the soil humidity temperature sensor (10) detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box (1) is lower than a preset value, the controller controls the solenoid valve to open, and the drip irrigation channel is opened; when the soil humidity temperature When the sensor (10) detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box (1) is higher than the preset value, the controller controls the solenoid valve to close, and the drip irrigation channel is closed; when the soil humidity temperature sensor (10) detects When the soil temperature in the cultivation box (1) is higher than the preset value, the controller controls the cooling fan to be turned on; when the soil humidity temperature sensor (10) detects that the soil temperature in the cultivation box (1) is When the soil temperature is lower than the preset value, the controller controls the cooling fan to turn off. 5. The cultivation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, a heating electric heating wire (28) is laid inside the cultivation box (1). 6. cultivation equipment according to claim 2, is characterized in that, also comprises three-dimensional cultivation device (4), and described three-dimensional cultivation device (4) comprises the lower pond (15) that is positioned at the bottom, the upper pond (14) that is positioned at the top ) and the water pump (16) used to pump the water of the lower pool (15) into the upper pool (14), the upper water pipe (16) is provided between the lower pool (15) and the upper pool (14) 17), the full liquid return device (5) communicates with the lower pool (15), and the upper pool (14) communicates with the drip irrigation device (9) through the lower water pipe (12). 7. The cultivation equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, the upper pool (14) is in communication with a water pipe, and a float valve (18) is arranged between the water pipe and the upper pool (14), When the water level of the upper pool (14) is lower than the preset position, the ball float valve (18) is opened, and the water inlet channel is opened; when the water level of the upper pool (14) is higher than the preset position, the ball float valve (18) is closed, and the water inlet channel is closed. 8. The cultivation equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one cultivation frame for placing the cultivation box (1) is provided between the upper pool (14) and the lower pool (15) (20). 9. cultivation equipment according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described three-dimensional cultivation device (4) is also provided with deep-rooted plant cultivation box (21), the depth of soil in described deep-rooted plant cultivation box (21) greater than the depth of the soil in the cultivation box (1). 10. The cultivation equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, the bottom end of the three-dimensional cultivation device (4) is provided with a tool placement layer (19).