CN110326783A - 一种基于鹿茸提取残渣的组合物制剂及其制备和应用 - Google Patents
一种基于鹿茸提取残渣的组合物制剂及其制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110326783A CN110326783A CN201910762854.6A CN201910762854A CN110326783A CN 110326783 A CN110326783 A CN 110326783A CN 201910762854 A CN201910762854 A CN 201910762854A CN 110326783 A CN110326783 A CN 110326783A
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Abstract
本发明涉及鹿茸残渣组合物制剂‑鹿茸胶质膏,其采用经过提取溶剂提取或经过蛋白酶酶解提取后的鹿茸固体残渣深加工产物及复合药材提取液为主要原料制得;其中,所述鹿茸固体残渣深加工产物经超微粉碎、煮制及酶解联合处理、螯合处理、胶质化处理一系列步骤制得,从而得到兼具补血及防治骨质疏松功效的制剂,用于保健食品及膳食补充剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可食用的膏状鹿茸残渣组合物制剂,具体地涉及兼具补血及防治骨质疏松功效的鹿茸残渣深加工膏状制剂及其制备方法,属于保健食品制备及膳食补充剂技术领域。
背景技术
鹿茸是雄鹿未骨化的嫩角,带茸、含血。鹿茸含有多种生物活性物质,成分极其复杂,主要有无机成分及有机成分,有机成分可分为水溶性、脂溶性和不溶性物质,例如卵磷脂等脂类、蛋白质、脂肪酸、氨基酸、维生素及丰富的钙、磷等微量元素成分,有生精补髓,养血益阳,强筋健骨功效。
虽然鹿茸营养价值高,但鹿茸为动物组织,硬度高,无法直接服用,因此通常对原材料进行初加工,如切片煎煮或者泡酒;或者粉碎加工成鹿茸粉。然而,无论是切片还是做成鹿茸粉,都无法去除其较大的腥味,人体的吸收率也较低。例如CN1166369提供一种纳米级鹿茸制品,由粒径在纳米级的鹿茸在水、植物油、动物油中形成的胶体状液或混悬液,尽管该发明产品中的所有成分以各种形态被细化到纳米级可以使成分被人体利用时达到最大的利用量,但是仍然处于初级加工阶段,无法去除产品自身的异味,且口感较差。
为改变这种粗放的加工方式,现有技术中开发了一些提取有效组分的工艺,例如用水解酶解法法或乙醇等有机溶剂进行提取蛋白或多糖等组分,但是由于鹿茸性质所限,只有少量的成分溶于水或者有机溶剂,造成提取率低,其它的营养成分流失掉,产生了极大地浪费。
例如CN201610494511提供一种鹿骨肽制品的制备方法,通过酶解将鹿骨中蛋白质降解,利用固定化亲和色谱材料富集具有螯合功能的肽,螯合肽可与不同的金属离子反应制备成为具有不同功效的鹿骨肽制剂,用作人体金属元素补充剂。
CN108913741公开了一种利用酶解法从鹿茸中提取纯化鹿茸活性寡肽和硫酸软骨素的方法,以水为溶剂,采用复合酶解法,分离出沉淀和上清液,并对沉淀进行二次酶解,在乙醇溶液中沉淀,最终采用纳滤、超滤浓缩、喷雾干燥的方法制得鹿茸寡肽、硫酸软骨素。所述方法包括:鹿茸水溶液制备、酶解法提取、乙醇沉淀析出、真空浓缩、纳滤、超滤、喷雾干燥等。
然而,上述酶解方法操作繁琐,引入了大量的杂质盐,只提取出少量肽及多糖成分,其余组分被当做副产物弃掉,鹿茸利用率极低。
例如,现有技术中被当做副产物弃掉的鹿茸残渣中含有的丰富钙、磷等微量元素成分,而这些元素对于贫血、骨质疏松人群具有良好的功效。与钙制剂及维生素D类化学药相比,鹿茸中的组分可以有效地防治贫血和骨质疏松等,且不具有钙制剂及化学药的副作用,且能从根本上消除引起骨质疏松的因素。然而,传统的水煎法和酒浸法服用时微量元素的含量非常低、钙离子等生物利用率更低,而且现有技术中没有对经过溶剂提取的鹿茸残渣进行合理加工的加工手段,使其组分易被人体吸收。
关于鹿茸的深加工,现有技术中报道的大多是将鹿茸磨粉酶解、分离纯化获得多肽类鹿茸提取物,然而这些多肽被消化道蛋白酶降解而失去活性,变成通常的氨基酸营养组分;而提取多肽后的鹿茸残渣则被弃掉或当做饲料,使得具有增强骨密度及补血功能的重要组分被浪费。例子可列举如CN109156584,其公开了一种鹿茸糖果片及其制备方法,制备方法如下:1)鹿茸粉的制备,选用的是蛋白酶酶解辅助超声波提取方法,提取后上清液喷雾干燥,过筛。2)鹿茸糖果片配方调配。鹿茸粉、果味粉、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、柠檬酸、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁按照一定比例混合,搅拌均匀,压片制得鹿茸果味咀嚼片。
因此,现有技术中缺乏对酶解提取或溶剂提取后的鹿茸固体残渣进行深加工的方法,使其具有改善的口感,从而充分发挥补血、防治骨质疏松等功效。基于此,有必要探索一种简便可行的办法,以实现高效的鹿茸提取残渣的深加工利用。
发明内容
为克服上述现有技术缺陷,本发明首要目的是提供一种改善口感的基于鹿茸固体残渣成分的组合物制剂及其制备方法。本所述制剂为膏状胶质制剂,口感好,易于吸收,且制备方法简单,易保存。
所述制剂基于酶解提取或溶剂提取后的鹿茸固体残渣进行深加工得到,克服了鹿茸本身具有的不良味道和口感,使其具有改善的口感,并充分发挥其补血、防治骨质疏松等效果。
本发明第二个目的是提供所述组合物制剂用于膳食补充剂的用途,所述用途包括补血以及防治骨质疏松。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下。
一种基于鹿茸固体残渣成分的组合物制剂,其采用经过提取溶剂提取或经过蛋白酶酶解提取后的鹿茸固体残渣深加工产物,以及复合药材提取液为主要原料;其中,所述鹿茸固体残渣加工产物由经过有效组分提取后的鹿茸固体残渣,经超微粉碎、煮制及酶解联合处理、螯合处理、胶质化处理一系列步骤制得;所述复合药材提取液由熟地黄、党参、红参及茯苓复合中药材提取得到。
具体地,第一个方面,本发明提供一种鹿茸固体残渣深加工产物-鹿茸沉淀胶,所述鹿茸固体残渣为鹿茸经过提取溶剂提取或经过蛋白酶酶解提取后的固体残渣。
本发明还提供所述的鹿茸沉淀胶的制备方法,其制备步骤如S1-S4所示。
步骤S1:对经提取的鹿茸残渣/沉淀原料进行超微粉碎预处理:
将经过提取溶剂提取或经过蛋白酶酶解提取后的鹿茸残渣沉淀进行低温烘干干燥,去除提取溶剂,然后用超微粉碎机粉碎至50μm以下,得到鹿茸残渣超微粉。
优选地,粉碎至40μm以下。
其中,所述的提取溶剂为水或乙醇等有机溶剂;所述的提取通常为利用回流提取等提取手段对鹿茸蛋白或肽、多糖等有效成分的提取,通过收集浓缩上清液或收集过滤滤液之后,剩余的固体残渣组分即为所述的鹿茸残渣/或沉淀原料。
步骤S2:对鹿茸残渣超微粉进行煮制及酶解联合处理:
(1)称取鹿茸残渣超微粉5-10倍质量的去离子水,取部分去离子水与鹿茸残渣超微粉混合,将所得混合料液用小型胶体磨进一步研磨得到浆料;向所得浆料中加入剩余去离子水,搅拌均匀,于115-121℃高压条件下煮制15-20min;
进一步地,可以取2-3倍质量的去离子水与鹿茸残渣超微粉混合。
(2)待浆料自然冷却至室温后,用50-100mM的磷酸调节溶液pH值至6.7-6.9,加入基于残渣超微粉质量0.5-1wt%的中性蛋白酶,在45-48℃下保温水解3-5h;
(3)酶解处理结束后,无需调节pH,置于加热釜在缓慢搅拌及微沸条件下持续煮制处理45-60min;自然冷却至室温。
该步骤中,由于仅采用中性蛋白酶酶解,无需用碱调节pH,因此不会引进或产生杂质盐,避免了后处理的除盐步骤。
步骤S3:钙、铁离子螯合反应:
将煮制处理后的料液用去离子水稀释配置成鹿茸残渣为10-15wt%的溶液,加入乳酸亚铁及CaCl2复合溶液,与料液中的多肽或氨基酸进行离子螯合,其中使钙、铁离子在体系中的浓度分别为0.5-2mM,于50-60℃、缓慢搅拌下螯合反应2-3h;反应结束后加热浓缩,即得螯合处理后的鹿茸残渣浓缩液。
其中,鹿茸残渣浓缩液固体组分含量为20-50wt%。
该步骤中,通过对内源性离子和外源性钙铁离子的螯合反应,可提高金属离子在人体的生物利用率。
步骤S4:对螯合处理后的鹿茸残渣浓缩液进行胶质化处理
(1)取适量明胶用6-10倍质量的去离子水在45-50℃的水浴中溶解,而后向其中加入明胶质量5-10wt%的海藻酸钠,搅拌20-30min,然后在搅拌条件下缓慢加入溶液质量1-5%的橄榄油,于剪切乳化机中乳化25-30min,得到乳化的胶质液组分;
优选地,加入溶液质量1-3%的橄榄油;
(2)待胶质液冷却至室温后,加入一定量的鹿茸残渣浓缩液,继续搅拌10-15min至均匀,然后冰浴冷却15-30min,得到胶质化处理混合液,即鹿茸沉淀胶;其中,鹿茸残渣浓缩液与乳化胶质液质量比为1:0.5-2;优选地,质量比为1:1-2。
第二个方面,本发明还提供包含上述鹿茸沉淀胶和复合药材提取液的鹿茸胶质膏,其制备步骤如下。
步骤S1:按上述步骤制备得到鹿茸沉淀胶组合物;
步骤S2:配制增效协同中药混合液辅助组分:
称取熟地黄、党参、红参、茯苓,置于提取罐中煎煮3-5h,冷却过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,得到复合药材煎煮浓缩液。
具体地,所述中药混合液提取步骤如下:
称取熟地黄粉5-6份、党参粉2-3份、红参粉3-5份、茯苓粉4-5份,置于提取罐中加入6-8倍重量的去离子水保持微沸状态煎煮3-5h,冷却至50-60℃后过滤,滤渣继续煎煮2-3h,将滤液合并后在温度60℃下减压浓缩,得到复合药材煎煮浓缩液;其中,控制浓缩液质量为药材重量的0.5-1.5倍。
步骤S3:复配及糊化处理:
按比例混合上述鹿茸沉淀胶质化处理液和复合药材煎煮浓缩液,置于浓缩釜中搅拌,得到混合料液;加入混合料液10-20wt%的冰糖、5-10wt%糊化淀粉、1-3wt%的脱脂乳粉,以及任选的果味香精,用浓度0.1-0.5wt%的羧甲基壳聚糖溶液作为稀释剂进行稀释定容至适当粘稠度,搅拌下加热,充分糊化后冷却,灭菌,分装;即得口感细腻的鹿茸胶质膏。
其中,按质量比1:0.01-0.1的比例合并上述鹿茸沉淀渣胶质化处理液和复合药材煎煮浓缩液。
优选地,按质量比1:0.01-0.05的比例合并上述鹿茸沉淀胶质化处理液和复合药材煎煮浓缩液。
进一步优选地,上述质量比选自1:0.01-0.03。
第三方面,本发明提供所述鹿茸沉淀胶或所述鹿茸胶质膏用于膳食补充剂或微量元素补充剂的用途。所述补充剂尤其适用于贫血人群或骨质疏松人群,兼具补气养血、增强骨质用途,且具有改善的口感。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
1)本发明基于溶剂提取鹿茸蛋白、多肽或多糖有效组分后的鹿茸固体残渣制备鹿茸胶质膏,属于对鹿茸副产物的深加工利用;避免了现有技术中直接食用带来的吸收率低、气味难闻等缺陷,加工方法无需使用大量强酸强碱,克服了酸碱化学试剂带来的营养成分流失,实现了鹿茸残渣固体沉淀最大化程度的利用,且产品具有较高的附加值。
2)本发明鹿茸胶质膏辅以外源性钙铁离子和补血型复合中药材,综合鹿茸固体组分中的内源性营养成分和中药材的有效成分,在补血和防治骨质疏松的基础上,还改善了产品适口性。除了贫血和骨质疏松人群之外,还适合其他各类年龄段广泛人群食用。另外,制剂中的羧甲基壳聚糖组分具有安全、抗菌特性,辅以明胶、海藻酸钠组分,提高了鹿茸膏制剂的物理机械强度,便于成型,具有类果冻形状,便于包装及储存运输。
3)本发明对鹿茸残渣进行超微粉碎后二次煮制及酶解处理,不仅可以降低异味,还可以增加分散性,释放内含的胶原蛋白、多肽,便于与微量元素离子之间的充分螯合,进而提升鹿茸内源性微量元素离子及添加的外源性钙铁离子在人体中的生物利用率,有利于提高人体骨密度,防止贫血和骨质疏松。
其中,在煮制后的酶解步骤中,避免了对酸碱条件严苛的胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶,采用中性蛋白酶,无需引入强酸强碱及杂质盐的生成,有效避免营养成分和活性成分的流失,并简化了后续的除盐等步骤。
4)本发明制备条件方法简便可行,反应条件温和,可大规模生产,并为鹿茸提取残渣副产物深加工的开发提供了新的方法。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体制备例对本发明进行详细说明,但这些实施方式仅用来例举,并非对保护范围构成任何限定,更非将本发明的保护范围局限于此。
实施例1
制备鹿茸沉淀胶
(1)将经过乙醇/水双重溶剂提取蛋白和多糖有效组分后的鹿茸残渣过滤物在60℃下进行烘干干燥,去除提取溶剂,然后用超微粉碎机粉碎至30-50μm,得到鹿茸残渣超微粉。
(2)称取1公斤干燥后的鹿茸残渣超微粉与3L去离子水混合,将所得混合料液用胶体磨研磨得到浆料;向所得浆料中加入5L去离子水,搅拌均匀,于115℃高压条件下煮制15min;待浆料自然冷却至室温后,用100mM磷酸调节溶液pH值至6.8,加入10g中性蛋白酶在45℃下保温水解5h;酶解处理结束后,无需调节pH,直接置于加热釜中在缓慢搅拌及微沸条件下持续煮制处理45min,自然冷却至室温。
(3)将煮制处理后的料液用去离子水稀释配置成质量10kg的溶液,加入乳酸亚铁及CaCl2复合溶液,使钙、铁离子在溶液中的浓度分别为0.5mM、1.5mM,于55℃、缓慢搅拌条件下螯合反应3h;反应结束后加热浓缩至固含量约为36wt%,即得螯合处理后的鹿茸残渣浓缩液。
(4)取0.25kg明胶用1.5L去离子水在50℃的水浴中溶解,然后向其中加入15g海藻酸钠搅拌20min,然后在搅拌条件下缓慢加入7.5g橄榄油,于剪切乳化机中乳化30min,得到乳化的胶质液组分;待胶质液冷却至室温后,加入1.5kg上述步骤制备的鹿茸残渣浓缩液,继续搅拌10-15min至均匀,然后冰浴冷却30min,得到约3.2kg胶质化混合液,即鹿茸沉淀胶。
实施例2
制备食用鹿茸胶质膏1
(1)称取熟地黄粉50g、党参粉20g、红参粉35g、茯苓粉45g,置于提取罐中加入1L去离子水保持微沸状态煎煮4h,冷却至50℃后过滤,滤渣继续煎煮2h,将滤液合并后在温度60℃下减压浓缩至约150ml,得到复合药材煎煮浓缩液。
(2)将上述复合药材煎煮浓缩液与上述实施例1制备的鹿茸胶质化混合液3kg置于浓缩釜中混合搅拌,得到混合料液;混合均匀后向其中加入420g冰糖、200g糊化淀粉、50g脱脂乳粉,用浓度0.2wt%的羧甲基壳聚糖溶液作为稀释溶液稀释至总重约5kg,搅拌下加热,待充分糊化后自然冷却即得口感细腻的鹿茸胶质膏,灭菌,分装。
实施例3
制备食用鹿茸胶质膏2
(1)称取熟地黄粉60g、党参粉30g、红参粉30g、茯苓粉40g,置于提取罐中加入1.5L去离子水保持微沸状态煎煮4.5h,冷却至50℃后过滤,滤渣继续煎煮2h,将滤液合并后在温度60℃下减压浓缩至约165ml,得到复合药材煎煮浓缩液。
(2)将上述复合药材煎煮浓缩液120ml与上述实施例制备的鹿茸胶质化混合液3kg置于浓缩釜中混合搅拌,得到混合料液;混合均匀后向其中加入520g冰糖、255g糊化淀粉、65g脱脂乳粉,以及少量菠萝香精,用浓度0.2wt%的羧甲基壳聚糖溶液作为稀释溶液稀释至物料总重约5.2kg,搅拌下加热,待充分糊化后自然冷却即得果味鹿茸胶质膏,灭菌,分装。
效果例1
口感实验
随机选取不同性别、不同年龄段(18-50岁)的30名志愿者,分别对上述实施例1至实施例3产物及对照组的产品进行口感品尝,根据入口顺滑程度或口感细腻程度,以及味道接受程度两方面进行判断,选取半数人以上的判断结果为该组产品最终判断结果。其中,口感及味道判断标准为:+++(良好)、++(较好)、+(一般)、-(较差);其中对照组产品为实施例1中的鹿茸残渣超微粉直接溶于蒸馏水制得的50wt%冲饮品。结果见下表1。
表1口感及味道测试结果
由上表可知,实施例2和3的产品口感最佳,实施例3的味道接受程度最高,实施例1的鹿茸沉淀胶细腻程度较好,味道一般;而未经任何处理的鹿茸残渣超微粉饮品口感和气味均较差,不易被人群接受。
效果例2
药效学实验
选取百日龄雄性SD大鼠(体重范围270-300g),随机分为对照组、正常组和试验组(包括试验1组和试验2组,即分别补充本发明实施例1、2组合物产品的组),每组10只。试验期2个月。试验方法为:正常组每日饲喂大鼠正常饲粮,其余各组大鼠每日饲喂低钙饲粮(钙含量为正常饲粮含量的30%);另外,在实验初期每隔两天腹腔注射环磷酰胺(50mg/kg),连续注射3次以模拟骨髓抑制模型。试验组按3g/kg每日灌胃本发明实施例产品;所有大鼠饲养条件相同,自由摄食饮水(饮用蒸馏水)。实验结束时麻醉处死动物,取外周血测血钙含量(mM)、红细胞计数(RBC,亿/ml)、血小板数(PLT,亿/ml);取胫骨,剔除肌肉用乙醇洗涤后利用骨密度仪做骨密度扫描从而测量骨密度(g/cm2)。测量参数采用SPSS 10.0软件进行方差分析。结果如下表2所示。
表2产品对大鼠骨密度及血液学指数的影响
低钙饲料和化学试剂导致的骨髓抑制会影响大鼠正常的骨生长及血液学指标,造成骨发育不良和贫血等症状。具体地,钙的摄入不足造成骨合成原料不足,使得血中钙减少,破骨细胞移走骨骼中钙进入血液,进而产生骨质疏松、骨密度下降、骨量减少等一系列症状。
如表2所示,与正常组比较,对比组大鼠外周血红细胞及血小板计数显著降低(P<0.01);与对比组比较,本发明产品制剂能明显提高外周血红细胞及血小板含量,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。同时,本发明产品制剂组合物对缺钙造成的骨密度及血钙降低均有显著的缓解效果(P<0.05),试验组大鼠相对于对比组大鼠的骨密度及血钙含量明显增加,说明本发明制剂补血、防治骨质疏松效果明显。
应说明的是:以上各实施例并非对本发明的限制;本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:对实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改或者替换并不脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种鹿茸胶质膏的制备方法,包括由鹿茸提取残渣制备鹿茸沉淀胶的步骤以及与复合药材提取液复配的步骤;其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
S1:将经过提取溶剂提取或经过蛋白酶酶解提取后的鹿茸残渣或沉淀进行低温烘干干燥,去除提取溶剂,然后用超微粉碎机粉碎至50μm以下,得到鹿茸残渣超微粉;其中,所述的提取溶剂为水或有机溶剂;
S2:对鹿茸残渣超微粉进行煮制及酶解联合处理:
其中,煮制后采用中性蛋白酶进行酶解;
S3:螯合处理:将上述步骤处理后的料液用去离子水配置成固含量10-15wt%的溶液,加入乳酸亚铁及CaCl2复合溶液于50-60℃、缓慢搅拌下螯合反应2-3h;反应结束后加热浓缩,即得螯合处理后的鹿茸残渣浓缩液;
其中,钙、铁离子在体系中的浓度分别为0.5-2mM;
S4:对螯合处理后的鹿茸残渣浓缩液进行胶质化处理:
(1)制备含明胶的乳化胶质液组分;
(2)待胶质液冷却至室温后,加入一定量的鹿茸残渣浓缩液,继续搅拌10-15min至均匀,然后冰浴冷却,得到胶质化处理混合液,即鹿茸沉淀胶;
其中,鹿茸残渣浓缩液与乳化胶质液质量用量比为1:0.5-2;
优选地,质量比为1:1-2;
S5:配制增效中药混合液辅助组分:称取比例量的熟地黄、党参、红参、茯苓,置于提取罐中煎煮,冷却,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩得到复合药材煎煮浓缩液,即增效中药混合液;
S6:复配及糊化处理:按比例量混合上述步骤制备的鹿茸沉淀胶质化处理液和复合药材煎煮浓缩液,置于浓缩釜中搅拌得到混合料液;加入混合料液10-20wt%的冰糖、5-10wt%糊化淀粉、1-3wt%的脱脂乳粉,以及任选的果味香精,用浓度0.1-0.5wt%的羧甲基壳聚糖溶液作为稀释剂进行稀释至适当粘稠度,搅拌条件下加热糊化,充分糊化后冷却,即得所述的鹿茸胶质膏。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2对鹿茸残渣超微粉进行煮制及酶解联合处理的具体操作如下:
(1)称取鹿茸残渣超微粉及5-10倍质量的去离子水,取部分去离子水与鹿茸残渣超微粉混合,将所得混合料液用胶体磨研磨得到浆料;向所得浆料中加入剩余去离子水,搅拌均匀,于115-121℃高压条件下煮制15-20min;
(2)待浆料自然冷却至室温后,用磷酸调节溶液pH值至6.7-6.9,加入基于残渣超微粉质量0.5-1wt%的中性蛋白酶,在45-48℃下保温水解3-5h;
(3)酶解处理结束后,无需调节pH,置于加热釜在缓慢搅拌及微沸条件下持续煮制处理45-60min;自然冷却至室温。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中制备乳化的胶质液组分具体操作如下:
取适量明胶用6-10倍质量的去离子水在45-50℃的水浴中溶解,向其中加入明胶质量5-10wt%的海藻酸钠,搅拌20-30min,然后在搅拌条件下缓慢加入溶液质量1-5wt%的橄榄油,于剪切乳化机中乳化25-30min,得到乳化的胶质液组分;
优选地,加入溶液质量1-3%的橄榄油。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S5的中药混合液提取操作如下:
称取熟地黄粉5-6份、党参粉2-3份、红参粉3-5份、茯苓粉4-5份,置于提取罐中加入6-8倍重量的去离子水保持微沸状态煎煮3-5h,冷却至50-60℃后过滤,滤渣继续煎煮2-3h,将滤液合并后在温度60℃下减压浓缩,得到复合药材煎煮浓缩液;其中,控制浓缩液质量为药材重量的0.5-1.5倍。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S6中,按质量比1:0.01-0.1的比例合并所述鹿茸沉淀胶质化处理液和复合药材煎煮浓缩液;
优选地,按质量比1:0.01-0.05的比例合并上述鹿茸沉淀胶质化处理液和复合药材煎煮浓缩液。
6.一种鹿茸胶质膏,其特征在于,所述鹿茸胶质膏由鹿茸沉淀胶和复合药材提取液为主要原料制得;其中,所述鹿茸沉淀胶由鹿茸固体残渣经超微粉碎、煮制及酶解联合处理、螯合处理、胶质化处理步骤制得,所述复合药材提取液由熟地黄、党参、红参及茯苓复合药材提取得到;其中,所述鹿茸固体残渣为鹿茸经过溶剂提取或经过蛋白酶酶解提取后的固体残渣。
7.一种鹿茸沉淀胶,其特征在于,由经过溶剂提取或经过蛋白酶酶解提取后的鹿茸固体残渣,经超微粉碎、高温煮制及酶解联合处理、螯合处理、胶质化处理制得。
8.一种由鹿茸提取残渣制备鹿茸沉淀胶的方法,其特征在于,包括如下具体步骤:
S1:将经过提取溶剂提取或经过蛋白酶酶解提取后的鹿茸残渣或沉淀进行低温烘干干燥,去除提取溶剂,然后用超微粉碎机粉碎至50μm以下,得到鹿茸残渣超微粉;
S2:对鹿茸残渣超微粉进行煮制及酶解联合处理:
(1)称取鹿茸残渣超微粉及5-10倍质量的去离子水,取部分去离子水与鹿茸残渣超微粉混合,将所得混合料液用胶体磨研磨得到浆料;向所得浆料中加入剩余去离子水,搅拌均匀,于115-121℃高压条件下煮制15-20min;
(2)待浆料自然冷却至室温后,用磷酸调节溶液pH值至6.7-6.9,加入基于残渣超微粉质量0.5-1wt%的中性蛋白酶,在45-48℃下保温水解3-5h;
(3)酶解处理结束后,置于加热釜在缓慢搅拌及微沸条件下持续煮制处理45-60min;自然冷却至室温;
S3:将上述步骤处理后的料液用去离子水配置成固含量10-15wt%的溶液,加入乳酸亚铁及CaCl2复合溶液于50-60℃、缓慢搅拌下螯合反应2-3h;反应结束后加热浓缩,即得螯合处理后的鹿茸残渣浓缩液;
S4:对螯合处理后的鹿茸残渣浓缩液进行胶质化处理:
(1)取适量明胶用6-10倍质量的去离子水在45-50℃的水浴中溶解,向其中加入明胶质量5-10wt%的海藻酸钠,搅拌20-30min,然后在搅拌条件下缓慢加入溶液质量1-5wt%的橄榄油,于剪切乳化机中乳化25-30min,得到乳化的胶质液组分;
(2)待胶质液冷却至室温后,加入一定量的鹿茸残渣浓缩液,继续搅拌10-15min至均匀,然后冰浴冷却,得到胶质化处理混合液,即鹿茸沉淀胶。
9.如权利要求6所述的鹿茸胶质膏或由权利要求1-5所述方法制备得到的鹿茸胶质膏作为各类人群膳食补充剂或微量元素补充剂的用途。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其特征在于,所述人群选自贫血人群或骨质疏松人群。
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