CN110313396A - A method of supermale strain is obtained using asparagus male both sexes strain - Google Patents
A method of supermale strain is obtained using asparagus male both sexes strain Download PDFInfo
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- CN110313396A CN110313396A CN201910117595.1A CN201910117595A CN110313396A CN 110313396 A CN110313396 A CN 110313396A CN 201910117595 A CN201910117595 A CN 201910117595A CN 110313396 A CN110313396 A CN 110313396A
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- 244000003416 Asparagus officinalis Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 241000234427 Asparagus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000013020 embryo development Effects 0.000 description 3
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/10—Asparagus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method for obtaining supermale strain using asparagus male both sexes strain, comprising the following steps: (1) is selfed asparagus male both sexes strain, obtains excellent female plant and homozygous staminiferous plant seed；(2) homozygous female plant and homozygous staminiferous plant seed are planted, homozygous staminiferous plant and excellent female plant are subjected to test cross, harvest test cross kind；(3) plantation test cross kind observes every plant of colored gender of each combination to blooming in time when blooming, and combination standard-sized sheet male flower is all-male system, and the male parent of all-male system is supermale strain.In entire self cross and selection, homogeneity type staminiferous plant (zygoid staminiferous plant) is elected using hybrid method, is then hybridized with homogeneity type staminiferous plant with excellent female plant, all staminiferous plants of offspring, i.e. all-male system, is laid the foundation to cultivate all-male kind in next step.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for obtaining supermale strain using asparagus male both sexes strain.
Background technique
Asparagus dioecism, in natural conditions, the strain number of asparagus staminiferous plant and female plant substantially respectively account for half.Asparagus gender is
It is controlled by a pair of of separate gene.Female plant is homogeneity type, and male is heterozygous；And the genetic development of asparagus male both sexes strain is different
In female, staminiferous plant.Their homophyletics can be selfed, and self progeny 75% is staminiferous plant, and 25% is female plant；And phene is identical
75% staminiferous plant, genotype be not again identical: wherein 1/3 is homogeneity staminiferous plant, and 2/3 is heterogeneous staminiferous plant.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems in the existing technology, surpassed the present invention provides a kind of using the both sexes strain of asparagus male
The method of staminiferous plant.
The present invention provides a kind of method for obtaining supermale strain using asparagus male both sexes strain, comprising the following steps:
(1) asparagus male both sexes strain is selfed, obtains excellent female plant and homozygous staminiferous plant seed；
(2) homozygous female plant and homozygous staminiferous plant seed are planted, homozygous staminiferous plant and excellent female plant are subjected to test cross, harvest test cross
Kind；
(3) plantation test cross kind observes every plant of colored gender of each combination to blooming in time when blooming, and combination standard-sized sheet male flower is
All-male system, the male parent of all-male system are supermale strain.
Preferably, in step (1), comprising the following steps:
1) vernalization is carried out to asparagus male both sexes strain seed；
2) seed after vernalization is sowed；
3) field planting ditch is dug, ditch is filled out in fertilising, and transplant planting, band soil block are carried out when the asparagus seedling aerial stem of plant grows three or more
Seedling is risen, is colonized in field planting ditch, bamboo shoot seedling plateau is lower than field planting ditch surface 10-12cm, watering；
4) the asparagus male both sexes strain of field planting is subjected to bagging selfing, screens staminiferous plant therein, after selfed seed is mature,
Harvest seed；The sowing and selfing for carrying out aforesaid way again obtain excellent female plant and homozygous staminiferous plant；
5) after pollinating, fertilizer and diseases prevention insect prevention are imposed in time；
6) seed is harvested.
Preferably, in step 1), the vernalization method particularly includes: rinsed first with water, then use 30-40 DEG C of temperature
Water impregnates 45-50h, changes water 1-2 times a day, after seed sufficiently absorbs water, water is filtered off, 20-25 DEG C of progress vernalization, daily with clear
Water is eluriated once, can be sowed when seed has 10% budding.
Preferably, the fertilizer is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=15:15:15 compound fertilizer, dosage 80- in step 5)
100kg/667m2。
Preferably, excellent female plant and homozygous staminiferous plant are subjected to test cross blooming peak period in step (2), after pollination,
Fertilizer and diseases prevention insect prevention are imposed in time, and seed is mature, harvests test cross kind.
The present invention provide it is a kind of using asparagus male both sexes strain obtain supermale strain method adopted in entire self cross and selection
Homogeneity type staminiferous plant (zygoid staminiferous plant) is elected with hybrid method, is then hybridized with homogeneity type staminiferous plant with excellent female plant,
The all staminiferous plants of offspring, i.e. all-male system lay the foundation to cultivate all-male kind in next step.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes part of specification, with reality of the invention
It applies example to be used to explain the present invention together, not be construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structure of asparagus.
Fig. 2 is that Fruit of Asparagus compares figure.
Fig. 3 compares for asparagus seeds.
Fig. 4 is the part both sexes strain of Field Screening and the seed of both sexes strain self-fertility.
Fig. 5 is both sexes strain selfing and schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is asparagus test cross canopy.
Fig. 7 is planting experiment figure in asparagus test cross seed canopy.
Fig. 8 is asparagus test cross schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment below facilitates a better understanding of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experiment in following embodiments
Method is unless otherwise specified conventional method.Test material as used in the following examples is unless otherwise specified city
It sells.
The biological characteristics of asparagus male both sexes strain (hereinafter referred to as " both sexes strain ") can be from the dominant property of flower, fruit, seed
It is reflected on shape.It is in particular in:
1, the structure of flower.Male flower on general staminiferous plant is more elongated, faint yellow, there is 6 pieces of healthy and strong stamens, yellow anther, female
Stamen is degenerated completely, and no column cap cannot produce seeds.For female flower on female plant compared with tubbiness, one piece of Stamen development is normal, have sound ovary and
Column cap, stamen high degradation can produce seeds；The flower of asparagus male both sexes strain is hermaphrodite flower.Flower-shape is as male flower, and 6 pieces of stamen developments are just
Often, there are also one piece of gynoeciums not exclusively degenerated, and have ovary, but smaller than the ovary of female flower, can bear seeds after self-pollination, but solid
Rate is low, and maturing rate is also very low (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1 is the structure of asparagus.Wherein, 1 is female flower, and 2 be male flower, and 3 be hermaphrodite flower.
2, fruit color, shape.In the fruit of both sexes strain be up to one piece of seed, some even without；Fruit color one
As for light red, shape it is small, bell in hanging；It can 6 pieces of seeds of knot in the fruit of female plant；Fruit color is generally peony, shape
Greatly, rounded (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2 is that Fruit of Asparagus compares figure.Wherein, left side is female plant fruit；Right side is both sexes strain fruit.
3, seed.Selfed seed major part shape in both sexes strain is different, and shape is small, develops unsound.Most of selfing
Kind is without kind of skin or kind Pi Buquan；The kind full person of skin only accounts for very little ratio, and it is also very soft to plant skin；Found through dissection: some without embryo, have
Imperfect, the few embryonic development of embryonic development is sound.And the shape of the seed on female plant is big, recessed on one side, slightly corner angle, mature seed
In black, epidermis is smooth, plants cornification, and find through dissection: embryonic development perfects (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3 compares for asparagus seeds.Wherein, 1 is cenospecies seed；2 be selfed seed seed.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method obtaining supermale strain using asparagus male both sexes strain is as follows:
1, the collection of asparagus germ plasm resource
Germ plasm resource is the important foundation of breeding of new variety, and the applicant pays much attention to the introduction of asparagus germ plasm resource, receives
Work is evaluated and applied to collection.Since 2013, the applicant collected extensively, introduces asparagus germ plasm resource.Pass through multiple channel
From the domestic and international Soybean germplasm introduction resource such as the U.S., Germany, Holland, Beijing, Jiangxi, wild asparagus resource was collected from Inner Mongol, was amounted to
34 parts (table 1).
1 asparagus germ plasm resource list of table
2, screening, plantation and the character investigation of asparagus both sexes strain
The screening of 2.1 asparagus both sexes strains
Continuous 5 years of 2014-2018 has found male 35 plants of strain of both sexes in research process to germ plasm resource complete observation altogether,
Wherein Dutch 25 plants of all-male, 4 plants of Ji Neimu, harvests 3259 seeds, sunning is placed on sulfuric acid paper bag in 7 days altogether by 6 plants of West Germany's all-male
In be stored in -20 DEG C of refrigerators and save backup.The both sexes strain single plant screened is marked every year, to the knot of all both sexes strains
The characters such as real rate, maturing rate, packet header tightness, anti-stem wilt, fertility index have carried out system research.Table 2 lists all two
The investigation result of property strain.
- 2018 years 2 2014 years asparagus male both sexes strain field investigation tables of table
Fig. 4 is the part both sexes strain of Field Screening and the seed of both sexes strain self-fertility.
The plantation of 2.2 asparagus both sexes strain selfed seeds
2.2.1 the preparation of nursery
In Weifang academy of agricultural sciences Demonstration Garden greenhouse, furrow, the long 10m of furrow, the wide 1.2m of furrow, furrow ridge height are done in grade, north and south
Then 20cm wipes out furrow face and prepares seeding and seedling raising.
2.2.2 vernalization
2015-2018 first carries out seed (the both sexes strain seed that front harvests) rinsing with cold water on March 15 or so, and drift is gone
Then jejune flat kind and kind of damaging by worms impregnate 48h with 30-40 DEG C of warm water, change water 1-2 times a day, sufficiently absorb water to seed
Afterwards, water elimination is contained in basin, 20-25 DEG C of progress vernalization.To prevent bored kind, eluriated daily with clear water primary.When seed has
It can be sowed when 10% or so budding.
2.2.3 sowing
Using feeding block seedlings raising, furrow face is filled with enough pre-sowing water before broadcasting, after water infiltration is lower, the seed simple grain program request of bud will have been urged
In nutritive cube, then soil is equably sieved in furrow face with sieve, earthing thickness 2cm or so.
2.2.4 field planting
(1) dig field planting ditch: through ploughing deeply leveling ground on, by north and south row to, accomplish fluently straight line by line-spacing 1.5m requirement,
Field planting ditch, furrow width 40cm-50cm, ditch depth 40cm are dug along straight line.
(2) ditch is filled out in fertilising: by 2000kg/666.7m2Farmyard manure (all may be used with chicken manure, rabbit excrement, the pig manure after fermentation herein
With) mix in soil filling ditch.So that groove face is slightly below original ground, the flat groove face of an animal-drawn seed plough, and ridge face is made into intermediate height, the low small arch in two sides
Face, whole thin, an animal-drawn seed plough is flat.
(3) lifting is colonized: can carry out transplant planting when the asparagus seedling aerial stem of plant grows three or more.Band soil block plays seedling
Out, it by spacing in the rows 30cm, is colonized in field planting ditch, bamboo shoot seedling plateau is lower than field planting ditch surface 10-12cm.Then watering nature collapses
It is real, after waiting water infiltration lower, soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil in due course.
3, the selfing purifying of both sexes strain
The both sexes strain selfed seed bagging being colonized in academy of agricultural sciences's Demonstration Garden is selfed (annual by the end of April 5 by 2016-2018
Beginning of the month bagging), it manages with delicacy and (is uniformly inserted on the ground with 3 root thickness bamboo poles around both sexes strain single plant, then selfing bag and plant are consolidated
It is fixed, its lodging is prevented, then applies fertilizer, water, draws to remove after 7d and loosen the soil.It encounters dry weather during selfing to water, loosen the soil in time, rain
Use " carbendazim+Mancozeb " laxative diseases prevention in time afterwards), to Post flowering according to situation of blooming, staminiferous plant therein is filtered out, and do
Good label harvests seed after selfed seed is mature, carries out the sowing and selfing of aforesaid way again, and repetition in continuous 3 years is selfed
Purifying obtains homozygous female, staminiferous plant (Fig. 5).
Fig. 5 is both sexes strain selfing and schematic diagram.
4, the management after being selfed
After pollination, nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer are imposed in time, the specific dosage of various fertilizer are as follows: nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=15:
The compound fertilizer 80kg/667m of 15:152.Carbendazim and Mancozeb prevention stem wilt are periodically sprayed, discovery pest sprays in time to be killed
Worm agent guarantees that seed is mature.
5, harvest management
In annual selfed seed seed maturation, it under fruit, will be placed in 3-5d at room temperature, softened, then eluriated seed, obtain
Seed sunning 7d obtained or so, is placed in -20 DEG C of refrigerators and saves, spare.
6, the identification of supermale strain
Peak period of blooming in May, 2017, in May, 2018 surveys 52 plants of acquisition homozygous staminiferous plants and excellent female plant hybridizing in canopy
It hands over, totally 357 combinations, listing mark after pollination, impose nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer, the specific dosage of various fertilizer in time
Are as follows: nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=15:15:15 compound fertilizer 100kg/667m2.Carbendazim and Mancozeb prevention stem wilt are periodically sprayed,
It was found that pest sprays insecticide in time, guarantee that seed is mature.It pollinates after 90d, seed is mature, harvests test cross kind, amounts to 275 groups
It closes.
The programs such as vernalization, sowing, field planting more than repeating are planted in greenhouse when seedling grows 3 rhizome, are managed meticulously
Reason, observes every plant of colored gender of each combination in time when blooming, have 52 combination standard-sized sheet male flowers in this 275 combinations, this 52
A group is combined into all-male system.The male parent of this 52 all-male systems is exactly homozygous staminiferous plant (supermale strain), shares 12 plants.Wherein in West Germany's all-male
There are 2 plants, there are 9 plants in Dutch all-male, 1 plant of Ji Neimu (Fig. 6-Fig. 8).
Fig. 6 is asparagus test cross canopy.
Fig. 7 is planting experiment figure in asparagus test cross seed canopy.
Fig. 8 is asparagus test cross schematic diagram.
Finally, it should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for obtaining supermale strain using asparagus male both sexes strain, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) asparagus male both sexes strain is selfed, obtains excellent female plant and homozygous staminiferous plant seed；
(2) homozygous female plant and homozygous staminiferous plant seed are planted, homozygous staminiferous plant and excellent female plant are subjected to test cross, harvest test cross kind；
(3) plantation test cross kind observes every plant of colored gender of each combination to blooming in time when blooming, and combination standard-sized sheet male flower is all-male
System, the male parent of all-male system is supermale strain.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: in step (1), comprising the following steps:
1) vernalization is carried out to asparagus male both sexes strain seed；
2) seed after vernalization is sowed；
3) field planting ditch is dug, fertilising fills out ditch, carries out transplant planting when the asparagus seedling aerial stem of plant grows three or more, and band soil block is by seedling
It rises, be colonized in field planting ditch, bamboo shoot seedling plateau is lower than field planting ditch surface 10-12cm, watering；
4) the asparagus male both sexes strain of field planting is subjected to bagging selfing, screens staminiferous plant therein, after selfed seed is mature, harvest
Seed；The sowing and selfing for carrying out aforesaid way again obtain excellent female plant and homozygous staminiferous plant；
5) after pollinating, fertilizer and diseases prevention insect prevention are imposed in time；
6) seed is harvested.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized by: in step 1), the vernalization method particularly includes: use first
Then water rinsing impregnates 45-50h with 30-40 DEG C of warm water, changes water 1-2 times a day, after seed sufficiently absorbs water, water is filtered off,
20-25 DEG C of progress vernalization is eluriated once with clear water daily, can be sowed when seed has 10% budding.
4. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized by: the fertilizer is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=15:15 in step 5):
15 compound fertilizer, dosage 80-100kg/667m2。
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: in step (2), in peak period of blooming by excellent female plant and homozygosis
Staminiferous plant carries out test cross, after pollination, imposes fertilizer and diseases prevention insect prevention in time, seed is mature, harvests test cross kind.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117461560A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-01-30 | 南京农业大学 | Rapid identification and propagation method for asparagus super-male plants |
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| CN101263783A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-09-17 | 浙江大学 | Method for using herbicide barban to fast breed aloe all-male plant strain |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117461560A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-01-30 | 南京农业大学 | Rapid identification and propagation method for asparagus super-male plants |
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