CN110303698B - 一种高抗变形低收缩的epc复合结构地板制作工艺 - Google Patents

一种高抗变形低收缩的epc复合结构地板制作工艺 Download PDF

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CN110303698B
CN110303698B CN201910455558.1A CN201910455558A CN110303698B CN 110303698 B CN110303698 B CN 110303698B CN 201910455558 A CN201910455558 A CN 201910455558A CN 110303698 B CN110303698 B CN 110303698B
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epc
deformation resistance
low shrinkage
high deformation
manufacturing process
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李远扬
梁炳康
周强
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Huizhou Weikang New Building Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,EPC地板自上而下包括LVT层、基材层,包括分别独立制备得到LVT层、基材层并在制备完成后通过胶水层叠贴合制成EPC地板成品,基材层在与LVT层层叠贴合前需进行回火工序。本发明提供的高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,在整板层叠贴合前,单独对基材层做回火处理,通过此工艺制作的EPC地板,完全符合ISO标准要求,在80℃环境下6小时,依然能够保持0.15%以内的尺寸变化率。

Description

一种高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及地板领域,特别是关于一种高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺。
背景技术
目前市面上的PVC塑胶地板经过多年的发展,近些年,通过挤出设备,生产的WPC地板(挤出微发泡复合PVC地板),因其质量轻、强度高、防潮、防腐、防霉、脚感良好、价格便宜等优点受到广大消费者的青睐,应用也越来越广泛。WPC地板因基材是PVC发泡材料故仍呈现塑料的特性,其中加热尺寸变化率就是一个困扰的问题。按照lSO10852:2017要求,复合地板纵、横向加热尺寸变化率均应小于0.15%,加热后翘曲度小于1mm,而目前市面生产的PVC发泡复合地板横向加热尺寸变化率一般略高于0.4%,纵向加热尺寸变化率一般在0.8%以上,加热后翘曲度3mm以上,纵、横向加热尺寸变化率以及加热后翘曲度均不能达到ISO标准要求。
如美国专利US2015375471A1,通过整板贴合后做回火处理,以减小地板的加热尺寸变化率,但其额外引发了地板表面纹路受损的问题,若回火处理中的热压采用70℃以上温度进行,则造成LVT层的损伤,若回火处理中的热压采用70℃以下温度进行,则地板的加热尺寸变化率无法符合ISO 10582的品质标准。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明为解决上述技术问题,提供一种高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,通过此工艺制作的EPC复合结构地板,完全复合ISO标准要求,在80℃环境下6小时,依然能够保持0.15%以内的尺寸变化率。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,EPC复合结构地板自上而下包括LVT层、基材层,包括分别独立制备得到LVT层、基材层并在制备完成后通过胶水层叠贴合制成EPC地板成品,基材层在与LVT层层叠贴合前需进行回火工序。
优选的,LVT层通过混料、密炼压延、油压、淋膜回火工序制备得到。
优选的,基材层通过混料、挤出、回火工序制备得到。
优选的,LVT层和基材层上下层叠,上胶贴合,然后冲切锯切、开槽、贴吸音层、品检包装、入库工序制备得到高抗变形低收缩的EPC地板成品。
优选的,回火工序包括按时间先后顺序依次执行的热压处理和冷压处理。
优选的,热压处理的温度为120-150℃,时间为10-100秒,压力为0.1-5mpa。
优选的,冷压处理的温度为10-30℃,时间为10-100秒,压力为0.1-5mpa。
优选的,热压处理和冷压处理均通过压机进行。
优选的,基材层在压机中进行热压处理或冷压处理时,基材层下方设置有模框。
优选的,热压处理和冷压处理中使用到的压机具有多个层压板,层压板内部挖设有循环管道,循环管道中流通有预设温度的水,层压板的表面采用电镀铬处理。
优选的,热压处理和冷压处理中使用到的模框包括板体和设置在板体单侧表面并与板体表面固定连接的垫条。
优选的,热压处理和冷压处理中使用到的板体由铝制成。
优选的,热压处理和冷压处理中使用到的垫条由不锈钢制成。
优选的,热压处理和冷压处理中使用到的板体边缘设置有折弯。
优选的,热压处理和冷压处理中使用到的板体上设置有开孔,开孔位于折弯与垫条之间。
优选的,热压处理前模框通过输送带送达压机,冷压处理后模框亦通过输送带送离压机,输送带上设置有橡胶辊和电机,橡胶辊与模框底部接触以驱使模框移动,橡胶辊通过电机驱动。
上述的基材层,含有以下按重量份计的组分:PVC粉70-80份、石粉70-100份、发泡剂0.6-1.2份、发泡调节剂4-9份,其它助剂0.5-10份。
进一步的,所述其他助剂包括稳定剂3.5-3.7份、氯化聚乙烯1.5-2.5份、黄铁氧0.04-0.06份、PE蜡0.4-0.7份、聚乙二醇二硬脂酸酯0.7-0.9份、硬脂酸内润滑剂0.3-0.5份。
上述基材层的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤一、称重,依据所述组分将所需原料进行称重;
步骤二、投料,使用上料机将称重准确的原料送入到料箱;
步骤三、热搅拌,将料箱中的原料送入热搅拌机中进行热搅拌,直至原料温度达到预设的温度;
步骤四、冷搅拌,将完成热搅拌的原料送入冷搅拌机进行搅拌,直至原料温度达到预设的温度;
步骤五、收集,将完成冷搅拌的原料送入储料箱中存储;
步骤六、挤出,使用挤出机将前述原料进行挤出;
步骤七、牵引,使用牵引机将挤出机制得的产品牵引出来;
步骤八、裁剪,根据实际需要裁剪得到合适的尺寸。
本发明相较于现有技术的有益效果是:
本发明提供的高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,在整板层叠贴合前,单独对基材层做回火处理,通过此工艺制作的EPC地板,完全复合ISO标准要求,在80℃环境下6小时,依然能够保持3%以内的尺寸变化率。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例中基材层回火装置的结构简图。
图2为本发明一实施例中基材层回火装置的正视图。
图3为本发明一实施例中基材层回火装置的俯视图。
图4为本发明一实施例中模框的结构图。
图5为本发明一实施例中层压板内部结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于本领域技术人员理解,下面将结合具体实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细描述。
请参考图1-5,本发明实施例包括:
一种基材层回火装置,包括传输带1、位于输送带1上并用于承托基材层的模框2、与输送带1相接的热压机3和冷压机4、用于将输送带1上的模框2及模框2上的基材层送入热压机3的进料箱5和进料推杆6、用于将冷压机4中的模框2及模框2上的基材层送至输送带1的出料箱7和出料拉杆8。
一种高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,EPC地板自上而下包括LVT层、基材层以及吸音层,包括通过混料、密炼压延、油压、淋膜回火工序制备得到的LVT层,通过混料、挤出、回火工序制备得到的基材层,LVT层和基材层上下层叠,上胶贴合,然后冲切锯切、开槽、贴IXPE、品检包装、入库工序制备得到高抗变形低收缩的EPC地板成品,其中基材层在与LVT层层叠贴合前需进行回火工序。在本实施例中,EPC地板由LVT层、基材层以及吸音层构成;在其他实施例中,EPC地板可以仅由LVT层、基材层构成。
回火工序包括按时间先后顺序依次执行的热压处理和冷压处理,热压处理的温度为140℃,时间为30秒,压力为0.5mpa。冷压处理的温度为20℃,时间为30秒,压力为0.5mpa。热压处理和冷压处理均通过压机进行,基材层在压机中进行热压处理或冷压处理时,基材层下方设置有模框,压机具有多个层压板层压板内部挖设有循环管道,循环管道中流通有预设温度的水,层压板的表面采用电镀铬处理,模框2包括板体21和设置在板体21单侧表面并与板体21表面固定连接的垫条22。板体21由导热能力强的铝制成,垫条22由不锈钢制成,板体21边缘设置有折弯23,板体21上设置有开孔24,开孔24位于折弯23与垫条22之间。
基材层放置在模框上表面,模框上表面还设置有垫条,垫条围闭成一个略大于基材层的矩形框,基材层放置在该矩形框中,其中垫条厚度可根据实际情况进行更换,以保证基材层的厚度;为保证基材层厚度的精度,垫条的精度为0.01mm;基材层放置在模框上随输送带移动到进料推杆旁,在进料推杆的推动下经由进料箱进入到热压机中热压,进料推杆与板体边缘的折弯接触并施力以推动模框及基材层;热压机的层压板内设有循环管道,循环管道中流通有蒸汽或者导热油,为保持产品表面经过压机后表面光滑平整.层压板表面采用电镀铬处理,然后进入冷压机中冷压;冷压完毕后,出料拉杆穿入到板体开孔中,拉动模框及其上基材层经由出料箱到达输送带,至此完成回火处理。为保证模框的使用寿命,输送带采用橡胶辊、电机以带动模框传输,极大地减少了模块在传输过程中与输送带间的磨损。
在现有的EPC地板生产制作中,并没有回火工序,其制作获得的EPC地板在6小时80℃的测试中,加热尺寸变化率普遍大于0.4%,地板的抗热变特性较差,严重制约地板的品质;为解决加热尺寸变化率高的问题,部分厂家研发出了整板贴合后回火的工艺方法,即在将LVT层、基材层、吸音层上胶贴合后,将整板置入压机中进行热压和冷压,但由于热压的温度非常高,而LVT层又极容易在超高温条件下受损;具体的,LVT层在70℃以上的温度下,其表面纹路会被压平,造成LVT层的损毁;故现有的整板回火中,热压的温度必须控制在70℃,使得回火的效果微乎其微,无法解决EPC板难以通过6小时80℃的形变测试的技术问题。虽部分文献中记载,其回火温度可以超过70℃、甚至超过100℃,但在实际生产中发现,LVT层表面纹路在高温下已被损毁,因此并无实际可行性。
主要制约因素来自于基材层,故,要使EPC地板达到最佳的抗热变效果,必须对EPC地板进行热压与冷压,其热压的温度必须控制在120-150℃,时间为10-100秒,压力为0.1-5mpa,冷压的温度为10-30℃,时间为10-100秒,压力为0.1-5mpa;
依据ISO23999标准,对基材层做三种不同温度的热压处理,得到如下尺寸变化率:
未热压处理时,横向尺寸变化率为0.44%,纵向尺寸变化率为2.83%;
热压温度为100℃时,横向尺寸变化率为0.33%,纵向尺寸变化率为0.18%;
热压温度为120℃时,横向尺寸变化率为0.24%,纵向尺寸变化率为0.16%;
热压温度为140℃时,横向尺寸变化率为0.13%,纵向尺寸变化率为0.11%。
以上热压处理的时长均为1分钟。
进一步的,在本实施例中优选热压的温度为140℃,时间为30秒,压力为0.5mpa,冷压的温度为20℃,时间为30秒,压力为0.5mpa。但在120℃以上的高温中,LVT层表面的花纹会被部分损坏甚至完全损毁,故无法采用整板回火的处理方式。考虑到EPC地板最主要的形变来自于基材层的形变,EPC板难以通过6小时80℃的形变测试,为避免LVT层表面的花纹会被部分损坏甚至完全损毁的情况发生,发明人选择在基材层与LVT层贴合前,将基材层单独做回火处理。具体的,基材层的回火处理过程如下,首先进行温度140℃、时长30秒、压力0.5mpa的热压处理,然后进行温度为20℃、时长30秒、压力0.5mpa的冷压处理,回火处理后的基材层与LVT层及吸音层贴合后的整板,其在6小时80℃的形变测试的加热尺寸变化率能够控制在0.15%以内。
EPC,中文解释为一种膨胀树脂的硬质核心层,本实施例的EPC基材层配方如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
该基材层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、称重,依据所述组分将所需原料进行称重;
步骤二、投料,使用上料机将称重准确的原料送入到料箱;
步骤三、热搅拌,将料箱中的原料送入热搅拌机中进行热搅拌,直至原料温度达到预设的温度;
步骤四、冷搅拌,将完成热搅拌的原料送入冷搅拌机进行搅拌,直至原料温度达到预设的温度;
步骤五、收集,将完成冷搅拌的原料送入储料箱中存储;
步骤六、挤出,使用挤出机将前述原料进行挤出;
步骤七、牵引,使用牵引机将挤出机制得的产品牵引出来;
步骤八、裁剪,根据实际需要裁剪得到合适的尺寸。
虽然对本发明的描述是结合以上具体实施例进行的,但是,熟悉本技术领域的人员能够根据上述的内容进行许多替换、修改和变化、是显而易见的。因此,所有这样的替代、改进和变化都包括在附后的权利要求的精神和范围内。

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1.一种高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,所述EPC复合结构地板自上而下包括LVT层、基材层,其特征在于,包括分别独立制备得到LVT层、基材层并在制备完成后通过胶水层叠贴合制成EPC地板成品,所述基材层在与LVT层层叠贴合前需进行回火工序,所述基材层通过混料、挤出、回火工序制备得到,所述回火工序包括按时间先后顺序依次执行的热压处理和冷压处理,所述热压处理的温度为120-150℃,时间为10-100秒,压力为0.1-5mpa,所述冷压处理的温度为10-30℃,时间为10-100秒,压力为0.1-5mpa,所述热压处理和冷压处理均通过压机进行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,其特征在于,所述LVT层通过混料、密炼压延、油压、淋膜回火工序制备得到。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,其特征在于,所述LVT层和基材层上下层叠,上胶贴合,然后冲切锯切、开槽工序制备得到高抗变形低收缩的EPC地板成品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,其特征在于,所述开槽工序后贴吸音层、品检包装、入库工序制备得到高抗变形低收缩的EPC地板成品。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,其特征在于,所述基材层在压机中进行热压处理或冷压处理时,所述基材层下方设置有模框。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,其特征在于,所述热压处理和冷压处理中使用到的压机具有多个层压板,所述层压板内部挖设有循环管道,所述循环管道中流通有预设温度的蒸汽或者导热油,所述层压板的表面采用电镀铬处理。
7.根据权利要求5所述的高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,其特征在于,所述热压处理和冷压处理中使用到的模框包括板体和设置在板体单侧表面并与板体表面固定连接的垫条。
8.根据权利要求7所述的高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,其特征在于,所述热压处理和冷压处理中使用到的板体由铝制成。
9.根据权利要求7所述的高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,其特征在于,所述热压处理和冷压处理中使用到的垫条由不锈钢制成。
10.根据权利要求7所述的高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,其特征在于,所述热压处理和冷压处理中使用到的板体边缘设置有折弯。
11.根据权利要求7所述的高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,其特征在于,所述热压处理和冷压处理中使用到的板体上设置有开孔,所述开孔位于折弯与垫条之间。
12.根据权利要求5-11项中任一项所述的高抗变形低收缩的EPC复合结构地板制作工艺,其特征在于,所述热压处理前模框通过输送带送达压机,所述冷压处理后模框亦通过输送带送离压机,所述输送带上设置有橡胶辊和电机,所述橡胶辊与模框底部接触以驱使模框移动,所述橡胶辊通过电机驱动。
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