CN110249926B - Method for rapid and efficient germination and seedling formation of rare or endangered plant Rubia Baoshanensis - Google Patents
Method for rapid and efficient germination and seedling formation of rare or endangered plant Rubia Baoshanensis Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for rapidly and efficiently germinating rare or endangered Rubia Baoshanensis into seedlings, which comprises the following steps: (1) collecting fruits and seeds: collecting Rubia Baoshanensis fruits with lime-green epicarp; peeling off the epicarp; taking out Baoshan madder seed with seed coat of light brown or dark brown leopard-like membranous substance, endosperm sclerotin or sclerotin; (2) disinfecting seeds; (3) germination acceleration of the sphagna: laying a layer of sphagna, laying fresh seeds on the sphagna, and laying a layer of sphagna; (4) preparing a transplanting substrate; (5) transplanting: directly culturing roots in the sphagna, transplanting the roots into a seedling culture container when the radicle grows to 3 +/-0.3 cm, the radicle has root hair and the radicle axis is green, planting the roots with the root hair into a seedling culture medium, exposing the radicle axis and thick embryo emulsion wrapping cotyledons out of the seedling culture medium, and pouring 800 times of carbendazim or chlorothalonil; (6) and (5) managing. The method greatly improves the germination rate and the seedling rate of the rubia cordifolia seeds, shortens the seedling raising time, ensures that seedlings germinate neatly and is easy to manage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant propagation, in particular to a method for quickly and efficiently germinating a rare or endangered plant Rubia Baoshaica into seedlings.
Background
Rubia cordifolia (Fosbergia shweiliensis) is a plant of Rubia of Rubiaceae, a species specific to the region of Gaoligong mountain. After 85 years of disappearance, the wild plants are found again, the wild population distribution is small, the population is small, the number of the existing plants is very small, and the plants belong to very small population species. The extremely small species are in an imminent extinction state due to the rare population quantity and narrow distribution range, and are the most urgent groups to be protected in threatened species.
Research shows that the fruit bearing time of the rubia cordifolia needs many years, the fruits are stored and hung on the tree for 5-6 years, and new fruits and mature fruits are difficult to distinguish; the fruit has thick outer peel and lignification, and is not easy to rot and open; the seeds are coated by thick and ossified endosperm, so the bearing time of the madder, the fruit survival, the judgment of the fruit ripening characteristics, the structures of the fruits and the seeds and the like are one of the reasons for difficult propagation, no natural renewal and endangered species of the seeds of the madder. At present, the seed seedling raising technology of the madder baoshanensis has not been reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for rapidly and efficiently germinating and forming seedlings of rare or endangered Baoshan madder, which greatly improves the germination rate and the seedling forming rate of seeds of the Baoshan madder, shortens the seedling growing time, and provides effective technical means for the aspects of rapid propagation, biological protection, ecology recovery, resource development and utilization and the like of the rare or endangered Baoshan madder.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly and efficiently germinating rare or endangered Rubia Baoshanensis into seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting fruits and seeds: collecting Rubia Baoshanensis fruits with lime-green epicarp; peeling the epicarp with a sharp knife; taking out Baoshan madder seed with seed coat of light brown or dark brown leopard-like membranous substance, endosperm sclerotin or sclerotin;
(2) disinfecting seeds;
(3) germination acceleration of the sphagna: soaking dried thallus Porphyrae in water, taking out, and grasping with hand until water is not discharged;
preparing a sealable container or a sealable plastic bag, laying a layer of sphagna in the container or the plastic bag, laying the disinfected and cleaned fresh rubia bayana seeds on the sphagna, laying a layer of sphagna on the laid seeds, and sealing the container or the plastic bag;
(4) preparation of a transplanting matrix: putting a seedling culture medium into the seedling culture container, wherein the seedling culture medium is a mixed medium of loam and humus, and watering the seedling culture medium thoroughly one day before transplanting;
(5) transplanting: directly culturing roots in the sphagna, transplanting the roots into a seedling culture container when the radicle grows to 3 +/-0.3 cm, the radicle has root hair and the radicle axis is green, planting the roots with the root hair into a breathable seedling culture substrate, exposing the radicle axis and thick embryo milk wrapping cotyledons out of the seedling culture substrate, and then pouring 50% of carbendazim 800-fold liquid or 75% of chlorothalonil 800-fold liquid;
(6) management: keeping soil moist, spraying 800 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil solution every 7 days, and germinating after 20 days.
Preferably, in the step (2), the seed disinfection is specifically: and (3) cleaning the fresh seeds taken out with clear water, soaking the fresh seeds for 30 minutes with potassium permanganate with the mass concentration of 0.1 percent, and washing the seeds for later use.
Preferably, in the step (3), when the ambient temperature is above 30 ℃, in order to avoid the seeds from being sultry, the container or the plastic bag can not be sealed; spraying a proper amount of water when the sphagna is slightly dry, until the sphagna can not be clewed out by hands.
Preferably, in the step (3), the container and the plastic bag do not contain accumulated water during the germination accelerating operation of the sphagna, otherwise, seeds are easy to rot.
Preferably, in step (3), the container comprises a box, a bottle, a can, a box.
Preferably, in the step (4), the mass ratio of the loam to the humus in the matrix is 1: 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. through dissection and observation, the mature characteristics of the fruits and the seeds are determined, and a basis is provided for the collection of mature fruits. Wherein the mature fruit is the fruit with the outer pericarp of grayish green, the seed coat of the seed is light brown or dark brown leopard-like membranous substance, and the endosperm is slightly sclerotin or sclerotin.
2. Fresh seeds are needed for seeding the madder in the Baoshan province, and the seeds are difficult to germinate and low in germination rate after the dry water content is reduced.
3. The sphagna is a natural product, is clean and free of germs, and can reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests; has good water retention, water drainage and permeability, and can promote seed germination.
4. Directly culturing roots in the sphagna, transplanting the roots into a seedling culture container when the radicles grow to 3 +/-0.3 cm, the radicles have root hairs and the radicle axes are green, wherein the roots with the root hairs are planted into a breathable seedling culture substrate, the radicle axes and thick embryo milk wrapping cotyledons are exposed out of the seedling culture substrate, the soil arching time of the cotyledons is avoided, the occurrence time of the cotyledons and the true leaves is shortened, the seedling culture period is shortened, the detention time of the seeds in the soil is reduced, the rotting caused by improper soil moisture is avoided, the emergence rate is greatly improved, the seedlings germinate neatly and are easy to manage.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a photograph comparing the ripening characteristics of Rubia Baoshengense fruit and seed according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the germination acceleration of the seed of Rubia Baoshaica according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of transplanted Baoshan madder of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for rapidly and efficiently germinating rare or endangered Rubia Baoshanensis into seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting fruits and seeds: collecting mature Rubia Baoshanensis fruits with lime-green epicarp; peeling the epicarp with a sharp knife; taking out Baoshan madder seed with light brown or dark brown leopard-like membranous substance, endosperm sclerotin or sclerotin.
The comparison of mature fruits and seeds with immature fruits and seeds of Rubia Baoshaica is shown in FIG. 1.
(2) Seed disinfection: and (3) cleaning the fresh seeds taken out with clear water, soaking the fresh seeds for 30 minutes with potassium permanganate with the mass concentration of 0.1 percent, and washing the seeds for later use.
(3) Germination acceleration of the sphagna: soaking dried thallus Porphyrae in water, taking out, and grasping with hand until water is not discharged;
a sealable container or a sealable plastic bag is prepared.
When the container is adopted, a layer of water moss is laid in the container, the fresh madder seeds disinfected and cleaned in the step (2) are laid on the water moss, then a layer of water moss is laid on the laid seeds, and the container is sealed. Including boxes, bottles, jars, boxes, and the like.
When a plastic bag is adopted, a layer of water moss is laid in the plastic bag, the fresh madder seeds disinfected and cleaned in the step (2) are laid on the water moss, then a layer of water moss is laid on the laid seeds, and the plastic bag is sealed.
When the environmental temperature is above 30 ℃, the container or the plastic bag can not be sealed in order to avoid the seeds from being sultled; spraying a proper amount of water when the sphagna is slightly dry, until the sphagna can not be clewed out by hands. In the process of the germination accelerating operation of the sphagna, the container and the plastic bag do not contain accumulated water, otherwise, seeds are easy to rot.
(4) Preparation of a transplanting matrix: and (3) putting a seedling raising substrate into the seedling raising container, wherein the seedling raising substrate is a mixed substrate of loam and humus (the mass ratio of the loam to the humus is 1:1), and watering the seedling raising substrate thoroughly one day before transplanting.
(5) Transplanting: directly culturing roots in the sphagna, transplanting the roots into a seedling culture container when the radicle grows to 3 +/-0.3 cm, the radicle has root hair and the radicle axis is green, planting the roots with the root hair into a breathable seedling culture medium, exposing the radicle axis and thick embryo milk wrapping cotyledons out of the seedling culture medium, and then pouring 50% of carbendazim 800-fold liquid or 75% of chlorothalonil 800-fold liquid.
(6) Management: keeping soil moist, spraying 800 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil solution every 7 days, and germinating after 20 days.
Seedling raising test:
test example 1:
the influence of fresh seeds of Rubia Baoshanensis on the germination rate (namely the influence of the water content of the seeds on the germination rate) is carried out in 2019 and 4 months. Wherein the water content of fresh seeds is 40%, the water content of dried seeds in the shade is 3.9%, each 100 seeds are placed in an incubator with the temperature set at 25 ℃.
Collecting the lime-green fruits of the epicarp; peeling the epicarp with a sharp knife, and taking out the seeds with light brown or dark brown leopard-like membranous substance, endosperm sclerotin substance or sclerotin substance. The seeds are cleaned, soaked in 0.1 percent potassium permanganate for 30 minutes and then washed for standby. One part adopts the method of the invention to directly accelerate germination by using the water moss (the water content of the fresh seeds is 40 percent), and the other part adopts the method of the invention to accelerate germination by using the water moss (the water content of the dried seeds is 3.9 percent) after drying in the shade. The germination conditions of different Rubia Baoshengense seeds with water contents are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 germination of Baoshan madder seeds with water content
As can be seen from table 1, on the basis of the same water moss germination accelerating method, when fresh seeds of rubia cordifolia are used for accelerating germination, the germination rate is obviously higher than that of the seeds after drying in the shade, and is as high as 95%, while the germination rate corresponding to the seeds dried in the shade is only 28%, and the germination time is obviously shorter than that of the seeds dried in the shade when the fresh seeds of rubia cordifolia are used for accelerating germination. Therefore, the madder root needs to be sown by fresh seeds, the germination is difficult after the dry water content of the seeds is reduced, and the germination rate is low.
Test example 2:
and in 2019, the influence of different wet sand germination accelerating dibbling and water moss germination accelerating transplanting modes on seedling culture is carried out in 4 months.
Collecting the lime-green fruits of the epicarp; peeling the epicarp with a sharp knife, and taking out the seed coat which is light brown or dark brown leopard-like membranous substance, endosperm sclerotin substance or sclerotin seed; the seeds are cleaned, soaked in 0.1 percent potassium permanganate for 30 minutes and then washed for standby. 100 seeds were collected and grown in a greenhouse.
Wet sand germination accelerating and dibbling modes: cleaning and disinfecting seeds according to the weight ratio of river sand to seeds 3: 1, mixing and storing in a flowerpot. The sand is required to be kneaded by hand to form a mass, and lightly pressed to disperse the medium humidity.
The water moss germination accelerating and transplanting mode comprises the following steps: by adopting the method for rapidly and efficiently germinating the madder pau in the embodiment 1 of the invention, the water moss germination accelerating and transplanting mode is as follows: soaking dried thallus Porphyrae in water, taking out, and grasping with hand until water is not discharged; spreading a layer of water moss in the plastic bag, spreading fresh sterilized seeds on the water moss, spreading a layer of water moss on the seeds, sealing the plastic bag, and germinating the water moss as shown in FIG. 2. And (3) putting a seedling raising substrate into the seedling raising container, wherein the seedling raising substrate is a mixed substrate of loam and humus (the mass ratio of the loam to the humus is 1:1), and watering the seedling raising substrate thoroughly one day before transplanting. Directly culturing roots in the sphagna, transplanting the roots into a seedling culture container when the radicle grows to 3 +/-0.3 cm, the radicle has root hair and the radicle axis is green, planting the roots with the root hair into a breathable seedling culture medium, exposing the radicle axis and thick embryo milk wrapping cotyledons out of the seedling culture medium, and then pouring 50% of carbendazim 800-fold liquid or 75% of chlorothalonil 800-fold liquid. The transplanted Baoshan madder by the water moss pregermination transplanting method is shown in fig. 3.
The test results of different pregermination and transplantation modes are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 test results of different pregermination and transplantation modes
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the conventional wet sand germination accelerating and dibbling mode, the germination rate of the water moss accelerating and transplanting mode is improved by 25%, the germination time is obviously shorter, the cotyledon emergence time is obviously advanced, and the water moss accelerating and germinating and transplanting mode is obviously superior to the wet sand germination accelerating and dibbling mode.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for rapidly and efficiently germinating and forming seedlings of rare or endangered plant Rubia Baoshanensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting fruits and seeds: collecting Rubia Baoshanensis fruits with lime-green epicarp; peeling the epicarp with a sharp knife; taking out Baoshan madder seed with seed coat of light brown or dark brown leopard-like membranous substance, endosperm sclerotin or sclerotin;
(2) disinfecting seeds;
(3) germination acceleration of the sphagna: soaking dried thallus Porphyrae in water, taking out, and grasping with hand until water is not discharged;
preparing a sealable container or a sealable plastic bag, laying a layer of sphagna in the container or the plastic bag, laying the disinfected and cleaned fresh rubia bayana seeds on the sphagna, laying a layer of sphagna on the laid seeds, and sealing the container or the plastic bag;
(4) preparation of a transplanting matrix: putting a seedling culture medium into the seedling culture container, wherein the seedling culture medium is a mixed medium of loam and humus, and watering the seedling culture medium thoroughly one day before transplanting;
(5) transplanting: directly culturing roots in the sphagna, transplanting the roots into a seedling culture container when the radicle grows to 3 +/-0.3 cm, the radicle has root hair and the radicle axis is green, planting the roots with the root hair into a breathable seedling culture substrate, exposing the radicle axis and thick embryo milk wrapping cotyledons out of the seedling culture substrate, and then pouring 50% of carbendazim 800-fold liquid or 75% of chlorothalonil 800-fold liquid;
(6) management: keeping soil moist, spraying 800 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil solution every 7 days, and germinating after 20 days.
2. The method for rapid and efficient germination and seedling establishment of the rare or endangered plant Rubia Baoshanensis according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the seed disinfection specifically comprises: and (3) cleaning the fresh seeds taken out with clear water, soaking the fresh seeds for 30 minutes with potassium permanganate with the mass concentration of 0.1 percent, and washing the seeds for later use.
3. The method for rapid and efficient germination and seedling establishment of the rare or endangered plant Rubia Baphicacanthes of claim 1, wherein in step (3), when the environmental temperature is above 30 ℃, in order to avoid seed sultriness, the container or plastic bag is not sealed; spraying a proper amount of water when the sphagna is slightly dry, until the sphagna can not be clewed out by hands.
4. The method for rapidly and efficiently germinating the precious or endangered plant Rubia Baphicacanthus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the container and the plastic bag do not contain accumulated water during the germination acceleration operation of the water moss, otherwise seeds are easy to rot.
5. The method for rapid and efficient germination and seedling establishment of the rare or endangered plant Rubia Baphicacanthus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the container comprises a box, a bottle, a jar or a box.
6. The method for rapid and efficient germination and seedling establishment of the rare or endangered plant Rubia Baphicacanthus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), the mass ratio of loam to humus in the medium is 1: 1.
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| CN103609312B (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-02-11 | 华儒强 | Outdoor bletilla striata seed sowing and breeding method |
| CN105052298B (en) * | 2015-08-15 | 2017-07-11 | 云南省林业科学院 | A kind of alizarin Seed Treatment in Ruili and germination accelerating method |
| CN105900564B (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2018-05-22 | 云南大学 | A kind of method that rare or endangered species beet seeds is promoted efficiently to sprout |
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2019
- 2019-08-01 CN CN201910708519.8A patent/CN110249926B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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