CN110248653A - 用于治疗脑缺血的药物方案 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A61K39/3955—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against proteinaceous materials, e.g. enzymes, hormones, lymphokines
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Abstract
当本发明的治疗采用溶血栓剂与用于与治疗癌症患者时相比剂量降低的低剂量的溶血栓剂和血管内皮生长因子受体信号转导(VEGF‑RST)抑制剂联用时,经历脑缺血的受试者的治疗得到改善。还通过配制在室温下长期稳定的蛋白质药物、提供适合该方法的剂量、以及通过将治疗剂与用于血脑屏障完整性的定点照护诊断相结合,也改进了该治疗,使其能定点照护使用。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年1月5日提交的美国临时申请第62/442,826号和2017年3月10日提交的第62/470,086号的优先权,其通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及生理病症的生物标志物领域,涉及治疗经历脑缺血、在药理性或机械性溶血栓后有出血性转化风险的患者的方法和用于实施该方法的试剂盒。特别是,本发明涉及有效剂量的、提供短暂而非长期抑制的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)受体介导的信号转导(VEGF-RST)抑制剂。本发明还涉及稳定蛋白质药物以消除对冷冻储存的需求,以及以减少氧自由基损伤并且减少通过注射递送时的蛋白质聚集的方式对药物的包装。本发明还涉及机械性溶血栓中的改进。
背景技术
PCT申请PCT/JP2010/062631,公开号为WO2011/013668,在美国以美国序列号13/359,281(现为美国专利号8,652,476和9,439,961)的部分继续申请,描述了一种用于治疗人的脑梗死或缺血的改进的方法,其通过在脑缺血的急性期(被认为是脑梗死发作后的6小时内)施用溶血栓干预和VEGF-RST抑制剂的组合。这将治疗窗口从3小时延长到6小时。
提供抑制VEGF-RST的药剂改善了溶血栓剂在这种治疗的增强时间窗口内的出血性影响。该治疗扩大了溶血栓疗法的适格群体,包括扩大了施用溶血栓剂的益处超过风险的时间窗口。然而,这些文献表明VEGF-RST抑制剂的剂量水平不受限制并且建议高剂量的抗VEGF抗体抑制剂——在用于治疗癌症的范围内。
有关此类方案的研究已经发表。Zhang,Z.G.等在《临床调查杂志(J.Clin.Invest.)》(2000)106:829–838中,在大鼠模型中,在中风诱导后早期(1小时)和晚期(48小时)施用结合VEGF的抗体。使用哈佛泵(哈佛仪器公司(Harvard Apparatus);南纳蒂克,马萨诸塞州,美国),以1mg/kg的剂量、4小时间隔向大鼠静脉输注rhVEGF165(基因泰克公司(Genentech Inc.),旧金山,加利福尼亚州,美国)。早期给药是有害的,而晚期给药是有益的。改善tPA毒性所需的抗VEGF抗体的剂量水平基于多克隆抗体RB-222:Kanazawa,M.等,《脑血流与代谢杂志(J Cereb Blood Flow Metab)》(2011)31:1461-74。之后的研究也基于多克隆抗血清,并通过调节MMP的表达显示BBB破坏的减弱。Zhang,H-T.等,《分子医学报告(Mol Med Rep.)》(2017)15:57-64。
脑梗死发作的时间通常难以确定,因为当时对象未受到医学照看。此外,有栓塞性中风的对象中的血-脑屏障(BBB)受损是溶血栓后的出血的风险因素。如本发明人在WO2015/138974中所述,BBB完整性受扰的严重程度和时期的确定可以通过使用血液中存在的BBB完整性标志物来完成。Marchi,N.等在《神经科学神经病学研究(Res.Neurol.Neurosci.)》(2002)20:1-13的论文、其相应的专利U.S.7,144,708和U.S.6,884,591及其之后的作为WO2012/154889公布的PCT申请描述了合适的标志物。这些文献描述了用于诊断对象中血-脑屏障通透性的方法,包括测定血液中的S100B或其二聚体的总水平,其中,升高的S100B或其二聚体水平表明BBB通透性。另见Zhou,S.等,《神经内科研究(Neurolog.Res.)》(2016)38:327-332。
文献中描述了多种溶血栓干预,其是抑制VEGF-RST的多种方法。例如,溶血栓干预可包括纤溶酶原激活剂如组织纤溶酶原激活剂剂(tPA)、尿激酶、链激酶或其类似物,其他纤溶酶原激活剂如来自吸血蝙蝠或来自真菌如SMTP-7,或机械的破坏或移除血栓。VEGF-RST的抑制剂可以是VEGF或VEGF-R的特异性结合配偶体,或抑制VEGF从血小板中释放的化合物,或破坏来自活化的VEGF-R的信号转导的化合物例如酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
最严重的中风也从溶血栓疗法中获益最多。然而,严重的中风对于破坏BBB的风险也更高,tPA加剧了这种破坏。因此,由于出血的风险,目前只有百分之几的中风患者使用类似tPA的溶血栓剂,其在中风超过3小时后给予时会加重症状。通过可用于降低tPA毒性的辅助疗法,可从这种治疗中受益的患者群体显著增加。由于最近的研究表明中风通常在醒来之前发生,因此这延伸到患有“唤醒性”中风的患者。Rubin,M.W.等,《神经科医师(TheNeuro Hospitalist)》(2015)5:161-172。
目前,在医院进行CT扫描后,对tPA使用的适当性进行评估,与溶血栓剂的最佳早期施用相比,这导致治疗大幅延迟。在使用配备便携式CT扫描仪的救护车以减少诊断延迟的研究中,选择溶血栓干预而不是标准治疗,使所需的时间大大减少,不会增加不良事件;Walter,S.,《柳叶刀神经病学(Lancet Neurology)》(2012)11:397-404;Ebinger,M.,JAMA(2014)311:1622-1631。虽然这项工作已经确立了基于改进的诊断技术的早期干预的效用,但是使用CT扫描仪装备所有救护车的成本是令人望而却步的。适合于即时的测定法的开发提供了对tPA有益的可能的早期诊断,这有助于在到达医院之前在救护车中治疗大部分中风患者。本发明有助于基于救护车的治疗。利用这种改进的诊断方法,在患者中使用溶血栓剂产生所需的治疗效果可以从推定的中风患者的不到5%增加到超过25%。
以上文献以及本文引用的所有其他文献均通过引用并入。
发明内容
在一个方面,本发明涉及一种减少人类患者中脑缺血事件引起的神经元损伤的治疗方法,所述方法包括给所述患者施用有效量的溶血栓剂和有效量的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)受体介导的信号转导(VEGF-RST)的抑制剂,其中所述抑制剂的有效剂量提供急性抑制但不长期抑制。通常,抑制剂的有效量在用于治疗癌症剂量的0.1至5%的范围内。
在中风背景中以适当的剂量水平使用VEGF-RST抑制剂提供了降低tPA毒性的有效途径。由于本文中的目标是VEGF活性的急性阻断,所需的剂量定性地小于用于治疗期望延长的药理学活性的癌症的剂量。低剂量VEGF-RST抑制剂的正常清除将确保其在VEGF作为有益因素的长期重塑阶段之前很好地降低至低于药理学活性水平。
关于VEGF-RST抑制剂,对VEGF的抗体目前用于治疗癌症,其中需要长期抑制VEGF活性,并且剂量基于实现有效的血液水平数周。为改善中风患者溶栓药物的毒性,仅需短期抑制(理想情况下,48小时)。类似地,其他VEGF-RST抑制剂,例如包括如的激酶抑制剂,也用于癌症治疗,其中需要长期治疗。
另一方面,本发明涉及一系列因素,它们允许经历脑缺血的患者的即时治疗,包括在通过救护车运输期间的治疗。通过本发明提供的创新在调整VEGF-RST抑制剂的剂量以外,还包括通过合适的包装和稳定技术稳定待施用的药物,并通过评估血液中的标志物指示血脑屏障(BBB)的崩溃来确定患者对治疗的适用性。
关于储存,用于治疗的组合通常包括两种生物制剂,溶血栓剂和VEGF-RST抑制剂,如抗血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGF)抗体,或酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(介导VEGF-R信号传导)以降低出血的发生率或严重程度。因此,需要稳定化。溶血栓剂的剂量基于护理标准。根据本发明,VEGF-RST的剂量远低于癌症治疗中使用的剂量。
该联合治疗应优选在中风的严重程度足以保证用溶血栓剂治疗的风险的情况下施用,即使如上所述给予预防剂(即VEGF-RST的抑制剂)也可能导致出血。因此,在另一方面,本发明涉及一种方法,以使用血液中S100B或S100BB二聚体的即时检验来鉴定适合于治疗的患者。
本发明还涉及含有用于确定BBB破坏的一种或多种生物标志物的试剂和用于组合物或材料中的治疗剂容器的试剂盒,以提供与VEGF-RST的抑制剂结合的溶血栓或血栓切除术。这种试剂盒中的药物和试剂可以根据所需的剂量以测量的量提供。
本发明还涉及机械性去除与所述缺血相关的血凝块,以及与所述去除相关联地施用测量剂量的VEGF-RST抑制剂,其有效地抑制24小时内>50%的信号转导,尤其,其中所述抑制剂通过导管给药,所述导管是用于所述机械性去除的装置的一部分。
本发明的实施方式
如上所述,在本发明的一个方面,有三个基本方面允许对患有脑缺血的患者进行有效的定点照护(point-of-care)治疗(包括在救护车运输期间的治疗)。这些方面是:调节与溶血栓剂联合使用的VEGF-RST抑制剂的剂量;通过适当处理药物本身和/或通过适当的包装来稳定用于该治疗的药物;通过确定患者血液中BBB完整性或崩溃的标志物来评估治疗(包括定点照护)的适当性。
关键特征是VEGF-RST抑制剂的剂量水平。许多这样的抑制剂在本领域中是已知的并且用于癌症治疗。对于VEGF-RST的抑制剂,需要急性剂量且不存在长期抑制。抗体,包括结合VEGF和VEGF-R的抗体,固有地显示长期作用,因此与用于癌症治疗的抗体相比需要减少的剂量,激酶抑制剂的情况也是如此。与VEGF-R信号传导相关的激酶的抑制剂也是如此。对于任何VEGF-RST抑制剂,剂量应仅在24-48小时内提供抑制、并且抑制VEGF-RST>50%或>60%且不会明显超过该窗口,即,与延长5天以上的癌症治疗不同。对于抗体或抗原结合片段或对于激酶抑制剂,这通过使用<5%或<1%或<0.1%用于治疗癌症的剂量来实现,因为从体内的正常消除将因此在指定的时间段内将血清浓度降低至低于药理学活性水平。低剂量的全身效应报道于Avery,R.L.等,《英国眼科杂志(Br.J.Ophthalmol.)》(2014)98(12):1636-41中。
“抗体”可包括Fab片段、单链Fv构建体和双特异性构建体。抗体可以是多克隆或单克隆,并且可以重组产生。抗体优选人体中最低限度的抗原性,因此可以(来自表达人抗体库或人抗体基因重组文库的转基因动物的)人的序列,可以是人源化的、或可以从人体分离或可以是嵌合的。同样地,减小尺寸(低分子量)的抗体(纳米抗体)如骆驼或鲨鱼中发现的抗体(天然存在的变体)也是可用的。抗体模拟物抗体模拟物包括基于支架的蛋白质家族,例如:纤连蛋白、转铁蛋白、谷胱甘肽转移酶、晶状体蛋白。其他模拟物包括小肽,肽模拟物(例如,掺入β氨基酸,或D氨基酸,或化学交联剂以增加构象稳定性,以及非肽结合剂,例如基于核酸的适体。
抗VEGF抗体的实例包括兰尼单抗阿柏西普和贝伐单抗人患者中的标准剂量为50mg。有许多激酶抑制剂,至少有240种常用。参见《科学(Science)》(2017)658:1148。典型的是替沃扎尼(Tivozanib)、阿帕替尼(Apatinib)、乐伐替尼(Lenvatinib)、阿西替尼(Axitinib)、伊马替尼(Imtinib)、莫泰沙尼(Motesanib)、呋喹替尼(Fruquitinib)、布立尼布(Brivanib)、西地尼布(Cediranib)、瑞戈非尼(Regorafenib)、索凡替尼(Sulfatinib)、和舒尼替尼(Sunitinib)用于癌症治疗的的典型剂量是每天口服50mg,持续4周,然后休息2周。还作为VEGF-RST抑制剂被包括的是结合激酶或VEGF或VEGF-R的适体,例如培加他尼(Pegaptanib)、聚乙二醇化的抗VEGF适体。
关于血栓溶解剂和干预,可以使用各种纤溶酶原激活剂,例如组织纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)或其衍生物、尿激酶、链激酶、单链尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(uPA)、去氨普酶(衍生自吸血蝙蝠纤溶酶原激活剂)和其他作用于纤维蛋白的蛋白酶。已知用于切割纤维蛋白以及机械性破坏的其他试剂也用于本发明。这些可单独或联合使用。
然而,简言之,根据本发明的改进方法的该药物组合将VEGF-RST的抑制剂的剂量限制为仅在急性基础上起作用的剂量,即药物浓度在24-48小时后显著降低的剂量。剂量是用于治疗癌症时的抑制剂量的<5%。因此,有用的量可以从作为抗VEGF抗体的VEGF-RST抑制剂所使用的量来推断。因此,可以将抗VEGF抗体的血液浓度与这些抑制剂的替代形式的血液浓度进行比较,以确定任何VEGF-RST抑制剂的合适剂量,所述VEGF-RST抑制剂仅如本文所定义的那样急剧起作用。在治疗中施用的药物组合特别限于其中VEGF-RST抑制剂的剂量<5%、或<1%或<0.1%用于在癌症治疗中获得所需效果的组合。对于小分子药物(以及抗体或片段),剂量是在24小时内抑制>50%或>60%的VEGF-RST活性所需的量。这意味着本发明方案中使用的单克隆抗体剂量在70kg患者中为0.1-2.5mg,或者在70kg患者中为0.5-2.0mg或在70kg患者中为1mg-1.5mg,并且对不同重量的患者进行调整。
可以口服或注射给药。静脉注射是优选的,但不是必需的。当然,优选的给药方式取决于所用的具体治疗剂。用于口服给药的典型载体包括含有标准赋形剂的片剂、胶囊、糖浆等;用于注射剂的赋形剂也是常规的并且是本领域公知的。这些可以在例如由宾夕法尼亚州伊斯顿的马克出版公司(Mack Publishing Company)出版的《雷明顿药物科学(Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences)》的最新增补中找到。注射可以通过传统方法或由科罗拉多州戈尔登Pharmajet公司销售的气动压力系统进行。
上述VEGF-RST的抑制剂也可以与机械性溶血栓联合使用,其通常通过插入导管和机械性去除与缺血相关的血凝块来进行。这些抑制剂可以单独提供,也可以通过用于机械性去除的导管引入。用于与缺血相关的血凝块的机械性去除的多个装置在本领域中是已知的,并且其在下文中描述。将VEGF-RST抑制剂直接提供给凝块具有与凝块本身特异性相关的急性剂量的优点,但是可以使用这种抑制剂的系统性额外给药来代替或通过导管给药。在本发明的这个方面,不需要评估血脑屏障的状态,因为机械性去除凝块不会明显增强出血的风险。
然而,如果溶血栓剂是药物,则理想的是确保不太会出血。可以使用血液中的针对BBB破坏程度的一种或多种生物标志物的即时测定,以定点照护检测确定可以在救护车中施用的溶血栓剂的合意性和时间。为此目的,优选的实施方式是测量血液中的S100B和/或其二聚体。S100B是从星形胶质细胞分泌的钙结合蛋白,其在外周血中的正常水平极低。血脑屏障破坏的其他标志物是本领域已知的,并且可以代替S100B测定法或与S100B测定法组合使用。例如,外周血中UCHL-1水平升高是BBB破坏的诊断。Puvenna,V.等,《公共科学图书馆:综合(PLoS ONE)》(2014)9(5):e96296。
使用血液的诊断传统上仅限于实验室使用,因为它们依赖于复杂的仪器,耗费时间和劳动力,并且需要样品纯化。生物传感器和微流体技术相结合的进展使得即时诊断成为可能。Luka,G.等,《传感器(Sensors)》(2015)15:30011-30031。生物传感器包含固定在物理化学转换器上的生物衍生的识别元件,例如抗体。微流体系统控制流动条件,增加不同试剂的混合速率,并减少样品体积(降至纳升级),从而提高检测灵敏度,同时还提供样品制备功能。
BBB破坏严重程度的定点照护检测(例如血源性标记物)对于允许迅速的溶血栓疗法是有用的,从而实现更高的功效,通过与阻断VEGF活性的药剂组合而降低了不良出血的风险。
BBB破坏的定点照护检测法的使用并因此评估治疗的合意性和时间提供了与上述WO2011/013668中描述的治疗相关的改进,该文献通过引用结合到本文中。
关于进行所述测定的美国专利第6,884,591和7,144,708号通过引用并入本文,其描述了脑缺血后BBB完整性行为的测定。如'591和'708专利中所述,血液中S100B的测量具有以下优点:其血液(或血浆或血清)中的水平通常非常低或不可检测,正常水平为0.05ng/ml,在BBB受损后增加10到100倍。通过各种即时测定平台可容易地检测到的S100B水平范围是1ng/ml至约1mg/l。因此,可以容易地测量高于正常水平的增加。
在前述方法中,为了使该策略的效用最大化,重要的是在抵达医院之前容易地获得溶血栓剂和VEGF-RST的抑制剂。由于难以在救护车内提供用于这些敏感蛋白质药物的冷藏或其他冷藏方法,进一步有利的是以不需要冷藏的方式稳定这些生物药物。有几种策略可用于此目的。当然,这种稳定和包装的药物和本发明的测定和治疗方案没有理由不能用于医院环境中。
在疫苗方面,特别是在热带国家使用时,蛋白质稳定化以消除对制冷的需求已引起人们的极大兴趣。已经发现冻干条件导致没有冷藏的条件下的保质期延长,并且其易于溶解到无菌盐水中。美国专利第8,313,897号公开了某些糖与聚乙烯亚胺一起以冻干形式使用。美国专利第7,153,472号公开了通过蒸发泡沫干燥获得粉末状玻璃(无定形,半结晶)组合物(比常规冻干更快并且不易于蛋白质变性)。泡沫干燥的更多细节公开在美国专利第5,766,520号中。除了蛋白质稳定化之外,注射器设计还对微团聚体的形成产生影响,如Yoshino,K.等在(2014)《药学杂志(J.Pharm.Sci.)》103:1520-1528中所描述的。使用适当的涂层技术,可以在不使用可促进蛋白质微聚集的硅油的情况下实现平滑分配。
总之,本发明提供了改进,其允许在救护车环境中对缺血患者进行紧急治疗以及改进通常在医院中进行的程序。因此,提供了用于评估用治疗剂进行适当的紧急治疗的材料和方法,所述治疗剂通过评估血脑屏障的状态和以适当的量施用VEGF-RST抑制剂来溶解凝块同时使出血风险最小化。本发明还涉及通过以相似的量给予这些抑制剂来改善机械性凝块去除的结果,尤其是在机械性去除中使用的相同导管中。
下列实施例是说明性的,不对本发明进行限制。
实施例1
评估tPA和抗VEGF抗体联合给药作为治疗窗口功能的检测
脑梗死大鼠模型在上述WO2011/013668和美国专利第8,652,476和9,439,961号中被公开。简而言之,通过凝结来自大鼠的自体血液和凝血酶,在聚乙烯管导管中凝胶形成血栓。将其放置过夜并切成1mm的长度。在用氟烷麻醉下,将血栓从颈外动脉注入大鼠模型的大脑中动脉。在注射血栓之前和之后30分钟或24小时测量脑血流量。将表现出脑血流量低于注射血栓前测量值的50%的动物用作实验中的模型。
注射血栓后,与注射血栓前测量的S100B水平相比,通过比较血清S100B水平作为时间的函数来评估BBB状态。抗VEGF治疗显著降低了针对诱导中风之前相同个体大鼠中的水平标准化的S100B水平。在两个时间点(诱导中风后3小时和24小时)观察到功效,其中5只大鼠中的4只显示抗VEGF组中的S100B减少,而对照组仅有1只。
实施例2
人卒风血栓样本中VEGF和S100B的测定
对多项S100B研究的综述得出结论,它一般不适合作为中风的标志物,但可用作脑损伤的替代标志物(Dassan,P.等,《脑血管疾病(Cerebrovasc.Dis.)》(2009)27:295-302)。通过阻断VEGF信号传导,使用tPA与药剂结合改善tPA毒性最适合具有更严重脑损伤的患者,其中S100B是选择患者接受该组合疗法的有用标志物。
目前,tPA是唯一广泛用于溶解动脉内血栓的药物干预,有助于恢复脑血流量。其他介入策略包括使用机械性破坏和移除动脉内血栓的工具,尤其包括:或(斯瑞克公司(Stryker);密歇根州卡拉马祖);SolitaireTM(美敦力公司(Medtronic);明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯);ApolloTM(Penumbra公司;加利福尼亚州阿拉米达)。为了测试在栓塞性中风事件后大脑模型中观察到的VEGF的相同局部升高是否存在于人脑中,39名患者参加该研究。其中18例在介入血栓切除术开始前静脉注射tPA。所有患者均接受血管内再通术,20例根据临床和影像学标准分类为出血性。MRI的中风程度测量为弥散加权成像(DWI),并通过改良的Alberta中风项目早期CT评分(ASPECTS)进行量化。将欧洲合作急性中风研究(ECASS)标准用于确定出血的性质。提取的血栓和抽吸物通常被丢弃,但在本研究中被保存用于分析。50%的病例实现了全面再通,25%的干预措施取得了部分成功。S100B和VEGF的值与再通的成功或程度无统计学相关性。还收集外周血样品并通过ELISA测定法测定VEGF或S100B。分析物水平不依赖于中风病因的机制(动脉粥样硬化,7%;心脏栓塞,56%;大血管闭塞,15%;隐源性,22%)。
当循环VEGF的值与凝块中tPA的水平进行比较时,tPA水平与VEGF之间存在统计学上显著的相关性(P<0.006)。将患者分为VEGF凝块>VEGF外周后,观察到只有42%的低VEGF患者出现出血(通过CT扫描确定),而72%的脑VEGF升高患者出血(组间差异P=0.05)。外周S100B与出血的存在之间的关系是显著的(P<0.05),并且不依赖于所使用的方法(CT或MRI)。当所有患者一起进行分析时,凝块中的S100B和VEGF与放射学终点相关性良好;凝块VEGF和外周S100B与不良结果(放电NIH中风量表(NIHSS))特异性相关。
基于上述人类数据,在用兔多克隆抗VEGF抗体处理后,在大鼠实验诱导的动脉内血栓形成模型中进行进一步的实验以检查S100B。在未治疗的动物中,80%在缺血性中风后8和24小时显示血清中的S100B增加(归一化至前一天基线水平)。相比之下,80%的抗VEGF治疗的动物在两个时间点都具有显著的S100B降低。
实施例3
抗VEGF抗体的剂量调整
VEGF-RST抑制剂的有效量由可获得的来源确定如下:建立抗VEGF抗体用于改善tPA的出血活性的效用的研究,使用称为RB-222(Thermo Fisher)的多克隆兔血清:Kanazawa,M.等,《脑血流与代谢杂志(J.Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism)》(2011)31:1461-1474。给予大鼠的剂量为30或100ug/大鼠;在Zhang,H T.等,《分子医学报告(MolMed Rep.)》(2017)15:57-64中,10μg/大鼠的RB-222剂量比5μg/大鼠更有效。在500-1000g的重量下,这些结果意味着有效剂量为~75ug/kg。应用于平均体重为70kg的人类,这相当于为人提供~5mg剂量。抗VEGF抗体(贝伐单抗,基因泰克公司)的标准商品单剂量小瓶含有100mg,多个所述小瓶用于达到推荐的10-15mg/kg总剂量。虽然该剂量适合于癌症治疗,但上述Kanazawa和Zhang数据表明,如果使用多克隆如RB222,则在治疗中风时与溶血栓联合治疗的有效剂量仅为约5mg。对于此处描述的中风指征,组合治疗的适当剂量是用于癌症的剂量的约1%。在体外ELISA测定中与VEGF结合的EC50为0.1ug/mL。对于密切相关的免疫组织化学应用,供应商推荐的RB-222浓度为10ug/mL。也就是说,单克隆抗体的体外效力是多克隆血清的100倍。因此,通过该比较,急性中风指征的等效人剂量是用于癌症的剂量的1%。
实施例4
基于药代动力学的剂量调整
使用公开的低剂量数据构建PK模型,该数据来自于眼内给予的抗体溢出进入全身循环以治疗黄斑变性Avery R.L.,《英国眼科杂志(Br.J.Ophthalmol.)》(2014)98:1636-41。血栓切除术后提取的凝块中VEGF的测定显示该位点的峰浓度为~10nM。发表的用于VEGF的Kd为2.2nM,该模型预测~1nM(0.15μg/ml)的足以隔离凝块中的峰值VEGF水平。
对于70kg的人,以0.01mg/kg的剂量或0.7mg的剂量实现5L血液中的抗体浓度(~1nM)。这是标准癌症剂量的0.1%。在该剂量下,正常清除率在48小时内将抗体浓度降低至其Kd的<10%,之后其具有可忽略的药理活性。
这在小鼠模型中得到了证明。剂量范围为2.67×10-3mg/kg至8.8×103mg/kg的IV带来血液峰值水平为1.5×10-4-49×10-4μg/ml或6-18nM。这足以将血清中的VEGF水平从22pg/ml降至10pg/ml。
Claims (18)
1.一种减少人类患者中脑缺血事件引起的神经元损伤的治疗方法,所述方法包括给所述患者施用有效量的溶血栓剂和有效量的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)受体介导的信号转导(VEGF-RST)的抑制剂,其中所述抑制剂的有效剂量提供急性抑制但不长期抑制。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中VEGF-RST抑制剂是特异性结合VEGF或结合VEGF-R并对其具有拮抗作用的抗体或其抗原结合片段,或是抗体模拟物,或是与VEGF-R信号传导相关的激酶的抑制剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述抑制剂的有效量在用于治疗癌症的剂量的0.1至5%的范围内。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中抗体抑制剂的有效量在每70kg患者0.1-2.5mg的范围内,其中抗体片段或抗体模拟物的值通过所述片段或模拟物的分子量与完整抗体的分子量的比率降低。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其还包括进行由所述缺血事件引起的血-脑屏障(BBB)完整性丧失的检测。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述检测包括测定血液中的总S100B和/或S100BB二聚体。
7.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述溶血栓包括组织纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)、尿激酶、链激酶、去氨普酶、单链尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(uPA)或机械性溶血栓。
8.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其中VEGF-RST抑制剂是抗体或抗原结合片段,其特异性结合VEGF或与VEGF-R结合并对其具有拮抗作用,并且与其拮抗,或是酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中激酶抑制剂选自替沃扎尼、阿帕替尼、乐伐替尼、阿西替尼、伊马替尼、莫泰沙尼、呋喹替尼、布立尼布、西地尼布、瑞戈非尼、索凡替尼、和舒尼替尼。
10.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其中溶血栓剂和VEGF-RST抑制剂被配制和/或包装成在室温下长期稳定。
11.一种试剂盒,其包括溶血栓剂和VEGF-RST抑制剂成分,其中VEGF-RST抑制剂的剂量范围为用于治疗癌症的剂量的0.1%至5%。
12.如权利要求11所述的试剂盒,其中成分被配制和/或包装成在室温下长期稳定。
13.如权利要求11或12所述的试剂盒,其中VEGF-RST抑制剂是特异性结合VEGF或与VEGF-R结合并对其具有拮抗作用的抗体或抗原结合片段,或是与VEGF-R信号传导相关的激酶的抑制剂。
14.如权利要求11或12所述的试剂盒,其还包括由所述缺血事件引起的血-脑屏障(BBB)完整性丧失的检测,以确定所述患者接受所述治疗的敏感性和适用于选择适合用溶血栓剂和VEGF-RST抑制剂组合治疗的患者的解释性引导。
15.如权利要求14所述的试剂盒,其中所述检测包括测定血液中的总S100B和/或S100BB二聚体。
16.一种减少人类患者中脑缺血事件引起的神经元损伤的治疗方法,所述方法包括机械性去除与所述缺血事件相关的血凝块,并与所述去除测定剂量的VEGF-RST抑制剂联合施用,有效抑制24小时内>50%的信号转导。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中VEGF-RST抑制剂是特异性结合VEGF或与VEGF-R结合并对其具有拮抗作用的抗体或抗原结合片段,并且与其拮抗,或是酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,并且测量的剂量在用于治疗癌症的剂量的0.1%至5%的范围内。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述方法由包括用于所述机械性去除的导管的装置执行,并且其中所述抑制剂通过导管施用,所述导管是用于所述机械去除的装置的一部分。
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