JP2020504181A - 脳虚血の治療のための薬物レジメン - Google Patents
脳虚血の治療のための薬物レジメン Download PDFInfo
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- A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
- A61K39/3955—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against proteinaceous materials, e.g. enzymes, hormones, lymphokines
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年1月5日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/442,826号および2017年3月10日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/470,086号に対する優先権を主張するものであり、各出願はその全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、薬学的または機械的な血栓溶解後に出血性変化(hemorrhagic transformation)のリスクがある脳虚血経験患者を治療するための、生理学的状態の生物学的マーカーの分野およびその方法を実施するためのキットに関する。特に、本発明は、長期的な阻害ではなく一過性の阻害をもたらす、有効量の血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)受容体介在シグナル伝達(VEGF−RST)の阻害剤に関する。本発明はまた、冷蔵保存を不要とするためのタンパク質薬物の安定化、ならびに酸素ラジカル損傷を低減させかつ注射による送達の際のタンパク質凝集を低減させるようにこれらの薬物をパッケージングすることに関する。本発明はまた、機械的な血栓溶解の改善に関する。
一態様では、本発明は、ヒト患者における脳虚血性イベントによって引き起こされるニューロン損傷を軽減するための治療方法に関し、該方法は、該患者に、有効量の血栓溶解剤および有効量の血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)受容体介在シグナル伝達(VEGF−RST)の阻害剤を投与することを含んでなり、この場合、該阻害剤の有効量は急性期阻害をもたらすが、長期的には阻害しない量である。典型的には、該阻害剤の有効量は癌の治療に使用される用量の0.1〜5%の範囲である。
治療ウィンドウの関数としてのtPAと抗VEGF抗体との併用投与を評価するためのアッセイ
脳梗塞ラットモデルは、上記のWO2011/013668ならびに米国特許第8,652,476号および第9,439,961号に開示されている。簡単に説明すると、ポリエチレンチューブカテーテル内でラット由来の自己血およびトロンビンをゲルとして凝固させることによって、血栓を形成させる。これを一晩放置して、1mmの長さに切断する。ハロタンによる麻酔下でラットモデルの外頸動脈から中大脳動脈に血栓を注入する。脳の血流を、血栓の注入前と注入30分後または24時間後に測定する。血栓の注入前に測定された脳血流の50%よりも低下した脳血流を示す動物を、この実験におけるモデルとして使用する。
ヒト脳卒中血栓サンプル中のVEGFとS100Bの測定
複数のS100B研究のレビューは、S100Bが一般的に脳卒中のマーカーとしては適さないが、脳損傷のための代理マーカーとして有用であると結論づけた(Dassan,P.,et al.,Cerebrovasc.Dis.(2009)27:295−302)。VEGFシグナル伝達を遮断することによってtPAの毒性を改善する薬剤と組み合わせたtPAの使用は、より重度の脳損傷を有する患者に最適であり、そのためS100Bはこの併用療法を受ける患者を選択するための有用なマーカーである。
VEGFに対する抗体の用量調整
VEGF−RSTの阻害剤の有効量は、以下のような、入手可能な情報源から決定される:tPAの出血活性を改善するためのVEGFに対する抗体の有用性を確立する研究は、RB−222(Thermo Fisher社)と命名されたポリクローナルウサギ血清を使用した:Kanazawa,M.,et al.,J.Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism(2011)31:1461−1474。ラットに投与された用量は30または100μg/ラットであった;Zhang,H−T.,et al.,Mol Med Rep.(2017)15:57−64では、10μg/ラットのRB−222の用量は5μg/ラットよりも有効であった。500〜1000gの体重では、これらの結果は、有効量が約75μg/kgであったことを意味する。平均体重70kgのヒトに適用すると、これはヒトに約5mg量を投与することに相当する。抗VEGF抗体Avastin(登録商標)(ベバシズマブ,Genentech社)の標準的な市販の単回量バイアルは100mgを含み、推奨される10〜15mg/kgの総用量を達成するために複数のバイアルが使用される。この用量は癌治療に適しているが、前述のKanazawaおよびZhangのデータは、脳卒中の治療で血栓溶解剤と組み合わせたときの有効用量が、RB−222のようなポリクローナル抗体を使用する場合、患者あたりわずか5mgであることを実証する。本明細書に記載される脳卒中適応症では、この併用療法のための適切な用量は、癌に使用される用量の約1%である。
薬物動態に基づく用量調整
PK(薬物動態)モデルは、低用量Avastin(登録商標)に関する既報のデータを用いて構築されたが、この低用量Avastin(登録商標)は、黄斑変性症の治療のために眼内投与された該抗体からの全身循環への漏出から生じた;Avery R.L.,Br.J.Ophthalmol.(2014)98:1636−41。血栓除去術後に摘出された血塊中のVEGFのアッセイは、その部位でのピーク濃度が約10nMであることを示した。VEGFに対するAvastin(登録商標)の公表されているKdは2.2nMであり、このモデルからは、約1nM(0.15μg/ml)のAvastin(登録商標)が血塊中のピークVEGFレベルを封鎖するのに十分であろうと予測される。
Claims (18)
- ヒト患者における、脳虚血性イベントによって引き起こされるニューロン損傷を軽減するための治療方法であって、該患者に、有効量の血栓溶解剤および有効量の血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)受容体介在シグナル伝達(VEGF−RST)阻害剤を投与することを含み、
ここで、該阻害剤の有効量が急性期阻害をもたらすが、長期的には阻害しない方法。 - VEGF−RSTの阻害剤が、VEGF若しくはVEGF−Rに特異的に結合し、かつそれに対してアンタゴニスティックである抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであるか、あるいは、抗体ミミックであるか、あるいは、VEGF−Rシグナル伝達に関連するキナーゼの阻害剤である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記阻害剤の有効量が癌の治療に使用される用量の0.1〜5%の範囲内である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体阻害剤の有効量が70kgの患者につき0.1〜2.5mgの範囲内であり、
ここで、抗体フラグメントまたは抗体ミミックの値は、該フラグメントまたは該ミミックの分子量と完全抗体の分子量の比に応じて減少される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記虚血性イベントから生じる血液脳関門(BBB)完全性の喪失について検査を実施することをさらに含む、請求項1〜請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記検査が、血中の総S100Bおよび/またはS100BBホモ二量体を測定することを含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記血栓溶解剤が、組織型プラスミノーゲンアクチベータ(tPA)、ウロキナーゼ、ストレプトキナーゼ、デスモテプラーゼ、単鎖ウロキナーゼ型プラスミノーゲンアクチベータ(uPA)、または機械的血栓溶解を含む、請求項1〜請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- VEGF−RST阻害剤が、VEGF若しくはVEGF−Rに特異的に結合し、かつそれに対してアンタゴニスティックである抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであるか、あるいはチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤である、請求項1〜請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記キナーゼ阻害剤が、チボザニブ(Tivozanib)、アパチニブ(Apatinib)、レンバチニブ(Lenvatinib)、アキシチニブ(Axitinib)、イムチニブ(Imtinib)、モテサニブ(Motesanib)、フルキチニブ(Fruquitinib)、ブリバニブ(Brivanib)、セジラニブ(Cediranib)、レゴラフェニブ(Regorafenib)、スルファチニブ(Sulfatinib)、およびスニチニブ(Sunitinib)からなる群より選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記血栓溶解剤と前記VEGF−RST阻害剤が、室温における長期安定性のため製剤化されかつ/またはパッケージングされている、請求項1〜請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 血栓溶解剤およびVEGF−RST阻害剤である成分を含むキットであって、
VEGF−RST阻害剤が癌の治療に使用される用量の0.1%〜5%の範囲内の測定用量であるキット。 - 前記成分が、室温における長期安定性のため製剤化されかつ/またはパッケージングされている、請求項11に記載のキット。
- VEGF−RSTの阻害剤が、VEGFまたはVEGF−Rに特異的に結合しかつそれに対してアンタゴニスティックである抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであるか、あるいはVEGF−Rシグナル伝達に関連するキナーゼの阻害剤である、請求項11または12に記載のキット。
- 前記治療に対する患者の感受性を判定するために前記虚血性イベントから生じる血液脳関門(BBB)完全性の喪失についての検査、および、血栓溶解剤とVEGF−RST阻害剤の併用治療に適切な患者を選択するのに適した判断ガイドをさらに含む、請求項11または12に記載のキット。
- 前記検査が血中の総S100Bおよび/またはS100BBホモ二量体を測定することを含む、請求項14に記載のキット。
- ヒト患者における脳虚血性イベントによって引き起こされるニューロン損傷を軽減するための治療方法であって、該虚血性イベントに関連する血塊を機械的に除去すること、およびその除去に伴い、VEGF−RSTの阻害剤を、シグナル伝達の50%超を24時間にわたって阻害するのに有効な測定用量で投与することを含んでなる方法。
- VEGF−RSTの阻害剤が、VEGF若しくはVEGF−Rに特異的に結合し、かつそれに対してアンタゴニスティックである抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであるか、あるいはチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤であり、前記測定用量が癌の治療に使用される用量の0.1%〜5%の範囲内である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記機械的除去のためのカテーテルを含むデバイスによって行われ、前記阻害剤が前記機械的除去用のデバイスの一部であるカテーテルを用いて投与される、請求項17に記載の方法。
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