CN110234919A - 阀 - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN110234919A
CN110234919A CN201780078635.5A CN201780078635A CN110234919A CN 110234919 A CN110234919 A CN 110234919A CN 201780078635 A CN201780078635 A CN 201780078635A CN 110234919 A CN110234919 A CN 110234919A
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piston
sealing element
valve according
sealing
shell
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CN110234919B (zh
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R·博南诺
J·普罗伊纳
A·瓦西里科
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Carl Freudenberg KG
Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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Carl Freudenberg KG
CPT Group GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0644—One-way valve
    • F16K31/0655—Lift valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3204—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K25/00—Details relating to contact between valve members and seats
    • F16K25/005—Particular materials for seats or closure elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/02—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
    • F16K27/029—Electromagnetically actuated valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0686—Braking, pressure equilibration, shock absorbing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0686—Braking, pressure equilibration, shock absorbing
    • F16K31/0693—Pressure equilibration of the armature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K39/00—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces
    • F16K39/02—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces for lift valves
    • F16K39/024—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces for lift valves using an auxiliary valve on the main valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
    • F02B37/183—Arrangements of bypass valves or actuators therefor
    • F02B37/186—Arrangements of actuators or linkage for bypass valves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)
  • Sealing With Elastic Sealing Lips (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种阀，其具有壳体1、布置在壳体1中的螺线管5、能够被螺线管移动的销7、与销7连接的活塞8和布置在壳体1与活塞8之间的密封件10。活塞8至少在其开放的端部4的区域中具有径向环绕的密封件15，该密封件在阀的关闭状态中贴靠在第二壳体部件13上，第二壳体部件13与壳体1连接。

Description

阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种阀，其具有壳体、布置在壳体中的螺线管、能够被螺线管移动的销和与销连接的罐状的活塞和布置在壳体与活塞之间的密封件。
背景技术
这种阀主要被用作机动车中的涡轮增压器上的空气转向阀，以便在惯性滑行运行中释放通向吸入侧的旁路，这种阀因此是已知的。为了防止涡轮增压器的过于猛烈的制动，但也为了确保快速的起动，阀的快速打开和关闭是一个重要的前提条件。尤其在关闭时重要的是，通过将活塞贴靠到阀座上而实现立即关闭。阀座由涡轮增压器的壳体形成，阀被法兰连接在该壳体上。此外，可轴向移动的活塞必须相对于壳体密封。为此已知，在壳体中布置V形密封件，该密封件的腿部分别贴靠在壳体上和罐状活塞的侧面上。通过两个腿部的预紧实现密封效果。在此不利的是，其中一个腿部的、贴靠在活塞上的密封唇由于在打开和关闭时的活塞运动受到摩擦作用，这导致磨损提高。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，提供一种具有改善的密封功能的阀。
该目的由此实现，即，活塞至少在其开放的端部区域中具有径向环绕的密封件，该密封件仅在阀的关闭的状态中贴靠在第二壳体部件上，第二壳体部件与壳体连接。
通过将径向环绕的密封件布置在活塞的开放端部上——该密封件仅在关闭的状态中与第二壳体部件共同作用——实现了，将密封限制在活塞处于关闭位置中的时间段上，该时间段还包括直接在活塞静止之前的时间段。这意味着，活塞和密封件在即将到达关闭位置之前就已经发生接触。随着活塞最终运动到关闭位置中，密封件变形，使得该密封件接触第二壳体部件并且在此被预紧。因此，利用轴向起作用的密封件防止了密封件在活塞打开和关闭时的运动期间与第二壳体部件接触并且受到随之而来的摩擦作用。因此防止了由摩擦引起的磨损并且改善了密封件的使用寿命。
这种轴向起作用的密封件的特别好的密封作用通过如下方式实现，即，密封件具有至少一个密封唇，所述至少一个密封唇径向向外并且朝向罐状的活塞的底部并且与第二壳体部件的密封面接触，其中，密封面布置在径向向内指向的凸缘上。
通过使用橡胶、优选氟橡胶作为密封材料而获得密封件的良好的耐化学腐蚀性。另一个优点在于，这种橡胶密封件能耐受高达180℃的高温。
在一个简单的设计方案中，密封件布置在活塞的开放的端部处。根据安装情况和运行条件，必须相应地设计阀的组成部分，例如螺线管、壳体、弹簧、活塞。这可能导致，活塞必须具有相当的高度，这可能导致密封件的相应较大的构造。在此证实为有利的是，密封件不仅布置在开放端部处，而且还布置在位于开放端部处的区域中，该区域最高为活塞高度的30％。这具有的优点是，密封件也可以在开放的端部的下方布置在活塞的侧面上，这能够实现密封件、尤其是密封唇的较小的尺寸设计。
当活塞由不锈钢、优选由铬镍钢制成时，获得相对于侵蚀性介质更大的耐受性并且因此获得更长的使用寿命。此外，金属活塞具有更高的耐温性的优点，从而根据本发明的阀可以覆盖更广泛的应用领域，尤其是在更高的温度下。
由于金属相对于塑料具有更高的稳定性，因此可以使活塞的壁厚明显更小。根据使用领域，已证实为有利的是，活塞的金属具有0.3mm至1mm的厚度，优选具有0.4mm至0.8mm的厚度，尤其具有0.5mm的厚度。
根据另一有利的设计方案，当活塞是深拉件时，活塞能够特别成本适宜地在一个加工步骤/工序中制造。
当活塞在其底部的区域中在外侧上具有另一密封件时，则可以特别简单地实现对涡轮增压器的旁通管道的密封。
根据一个有利的设计方案，当活塞的底部在环形的密封件的区域中具有至少3个缺口，优选具有4至12个缺口并且尤其具有5至8个缺口时，并且密封件穿过这些缺口一直延伸至底部的内侧上，则所述另一密封件与活塞的连接被设计得特别简单。
根据一个特别有利的设计方案，用于布置两个密封件的花费可通过如下方式降低，即，密封件在开放的端部的区域中和所述另外的密封件在底部区域中一体地相互连接。以这种方式，两个密封件仅在一个工作步骤中与活塞连接。因此可以取消对密封件的附加安装。此外，减少了构件的数量和这种活塞的复杂性。
两个密封件的一体式连接在最简单的情况下可以通过活塞的柱形侧面的外侧实现。在这种情况下，活塞在外部由密封材料保护。但是也可以考虑，这样构造两个密封件的连接，使得密封材料覆盖活塞的柱形侧面的内侧。
在另一设计方案中，两个密封件的连接被设计成使得密封材料在内部和外部都覆盖柱形侧面。因此，活塞在所述区域中被密封材料包覆，并且因此得到附加的保护。
根据另一设计方案，通过硫化处理/硫化作用(Aufvulkanisieren)到活塞上实现至少一个密封件在开放的端部的区域中的可靠的连接。
此外，已证明为有利的是，第二壳体部件由金属制成，优选由不锈钢制成，尤其由铬镍钢制成。这允许将第二壳体部件构造为深拉件并进而实现特别成本适宜的制造。因此，也能够在相同的制造过程中制造具有用于布置在活塞上的密封件的密封面的凸缘。
附图说明
在实施例中详细描述本发明。在图中示出：
图1示出根据现有技术的阀的剖视图，
图2示出根据本发明的阀的剖视图，和
图3示出根据图2的另一实施方式。
具体实施方式
图1示出阀，其包括壳体1，该壳体具有一体成型的、用于电连接阀的插座2。此外，壳体1还具有成型的法兰3和三个孔3a，壳体1通过这些孔在旁通管道4的区域中被法兰连接在未示出的涡轮增压器上。在所示的安装位置中，在法兰3上连接有第二壳体部件13。在壳体1中布置了带有线圈6和金属销7的螺线管5。金属销7与罐状的活塞8连接，该活塞在其底部9的圆周上具有轴向突出的环形的密封面10。在所示的关闭位置中，密封面10贴靠在阀座11上，以便关闭旁路管道4，从而介质不能从管道4流入管道12中。在此，弹簧7a将活塞8压向阀座11的方向。由于管道12中的压力而作用在底部9上的力反作用于由弹簧7a产生的力。
图2示出阀，其具有由铬镍钢制成的、壁厚为0.5mm的罐状活塞8。在开放的端部的区域14中布置有由氟橡胶制成的密封件15。密封件15具有密封唇16，该密封唇径向向外并且朝向罐状活塞8的底部9取向，并且与第二壳体部件13的密封面17接触，其中，密封面17布置在径向向内指向的凸缘18上。第二壳体部件13与活塞8一样是深拉件并且同样由铬镍钢制成。活塞的底部9具有八个缺口19，所述缺口被另一个密封件10穿过，从而环形的且布置在底部9的外侧上的另一密封件10延伸直至底部的内侧。缺口19在此形成用于另外的密封件10的一种底切部/沉割部，从而使得该另一密封件不易脱落地与活塞8连接。同时，另外的密封件10还与密封件15相互连接成一体，使得活塞的柱形侧面的外侧被由氟橡胶制成的、0.5mm厚的层覆盖。位于底部9中的卷边20用于弹簧7a的引导和居中定位。底部9中未示出的开口能够实现与阀的内部的压力平衡，以便能够实现更容易的打开。
根据本发明的阀在图3中的活塞区域内的放大图在基本结构上相当于图2中的阀。两个密封件10、15同样彼此一体地连接，其中，密封材料21不仅在内部而且在外部覆盖活塞8的柱形侧面。因此，活塞8在所述区域中被密封材料21包覆。

Claims (12)

1.一种阀，其具有壳体、布置在壳体中的螺线管、能够被螺线管移动的销、与销连接的罐状的活塞和布置在壳体与活塞之间的密封件，
其特征在于，
活塞(8)至少在其开放的端部(14)的区域中具有径向环绕的密封件(15)，该密封件在阀的关闭的状态中贴靠在第二壳体部件(13)上，该第二壳体部件(13)与壳体(1)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阀，其特征在于，密封件(15)具有至少一个密封唇(16)，所述至少一个密封唇径向向外并且朝向罐状的活塞(8)的底部(9)并且与第二壳体部件(13)的密封面(17)接触，其中，密封面(17)布置在径向向内指向的凸缘(18)上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的阀，其特征在于，密封件(15)由橡胶制成，优选由氟橡胶制成。
4.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的阀，其特征在于，密封件(15)布置在其中的区域(14)最大达到活塞高度的30％。
5.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的阀，其特征在于，活塞(8)由金属制成，优选由不锈钢制成，尤其由铬镍钢制成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的阀，其特征在于，活塞(8)具有0.3mm至1mm的壁厚，优选具有0.4mm至0.8mm的壁厚，尤其具有0.5mm的壁厚。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的阀，其特征在于，活塞(8)是深拉件。
8.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的阀，其特征在于，活塞(8)在其底部(9)的区域中在外侧具有另一密封件(10)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的阀，其特征在于，密封件(15)在开放的端部(14)的区域中与在底部区域(9)中的另一密封件(10)一体地相互连接。
10.根据权利要求9所述的阀，其特征在于，两个密封件(15、10)相互连接成一体，使得密封材料(21)在内部和外部都覆盖活塞(8)的柱形侧面。
11.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的阀，其特征在于，至少所述密封件(15)在开放的端部(14)的区域中被硫化处理。
12.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的阀，其特征在于，第二壳体部件(13)由金属制成，优选由不锈钢制成，尤其由铬镍钢制成。
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