CN110183710B - 一种溶剂响应性无规共聚物刷表面的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种溶剂响应性无规共聚物刷表面的制备方法,其是先在聚合物薄膜基材表面引入过氧基团,然后选用亲水性单体和疏水性单体,通过热引发两单体无规共聚表面接枝的方法,得到溶剂响应性的共聚物刷。该无规共聚物刷兼含亲水性的聚乙二醇侧链和疏水性的含氟烷基侧链,两侧链具有极佳的旋转运动性,在溶剂作用下会选择性地向表面迁移,发生结构重组,致使共聚物刷表面的浸润性、极性和黏附特性等产生显著地改变,表现出良好的溶剂响应性质。本发明工艺条件简单,反应过程易于控制,无需复杂的设备,制得的溶剂响应性表面可应用于表面自清洁、微流体、传感器件等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚合物智能表面制备技术领域,具体涉及一种溶剂响应性无规共聚物刷表面的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,溶剂响应性聚合物刷智能表面的研究、应用引起了普遍关注。聚合物链在良溶剂中伸展(可溶)、在不良溶剂中收缩(不溶)的性质即为溶剂敏感性。一般地,将亲水/疏水性不同的两种链段,制成嵌段结构共聚物刷连接在固体表面,即可赋予表面溶剂响应性。不同选择性溶剂处理后,两种链段因相分离作用会发生链翻转,进而发生链结构重组,致使表面的浸润性和粘结性等物理化学性质发生迅速地改变。作为一种智能型表面,溶剂响应性聚合物刷表面在表面自清洁、微流体、传感器件、生物表面及胶体稳定性等诸多领域具有广泛的应用。
现有的溶剂响应性聚合物刷的制备工艺,主要是采用“grafting to”或“graftingfrom”方法在基材表面制备嵌段结构的共聚物刷。申请号为200710067290.1的中国专利公开了一种溶剂响应型智能表面的制备方法,首先采用分子自组装在玻璃或单晶硅表面修饰硅烷偶联剂,然后通过“grafting to”接枝两亲性嵌段共聚物,所得表面经不同溶剂处理后,表面的润湿特性可发生可逆性改变。Zhu等(Langmuir,2008,24,8303-8308)公开了采用“grafting from”并以两步原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法在硅片表面接枝嵌段共聚物刷,首先将有机溴化物引入到硅片表面,以CuBr和Bipy分别为催化剂和配体,实现了甲基丙烯酸寡聚乙二醇酯(OEGMA)的ATRP;然后以POEGMA-g-Si为大分子引发剂,实现了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的ATRP,得到了结构可控的POEGMA-b-PMMA共聚物刷。该共聚物刷表面经二碘甲烷和水处理后,水接触角分别为64°和53°,呈现出溶剂响应性质。
虽然目前已公开了溶剂响应性嵌段结构共聚物刷的制备方法,但其中“graftingto”因空间位阻效应会存在反应困难、操作复杂等缺点;而“grafting from”采用的引发剂毒性较大、不易回收,同时催化剂不易于保存,且载体表面引入引发剂的过程也较为复杂。因此需要开发一种新的溶剂响应性聚合物刷的制备工艺,以提高其在智能型聚合物表面领域的应用。
发明内容
本发明是针对现有技术中的不足,提供一种溶剂响应性无规共聚物刷表面的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种溶剂响应性无规共聚物刷表面的制备方法,其是先在聚合物薄膜基材表面引入过氧基团,然后选用亲水性单体和疏水性单体,通过热引发两单体无规共聚表面接枝的方法,在基材表面制备得到兼含亲水性侧链和疏水性侧链的溶剂响应性共聚物刷;
其具体步骤如下:
(1)将聚合物薄膜基材置于臭氧反应器中,在O3浓度100mg/L、O3/O2混合气体流量12L/h的条件下处理20~40min,从而在基材表面产生过氧基团;
(2)将步骤(1)中表面产生过氧基团的聚合物薄膜基材浸入到含亲水单体和疏水单体的共溶液中,在60~90℃、避氧条件下表面接枝聚合24~48h,反应结束后,将基材表面用溶剂浸泡清洗48h,然后在室温下真空干燥至恒重,制备得到溶剂响应性的无规共聚物刷表面。
步骤(1)所述聚合物薄膜基材为聚乙烯薄膜、聚丙烯薄膜、聚偏氟乙烯薄膜或聚氯乙烯薄膜中的任意一种。
步骤(2)所述共溶液具体是将亲水性单体与疏水性单体按摩尔比(95:5)~(80:20)加入至DMF或二甲苯中,控制两单体的总质量浓度为15~30%。
所述亲水性单体为聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯、甲氧基聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇单油酸酯中的任意一种。
所述疏水性单体为具有不同酯基链长的氟代丙烯酸酯系列,其可为2-(三氟甲基)丙烯酸、2,2,3,3-四氟丙基甲基丙烯酸酯、2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯、甲基丙烯酸1H,1H,2H,2H-九氟己酯、1H,1H,7H-十二氟庚基甲基丙烯酸酯、3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-十三氟辛基丙烯酸酯、1H,1H-全氟辛基丙烯酸酯中的任意一种。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1. 本发明提供的无规共聚物刷兼含亲水性的聚乙二醇(PEG)侧链和疏水性的含氟烷基侧链,其表面经不同选择性溶剂处理后,表面的浸润性、极性和黏附特性等会产生显著地改变,其中水接触角差值可达45.2°,油接触角差值可达20.6°,表面能差值可达26.4mJ•m-2,水黏附力差值可达104μN,表现出良好的溶剂响应性质。这是归因于该共聚物刷的两种侧链具有极佳的旋转运动性,在溶剂作用下会选择性地向表面迁移,发生结构重组。具体地,该共聚物刷表面经溶剂水(PEG的良溶剂,含氟烷基的不良溶剂)处理后,其PEG侧链呈伸展状态并朝向表层而含氟烷基侧链收缩在内层,表面富集了大量PEG侧链,使其呈亲水亲油性且极性大、黏附性强;而当表面经溶剂石油醚(含氟烷基的良溶剂,PEG的不良溶剂)处理后,两侧链发生翻转,含氟烷基侧链伸展在共聚物刷的表层、PEG侧链收缩在内层,表面富集了含氟烷基侧链,增大了其表面的疏水性和疏油性,降低了表面极性和黏附性。
2. 本发明采用臭氧处理在聚合物薄膜基材表面产生过氧基团活性种,然后通过简单的无规共聚表面接枝方法制备共聚物刷。与现有的嵌段共聚物刷制备过程相比,本发明工艺条件简单,反应过程易于控制,无需复杂的设备,易于实现。
3. 本发明采用的表面接枝工艺使无规共聚物刷与聚合物薄膜基材表面以共价键连接,彼此结构稳定,其表面的溶剂响应性质具有良好的可逆性和可重复性。
4. 本发明制备的溶剂响应性无规共聚物刷可应用于表面自清洁、微流体、传感器件等领域。其中对于表面自清洁来说,该共聚物刷表面污染后经简单的水清洗,表面的残油量仅为0.5~0.9%,表现出良好的清洗性能。
附图说明
图1为聚丙烯薄膜基材(a)与实施例1制备的溶剂响应性共聚物刷(b)表面的红外光谱对比图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1
本实施例中的聚合物薄膜采用聚丙烯薄膜,其是通过在170℃下压制成膜,厚度为100μm。
(1)将面积为20cm2的聚丙烯薄膜基材置于臭氧反应器中,在O3浓度100mg/L、O3/O2混合气体流量12L/h的条件下处理30min,使基材表面产生过氧基团;
(2)取60mL DMF,分别加入17.5g(3.7×10-2mol)分子量为475的聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯和1.4g(4.2×10-3mol)甲基丙烯酸1H,1H,2H,2H-九氟己酯配成共溶液,将步骤(1)处理后的聚丙烯薄膜基材浸入到上述共溶液中,然后在90℃、氩气气氛条件下表面接枝反应24h,反应结束后,将基材表面用DMF浸泡清洗48h,然后在室温下真空干燥至恒重,制备得到溶剂响应性的共聚物刷表面。
图1为聚丙烯薄膜基材(a)与本实施例制备的溶剂响应性共聚物刷(b)表面的红外光谱对比图。由图1可以看出,与基材聚丙烯薄膜表面相比,溶剂响应性共聚物刷表面在1108cm-1处出现了聚(聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯)结构单元的C-O-C伸缩振动峰,在1240cm-1处出现了聚(甲基丙烯酸1H,1H,2H,2H-九氟己酯)结构单元的F-C-F伸缩振动峰,并且在1730cm-1处出现了上述二结构单元的C=O伸缩振动峰,表明聚丙烯基材表面存在聚(聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯-co-甲基丙烯酸1H,1H,2H,2H-九氟己酯)共聚物刷。
实施例2
本实施例中的聚合物薄膜采用聚乙烯薄膜,其是通过在150℃下压制成膜,厚度为100μm。
(1)将面积为20cm2的聚乙烯薄膜基材置于臭氧反应器中,在O3浓度100mg/L、O3/O2混合气体流量12L/h的条件下处理20min,使基材表面产生过氧基团;
(2)取60mL二甲苯,分别加入18.3g(3.7×10-2mol)分子量为500的聚乙二醇单油酸酯和3.8g(9.1×10-3mol)3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-十三氟辛基丙烯酸酯配成共溶液,将步骤(1)处理后的聚乙烯薄膜基材浸入到上述共溶液中,然后在60℃、氩气气氛条件下表面接枝反应48h,反应结束后,将基材表面用二甲苯浸泡清洗48h,然后在室温下真空干燥至恒重,制备得到溶剂响应性的共聚物刷表面。
实施例3
本实施例中的聚合物薄膜采用聚氯乙烯薄膜,其是通过在180℃下压制成膜,厚度为100μm。
(1)将面积为20cm2的聚氯乙烯薄膜基材置于臭氧反应器中,在O3浓度100mg/L、O3/O2混合气体流量12L/h的条件下处理40min,在基材表面产生过氧基团;
(2)取60mL DMF,分别加入11.0g(2.3×10-2mol)分子量为480的甲氧基聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯和0.3g(1.2×10-3mol)甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯配成共溶液,将步骤(1)处理后的聚氯乙烯薄膜基材浸入到上述共溶液中,然后在75℃、氩气气氛条件下表面接枝反应36h,反应结束后,将基材表面用DMF浸泡清洗48h,然后在室温下真空干燥至恒重,制备得到溶剂响应性的共聚物刷表面。
性能测试
无规共聚物刷表面的相关性能测试方法如下:
接触角测试:共聚物刷表面预先分别在溶剂水和石油醚中浸泡30min,取出后迅速以氮气吹干,然后在室温下测试水和油(十六烷)的接触角,液滴体积为2μL,测定5次取平均值。
表面自由能测算:将共聚物刷表面预先分别在溶剂水和石油醚中浸泡处理,然后在室温下测试其表面水和二碘甲烷的接触角,再利用OWRK方程计算出共聚物刷的表面自由能(γ)及其极性(γp)和色散(γd)的分量。
黏附力测试:样品共聚物刷表面的黏附力测试在BSA124S型微量天平上进行。室温下,将样品置于天平的秤盘上,然后将固定于金属O-型环上的水滴(4μL)向下移动至接触样品表面,再使水滴以0.01mm•s-1的速度缓慢向上移动直至被拉离样品表面。水滴被拉离过程中的力变化通过天平配置的软件持续记录下来,其中水滴离开样品表面瞬间最大的力定义为黏附力,测试5次取平均值。
自清洁性能评价:以十六烷为模型油污染物,采用简单的水清洗方法评价共聚物刷表面的自清洁性能。将用石油醚预先处理的样品表面污染计量的油滴,然后滴加少量水并予以轻微震荡,再将样品倾斜至油滴滑落后完成清洗。清洗结束后样品在室温下真空干燥、称重,表面残油量O R按下式(a)计算:
式中W 0为污染油滴的重量,W 1为未污染样品的重量,W 2为污染样品经清洗后的重量。对于每个样品,清洗实验按上述过程循环进行两次。
对实施例1~3制备的无规共聚物刷表面分别进行接触角测试、表面自由能测算和黏附力测试,结果分别见表1、表2和表3。
表1 无规共聚物刷表面经不同溶剂处理后的水接触角和油接触角
表2 无规共聚物刷表面经不同溶剂处理后的表面自由能(γ)及其极性(γ p)和色散(γ d)的分量
表3 无规共聚物刷表面经不同溶剂处理后的水黏附力
对实施例1制备的无规共聚物刷表面进行溶剂循环交替处理后的水接触角测试,结果见表4。
表4 实施例1制备的无规共聚物刷表面经不同溶剂交替循环处理后的水接触角变化
对实施例1~3制备的无规共聚物刷表面进行自清洁性能评价,结果见表5。
表5 无规共聚物刷表面经两个循环水清洗后的残油量
由表1可以看出,无规共聚物刷表面经不同溶剂分别处理后,表面的浸润性质发生了显著的变化。经溶剂水处理后,共聚物刷表面的水接触角(43.5~54.6°)和油接触角(21.9~31.4°)均较小,呈现出亲水亲油性质;而经溶剂石油醚处理后,其表面的水接触角(88.4~96.1°)和油接触角(40.4~50.3°)明显增大,呈现出疏水“疏油”性质。表2为无规共聚物刷的表面能结果,可见其表面经水处理后的表面能远大于经石油醚处理后的表面能,两者的差值可达21.4~26.4mJ•m-2。由表3的黏附力测试结果可见,共聚物刷表面经水和石油醚分别处理后,前者的水黏附力(189~205μN)显著高于后者的水黏附力(101~109μN)。表4给出了无规共聚物刷表面经不同溶剂交替处理后的水接触角结果,连续四次循环后,其表面呈现出稳定的亲水/疏水变化,这说明共聚物刷的溶剂响应性质是可逆的和可重复的。
以上结果表明,无规共聚物刷表面的浸润性、极性和黏附性均表现出良好的溶剂响应性质。这是因为共聚物刷的两侧链聚乙二醇(PEG)侧链和含氟烷基侧链具有极佳的旋转运动性,其在溶剂作用下会选择性的向表面迁移,发生结构重组。共聚物刷表面经溶剂水(PEG的良溶剂,含氟烷基的不良溶剂)处理后,其PEG侧链呈伸展状态并朝向表层而含氟烷基侧链收缩在内层,表面富集了大量PEG侧链,使其呈亲水亲油性且极性大、黏附性强;而表面经溶剂石油醚(含氟烷基的良溶剂,PEG的不良溶剂)处理后,两侧链发生翻转,含氟烷基侧链伸展在共聚物刷的表层、PEG侧链收缩在内层,表面富集了含氟烷基侧链,增大了其表面的疏水性和疏油性,降低了表面极性和黏附性。
表5为无规共聚物刷表面污染后经简单的水清洗结果,可见两个循环清洗后,其表面的残油量仅为0.5~0.9%,表现出良好的清洁性能。这是归因于该共聚物刷的溶剂响应性质,共聚物刷表面污染油后,表面富集的含氟烷基侧链会与油滴相接触,而此侧链与油的相互作用弱;而当表面接触水后,PEG侧链会向表面富集,其与水的相互作用强,从而会迫使含氟烷基侧链向内层迁移,含氟烷基/油界面会被PEG/水界面所取代,导致油滴从表面脱离。
以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种溶剂响应性无规共聚物刷表面的制备方法,其特征在于:首先在聚合物薄膜基材表面引入过氧基团,然后选用亲水性单体和疏水性单体,通过热引发两单体无规共聚表面接枝的方法,在基材表面制备得到兼含亲水性侧链和疏水性侧链的溶剂响应性共聚物刷;
其具体步骤如下:
(1)将聚合物薄膜基材置于臭氧反应器中,在O3浓度100mg/L、O3/O2混合气体流量12L/h的条件下处理20~40min,从而在基材表面产生过氧基团;
(2)将步骤(1)中表面产生过氧基团的聚合物薄膜基材浸入到含亲水单体和疏水单体的共溶液中,在60~90℃、避氧条件下表面接枝聚合24~48h,反应结束后,将基材表面用溶剂浸泡清洗48h,然后在室温下真空干燥至恒重,制备得到溶剂响应性的无规共聚物刷表面;
所述亲水性单体为聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯、甲氧基聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇单油酸酯中的任意一种;
所述疏水性单体为2-(三氟甲基)丙烯酸、2,2,3,3-四氟丙基甲基丙烯酸酯、2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯、甲基丙烯酸1H,1H,2H,2H-九氟己酯、1H,1H,7H-十二氟庚基甲基丙烯酸酯、3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-十三氟辛基丙烯酸酯、1H,1H-全氟辛基丙烯酸酯中的任意一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的溶剂响应性无规共聚物刷表面的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述聚合物薄膜基材为聚乙烯薄膜、聚丙烯薄膜、聚偏氟乙烯薄膜或聚氯乙烯薄膜中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的溶剂响应性无规共聚物刷表面的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述共溶液具体是将亲水性单体与疏水性单体按摩尔比(95:5)~(80:20)加入至DMF或二甲苯中,控制两单体的总质量浓度为15~30%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的溶剂响应性无规共聚物刷表面的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述溶剂为DMF或二甲苯。
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P(NIPAAm-PEGMA)接枝聚丙烯多孔膜表面的抗污染及自清洁性能;叶远松等;《高分子材料科学与工程》;20160930;第32卷(第9期);第172-177页 * |
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