CN110178074A - 光学层叠体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种在透过模式下的透光率高的调光器件。根据本发明的调光膜依序包括:第1基板,其具备第1透明电极层;调光层,其根据有无施加电压而改变透射光的散射状态;和第2基板,其具备第2透明电极层。该调光膜构成为根据透射光的散射状态而在非散射模式与散射模式之间切换。作为散射模式下的调光膜的雾度值与非散射模式下的调光膜的雾度值的比的雾度值比(散射模式下的雾度值/非散射模式下的雾度值)为8.0以上,并且该调光膜的非散射模式下的透光率为80%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光学层叠体。
背景技术
迄今,已经开发利用聚合物与液晶材料的复合体的光散射效果的调光器件。此种复合体具有其中液晶材料在聚合物基质内相分离或分散的结构,因此允许通过对聚合物与液晶材料的折射率进行匹配,和对该复合体施加电压以改变液晶材料的取向,控制使光透过的透过(非散射)模式和使光散射的散射模式。此种调光器件经常通过导入至主要由窗玻璃为代表的玻璃中来使用,因此要求特别是在透过模式下的透光率高。
引用列表
专利文献
[PTL 1]JP 02-208627 A
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
已经完成本发明以便解决上述现有技术的问题,并且本发明的目的在于提供一种在透过模式下的透光率高的调光器件。
用于解决问题的方案
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种调光膜,其依序包括:第1基板,其包括第1透明电极层;调光层,其构成为基于有无施加电压而改变透射光的散射状态;和第2基板,其包括第2透明电极层;所述调光膜构成为基于所述透射光的散射状态而在非散射模式与散射模式之间可切换,其中散射模式下的所述调光膜的雾度值与非散射模式下的所述调光膜的雾度值的比(散射模式下的雾度值/非散射模式下的雾度值)为8.0以上,并且其中所述调光膜的非散射模式下的透光率为80%以上。
在一个实施方案中,在该调光膜中,所述第1基板包括第1基材和所述第1透明电极层,所述第2基板包括第2基材和所述第2透明电极层,所述第1透明电极层与所述第2透明电极层以彼此相对的方式配置,并且所述调光层以与所述第1基板和所述第2基板接触的方式配置。
在一个实施方案中,所述第1基板和/或第2基板的透过率为85%以上。
在一个实施方案中,所述第1透明电极层和/或所述第2透明电极层包含铟锡氧化物。
在一个实施方案中,所述第1基材和/或第2基材由聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯形成。
在一个实施方案中,所述调光层包括高分子分散型液晶层。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种调光玻璃。该调光玻璃包括该调光膜。
发明的效果
根据本发明,可提供一种在透过模式下的透光率高的调光器件。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的一个实施方案的调光膜的示意性截面图。
具体实施方式
本发明的实施方案参考附图在以下描述。然而,本发明不限于这些实施方案。
A.调光膜的整体构造
图1为根据本发明的一个实施方案的调光膜的示意性截面图。调光膜100依序包括第1基板10、调光层30和第2基板20。第1基板10包括第1透明电极层12。在一个实施方案中,第1基板10进而包括第1基材11。第2基板20包括第2透明电极层22。在一个实施方案中,第2基板20进而包括第2基材21。第1透明电极层12与第2透明电极层22可以以夹持调光层30的方式配置为彼此相对。另外,在一个实施方案中,调光层30以与第1基板10和第2基板20接触的方式配置。调光膜可进而包括其他层(未示出)。其他层的实例包括:硬涂层、压敏粘合剂层、和保护层。这些层可配置于基板的任一者或两者的外侧(未配置透明电极层的一侧)。
本文中,第1基材和第2基材有时统称为基材,并且第1透明电极层和第2透明电极层有时统称为透明电极层。另外,第1基板和第2基板有时统称为基板。
调光层为构成为基于有无施加电压而改变透射光的散射状态的层。借助包括调光层,本发明的调光膜在其中光的散射得到抑制的非散射模式与其中光散射的散射模式之间可切换。在本发明中,非散射模式下的透过率高的调光膜可以通过将基板的透光率、包括于基板中的基材的构成、和透明电极层的构成优化来获得。另外,可获得非散射模式下的雾度低的调光膜。在一个实施方案中,本发明的调光膜用于调光玻璃。该调光玻璃为玻璃与调光膜的层叠体,并且例如可用作窗玻璃。该调光玻璃通过使调光膜进入散射模式而展现遮蔽视野的掩蔽功能,此外,非散射模式下的透明性优异。
本发明的调光膜的非散射模式下的透光率较佳为80%以上,更佳为85%以上,进而较佳为90%以上。该透光率较佳为尽可能高,但其上限例如为99%。本申请中使用的术语“透光率”是指全光线透过率,其数值依据JIS K 7105而测定。
本发明的调光膜的散射模式下的透光率例如为70%以上,较佳为80%以上,更佳为85%以上。该透光率的上限例如进而较佳为95%。
本发明的调光膜的非散射模式下的雾度值较佳为10%以下,更佳为8%以下,进而较佳为6%以下。当雾度值落在此种范围内时,在其中本发明的调光膜用作掩蔽膜等的用途中,在无需遮蔽视野的情况下,可实现良好的可视性。非散射模式下的雾度值的下限例如为0.5%。
本发明的调光膜的散射模式下的雾度值较佳为80%以上,更佳为85%以上,进而较佳为90%以上。当雾度值落在此种范围内时,可获得具有适于用作掩蔽膜等的光散射性的调光膜。在一个实施方案中,调光膜的散射模式下的雾度值为80%~94%。
在本发明的调光膜中,散射模式下的雾度值与非散射模式下的雾度值的比(散射模式/非散射模式)为8.0以上,较佳为10.0以上,更佳为15.0以上。当该比落在此种范围内时,可获得非散射模式下的良好的可视性与散射模式下的低的可视性之间的平衡优异的调光膜。
B.基板(第1基板和第2基板)
如上所述,各基板包括透明电极层,较佳为进而包括基材。在一个实施方案中,配向膜(alignment film)配置在透明电极层的调光层侧(与基材相反侧)。当如后所述,反向模式的高分子分散型液晶层形成为调光层时,较佳地使用配向膜。配向膜例如可通过如下来形成:利用人造丝等的布料,使聚酰亚胺或聚乙烯醇等的涂布膜经历摩擦处理。
各基板的透光率较佳为85%以上,更佳为87%以上,进而较佳为90%以上。在本发明中,当使用各自具有在此种范围内的透光率的基板时,调光膜的非散射模式下的透光率高。该透光率较佳为尽可能高,但其上限例如为99%。
B-1.基材(第1基材和第2基材)
各基材的厚度较佳为20μm以上,更佳为50μm以上,进而较佳为70μm以上。各基材的厚度的上限例如为400μm,较佳为180μm。
各基材的透光率较佳为85%以上,更佳为87%以上,进而较佳为90%以上。该透光率较佳为尽可能高,但其上限例如为99%。
基材可各自为实质上具有光学各向同性的基材。本文中使用的短语“实质上具有光学各向同性”意指面内相位差Re为20nm以下(较佳为10nm以下)。面内相位差Re为在23℃下利用波长590nm的光而测得的面内相位差值。面内相位差Re由Re=(nx-ny)×d所表示。在该等式中,nx表示其中在基材的面内的折射率成为最大的方向(即,慢轴方向)的折射率,ny表示面内的垂直于慢轴的方向(即,快轴方向)的折射率,并且d表示基材的厚度(nm)。
基材可各自由任意适当的材料形成,只要获得本发明的效果即可。基材可各自为树脂基材或玻璃基材。基材各自较佳为树脂基材。作为树脂基材的形成材料,例如,可较佳地使用聚酯系树脂、(甲基)丙烯酸系树脂、烯烃系树脂、环状烯烃系树脂、聚碳酸酯系树脂、聚氨酯系树脂、纤维素系树脂、或苯乙烯系树脂。聚酯系树脂的具体实例包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)、含有间苯二甲酸的共聚PET、含有具有环己烷环的脂环族二羧酸或脂环族二醇的共聚PET(PET-G)、其他聚酯、和其共聚物或共混物等。其中,从透明性的观点,较佳地使用PET或环状烯烃系树脂,并且更佳地使用PET。这些材料可单独使用或以其组合使用。
各基材可在其至少一个主表面上具有功能层,并且较佳为在其上具有功能层。作为功能层的材料,给出树脂、无机材料、和其混合物。功能层较佳为含有树脂。当功能层含有树脂时,基材的表面粗糙度可下降,并且透明电极层(后述)的粗糙度可下降。功能层的实例包括易粘接层、底涂层、硬涂层、和低聚物阻隔层。易粘接层是为了提高基材与透明电极层(后述)之间的密合性而配置的层。底涂层是为了调节具有透明电极层的基材的反射率和光学色相而配置的层。硬涂层是为了提高具有透明电极层的基材的耐擦伤性而配置的层。低聚物阻隔层是用以抑制从基材析出的低聚物的层。这些功能层可单独使用或以其组合使用。
B-2.透明电极层(第1透明电极层和第2透明电极层)
透明电极层可各自使用例如铟锡氧化物(ITO)、氧化锌(ZnO)、或氧化锡(SnO2)等金属氧化物而形成。较佳为形成包含ITO的透明电极层。包含ITO的透明电极层的透明性优异。透明电极层可各自根据目的图案化成所需的形状。
各透明电极层的透光率较佳为85%以上,更佳为87%以上,进而较佳为90%以上。在本发明中,当使用各自具有在此种范围内的透光率的透明电极层时,调光膜的非散射模式下的透光率高。该透光率较佳为尽可能高,但其上限例如为99%。
各透明电极层较佳为含有晶粒。当透明电极层含有晶粒时,可提高基板的透光率。晶粒的形成方法没有限制,但例如,晶粒可通过在空气中加热而适合地形成。透明电极层中的晶粒的面积占有率例如为30%以上,较佳为50%以上,更佳为80%以上。该面积占有率的上限例如为100%。当晶粒的面积占有率落在上述范围内时,可提高透光率。晶粒的面积占有率可通过利用透射式电子显微镜(TEM)观察透明电极层的表面由晶粒区域与非晶区域之间的面积比而算出。
各透明电极层的表面粗糙度Ra例如为0.1nm以上。当各透明电极层的表面粗糙度Ra小于0.1nm时,存在与基材的密合性会变差的风险。各透明电极层的表面粗糙度Ra的上限较佳为小于1.2nm,更佳为1.0nm以下,进而较佳为小于1.0nm,尤佳为0.8nm以下。当各透明电极层的表面粗糙度Ra过大时,存在会变得难以适合地形成晶粒的风险。本文中使用的术语“表面粗糙度Ra”意指用原子力显微镜(AFM)测得的算术平均粗糙度Ra。
各透明电极层的厚度例如为10nm以上,较佳为15nm以上。当各透明电极层的厚度小于10nm,即小于上述下限时,存在晶粒的面积占有率会降低的风险。各透明电极层的厚度的上限例如为50nm以下,较佳为35nm以下,更佳为小于30nm,进而较佳为27nm以下。当各透明电极层的厚度大于50nm时,存在透过率会变差的风险,且还存在透明电极层的表面粗糙度会增加的风险。
C.调光层
调光层是构成为基于有无施加电压而改变光的散射状态的层。调光层的实例包括:构成为基于有无施加电压而改变分子的取向状态的液晶层;和构成为基于有无施加电压而改变光的吸收状态的电致变色层。
在一个实施方案中,高分子分散型液晶层形成为液晶层。高分子分散型液晶层通过将液晶化合物分散于树脂基质中而形成。在高分子分散型液晶层中,非散射模式与散射模式可通过基于有无施加电压而改变液晶化合物的取向程度来切换。在一个实施方案中,在施加电压的状态下展现非散射模式,并且在未施加电压的状态下展现散射模式(普通模式)。在该实施方案中,在未施加电压时,液晶化合物未取向,导致散射模式,并且在施加电压时,液晶化合物取向,导致非散射模式。在另一实施方案中,在施加电压的状态下展现散射模式,并且在未施加电压的状态下展现非散射模式(反向模式)。在该实施方案中,在未施加电压时,液晶化合物取向,并且取向状态的液晶化合物显示与树脂基质大致相同的折射率,导致非散射模式。另一方面,电压的施加使得液晶化合物的取向混乱,导致散射模式。
非聚合型的任意适当的液晶化合物用作液晶化合物。其实例包括向列型、近晶型、和胆甾醇型液晶化合物。较佳为使用向列型液晶化合物,因为在非散射模式下可实现优异的透明性。向列型液晶化合物的实例包括:联苯系化合物、苯甲酸苯酯系化合物、环己基苯系化合物、氧化偶氮苯系化合物、偶氮苯系化合物、甲亚胺(azomethine)系化合物、三联苯系化合物、苯甲酸联苯酯系化合物、环己基联苯系化合物、苯基吡啶系化合物、环己基嘧啶系化合物、和胆固醇系化合物。
调光层(高分子分散型液晶层)中的液晶化合物的含量例如为80重量%以上,较佳为90重量%~99重量%,更佳为92重量%~98重量%。
形成调光层(高分子分散型液晶层)的树脂基质的树脂可根据透光率和液晶化合物的折射率等适当地选择。该树脂典型地为活性能量射线固化型树脂,并且可较佳地使用液晶聚合物、(甲基)丙烯酸系树脂、有机硅系树脂、环氧系树脂、氟系树脂、聚酯系树脂、和聚酰亚胺树脂。
调光层(高分子分散型液晶层)中的树脂基质的含量为20重量%以下,较佳为1重量%~10重量%,更佳为2重量%~8重量%。当树脂基质的含量小于1重量%时,会产生例如与各基板的密合性下降的问题。同时,当树脂基质的含量大于20重量%时,会产生例如驱动电压增加或调光功能降低的问题。
高分子分散型液晶层可通过任意适当的方法而形成。高分子分散型液晶层例如可通过如下而获得:将调光层(高分子分散型液晶层)形成用组合物涂布至基板之一的透明电极层侧从而形成涂布层;将另一基板以透明电极层彼此相对的方式层叠于该涂布层上从而形成层叠体;并使涂布层固化。在该情况下,调光层形成用组合物例如包含用于形成树脂基质的单体(较佳为活性能量射线固化型单体)和液晶化合物。
实施例
本发明通过实施例的方式在以下具体地描述,但本发明不限于这些实施例。另外,实施例中,"份"和"%"基于重量,除非另有说明。关于厚度的测定,底涂层和ITO层的厚度通过用透射式电子显微镜(Hitachi,Ltd.制造,HF-2000)的截面观察而测定。另外,基材的厚度使用厚度计(来自Peacock的Digital Dial Gauge DG-205)而测定。
[实施例1]
将由以重量比2:2:1包含三聚氰胺树脂、醇酸树脂、有机硅烷缩合物的热固性树脂形成的底涂层(厚度:35nm)形成于第1PET膜(厚度:23μm)的第1主表面上,从而提供具有底涂层的第1PET基材。然后,将ITO层形成于底涂层上。继而,将具有压敏粘合层(厚度:23μm)的第2PET基材(厚度:50μm)贴合于第1PET膜的第2主表面(与其上形成了底涂层和ITO层的一侧相对的一面)从而形成层叠体,并且该层叠体经历热处理(在热风烘箱中于140℃下加热30分钟)。将由此获得的各层叠体用作第1基板(透过率:90.2%)和第2基板(透过率:90.2%)。
将第1基板和第2基板以ITO层彼此相对的方式经由包含向列型液晶分子和树脂的调光层(高分子分散型液晶层)形成用组合物彼此贴合,然后使高分子分散型液晶层形成用组合物固化。因而,获得调光膜。
[比较例1]
除了厚度为190μm的PET膜用作第1PET膜;ITO层的厚度改变为65nm;并且不进行热处理以外,以与实施例1相同的方式来获得调光膜。第1基板和第2基板各自的透过率为79.0%。
<评价>
实施例和比较例中获得的调光膜进行以下评价。结果在表1中示出。
(1)透过率
将电压(100V)施加至实施例和比较例中所获得的各调光膜,并且施加电压时的透光率和雾度值(非散射模式下的透光率和雾度值)以及未施加电压时的透光率和雾度值(散射模式下的透光率和雾度值)使用由Hitachi High-Tech Science Corporation制造的"U4100"(产品名)来测定。结果在表1中示出。
(2)表面粗糙度Ra
将ITO层的表面使用扫描式探针显微镜(Seiko Instruments Inc.制造,装置名"Scanning Probe Microscope SPI3800")在接触模式、由Si3N4制成的探针(弹簧常数0.09N/m)、扫描尺寸1μm□的条件下进行测定。
(3)ITO层中的晶粒的面积占有率
将ITO层使用透射式电子显微镜(Hitachi,Ltd.制造,"H-7650")进行平面观察,从而提供放大率为100,000×的平面图像。接下来,测定晶粒(结晶化的部位)的面积与ITO层的总面积的比率。
表1
附图标记说明
10 第1基板
20 第2基板
30 调光层
100 调光膜
Claims (7)
1.一种调光膜,其依序包括:
第1基板,其包括第1透明电极层;
调光层,其构成为基于有无施加电压而改变透射光的散射状态;和
第2基板,其包括第2透明电极层;
所述调光膜构成为基于所述透射光的散射状态而在非散射模式与散射模式之间可切换,
其中散射模式下的所述调光膜的雾度值与非散射模式下的所述调光膜的雾度值的比(散射模式下的雾度值/非散射模式下的雾度值)为8.0以上,并且
其中所述调光膜的非散射模式下的透光率为80%以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的调光膜,
其中所述第1基板包括第1基材和所述第1透明电极层,
其中所述第2基板包括第2基材和所述第2透明电极层,
其中所述第1透明电极层与所述第2透明电极层以彼此相对的方式配置,并且
其中所述调光层以与所述第1基板和所述第2基板接触的方式配置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的调光膜,其中所述第1基板和/或第2基板的透过率为85%以上。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的调光膜,其中所述第1透明电极层和/或所述第2透明电极层包含铟锡氧化物。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的调光膜,其中所述第1基材和/或第2基材由聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯形成。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的调光膜,其中所述调光层包括高分子分散型液晶层。
7.一种调光玻璃,其包括根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的调光膜。
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- 2018-01-11 CN CN201880006670.0A patent/CN110178074A/zh active Pending
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CN113473763A (zh) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-01 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 壳体及制备方法、电子设备 |
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JP2018116273A (ja) | 2018-07-26 |
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