CN110156755A - 四吡啶苯基吡嗪及其制备方法、应用 - Google Patents
四吡啶苯基吡嗪及其制备方法、应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110156755A CN110156755A CN201910456876.XA CN201910456876A CN110156755A CN 110156755 A CN110156755 A CN 110156755A CN 201910456876 A CN201910456876 A CN 201910456876A CN 110156755 A CN110156755 A CN 110156755A
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- -1 pyridine phenyl pyrazines Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- GYJBLGCTJJHWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)pyrazine Chemical class Brc1ccc(cc1)-c1nc(-c2ccc(Br)cc2)c(nc1-c1ccc(Br)cc1)-c1ccc(Br)cc1 GYJBLGCTJJHWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pd(PPh3)4 Substances [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
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- QLULGIRFKAWHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-4-ylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=NC=C1 QLULGIRFKAWHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- WHQSYGRFZMUQGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylformamide;hydrate Chemical compound O.CN(C)C=O WHQSYGRFZMUQGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BSCHIACBONPEOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1CCOC1 BSCHIACBONPEOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- CMQCNTNASCDNGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene;hydrate Chemical group O.CC1=CC=CC=C1 CMQCNTNASCDNGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- RNHDAKUGFHSZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1COCCO1 RNHDAKUGFHSZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002451 electron ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008060 phenylpyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- JLZUZNKTTIRERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylethylene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLZUZNKTTIRERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXFBZOLANLWPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-Epiaffinine Natural products C1C(C2=CC=CC=C2N2)=C2C(=O)CC2C(=CC)CN(C)C1C2CO PXFBZOLANLWPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNJZJDLDXQQJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyrazine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CN=CC=N1 LNJZJDLDXQQJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVFOHMXILQEIHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[(6-bromo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)sulfanyl]-9-[2-(2-bromophenyl)ethyl]purin-6-amine Chemical compound C=1C=2OCOC=2C=C(Br)C=1SC1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1CCC1=CC=CC=C1Br PVFOHMXILQEIHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021078 Pd—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CLWRFNUKIFTVHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].C1=CC=NC=C1 Chemical group [N].C1=CC=NC=C1 CLWRFNUKIFTVHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical class ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NXJCBFBQEVOTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);dihydroxide Chemical compound O[Pd]O NXJCBFBQEVOTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003216 pyrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006478 transmetalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/006—Palladium compounds
- C07F15/0066—Palladium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
- G01N21/643—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" non-biological material
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
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- C09K2211/185—Metal complexes of the platinum group, i.e. Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh or Pd
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Abstract
本发明涉及有机聚合物发光材料技术领域,为解决传统聚集诱导发光配体制备过程繁琐,分离困难的问题,提供了一种四吡啶苯基吡嗪,其结构如结构式(I)所示:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机聚合物发光材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种四吡啶苯基及其制备方法、应用。
背景技术
聚集诱导发光(Aggregation-induction-induced emission or AIE)是香港科技大学唐本忠院士在2001年发现并定义的一个光物理领域的新概念,与传统ACQ荧光分子发光效应相反,这是一类在溶液状态不发光或只微弱发光,而在聚集状态下发光显著增强的具有螺旋浆结构的共轭分子。AIE分子的应用前景化不容小觑,比如基于AIE分子设计的关开(turn-on)和开关(turn-off)化学和生物荧光探针等。其中值得一提的是,用AIE分子制成的有机纳米粒子(又称为AIE点)和无机量子点相比具有毒性小、抗光漂白能力强和对比度高等特点,因此可广泛应用于生物成像。
四苯基乙烯和多苯基吡咯及其衍生物是具有聚集诱导发光性能的有机小分子,基于这两类AIE荧光分子的合成和传感应用研究已有较多报道。开发研究结构新颖、且具有良好热、光及化学稳定性的AIE有机分子是目前的研究热点,四苯基吡嗪类化合物就是一类结构稳定、且具有较强聚集诱导发光性能的有机小分子。
虽然,目前被报道的AIE分子种类繁多,但它们大多数是基于多苯基吡咯和四苯基乙烯的衍生物。尽管如此,这些衍生物存在着一些不容忽视的问题:例如,多苯基吡咯的制备过程繁琐,分离困难且对碱不稳定;四苯基乙烯内部含有碳碳双键,这将影响了分子作为材料使用的稳定性。
中国专利文献上公开了“基于四苯基吡嗪的腈基乙烯基功能化的AIE分子的制备和应用”,申请公布号为CN109280033A,该发明公开了一种基于四苯基吡嗪的腈基乙烯基功能化的AIE分子,可用作检测硫化氢的比例型荧光探针,并且具有高的灵敏度和好的选择性。但是,腈基乙烯基团修饰的四苯基吡嗪分子仅适用于亲和物种的荧光探测,应用范围较小。本发明合成的四吡啶苯基吡嗪具有更大的共轭体系,可通过给、受体分子内电荷转移效应对分子的发光波长进行调节。吡啶环上的氮原子可用作检测Cu2+、Ni2+等离子的荧光探针,同时可利用吡啶氮原子与金属离子的配位作用,构建具有AIE发光性能的多孔金属有机骨架(MOF)材料,应用于气体、挥发性有机溶剂和金属离子等的荧光传感。
发明内容
本发明为了克服传统聚集诱导发光配体稳定性差的问题,提供了一种结构稳定、具有较强聚集诱导发光性能的四吡啶苯基吡嗪。
本发明为了克服传统聚集诱导发光配体制备过程繁琐,分离困难的问题,还提供了一种四吡啶苯基吡嗪聚集诱导发光配体的制备方法,该方法制备步骤简单、原料廉价易得、产物易于提纯、产率高。
本发明还提供了四吡啶苯基吡嗪作为聚集诱导发光配体在气体分子的荧光传感和金属离子检测领域中的应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
四吡啶苯基吡嗪,其结构如结构式(I)所示:
本发明提供了一种如结构式(I)所示的四吡啶苯基吡嗪化合物,该化合物溶解于良溶剂后,再加入不良溶剂,形成聚集体后荧光强度明显增强,表明该化合物结构稳定、具有较强聚集诱导发光性能。当加入的水的量是40%的时候其具有最强发光。
四吡啶苯基吡嗪的制备方法,以结构式(II)所示的2,3,5,6-四(4-溴苯基)吡嗪(TPP-4Br)和4-吡啶硼酸为原料,与钯催化剂、有机溶剂和碱液,在反应介质中,于100~110℃反应18~24h后,冷却至室温后,分离、纯化,得到结构式(I)所示的四吡啶苯基吡嗪;结构式(II)如下所示:
本发明四吡啶苯基吡嗪的制备方法,制备过程简单且反应条件温和,原料廉价易得、产物易于提纯、产率高,适合大规模制备。本发明基于四苯基吡嗪(TPP)原型分子吸电子的特性,将四苯基吡嗪作为中心母环,用吡啶基团修饰而合成吡嗪衍生物-四吡啶苯基吡嗪。TPP-4Br与Pd(0)发生氧化-加成反应,与碱作用生成强亲电性的有机钯中间体,同时芳基硼酸与碱作用生成酸根型配合物四价硼酸盐中间体,其具有亲核性。然后四价硼酸盐中间体与强亲电性的有机钯中间体作用发生金属转移反应生成Pd(II)的配合物,最后进行还原-消除而生成产物和Pd(0)。卤代芳烃与氧化加成后,与等当量的碱生成有机钯氢氧化物中间产物,取代了键极性相对弱的Pd-Br键,这种含强极性键Pd-O的中间物种具有较强的亲电性。另一当量的碱与芳基硼酸生成四价硼酸盐中间产物,具有较强的富电性,有利于阴离子向Ar'-Pd-OH的金属中心迁移。由这两方面协同作用形成的有机钯配合物Ar-Pd-Ar',经还原消除生成芳基偶联产物。四苯基吡嗪(TPP)分子的螺旋浆结构使其在溶液态通过分子内转子旋转耗散激发态的能量,使得发光微弱,而在聚集态,这一构型有效阻止了分子间激基缔合物的构成,同时,分子间C-H···π氢键的存在刚化了分子的构型,促使了其辐射跃迁的发生,从而发光增强。此外,也由于不含不稳定的碳碳双键及硅碳键,本发明的四吡啶苯基吡嗪具有良好的热、光及化学稳定性。
作为优选,所述结构式(II)所示的2,3,5,6-四(4-溴苯基)吡嗪(TPP-4Br)的制备方法为:
(1)室温下,在维生素B1(VB1)的乙醇/水混合溶液中加入对溴苯甲醛,于65~70℃下回流18~24h,冷却至室温后,分离、纯化,得到结构式(III)所示的1,2-二溴苯基-2-羟基乙酮;结构式(III)如下所示:
(2)结构式(III)所示的1,2-二溴苯基-2-羟基乙酮为原料,与乙酸铵、乙酸酐和乙酸,在反应介质中,于120~130℃反应3~5h后,冷却至30~35℃,趁热过滤混合物,并用热乙酸冲洗至滤渣为亮黄色产物,得到如结构式(II)所示的2,3,5,6-四(4-溴苯基)吡嗪(TPP-4Br)。
优选的,本发明的四吡啶苯基吡嗪按照以下反应路线合成:
作为优选,以结构式(II)所示的2,3,5,6-四(4-溴苯基)吡嗪(TPP-4Br)的物质的量为基准,所述4-吡啶硼酸、钯催化剂的添加量为24.9eq,0.6eq。
本发明合成体系中,各原料及催化剂的加入量非常关键,直接影响最终产物的产率。其中,钯催化剂的加入量最为重要。
作为优选,所述钯催化剂选自Pd(PPh3)4,Pd(OAc)2,PdCl2,Pd(OAc)2(PPh3)2中的一种。
作为优选,所述有机溶剂选自甲苯-水,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺-水,四氢呋喃-水,二氧六环-水中的一种。
作为优选,所述碱液为浓度为0.08~0.09g/mL的碳酸钾水溶液。选用碳酸钾水溶液的筛选依据为:在Suzuki偶联反应中,水能够促使催化反应的进行,以水为有机反应介质越发引人瞩目。但是以纯水做溶剂,仅限与可溶于水的少部分有机物,若反应体系中有不溶于水的物质,一般选择水-有机溶剂体系。该反应我们选择甲苯-水体系,水可以强烈的促进Suzuki偶联反应的进行,原因在于水和碱的共同作用会形成活性中间体[ArB(OH)3]-,水对活化芳基硼酸很关键,而且可以增加苯硼酸和碱的溶剂性。在此实验中使用碳酸钾水溶液是因为通过筛选得知此条件下产率相比其他碱要高。
作为优选,分离工艺为:将冷却到室温的反应产物过滤去除钯催化剂后,溶解在二氯甲烷(DCM)中,用水萃取,合并下层溶液并用无水硫酸钠干燥,得粗产物。
作为优选,纯化工艺为:将粗产物通过柱层析纯化,柱层析纯化过程中流动相中甲醇:乙酸乙酯的体积比控制在1:(6~10)。在该体积比范围下,粗产物的纯化效果最佳,所得最终四吡啶苯基吡嗪产品的产率较高。
因此,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)提供了一种四吡啶苯基吡嗪化合物,该化合物结构稳定、具有较强聚集诱导发光性能;
(2)制备过程简单且反应条件温和,原料廉价易得、产物易于提纯、产率高,适合大规模工业化生产;
(3)本发明的四吡啶苯基吡嗪,可作为聚集诱导发光配体,在气体分子的荧光传感和金属离子检测领域中广泛应用。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中产物III的1H NMR谱图。
图2是实施例1中产物II的1H NMR谱图。
图3是实施例1中产物I的1H NMR谱图。
图4是实施例1中产物I的EIMS谱图。
图5是实施例1中产物I的UV谱图。
图6是实施例1中产物I的固体荧光谱图。
图7是实施例1中产物I的配体AIE荧光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例,并结合附图,对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。
在本发明中,若非特指,所有设备和原料均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的,下述实施例中的方法,如无特别说明,均为本领域常规方法。
本发明实施例按照以下反应路线合成:
实施例1
(1)产物III的合成:
将2.5g VB1(2.5g,7.4mmol)溶于2.5mL H2O与50mL乙醇的混合溶剂中,将此混合溶液在冰盐浴下降温至0℃以下,同时加入0℃条件10%NaOH溶液,调节PH至9~10,此时VB1刚好完全溶解,溶液呈现淡黄色。待溶液恢复至室温后加入对溴苯甲醛(10g,54mmol),65℃下回流18h,TLC跟踪;反应完全后,冷却到室温,过滤,并用乙醇洗涤滤渣数次并合并滤液,旋蒸除去溶剂。将得到的固体溶解在DCM中,用水萃取多次,合并下层溶液并用无水硫酸钠干燥;将粗产物通过柱层析(乙酸乙酯:石油醚1:20)纯化,得到白色产物III,其1H NMR谱图如图1所示:MP:95℃;1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.75,7.73,7.56,7.55,7.47,7.45,7.19,7.18,5.86;
(2)产物II的合成:
在100mL的圆底烧瓶中分别加入产物III(5g,13.5mmol)、乙酸铵(3.12g,40.5mmol)、2mlL乙酸酐和11ml乙酸,130℃下回流3h,TLC跟踪;反应完全后,冷却到约35℃,趁热过滤混合物,并用热乙酸冲洗至滤渣为亮黄色产物II,其1H NMR谱图如图2所示:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.49(s);
(3)产物I的合成:
N2保护下在一个250mL的三颈烧瓶中分别加入产物II(0.814g,1.163mmol)、4-吡啶硼酸(2.130g,17.328mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.800g,0.693mmol),再加入80mL甲苯和浓度为0.085g/mL的碳酸钾水溶液10mL,110℃下反应18h,TLC跟踪;反应完全后,冷却到室温,过滤除去催化剂,将得到的固体溶解在DCM中,用水萃取多次,合并下层溶液并用无水硫酸钠干燥;将粗产物通过柱层析(甲醇:乙酸乙酯1:6-1:10)纯化,得到白色产物I,产率为87%;其1H NMR谱图如图3所示:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ8.67,8.67,8.67,8.66,7.85,7.84,7.83,7.83,7.68,7.67,7.66,7.66,7.55,7.55,7.54,7.54;
产物I的EIMS谱图如图4所示:EIMS(m/z):693.273(M++1),692.26(M+);
产物I的UV谱图如图5所示:最大吸收波长为345nm;
产物I的固体荧光谱图如图6所示;
产物I的配体AIE荧光谱图如图7所示,水含量为40%时具有最大吸收。
实施例2
(1)产物III的合成:
将2.5g VB1(2.5g,7.4mmol)溶于2.5mL H2O与50mL乙醇的混合溶剂中,将此混合溶液在冰盐浴下降温至0℃以下,同时加入0℃条件10%NaOH溶液,调节PH至9~10,此时VB1刚好完全溶解,溶液呈现淡黄色。待溶液恢复至室温后加入对溴苯甲醛(10g,54mmol),70℃下回流18h,TLC跟踪;反应完全后,冷却到室温,过滤,并用乙醇洗涤滤渣数次并合并滤液,旋蒸除去溶剂。将得到的固体溶解在DCM中,用水萃取多次,合并下层溶液并用无水硫酸钠干燥;将粗产物通过柱层析(乙酸乙酯:石油醚1:20)纯化,得到白色产物III;
(2)产物II的合成:
在100mL的圆底烧瓶中分别加入产物III(5g,13.5mmol)、乙酸铵(3.12g,40.5mmol)、2mlL乙酸酐和11ml乙酸,120℃下回流5h,TLC跟踪;反应完全后,冷却到约35℃,趁热过滤混合物,并用热乙酸冲洗至滤渣为亮黄色产物II,其1H NMR谱图如图2所示:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.49(s);
(3)产物I的合成:
N2保护下在一个250mL的三颈烧瓶中分别加入产物II(0.814g,1.163mmol)、4-吡啶硼酸(2.130g,17.328mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.800g,0.693mmol),再加入80mL甲苯和浓度为0.085g/mL的碳酸钾水溶液10mL,100℃下反应24h,TLC跟踪;反应完全后,冷却到室温,过滤除去催化剂,将得到的固体溶解在DCM中,用水萃取多次,合并下层溶液并用无水硫酸钠干燥;将粗产物通过柱层析(甲醇:乙酸乙酯1:6)纯化,得到白色产物I,产率为70%。
实施例3
(1)产物III的合成:
将2.5g VB1(2.5g,7.4mmol)溶于2.5mL H2O与50mL乙醇的混合溶剂中,将此混合溶液在冰盐浴下降温至0℃以下,同时加入0℃条件10%NaOH溶液,调节PH至9~10,此时VB1刚好完全溶解,溶液呈现淡黄色。待溶液恢复至室温后加入对溴苯甲醛(10g,54mmol),68℃下回流24h,TLC跟踪;反应完全后,冷却到室温,过滤,并用乙醇洗涤滤渣数次并合并滤液,旋蒸除去溶剂。将得到的固体溶解在DCM中,用水萃取多次,合并下层溶液并用无水硫酸钠干燥;将粗产物通过柱层析(乙酸乙酯:石油醚1:20)纯化,得到白色产物III;
(2)产物II的合成:
在100mL的圆底烧瓶中分别加入产物III(5g,13.5mmol)、乙酸铵(3.12g,40.5mmol)、2ml乙酸酐和11ml乙酸,125℃下回流4h,TLC跟踪;反应完全后,冷却到约35℃,趁热过滤混合物,并用热乙酸冲洗至滤渣为亮黄色产物II,其1H NMR谱图如图2所示:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.49(s);
(3)产物I的合成:
N2保护下在一个250mL的三颈烧瓶中分别加入产物II(0.814g,1.163mmol)、4-吡啶硼酸(2.130g,17.328mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.800g,0.693mmol),再加入80mL甲苯和浓度为0.085g/mL的碳酸钾水溶液10mL,105℃下反应20h,TLC跟踪;反应完全后,冷却到室温,过滤除去催化剂,将得到的固体溶解在DCM中,用水萃取多次,合并下层溶液并用无水硫酸钠干燥;将粗产物通过柱层析(甲醇:乙酸乙酯1:6)纯化,得到白色产物I,产率为75%。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的区别在于,步骤(3)中,反应温度为95℃,其余步骤与工艺条件完全相同。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于,步骤(3)中,反应温度为115℃,其余步骤与工艺条件完全相同。
实施例1-3和对比例1、2中产物I的产率如表1所示:
表1.检测结果
性能指标 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
产率 | 87% | 70% | 75% | 70% | 72% |
由表1可以看出,本发明的合成工艺得到的四吡啶苯基吡嗪产率较高,反应温度对其产率有影响,这是因为溴代物的Suzuki偶联反应反应温度较高,110℃时溶剂能够很好的回流使得反应充分,通过不断筛选温度得知此温度下反应后生成较少的副产物,我们可以得到更高的产率。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
Claims (10)
1.四吡啶苯基吡嗪,其特征在于,其结构如结构式(I)所示:
2.如权利要求1所述的四吡啶苯基吡嗪的制备方法,其特征在于,以结构式(II)所示的2,3,5,6-四(4-溴苯基)吡嗪和4-吡啶硼酸为原料,与钯催化剂、有机溶剂和碱液,在反应介质中,于100~110℃反应18~24h后,冷却至室温后,分离、纯化,得到结构式(I)所示的四吡啶苯基吡嗪;结构式(II)如下所示:
3.根据权利要求2所述的四吡啶苯基吡嗪的制备方法,其特征在于,所述结构式(II)所示的2,3,5,6-四(4-溴苯基)吡嗪的制备方法为:
(1)室温下,在维生素B1的乙醇/水混合溶液中加入对溴苯甲醛,于65~70℃下回流18~24h,冷却至室温后,分离、纯化,得到结构式(III)所示的1,2-二溴苯基-2-羟基乙酮;结构式(III)如下所示:
(2)结构式(III)所示的1,2-二溴苯基-2-羟基乙酮为原料,与乙酸铵、乙酸酐和乙酸,在反应介质中,于120~130℃反应3~5h后,冷却至30~35℃,趁热过滤混合物,并用热乙酸冲洗至滤渣为亮黄色产物,得到如结构式(II)所示的2,3,5,6-四(4-溴苯基)吡嗪。
4.根据权利要求2所述的四吡啶苯基吡嗪的制备方法,其特征在于,以结构式(II)所示的2,3,5,6-四(4-溴苯基)吡嗪的物质的量为基准,所述4-吡啶硼酸、钯催化剂的添加量为24.9eq、0.6eq。
5.根据权利要求2所述的四吡啶苯基吡嗪的制备方法,其特征在于,所述钯催化剂选自Pd(PPh3)4,Pd(OAc)2,PdCl2,Pd(OAc)2(PPh3)2中的一种。
6.根据权利要求2所述的四吡啶苯基吡嗪的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂选自甲苯-水,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺-水,四氢呋喃-水,二氧六环-水中的一种。
7.根据权利要求2所述的四吡啶苯基吡嗪的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱液为浓度为0.08~0.09g/mL的碳酸钾水溶液。
8.根据权利要求2所述的四吡啶苯基吡嗪的制备方法,其特征在于,分离工艺为:将冷却到室温的反应产物过滤去除钯催化剂后,溶解在二氯甲烷中,用水萃取,合并下层液并用无水硫酸钠干燥,得粗产物。
9.根据权利要求2所述的四吡啶苯基吡嗪的制备方法,其特征在于,纯化工艺为:将粗产物通过柱层析纯化,柱层析纯化过程中流动相中甲醇:乙酸乙酯的体积比控制在1:(6~10)。
10.一种如权利要求1所述的四吡啶苯基吡嗪作为聚集诱导发光配体在气体分子的荧光传感和金属离子检测领域中的应用。
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