CN110140833A - 一种提高斜带石斑鱼肌肉品质及生长性能的饲料 - Google Patents
一种提高斜带石斑鱼肌肉品质及生长性能的饲料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110140833A CN110140833A CN201910406741.2A CN201910406741A CN110140833A CN 110140833 A CN110140833 A CN 110140833A CN 201910406741 A CN201910406741 A CN 201910406741A CN 110140833 A CN110140833 A CN 110140833A
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- Prior art keywords
- feed
- grouper
- raw material
- weight
- growth performance
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- Pending
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Physiology (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高斜带石斑鱼肌肉品质及生长性能的饲料,以重量计算,含有以下组分:大蒜素0.0025~0.01%,甜菜碱0.1~1.3%和杜仲叶干粉0.1~2.2%。本发明将优质添加剂按恰当比例进行组合,通过合理搭配,调整饲料配方及原料,达到改善石斑鱼肌肉品质及提高生长性能的作用,显著的提高了增重率和成活率,使得石斑鱼生长性能大幅度提高;石斑鱼肌肉含水量下降,蛋白含量和脂肪含量上升,肌肉品质大幅度上升。使用该饲料能够显著提升石斑鱼的品质和产量,具有很好的应用前景,值得大力推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产饲料技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种提高斜带石斑鱼肌肉品质及生长性能的饲料。
背景技术
石斑鱼是我国重要的高档海水养殖鱼类之一,具有生长快、成活率高、耐高密度养殖等优点,其商品肌肉质滑嫩、味道鲜美、营养丰富。但是,野生石斑肌肉质甜美,鱼身颜色多变且花纹明显,价格较高。随着石斑鱼大规模人工育苗技术的日益成熟,石斑鱼人工养殖在海南、福建、广东等省得到了蓬勃发展,价格相对便宜,但是养殖石斑肌肉质较软,风味略差。
随着我国经济的发展,选择石斑鱼的消费者也日益增多,虽然石斑鱼的养殖产量不断增加,野生石斑鱼因肉质更为出众,在一部分人选择“平民价”养殖石斑鱼的同时,消费能力更强的民众往往会追求肉质风味更为出众的野生石斑鱼。随意虽然野生石斑鱼价格更高,其仍然捕捞量居高不下,野生石斑鱼数量锐减,面临灭绝的危险。
改善养殖石斑肌肉质风味,不仅可以满足人民日益增长的口味需求,让消费“平民价”的民众享受更为美味的石斑鱼,同时可以增加普通石斑鱼的市场竞争力,提高石斑鱼养殖户的利润,进一步扩展消费市场,促使石斑鱼养殖事业健康持续发展,还可以转移部分民众对于野生石斑鱼的一味追求,保护野生石斑鱼。
综上所述,提高养殖石斑鱼的肉质风味既有人们口感需求,也有效益需求,是未来石斑鱼养殖业的发展方向。从石斑鱼的选种到搬上餐桌,养殖环境、饲料质量、运输加工、保存及烹饪等各方面都会影响其肉质风味。
饲料作为石斑鱼未来主要的生长营养来源对于其肉质风味的影响尤其重要。研发改善石斑肌肉质风味的配合饲料,对于石斑鱼养殖事业无疑具有巨大的促进作用,将会进一步加强和完善石斑鱼产业链。
2014年全国海水养殖石斑鱼产量88130吨,以饲料系数为0.8~1.1的高档配合饲料来计算,石斑鱼配合饲料的需求量约为7~9万吨,但是目前采用人工配合饲料养殖石斑鱼的比例尚未超过20%,其发展空间非常大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术的不足,提供一种能提高斜带石斑鱼肌肉品质及生长性能的饲料,有效提高斜带石斑鱼肌肉品质及生长性能。
本发明的另一个目的是提供所饲料在提高石斑鱼生长性能和/或肌肉品质中的应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的:
一种能提高斜带石斑鱼肌肉品质的饲料,以重量计算,含有以下组分:大蒜素0.0025~0.01%,甜菜碱0.1~1.3%和杜仲叶干粉0.1~2.2%。
优选地,以重量计算,含有以下组分:大蒜素0.005%,甜菜碱0.5%,杜仲叶干粉0.8%。
优选地,以重量计算,所述饲料还含有以下组分:蛋白源原料68~83%,脂肪源原料3~12%,复合维生素0.1~2%,复合矿物盐0.1~2%,氯化胆碱0.1~1%,维C磷酸酯0.1~1%,蛋氨酸0.1~1%,粘合剂0.1~2%,糖源原料补足余量。
优选地,所述蛋白源原料由白鱼粉和啤酒酵母组成。
更优选地,以饲料总质量计算,其含有白鱼粉65~75%,啤酒酵母3~8%。
优选地,所述脂肪源原料由卵磷脂、鱼油和豆油组成。
更优选地,以饲料总质量计算,其含有卵磷脂1~4%,鱼油1~4%和豆油1~4%。
优选地,所述糖源原料为α淀粉。
优选地,所述粘合剂为海藻酸钠。
更优选地,以重量计算,所述饲料含有以下组分:白鱼粉65~75%、啤酒酵母3~8%、卵磷脂1~4%,鱼油1~4%、豆油1~4%、复合维生素0.1~2%,复合矿物盐0.1~2%,氯化胆碱0.1~1%,维C磷酸酯0.1~1%,蛋氨酸0.1~1%,海藻酸钠0.1~2%,大蒜素0.0025~0.01%,甜菜碱0.1~1.3%和杜仲叶干粉0.1~2.2%,α淀粉补足余量。
优选地,以重量计算,所述饲料含有海藻酸钠0.5%。
优选地,以重量计算,所述饲料含有氯化胆碱0.5%。
优选地,以重量计算,所述饲料含有复合维生素1%。
更优选地,本发明所述复合维生素为水产饲料领域常规使用的复合维生素,所述复合维生素的成分组成按重量比为:维生素B1 0.025wt%,核黄素0.1wt%,维生素B6盐酸盐0.075wt%,烟酸0.25wt%,肌醇39.9wt%,泛酸钙0.5wt%,生物素0.25wt%,叶酸0.025wt%,维生素K3 0.5wt%,维生素B12 0.25wt%,维生素A醋酸酯0.25wt%,维生素D30.625wt%,维生素E醋酸盐7.25wt%,介质纤维素50wt%。
优选地,以重量计算,所述饲料含有复合矿物盐1%。
本发明所述复合矿物盐为水产饲料领域常规使用的复合矿物盐,更优选地,所述复合矿物盐的成分组成按重量比为:镁离子≥1wt%,铁离子≥0.2wt%,碘离子≥0.08wt%,铜离子≥0.3wt%,锌离子≥2wt%,硒离子≥0.004wt%,钴离子≥0.022wt%。
优选地,以重量计算,所述饲料含有维C磷酸酯0.5%。
优选地,以重量计算,所述饲料含有蛋氨酸1%。
优选地,以重量计算,所述饲料含有大蒜素0.005%。
优选地,以重量计算,所述饲料含有甜菜碱0.5%。
优选地,以重量计算,所述饲料含有杜仲叶干粉0.8%。
更优选地,以重量计算,所述饲料含有以下组分:白鱼粉69.5%、啤酒酵母4%、卵磷脂3%,鱼油3%、豆油3%、复合维生素1%,复合矿物盐1%,氯化胆碱0.5%,维C磷酸酯0.5%,蛋氨酸1%,海藻酸钠0.5%,大蒜素0.005%,甜菜碱0.5%,杜仲叶干粉0.8%,α淀粉补足余量,
其中,所述复合维生素的成分组成按重量比为:维生素B1 0.025wt%,核黄素0.1wt%,维生素B6盐酸盐0.075wt%,烟酸0.25wt%,肌醇39.9wt%,泛酸钙0.5wt%,生物素0.25wt%,叶酸0.025wt%,维生素K3 0.5wt%,维生素B12 0.25wt%,维生素A醋酸酯0.25wt%,维生素D3 0.625wt%,维生素E醋酸盐7.25wt%,介质纤维素50wt%;
所述复合矿物盐的成分组成按重量比为:镁离子≥1wt%,铁离子≥0.2wt%,碘离子≥0.08wt%,铜离子≥0.3wt%,锌离子≥2wt%,硒离子≥0.004wt%,钴离子≥0.022wt%。
最优选地,以重量计算,所述饲料含有以下组分:白鱼粉69.5%、啤酒酵母4%、卵磷脂3%,鱼油3%、豆油3%、复合维生素1%,复合矿物盐1%,氯化胆碱0.5%,维C磷酸酯0.5%,蛋氨酸1%,海藻酸钠0.5%,大蒜素0.005%,甜菜碱0.5%和杜仲叶干粉0.8%,α淀粉补足余量;
其中,所述复合维生素的成分组成按重量比为:维生素B1 0.025wt%,核黄素0.1wt%,维生素B6盐酸盐0.075wt%,烟酸0.25wt%,肌醇39.9wt%,泛酸钙0.5wt%,生物素0.25wt%,叶酸0.025wt%,维生素K3 0.5wt%,维生素B12 0.25wt%,维生素A醋酸酯0.25wt%,维生素D3 0.625wt%,维生素E醋酸盐7.25wt%,介质纤维素50wt%;
所述复合矿物盐的成分组成按重量比为:镁离子≥1wt%,铁离子≥0.2wt%,碘离子≥0.08wt%,铜离子≥0.3wt%,锌离子≥2wt%,硒离子≥0.004wt%,钴离子≥0.022wt%。
以上任一所饲料在提高石斑鱼生长性能和/肌肉品质中的应用。
优选地,所述石斑鱼为斜带石斑鱼。
优选地,所述高斜带石斑鱼生长性能为增重率和成活率。
优选地,所述提高斜带石斑鱼肌肉品质为提高蛋白含量、提高脂肪含量、提高DHA+EPA含量、提高肌肉硬度、提高肌肉弹性、提高肌肉咀嚼性中的一种或几种。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
大蒜素是从蒜的球形鳞茎中提取的挥发性油状物,含有100多种挥发性含硫化合物,长期投喂可以改善水产动物的肉质;甜菜碱可以改善罗非肌肉质,可以降低鱼肌肉含水量,升高肌肉粗蛋白质含量;杜仲叶干粉可提鱼肌肉的营养价值,使肌纤维变细,改善肌肉品质,并可促进的生长。
本发明将优质添加剂按恰当比例进行组合,通过合理搭配,调整饲料配方及原料,达到改善石斑鱼肌肉品质及提高生长性能的作用,显著的提高了增重率和成活率,使得石斑鱼生长性能大幅度提高;石斑鱼肌肉含水量下降,蛋白含量和脂肪含量上升,肌肉品质大幅度上升。使用该饲料能够显著提升石斑鱼的品质和产量,具有很好的应用前景,值得大力推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书和具体实施例对本发明作出进一步地详细阐述,所述实施例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。下述实施例中所使用的试验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,为可从商业途径得到的试剂和材料。
以下实施例和对照例中,所用复合维生素的中各成分占复合维生素重质量的比为:维生素B1 0.025wt%,核黄素0.1wt%,维生素B6盐酸盐0.075wt%,烟酸0.25wt%,肌醇39.9wt%,泛酸钙0.5wt%,生物素0.25wt%,叶酸0.025wt%,维生素K3 0.5wt%,维生素B12 0.25wt%,维生素A醋酸酯0.25wt%,维生素D3 0.625wt%,维生素E醋酸盐7.25wt%,介质纤维素50wt%;
以下实施例和对照例中,所用复合矿物盐的中各成分占复合矿物盐重质量的比为:镁离子≥1wt%,铁离子≥0.2wt%,碘离子≥0.08wt%,铜离子≥0.3wt%,锌离子≥2wt%,硒离子≥0.004wt%,钴离子≥0.022wt%。
实施例
一种石斑鱼饲料,如表1所示,分别配制成颗粒饲料,其营养成分分析如表2所示。
表1各实施例饲料配方(%):
表2各实施例饲料营养成分分析:
对照例
一种石斑鱼饲料,如表3所示,分别配制成颗粒饲料,其营养成分分析如表4所示。
表3各对照例饲料配方(%):
表4各对照例饲料营养成分分析:
应用例
一、实验方法
分别使用以上各实施例和对照例中的饲料喂养斜带石斑鱼,并按照以下公式和方法分别计算各实施例和对照例的相关指标:
增重率(%)=100%×(末重-初重)/初重;
成活率(%)=(实验结束时的条数/实验开始时的条数)×100%;
硬度、弹性、咀嚼性测定:用质构仪的平底柱型探头p/5压缩样品2次,采用质地多面剖析(TPA)模式,测定硬度、弹性、咀嚼性等质构标。取鱼片切成1.5cm3的立方体为样品,设定参数为:测量前探头下降速度5.0mm/s,测试速度2.0mm/s,测量后探头回程速度5.0mm/s,针入距离6mm,触发力值5.0g。测定3个平行样品,每个样品测5次重复,取平均值。
二、实验结果
各实施例和对照例饲料对石斑鱼生长性能的影响见表5。
表5各实施例和对照例饲料对石斑鱼生长性能的影响:
初重(g/尾) | 终重(g/尾) | 增重率(%) | 成活率(%) | |
实施例1 | 10.64±0.08 | 42.32±1.69 | 297.74±11.75 | 83.33±2.81 |
实施例2 | 11.16±0.37 | 46.81±2.72 | 319.44±11.58 | 89.67±9.07 |
实施例3 | 11.19±0.03 | 43.66±3.60 | 290.17±25.90 | 80.00±6.93 |
实施例4 | 10.27±0.28 | 41.56±1.60 | 304.46±17.30 | 82.33±8.33 |
实施例5 | 11.54±0.08 | 44.68±1.69 | 287.17±14.75 | 80.33±3.24 |
实施例6 | 11.26±0.37 | 44.81±2.72 | 297.96±11.33 | 85.67±3.45 |
实施例7 | 11.14±0.03 | 43.66±3.60 | 291.92±22.90 | 81.00±6.93 |
实施例8 | 10.98±0.28 | 44.16±1.60 | 302.21±13.30 | 86.33±3.33 |
对照例1 | 11.14±0.18 | 40.42±1.69 | 262.83±11.75 | 74.13±2.61 |
对照例2 | 10.64±0.12 | 40.57±1.22 | 281.29±6.79 | 76.12±2.41 |
对照例3 | 11.04±0.08 | 41.73±1.49 | 277.99±11.25 | 78.33±1.52 |
对照例4 | 10.56±0.11 | 40.23±1.65 | 280.97±10.67 | 77.33±2.11 |
对照例5 | 11.34±0.08 | 41.42±1.69 | 265.26±11.75 | 75.33±2.31 |
对照例6 | 11.16±0.04 | 40.72±1.12 | 264.87±11.56 | 74.35±2.66 |
对照例7 | 11.34±0.28 | 41.09±1.33 | 262.35±7.75 | 75.33±2.58 |
对照例8 | 10.77±0.21 | 41.22±1.74 | 282.73±11.30 | 77.22±2.17 |
对照例9 | 10.25±0.11 | 39.19±1.69 | 282.34±11.75 | 79.33±2.41 |
对照例10 | 10.77±0.21 | 41.22±1.74 | 282.73±11.30 | 78.22±2.12 |
结果显示:实施例各组长势良好,生长性能显著提升,增重率和成活率都好于对照例各组,其中实施例2的生长性能各方面指标均为最佳。
各实施例和对照例饲料对石斑鱼肌肉组成的影响见表6。
表6各实施例和对照例饲料对石斑鱼肌肉组成的影响:
水分含量 | 粗蛋白含量 | 粗脂肪含量 | |
实施例1 | 71.59±0.84 | 17.60±0.47 | 7.44±0.11 |
实施例2 | 70.50±0.55 | 18.55±0.14 | 7.77±0.26 |
实施例3 | 71.61±0.49 | 17.92±0.07 | 7.68±0.24 |
实施例4 | 71.24±0.88 | 17.81±0.00 | 7.48±0.51 |
实施例5 | 70.90±0.51 | 17.95±0.13 | 7.35±0.26 |
实施例6 | 71.61±0.49 | 17.71±0.17 | 7.48±0.24 |
实施例7 | 71.62±0.73 | 17.82±0.37 | 7.45±0.10 |
实施例8 | 71.50±0.81 | 17.75±0.14 | 7.57±0.29 |
对照例1 | 72.91±0.46 | 16.22±0.03 | 6.48±0.22 |
对照例2 | 71.24±0.68 | 17.21±0.06 | 7.32±0.61 |
对照例3 | 72.50±0.72 | 17.15±0.14 | 7.27±0.31 |
对照例4 | 71.61±0.45 | 17.32±0.07 | 7.28±0.24 |
对照例5 | 71.89±0.59 | 16.80±0.82 | 6.74±0.11 |
对照例6 | 72.20±0.82 | 16.75±0.42 | 6.97±0.29 |
对照例7 | 71.71±0.68 | 16.82±0.16 | 7.18±0.24 |
对照例8 | 71.24±0.74 | 17.51±0.42 | 7.31±0.53 |
对照例9 | 72.50±0.82 | 17.54±0.09 | 7.27±0.33 |
对照例10 | 71.61±0.46 | 17.42±0.07 | 7.28±0.19 |
结果显示:实施例相对于对比例各组,肌肉粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量显著提升,水分含量下降,肌肉品质提升,其中实施例2的生长性能各方面指标均为最佳。各实施例和对照例饲料对石斑鱼肌肉品质的影响见表7。
表7各实施例和对照例饲料对石斑鱼肌肉品质的影响:
结果显示:实施例将三种有效成分进行配比添加,在硬度、弹性、咀嚼性方面均优于对照例,其中实施例2的各项指标均为最佳。在对照例中添加大蒜素、甜菜碱、杜仲叶干粉的组合,肉质性能方面均优于未添加对照例组。
Claims (9)
1.一种石斑鱼的饲料,其特征在于,以重量计算,含有以下组分:大蒜素0.0025~0.01%,甜菜碱0.1~1.3%和杜仲叶干粉0.1~2.2%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的饲料,其特征在于,以重量计算,所述饲料还含有以下组分:蛋白源原料68~83%,脂肪源原料3~12%,复合维生素0.1~2%,复合矿物盐0.1~2%,氯化胆碱0.1~1%,维C磷酸酯0.1~1%,蛋氨酸0.1~1%,粘合剂0.1~2%,糖源原料补足余量。
3.根据权利要求2所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述蛋白源原料由白鱼粉和啤酒酵母组成。
4.根据权利要求2所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述脂肪源原料由卵磷脂、鱼油和豆油组成。
5.根据权利要求2所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述糖源原料为α淀粉。
6.根据权利要求2所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述粘合剂为海藻酸钠。
7.根据权利要求1到6任一所述的饲料,其特征在于,以重量计算,所述饲料含有以下组分:白鱼粉65~75%、啤酒酵母3~8%、卵磷脂1~4%,鱼油1~4%、豆油1~4%、复合维生素0.1~2%,复合矿物盐0.1~2%,氯化胆碱0.1~1%,维C磷酸酯0.1~1%,蛋氨酸0.1~1%,海藻酸钠0.1~2%,大蒜素0.0025~0.01%,甜菜碱0.1~1.3%和杜仲叶干粉0.1~2.2%,α淀粉补足余量。
8.根据权利要求7所述的饲料,其特征在于,以重量计算,所述饲料含有以下组分:白鱼粉69.5%、啤酒酵母4%、卵磷脂3%,鱼油3%、豆油3%、复合维生素1%,复合矿物盐1%,氯化胆碱0.5%,维C磷酸酯0.5%,蛋氨酸1%,海藻酸钠0.5%,大蒜素0.005%,甜菜碱0.5%和杜仲叶干粉0.8%,α淀粉补足余量。
9.权利要求1至8任一所饲料在提高石斑鱼生长性能和/肌肉品质中的应用。
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