CN110140468B - Improvement method of saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Improvement method of saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110140468B CN110140468B CN201910547751.8A CN201910547751A CN110140468B CN 110140468 B CN110140468 B CN 110140468B CN 201910547751 A CN201910547751 A CN 201910547751A CN 110140468 B CN110140468 B CN 110140468B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: (1) determining a planting soil area needing to be improved in the saline-alkali soil according to the variety of landscape plants to be planted, uniformly spraying a saline-alkali soil conditioner into the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the application amount is 15-20 Kg/mu, carrying out rotary tillage treatment, then irrigating, draining and airing; (2) adding a soil conditioner into the treated soil area, wherein the application amount is 1.0-5.0 Kg/mu, and drying the soil after sprinkling irrigation; (3) planting the required landscape plant variety. The invention can improve the salinity and alkalinity, increase the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, improve the structure and physical and chemical properties of the soil, ensure that the saline-alkali soil is not hardened and cracked, has good water permeability, and avoids soil salt return caused by the rise of salt content driven by excessive evaporation of water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving a garden saline-alkali soil.
Background
At present, saline-alkali soil is a general term for saline soil, alkaline earth and various salinized and alkalized soils. The saline-alkali soil contains a large amount of soluble salt or sodium ions with overlarge saturation on soil colloid, so that the saline-alkali soil harms plants and soil microorganisms, the soil structure is damaged, soil hardening and permeability deterioration are caused, and crops cannot normally grow or even die due to the biological toxic action of the saline-alkali ions. In addition, too high a soluble salt content also exerts antagonistic effects on plant nutrients. Therefore, the yield of the crops in the saline-alkali area is not high, the survival rate of afforestation is low, and the economic development and the improvement of the ecological environment of the saline-alkali area are seriously influenced.
There are many methods for improving saline-alkali soil, including the traditional methods: the physical improvement method comprises two membrane methods, soil dressing, sand pressing, salt isolation layer, salt discharge pipe, salt isolation bag method and the like, and the chemical improvement method mainly uses chemical substances to weaken the alkalinity of soil and improve the soil quality.
The traditional method for chemically improving the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is to use acid soil such as sulfur, sulfuric acid, ferrous sulfate, aluminum sulfate and the like, and after acid is added to the alkaline soil, residues such as chloride ions, metal ions and the like exist, and meanwhile, the salinity of the soil is increased. The traditional saline-alkali soil salinity chemical improvement method adopts gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium superphosphate, humic acid, peat, vinegar residue and the like to improve the saline-alkali soil. At present, gypsum, phosphogypsum and calcium superphosphate are widely used, the cost performance is high, sodium ions in saline-alkali soil are replaced, alkaline earth is changed into sulfate ions, the harm of sulfate to plants is only 1/5 of carbonate ions, and the obtained sodium sulfate ions can be quickly washed away by salt drainage through a concealed pipe. The method has the following defects: 1) the gypsum has large dosage, contains more chloride ions, heavy metal ions and the like, and is unfavorable for the growth of crops. 2) The phosphogypsum treatment effect is not obvious, the time of two or three years is generally needed for planting crops, and after the phosphogypsum is applied to a slight saline-alkali soil for treatment, the germination rate of the crops is still low and the growth vigor of the crops in the later period is not good. 3) The excessive phosphogypsum contains a large amount of insoluble calcium salt, which is not beneficial to crop absorption, soil hardening, washing away, root burning and seedling burning phenomena in the later period, crop growth and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which improves the saline-alkali property and soil hardening.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for improving saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a planting soil area needing to be improved in the saline-alkali soil according to the variety of landscape plants to be planted, uniformly spraying a saline-alkali soil conditioner into the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the application amount is 15-20 Kg/mu, carrying out rotary tillage treatment, then irrigating, draining and airing;
(2) adding a soil conditioner into the treated soil area, wherein the application amount is 1.0-5.0 Kg/mu, and drying the soil after sprinkling irrigation;
(3) planting the required landscape plant variety.
Preferably, the saline-alkali soil modifier is filter residue of beer wastewater, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding citric acid residues into the fermented beer wastewater, wherein the adding amount is 10-15% of the mass of the beer wastewater, and stirring;
(2) adding furfural residue accounting for 10-15% of the mass of the wastewater, adding zinc sulfate accounting for 0.02%, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone accounting for 0.01-0.05% of the mass of the wastewater, and filtering to obtain filter residue.
Preferably, the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: adding water into citric acid residue to make the water content of the citric acid residue reach 50%, adding maleic acid acrylic acid copolymer, stirring, heating to 60-65 deg.C, adding malic acid and hydrogen peroxide, stirring for 4 hr, and cooling to room temperature.
The citric acid residues can be waste residues generated in citric acid production in a citric acid factory, and are divided into mycelium waste residues generated in a filter pressing process and calcium sulfate waste residues generated in an acidolysis process, the mycelium waste residues used in the modifying agent, and the calcium sulfate waste residues generated in the acidolysis process are used in the conditioning agent; the furfural residues are biomass materials generated after the chemical raw material furfural residues (furfural) are obtained by hydrolyzing polypentaose contained in rice husks, corn stalks/cores or cottonseed hulls;
preferably, the addition amount of the maleic acrylic acid copolymer accounts for 1-3% of the mass of the citric acid residues.
Preferably, the adding amount of the malic acid and the hydrogen peroxide is 0.02 percent of the mass of the citric acid residue, and the mass ratio of the malic acid to the hydrogen peroxide is 1: 1.
Advantageous effects
The filter residue after wastewater treatment is added, the acidity is obvious, the filter residue can be neutralized with the alkalinity in the saline-alkali soil, and meanwhile, the citric acid residue in the filter residue can form sodium citrate with sodium salt in the saline-alkali soil, so that the nutrition in the soil can be increased, and the harm of excessive salinity to the soil can be eliminated. Polyvinylpyrrolidone can increase the stability of the soil. The soil conditioner provided by the invention can reduce the content of heavy metal ions caused by adding a large amount of citric acid residues in soil, and can form a macromolecular compound sodium acrylate maleate with hydrophilic groups by modifying the citric acid residues in advance. The compound has strong hygroscopicity and good rheological property and stability, can be used as a water-retaining agent, improves the permeability and water permeability of saline-alkali soil, solves the problems of hardening and cracking, improves the soil structure and physicochemical property, enhances the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and avoids soil salt return caused by the rise of salinity driven by excessive evaporation of water.
The citric acid residues in the soil conditioner disclosed by the invention contain insoluble calcium salt, and the insoluble calcium salt can be effectively removed by adding the maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer, the malic acid and the hydrogen peroxide, so that the content increase of heavy metal ions caused by adding a large amount of citric acid residues in saline-alkali soil can be avoided.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A method for improving saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a planting soil area needing to be improved in the saline-alkali soil according to the variety of landscape plants to be planted, uniformly spraying a saline-alkali soil conditioner into the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the application amount is 15 Kg/mu, carrying out rotary tillage treatment, then irrigating, draining and airing; the saline-alkali soil modifier is filter residue of beer wastewater, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding citric acid residues into the fermented beer wastewater, wherein the adding amount is 15% of the mass of the beer wastewater, and stirring; adding furfural residues accounting for 15% of the mass of the wastewater, adding zinc sulfate accounting for 0.02% of the mass of the wastewater, simultaneously adding polyvinylpyrrolidone accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the wastewater, and filtering to obtain filter residues.
(2) Adding a soil conditioner into the treated soil area, wherein the application amount is 5.0 Kg/mu, and drying the soil after sprinkling irrigation; the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: adding water into the citric acid residues to enable the water content of the citric acid residues to reach 50%, then adding 1% of maleic acid acrylic acid copolymer accounting for the mass of the citric acid residues, uniformly stirring, heating to 60 ℃, then adding 0.02% of malic acid and hydrogen peroxide accounting for the mass of the citric acid residues, wherein the mass ratio of the malic acid to the hydrogen peroxide is 1:1, continuously keeping the temperature and stirring for 5 hours, and cooling to room temperature.
(3) Planting the required landscape plant variety.
Comparative example 1
A method for improving saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a planting soil area needing to be improved in the saline-alkali soil according to the variety of landscape plants to be planted, uniformly spraying a saline-alkali soil conditioner into the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the application amount is 15 Kg/mu, carrying out rotary tillage treatment, then irrigating, draining and airing; the saline-alkali soil modifier is filter residue of beer wastewater, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding polyaluminium sulfate into the fermented beer wastewater, wherein the adding amount is 15% of the mass of the beer wastewater, and stirring; adding furfural residues accounting for 15% of the mass of the wastewater, adding zinc sulfate accounting for 0.02% of the mass of the wastewater, simultaneously adding polyvinylpyrrolidone accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the wastewater, and filtering to obtain filter residues.
(2) Adding a soil conditioner into the treated soil area, wherein the application amount is 5.0 Kg/mu, and drying the soil after sprinkling irrigation; the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: adding water into the citric acid residues to enable the water content of the citric acid residues to reach 50%, then adding 1% of maleic acid acrylic acid copolymer accounting for the mass of the citric acid residues, uniformly stirring, heating to 60 ℃, then adding 0.02% of malic acid and hydrogen peroxide accounting for the mass of the citric acid residues, continuing to keep the temperature and stir for 5 hours, and cooling to room temperature.
(3) Planting the required landscape plant variety.
Comparative example 2
A method for improving saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a planting soil area needing to be improved in the saline-alkali soil according to the variety of landscape plants to be planted, uniformly spraying a saline-alkali soil conditioner into the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the application amount is 15 Kg/mu, carrying out rotary tillage treatment, then irrigating, draining and airing; the saline-alkali soil modifier is filter residue of beer wastewater, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding citric acid residues into the fermented beer wastewater, wherein the adding amount is 30% of the mass of the beer wastewater, stirring, and filtering to obtain filter residues.
(2) Adding a soil conditioner into the treated soil area, wherein the application amount is 5.0 Kg/mu, and drying the soil after sprinkling irrigation; the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: adding water into the citric acid residues to enable the water content of the citric acid residues to reach 50%, then adding 1% of maleic acid acrylic acid copolymer accounting for the mass of the citric acid residues, uniformly stirring, heating to 60 ℃, then adding 0.02% of malic acid and hydrogen peroxide accounting for the mass of the citric acid residues, wherein the mass ratio of the malic acid to the hydrogen peroxide is 1:1, continuously keeping the temperature and stirring for 5 hours, and cooling to room temperature.
(3) Planting the required landscape plant variety.
Comparative example 3
A method for improving saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a planting soil area needing to be improved in the saline-alkali soil according to the variety of landscape plants to be planted, uniformly spraying a saline-alkali soil conditioner into the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the application amount is 15 Kg/mu, carrying out rotary tillage treatment, then irrigating, draining and airing; the saline-alkali soil modifier is filter residue of beer wastewater, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding citric acid residues into the fermented beer wastewater, wherein the adding amount is 15% of the mass of the beer wastewater, and stirring; adding furfural residues accounting for 15% of the mass of the wastewater, adding zinc sulfate accounting for 0.02% of the mass of the wastewater, simultaneously adding polyvinylpyrrolidone accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the wastewater, and filtering to obtain filter residues.
(2) Adding citric acid residues into the treated soil area, wherein the application amount is 5.0 Kg/mu, and drying the soil area after sprinkling irrigation.
(3) Planting the required landscape plant variety.
Comparative example 4
A method for improving saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a planting soil area needing to be improved in the saline-alkali soil according to the variety of landscape plants to be planted, uniformly spraying a saline-alkali soil conditioner into the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the application amount is 15 Kg/mu, carrying out rotary tillage treatment, then irrigating, draining and airing; the saline-alkali soil modifier is filter residue of beer wastewater, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding citric acid residues into the fermented beer wastewater, wherein the adding amount is 15% of the mass of the beer wastewater, and stirring; adding furfural residues accounting for 15% of the mass of the wastewater, adding zinc sulfate accounting for 0.02% of the mass of the wastewater, simultaneously adding polyvinylpyrrolidone accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the wastewater, and filtering to obtain filter residues.
(2) Adding a soil conditioner into the treated soil area, wherein the application amount is 5.0 Kg/mu, and drying the soil conditioner after sprinkling irrigation; the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: adding water into the citric acid residues to enable the water content of the citric acid residues to reach 50%, then adding 1% of maleic acid acrylic acid copolymer accounting for the mass of the citric acid residues, then adding 0.02% of malic acid and hydrogen peroxide accounting for the mass of the citric acid residues, wherein the mass ratio of the malic acid to the hydrogen peroxide is 1:0.4, uniformly stirring, heating to 60 ℃, keeping the temperature, stirring for 5 hours, and cooling to room temperature.
(3) Planting the required landscape plant variety.
Testing the soil property of the treated saline-alkali soil:
planting landscape plants in the treated saline-alkali soil:
it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (3)
1. A method for improving saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining a planting soil area needing to be improved in the saline-alkali soil according to the variety of landscape plants to be planted, uniformly spraying a saline-alkali soil conditioner into the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the application amount is 15-20 Kg/mu, carrying out rotary tillage treatment, then irrigating, draining and airing;
(2) adding a soil conditioner into the treated soil area, wherein the application amount is 1.0-5.0 Kg/mu, and drying the soil after sprinkling irrigation;
(3) planting a required landscape plant variety;
the saline-alkali soil modifier is filter residue of beer wastewater, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding citric acid residues into the fermented beer wastewater, wherein the adding amount is 10-15% of the mass of the beer wastewater, and stirring;
(2) adding furfural residue accounting for 10-15% of the mass of the wastewater, adding zinc sulfate accounting for 0.02% of the mass of the wastewater, simultaneously adding polyvinylpyrrolidone accounting for 0.01-0.05% of the mass of the wastewater, and filtering to obtain filter residue;
the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: adding water into citric acid residue to make the water content of the citric acid residue reach 50%, adding maleic acid acrylic acid copolymer, stirring, heating to 60-65 deg.C, adding malic acid and hydrogen peroxide, stirring for 4 hr, and cooling to room temperature.
2. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the maleic acrylic acid copolymer is 1-3% of the mass of the citric acid residues.
3. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the malic acid and the hydrogen peroxide is 0.02% of the mass of the citric acid residue, and the mass ratio of the malic acid to the hydrogen peroxide is 1: 1.
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| CN1331824C (en) * | 2006-01-26 | 2007-08-15 | 中国农业大学 | Composite long-acting iron fertilizer, its preparation method and uses |
| CN102154013B (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2013-03-20 | 吴国君 | Saline-alkali land soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| KR101405713B1 (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2014-06-12 | 오씨아이 주식회사 | Soil Remediation Composition Containing Hydrogen Peroxide Solution |
| CN105766119A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-07-20 | 李银亭 | Saline-alkaline land improvement method |
| CN105131968B (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2017-05-24 | 山东农大肥业科技有限公司 | Alkaline soil conditioner and continuous steam-pressing device and method thereof |
| CN106489342A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-03-15 | 山东旺盛园林股份有限公司 | A kind of local improving method of salt-soda soil planting soil |
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