CN110120308B - 一种高致密性电容器隔膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种高致密性电容器隔膜及其制备方法,涉及电容器隔膜加工技术领域。所述高致密性电容器隔膜由以下重量份的原料制成:聚乙烯醇纤维25‑30份、聚丙烯纤维15‑20份、陶瓷纤维18‑22份、活性炭纤维5‑8份、玄武岩纤维14‑18份、石墨烯粉末4‑8份、碳酸钙粉末1‑2份、氧化锌粉末1‑3份、有机硅树脂2‑3份、二甲基乙酰胺3‑4份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚1‑2份、乙酸乙烯酯2‑3份、偶氮二异丁腈1‑2份、三聚磷酸钠1‑1.4份、增塑剂1‑3份、胶粘剂0.5‑1份。本发明克服了现有技术的不足,通过多种原料混合制备,使所得隔膜具有致密的微孔隙,有效提升电容器的使用性能,延长其使用寿命,具有良好的经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电容器隔膜加工技术领域,具体涉及一种高致密性电容器隔膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
超级电容器是一种极具市场竞争力的储能器,由于它可以实现快速充电、大电流放电,且具有10万次以上的充电寿命,在一些需要短时高倍率放电的应用中占有重要地位。混合动力汽车和电动汽车对动力电源的要求也引起了全世界范围内对超级电容器这一新型储能装置的广泛重视。在超级电容器的组成中,电极、电解液和隔膜纸对超级电容器的性能起着决定性的影响。目前超级电容器的电极和电解液是研究的热点,但是人们对于隔膜的研究和关注度并不高。
超级电容器的隔膜纸位于两个多孔化碳电极之间,与电极一起完全浸润在电解液中,在反复充放电过程中起到隔离的作用,阻止电子传导,防止两极间接触造成的内部短路。这就要求隔膜材料是电子的绝缘体,具有良好的隔离性能,并且其孔隙应尽可能小于电极表面活性物质的最小粒径。隔离性能较好的隔膜纸必须孔径小,这样可使电解液的流通性下降,电池充放电性能下降;而电解液浸透率较高,离子通过性好的隔膜材料往往孔隙较大较多,容易造成两极之间接触造成的内部短路。所以制备一种高致密性小孔隙高孔隙率的隔膜材料是电容器研究的一大重要方向。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足,本发明提供一种高致密性电容器隔膜及其制备方法,通过多种原料混合制备,使所得隔膜具有致密的微孔隙,有效提升电容器的使用性能,延长其使用寿命,具有良好的经济效益。
为实现以上目的,本发明的技术方案通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种高致密性电容器隔膜,所述高致密性电容器隔膜由以下重量份的原料制成:聚乙烯醇纤维25-30份、聚丙烯纤维15-20份、陶瓷纤维18-22份、活性炭纤维5-8份、玄武岩纤维14-18份、石墨烯粉末4-8份、碳酸钙粉末1-2份、氧化锌粉末1-3份、有机硅树脂2-3份、二甲基乙酰胺3-4份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚1-2份、乙酸乙烯酯2-3份、偶氮二异丁腈1-2份、三聚磷酸钠1-1.4份、增塑剂1-3份、胶粘剂0.5-1份。
优选的,所述增塑剂为叔磷酸酯、羧甲基纤维素钠、壬二酸酯、二月桂酸二丁基锡质量比3∶2∶2∶1的混合物。
优选的,所述胶粘剂为阳离子淀粉、醋酸乙烯树脂、二甲基硅油质量比3∶2∶1的混合物。
所述高致密性电容器隔膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯醇纤维、聚丙烯纤维和活性炭纤维混合加入去离子水,于搅拌机中快速搅拌成浆液备用;
(2)将上述混合液加入陶瓷纤维、玄武岩纤维、石墨烯粉末、碳酸钙粉末、氧化锌粉末混合高温高压静置后,于超声震荡仪中震荡均质,得均质液备用;
(3)将有机硅树脂与和三聚磷酸钠混合均匀后,加入壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、乙酸乙烯酯、二甲基乙酰胺和偶氮二异丁腈混和加热搅拌均匀后,再添加增塑剂和胶粘剂后继续搅拌得混合液备用;
(4)将上述混合液采用流延法在玻璃表面上进行流延,恒温干燥后,得薄膜于玻璃上剥离后备用;
(5)将上述均质液采用湿法成型工艺送入造纸机经网格和压榨部脱水成型,干燥后热压粘合得非织造布基布备用;
(6)将步骤(4)中的薄膜覆于上述非织造布基布上,在进行热压成型,裁剪、包装得本发明高致密性电容器隔膜。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中混合高温高压静置的温度为80-100℃,压强为13-15MPa,静置时间为45-60min,且超声震荡的功率为300-400W,频率为20KHz,时间为10-12min。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中加热搅拌的温度为60-80℃,搅拌的转速为600-800r/min。
优选的,所述步骤(4)中制备薄膜的厚度为50-120μm。
优选的,所述步骤(5)中热压粘合的温度为150-160℃。
优选的,所述步骤(6)中热压成型的温度为130-150℃,且所得隔膜的厚度为80-200μm。
本发明提供一种高致密性电容器隔膜及其制备方法,与现有技术相比优点在于:
(1)本发明选用聚乙烯醇纤维、聚丙烯纤维、陶瓷纤维等纤维为基础材料,通过搅拌混合和高温高压改性处理有效提升产品的电阻性,增强其使用效果,同时减小大孔隙的产生,有效延长产品的使用寿命,并且提升产品的稳定性。
(2)本发明添加石墨烯粉末、碳酸钙粉末、氧化锌粉末等物质,经过高温高压处理,后使产品具有致密的微孔结构,且使孔隙分布均匀,达到良好的使用效果。
(3)本发明采用将有机硅树脂和多种材料混合流延后与多纤维材料制备的基布热压制备产品隔膜,有效提升产品的电阻,降低隔膜的厚度,提升产品使用寿命。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合本发明实施例对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
一种高致密性电容器隔膜,所述高致密性电容器隔膜由以下重量份的原料制成:聚乙烯醇纤维25份、聚丙烯纤维15份、陶瓷纤维18份、活性炭纤维5份、玄武岩纤维14份、石墨烯粉末4份、碳酸钙粉末1份、氧化锌粉末1份、有机硅树脂2份、二甲基乙酰胺3份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚1份、乙酸乙烯酯2份、偶氮二异丁腈1份、三聚磷酸钠1份、增塑剂1份、胶粘剂0.5份。
所述增塑剂为叔磷酸酯、羧甲基纤维素钠、壬二酸酯、二月桂酸二丁基锡质量比3∶2∶2∶1的混合物;所述胶粘剂为阳离子淀粉、醋酸乙烯树脂、二甲基硅油质量比3∶2∶1的混合物。
所述高致密性电容器隔膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯醇纤维、聚丙烯纤维和活性炭纤维混合加入去离子水,于搅拌机中快速搅拌成浆液备用;
(2)将上述混合液加入陶瓷纤维、玄武岩纤维、石墨烯粉末、碳酸钙粉末、氧化锌粉末混合高温高压静置后,于超声震荡仪中震荡均质,得均质液备用;
(3)将有机硅树脂与和三聚磷酸钠混合均匀后,加入壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、乙酸乙烯酯、二甲基乙酰胺和偶氮二异丁腈混和加热搅拌均匀后,再添加增塑剂和胶粘剂后继续搅拌得混合液备用;
(4)将上述混合液采用流延法在玻璃表面上进行流延,恒温干燥后,得薄膜于玻璃上剥离后备用;
(5)将上述均质液采用湿法成型工艺送入造纸机经网格和压榨部脱水成型,干燥后热压粘合得非织造布基布备用;
(6)将步骤(4)中的薄膜覆于上述非织造布基布上,在进行热压成型,裁剪、包装得本发明高致密性电容器隔膜。
其中,所述步骤(2)中混合高温高压静置的温度为80-100℃,压强为13-15MPa,静置时间为45-60min,且超声震荡的功率为300-400W,频率为20KHz,时间为10-12min;所述步骤(3)中加热搅拌的温度为60-80℃,搅拌的转速为600-800r/min;所述步骤(4)中制备薄膜的厚度为50-120μm;所述步骤(5)中热压粘合的温度为150-160℃;所述步骤(6)中热压成型的温度为130-150℃,且所得隔膜的厚度为80-200μm。
实施例2:
一种高致密性电容器隔膜,所述高致密性电容器隔膜由以下重量份的原料制成:聚乙烯醇纤维30份、聚丙烯纤维20份、陶瓷纤维22份、活性炭纤维8份、玄武岩纤维18份、石墨烯粉末8份、碳酸钙粉末2份、氧化锌粉末3份、有机硅树脂3份、二甲基乙酰胺4份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚2份、乙酸乙烯酯3份、偶氮二异丁腈2份、三聚磷酸钠1.4份、增塑剂3份、胶粘剂1份。
所述增塑剂为叔磷酸酯、羧甲基纤维素钠、壬二酸酯、二月桂酸二丁基锡质量比3∶2∶2∶1的混合物;所述胶粘剂为阳离子淀粉、醋酸乙烯树脂、二甲基硅油质量比3∶2∶1的混合物。
所述高致密性电容器隔膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯醇纤维、聚丙烯纤维和活性炭纤维混合加入去离子水,于搅拌机中快速搅拌成浆液备用;
(2)将上述混合液加入陶瓷纤维、玄武岩纤维、石墨烯粉末、碳酸钙粉末、氧化锌粉末混合高温高压静置后,于超声震荡仪中震荡均质,得均质液备用;
(3)将有机硅树脂与和三聚磷酸钠混合均匀后,加入壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、乙酸乙烯酯、二甲基乙酰胺和偶氮二异丁腈混和加热搅拌均匀后,再添加增塑剂和胶粘剂后继续搅拌得混合液备用;
(4)将上述混合液采用流延法在玻璃表面上进行流延,恒温干燥后,得薄膜于玻璃上剥离后备用;
(5)将上述均质液采用湿法成型工艺送入造纸机经网格和压榨部脱水成型,干燥后热压粘合得非织造布基布备用;
(6)将步骤(4)中的薄膜覆于上述非织造布基布上,在进行热压成型,裁剪、包装得本发明高致密性电容器隔膜。
其中,所述步骤(2)中混合高温高压静置的温度为80-100℃,压强为13-15MPa,静置时间为45-60min,且超声震荡的功率为300-400W,频率为20KHz,时间为10-12min;所述步骤(3)中加热搅拌的温度为60-80℃,搅拌的转速为600-800r/min;所述步骤(4)中制备薄膜的厚度为50-120μm;所述步骤(5)中热压粘合的温度为150-160℃;所述步骤(6)中热压成型的温度为130-150℃,且所得隔膜的厚度为80-200μm。
实施例3:
一种高致密性电容器隔膜,所述高致密性电容器隔膜由以下重量份的原料制成:聚乙烯醇纤维28份、聚丙烯纤维18份、陶瓷纤维20份、活性炭纤维6.5份、玄武岩纤维16份、石墨烯粉末6份、碳酸钙粉末1.5份、氧化锌粉末2份、有机硅树脂2.5份、二甲基乙酰胺3.5份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚1.5份、乙酸乙烯酯2.5份、偶氮二异丁腈1.5份、三聚磷酸钠1.2份、增塑剂2份、胶粘剂0.8份。
所述增塑剂为叔磷酸酯、羧甲基纤维素钠、壬二酸酯、二月桂酸二丁基锡质量比3∶2∶2∶1的混合物;所述胶粘剂为阳离子淀粉、醋酸乙烯树脂、二甲基硅油质量比3∶2∶1的混合物。
所述高致密性电容器隔膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯醇纤维、聚丙烯纤维和活性炭纤维混合加入去离子水,于搅拌机中快速搅拌成浆液备用;
(2)将上述混合液加入陶瓷纤维、玄武岩纤维、石墨烯粉末、碳酸钙粉末、氧化锌粉末混合高温高压静置后,于超声震荡仪中震荡均质,得均质液备用;
(3)将有机硅树脂与和三聚磷酸钠混合均匀后,加入壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、乙酸乙烯酯、二甲基乙酰胺和偶氮二异丁腈混和加热搅拌均匀后,再添加增塑剂和胶粘剂后继续搅拌得混合液备用;
(4)将上述混合液采用流延法在玻璃表面上进行流延,恒温干燥后,得薄膜于玻璃上剥离后备用;
(5)将上述均质液采用湿法成型工艺送入造纸机经网格和压榨部脱水成型,干燥后热压粘合得非织造布基布备用;
(6)将步骤(4)中的薄膜覆于上述非织造布基布上,在进行热压成型,裁剪、包装得本发明高致密性电容器隔膜。
其中,所述步骤(2)中混合高温高压静置的温度为80-100℃,压强为13-15MPa,静置时间为45-60min,且超声震荡的功率为300-400W,频率为20KHz,时间为10-12min;所述步骤(3)中加热搅拌的温度为60-80℃,搅拌的转速为600-800r/min;所述步骤(4)中制备薄膜的厚度为50-120μm;所述步骤(5)中热压粘合的温度为150-160℃;所述步骤(6)中热压成型的温度为130-150℃,且所得隔膜的厚度为80-200μm。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种高致密性电容器隔膜,其特征在于,所述高致密性电容器隔膜由以下重量份的原料制成:聚乙烯醇纤维25-30份、聚丙烯纤维15-20份、陶瓷纤维18-22份、活性炭纤维5-8份、玄武岩纤维14-18份、石墨烯粉末4-8份、碳酸钙粉末1-2份、氧化锌粉末1-3份、有机硅树脂2-3份、二甲基乙酰胺3-4份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚1-2份、乙酸乙烯酯2-3份、偶氮二异丁腈1-2份、三聚磷酸钠1-1.4份、增塑剂1-3份、胶粘剂0.5-1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高致密性电容器隔膜,其特征在于:所述增塑剂为叔磷酸酯、羧甲基纤维素钠、壬二酸酯、二月桂酸二丁基锡质量比3∶2∶2∶1的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高致密性电容器隔膜,其特征在于:所述胶粘剂为阳离子淀粉、醋酸乙烯树脂、二甲基硅油质量比3∶2∶1的混合物。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的高致密性电容器隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高致密性电容器隔膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚乙烯醇纤维、聚丙烯纤维和活性炭纤维混合加入去离子水,于搅拌机中快速搅拌成浆液备用;
(2)将上述混合液加入陶瓷纤维、玄武岩纤维、石墨烯粉末、碳酸钙粉末、氧化锌粉末混合高温高压静置后,于超声震荡仪中震荡均质,得均质液备用;
(3)将有机硅树脂与三聚磷酸钠混合均匀后,加入壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、乙酸乙烯酯、二甲基乙酰胺和偶氮二异丁腈混和加热搅拌均匀后,再添加增塑剂和胶粘剂后继续搅拌得混合液备用;
(4)将上述混合液采用流延法在玻璃表面上进行流延,恒温干燥后,得薄膜于玻璃上剥离后备用;
(5)将上述均质液采用湿法成型工艺送入造纸机经网格和压榨部脱水成型,干燥后热压粘合得非织造布基布备用;
(6)将步骤(4)中的薄膜覆于上述非织造布基布上,在进行热压成型,裁剪、包装得本发明高致密性电容器隔膜。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高致密性电容器隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中混合高温高压静置的温度为80-100℃,压强为13-15MPa,静置时间为45-60min,且超声震荡的功率为300-400W,频率为20KHz,时间为10-12min。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种高致密性电容器隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中加热搅拌的温度为60-80℃,搅拌的转速为600-800r/min。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种高致密性电容器隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中制备薄膜的厚度为50-120μm。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种高致密性电容器隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中热压粘合的温度为150-160℃。
9.根据权利要求4所述的一种高致密性电容器隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(6)中热压成型的温度为130-150℃,且所得隔膜的厚度为80-200μm。
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