CN110105494A - 一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法及其在油田开采中的应用 - Google Patents
一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法及其在油田开采中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法及其在油田开采中的应用,包括以下步骤:S1:按摩尔份计,备料;S2:将0.05‑0.2份4‑二甲氨基吡啶、0.01‑0.05份二环己基碳二亚胺溶于1‑2份乙醚,制复合催化剂;S3:2‑3份环己六醇支化剂、16‑24份烯键式不饱和阴离子单体在催化剂作用下,70‑80℃反应2‑3h;S3:再向其中加入40‑60份丙烯酰胺单体、6‑12份甲基丙烯酸钠单体、10‑18份烯键式不饱和阳离子单体、引发剂,45‑70℃聚合反应4‑10h;S5:再加入2‑6份钛酸四丁酯,调节PH为5.0,65‑85℃水解1‑2h,静置过夜、中和、干燥。本发明以环己六醇作为六羟基母核,合成具有类似于球形的三维立体多臂紧凑结构的聚丙烯酰胺,明显改善抗盐、抗剪切能力,分子量高,易溶解于多种溶剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物合成技术领域,具体涉及一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法及其在油田开采中的应用。
背景技术
超支化聚合物是一种具有高度支化拓扑结构的特殊高分子聚合物,具有大量的支化节点和活性端基。相比于直链线性聚丙烯酰胺,超支化多臂聚丙烯酰胺具有独特的类似于球形的三维立体紧凑结构,流体力学回转半径小,分子链缠结少,多活性端基,易于溶解,在高剪切作用下,其分子结构不易卷曲交缠,稳定性和流变性更高,具有优良的驱油、堵水、润滑等性能。
鉴于以上优良性能,近年来,超支化聚丙烯酰胺已逐渐成为聚丙烯酰胺合成领域的研究热点,如申请号为CN201610465108.7的专利,公开一种基于含氟超支化多臂聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物的聚合物驱油剂;如申请号为CN201610178694.7的专利,公开基于聚乙二醇/环糊精复合结构的超支化聚合物驱油剂及其制备方法;如申请号为CN201510- 253411.6的专利,公开一种超支化多臂聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物及其制备方法;如申请号为CN201710184609.2的专利,公开一种超支化两性聚丙烯酰胺及其制备方法;但目前尚未有以环己六醇作为六羟基母核的超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的相关专利和文献报道及公开,本发明还利用钛酸四丁酯水解出的纳米二氧化钛与聚丙烯酰胺末端基团间的物理交联进行阻聚。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足之处,本发明的目的在于提供一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法及其在油田开采中的应用。
本发明的技术方案概述如下:
一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:按摩尔份计,备料:丙烯酰胺单体40-60份、甲基丙烯酸钠单体6-12份、环己六醇支化剂2-3份、钛酸四丁酯2-6份、硝酸铈铵0.1-0.5份、偶氮二异丁腈0.1-0.5份、4-二甲氨基吡啶0.05-0.2 份、二环己基碳二亚胺0.01-0.05份、乙醚1-2份、烯键式不饱和阳离子单体10-18份、烯键式不饱和阴离子单体16-24份、去离子水 35-50份;
S2:将4-二甲氨基吡啶、二环己基碳二亚胺加入乙醚中,搅拌至完全溶解,得复合催化剂,备用;
S3:将环己六醇支化剂、烯键式不饱和阴离子单体溶解于去离子水中,加入复合催化剂,70-80℃水浴搅拌反应2-3h,得反应液Ⅰ;
S4:向反应液Ⅰ中加入丙烯酰胺单体、甲基丙烯酸钠单体、烯键式不饱和阳离子单体,分散均匀并通氮驱氧,待反应体系中氧含量≤ 0.2%时,加入硝酸铈铵、偶氮二异丁腈引发聚合反应,控制反应温度为45-70℃,反应时间为4-10h,得反应液Ⅱ;
S5:向反应液Ⅱ中加入钛酸四丁酯,调节PH为5.0,65-85℃水解1-2h,静置过夜,再氨水中和,减压干燥至含水量≤2%,即得所述超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺。
优选的是,所述烯键式不饱和阳离子单体包括甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵中的一种。
优选的是,所述烯键式不饱和阴离子单体包括2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、顺丁烯二酸酐、β-衣康酸单甲酯、β-衣康酸、苯乙烯磺酸中的一种。
优选的是,所述氨水浓度为18-20%。
优选的是,所述减压干燥的真空度为-0.1MPa,温度为50-60℃。
一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺在油田开采中的应用:具体用于驱油剂、调驱剂或调剖堵水剂。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明首次以环己六醇作为六羟基母核,与阴离子单体进行酯化,再其他原料接枝共聚,合成具有类似于球形的三维立体多臂紧凑结构的超支化两性聚丙烯酰胺,明显改善抗盐、抗剪切能力,其相对分子量高,活性基团数量多,流变性高,易溶解于多种溶剂。
(2)本发明超支化两性聚丙烯酰胺结构中既有阳电荷,又有阴电荷,甲基丙烯酸钠、烯键式不饱和阴离子单体(2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、顺丁烯二酸酐、β-衣康酸单甲酯、β-衣康酸、苯乙烯磺酸)提供-COO-、-SO3-阴离子电荷,同时,烯键式不饱和阴离子单体利用酯化反应和聚合反应连接环己六醇支化剂、丙烯酰胺单体,烯键式不饱和阳离子单体(甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵)提供阳离子电荷,具有显著协同效应,其驱油性能和调剖堵水性能显著优于单一离子特性的聚丙烯酰胺,并进一步提高抗盐能力、抗剪切性能。
(3)本发明聚合物中具有聚甲基丙烯酸钠链段,极大改善聚丙烯酰胺产物的溶解性。
(4)本发明利用钛酸四丁酯水解出的纳米二氧化钛与聚丙烯酰胺末端活性基团在氢键和范德华力作用发生物理交联,进而达到阻聚的效果,并赋予产品良好的光催化性能。
(5)本发明方法步骤简单、水相合成、条件温和,反应易于控制,产品产率高,可大规模工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
参阅图1
实施例1
一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:按摩尔份计,备料:丙烯酰胺单体40份、甲基丙烯酸钠单体6份、环己六醇支化剂2份、钛酸四丁酯2份、硝酸铈铵0.1份、偶氮二异丁腈0.1份、4-二甲氨基吡啶0.05份、二环己基碳二亚胺 0.01份、乙醚1份、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵10份、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸16份、去离子水35份;
S2:将4-二甲氨基吡啶、二环己基碳二亚胺加入乙醚中,搅拌至完全溶解,得复合催化剂,备用;
S3:将环己六醇支化剂、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸溶解于去离子水中,加入复合催化剂,70℃水浴搅拌反应2h,得反应液Ⅰ;
S4:向反应液Ⅰ中加入丙烯酰胺单体、甲基丙烯酸钠单体、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵,分散均匀并通氮驱氧,待反应体系中氧含量≤0.2%时,加入硝酸铈铵、偶氮二异丁腈引发聚合反应,控制反应温度为45℃,反应时间为4h,得反应液Ⅱ;
S5:向反应液Ⅱ中加入钛酸四丁酯,调节PH为5.0,65℃水解 1h,静置过夜,用浓度为18%氨水中和后,在真空度为-0.1MPa、温度为50℃的条件下,减压干燥至含水量≤2%,即得所述超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺。
实施例2
一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:按摩尔份计,备料:丙烯酰胺单体50份、甲基丙烯酸钠单体9份、环己六醇支化剂2.5份、钛酸四丁酯4份、硝酸铈铵0.3份、偶氮二异丁腈0.3份、4-二甲氨基吡啶0.15份、二环己基碳二亚胺 0.03份、乙醚1.5份、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵14份、顺丁烯二酸酐 20份、去离子水45份;
S2:将4-二甲氨基吡啶、二环己基碳二亚胺加入乙醚中,搅拌至完全溶解,得复合催化剂,备用;
S3:将环己六醇支化剂、烯键式不饱和阴离子单体溶解于去离子水中,加入复合催化剂,75℃水浴搅拌反应2.5h,得反应液Ⅰ;
S4:向反应液Ⅰ中加入丙烯酰胺单体、甲基丙烯酸钠单体、烯键式不饱和阳离子单体,分散均匀并通氮驱氧,待反应体系中氧含量≤ 0.2%时,加入硝酸铈铵、偶氮二异丁腈引发聚合反应,控制反应温度为58℃,反应时间为6h,得反应液Ⅱ;
S5:向反应液Ⅱ中加入钛酸四丁酯,调节PH为5.0,75℃水解 1.5h,静置过夜,用浓度为19%氨水中和后,在真空度为-0.1MPa、温度为55℃的条件下,减压干燥至含水量≤2%,即得所述超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺。
实施例3
一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:按摩尔份计,备料:丙烯酰胺单体60份、甲基丙烯酸钠单体12份、环己六醇支化剂3份、钛酸四丁酯6份、硝酸铈铵0.5份、偶氮二异丁腈0.5份、4-二甲氨基吡啶0.2份、二环己基碳二亚胺 0.05份、乙醚2份、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵18份、β-衣康酸单甲酯24份、去离子水50份;
S2:将4-二甲氨基吡啶、二环己基碳二亚胺加入乙醚中,搅拌至完全溶解,得复合催化剂,备用;
S3:将环己六醇支化剂、β-衣康酸单甲酯溶解于去离子水中,加入复合催化剂,80℃水浴搅拌反应3h,得反应液Ⅰ;
S4:向反应液Ⅰ中加入丙烯酰胺单体、甲基丙烯酸钠单体、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵,分散均匀并通氮驱氧,待反应体系中氧含量≤0.2%时,加入硝酸铈铵、偶氮二异丁腈引发聚合反应,控制反应温度为70℃,反应时间为10h,得反应液Ⅱ;
S5:向反应液Ⅱ中加入钛酸四丁酯,调节PH为5.0,85℃水解 1-2h,静置过夜,用浓度为20%氨水中和后,在真空度为-0.1MPa、温度为60℃的条件下,减压干燥至含水量≤2%,即得所述超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺。
实施例4
制备方法同实施例2,区别在于:所选用的烯键式不饱和阴离子单体为β-衣康酸。
实施例5
制备方法同实施例2,区别在于:所选用的烯键式不饱和阴离子单体为苯乙烯磺酸。
表1列出实施例1-5的性能指标:
降粘率测试试验:分别称取实施例1-5所得聚丙烯酰胺100g,加入蒸馏水中,配制成10g/L的聚丙烯酰胺驱油剂溶液,以初始粘度为350mPa.s的脱水脱气原油作为测试油样,称取5组测试油样,每组100g,依次加入配制出5种聚丙烯酰胺驱油剂溶液中,45℃水浴搅拌1h后,用旋转粘度计测定制备的5组稠油乳液,每隔2s,记录一次读数,记录50次,选取平均值μPa.s,按以下公式计算降粘率:降粘率/%=[(350-μ)/350]×100%。
由上表可知,本发明生产的超支化聚丙烯酰胺的粘均分子量介于 1500-2000万之间,降粘率高达95.5%,可作为驱油剂、调驱剂或调剖堵水剂使用。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节。
Claims (6)
1.一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:按摩尔份计,备料:丙烯酰胺单体40-60份、甲基丙烯酸钠单体6-12份、环己六醇支化剂2-3份、钛酸四丁酯2-6份、硝酸铈铵0.1-0.5份、偶氮二异丁腈0.1-0.5份、4-二甲氨基吡啶0.05-0.2份、二环己基碳二亚胺0.01-0.05份、乙醚1-2份、烯键式不饱和阳离子单体10-18份、烯键式不饱和阴离子单体16-24份、去离子水35-50份;
S2:将4-二甲氨基吡啶、二环己基碳二亚胺加入乙醚中,搅拌至完全溶解,得复合催化剂,备用;
S3:将环己六醇支化剂、烯键式不饱和阴离子单体溶解于去离子水中,加入复合催化剂,70-80℃水浴搅拌反应2-3h,得反应液Ⅰ;
S4:向反应液Ⅰ中加入丙烯酰胺单体、甲基丙烯酸钠单体、烯键式不饱和阳离子单体,分散均匀并通氮驱氧,待反应体系中氧含量≤0.2%时,加入硝酸铈铵、偶氮二异丁腈引发聚合反应,控制反应温度为45-70℃,反应时间为4-10h,得反应液Ⅱ;
S5:向反应液Ⅱ中加入钛酸四丁酯,调节PH为5.0,65-85℃水解1-2h,静置过夜,再氨水中和,减压干燥至含水量≤2%,即得所述超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烯键式不饱和阳离子单体包括甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烯键式不饱和阴离子单体包括2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、顺丁烯二酸酐、β-衣康酸单甲酯、β-衣康酸、苯乙烯磺酸中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氨水浓度为18-20%。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于,所述减压干燥的真空度为-0.1MPa,温度为50-60℃。
6.一种超支化两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺在油田开采中的应用,其特征在于:具体用于驱油剂、调驱剂或调剖堵水剂。
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