CN110089344A - A kind of no nutrient bag plantation hickory chick high-yield method - Google Patents
A kind of no nutrient bag plantation hickory chick high-yield method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110089344A CN110089344A CN201910425095.4A CN201910425095A CN110089344A CN 110089344 A CN110089344 A CN 110089344A CN 201910425095 A CN201910425095 A CN 201910425095A CN 110089344 A CN110089344 A CN 110089344A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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Abstract
The present invention relates to technical field of edible fungi cultivation more particularly to a kind of no nutrient bag to plant hickory chick high-yield method.Specific steps include build before canopy, sowing prepare, plough, auxiliary material preparation, sowing, fruiting period management etc., by the way that germinated wheat is added in auxiliary material, pass through the design of no nutrient bag, thus not needing in the case where putting nutrient bag in furrow face, solve the problems, such as the nutrition supply in Morciiella Esculeuta Mycelia growth and development process by disposable auxiliary material, realizing high yield and effectively shortening fruiting time and reduces living contaminants;By the combined use of black and white film, on the one hand can effectively inhibit weed growth, soil surface temperature is improved, on the other hand can promote a large amount of differentiation of fruit body primordium, guaranteed young mushroom survival rate, improve fruiting density, keep yield higher, shorten fruiting time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of edible fungi cultivation more particularly to a kind of no nutrient bag to plant hickory chick high-yield method.
Background technique
Hickory chick (Morchellaconica) also known as delicious hickory chick, are commonly called as sheep sparrow bacterium, sheep tripe dish, maize bacterium etc., press and divide
Class system is under the jurisdiction of Ascomycotina, Ascomycetes, Pezizale, Morchellaceae, morchella, is foremost rare in the world
Edible medicinal fungus it-.It is its delicious flavour, full of nutrition, fructification rich in protein, polysaccharide, nucleic acid, various trace elements with
And vitamin, wherein 7 kinds of essential amino acids for having human body to need, there is unique health-care effect, it is old and young all beneficial edible mushroom.?
China, the medicinal record of hickory chick start from the Compendium of Material Medica of Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.), " the sweet nontoxic, beneficial stomach, phlegm-eliminiating and qi-regulating of trembling with fear ", polysaccharide etc.
The main effective medicinal components of hickory chick, have enhancing immune function, antifatigue, anti-aging, antitumor, anti-mutagenesis, reducing blood lipid,
The multiple efficacies such as prevention of arterial hardening and flu.
Hickory chick cultivation in the prior art mostly uses nutrient bag to be planted greatly, and auxiliary material is first packed into nutrition before planting
Nutrient bag is stamped aperture again after then sterilizing and is placed in furrow face and completes to plant by bag, and the use of nutrient bag increases cultivation
Cost, and nutrient bag when putting and clearing up can a large amount of lost labors, and nutrient bag lay-by time it is improper also will cause it is big
Measure pollution microbes, the nutrient bag put occupies part land area, put the place of overnutrition bag again will not fruiting, therefore soil
Ground utilization rate is lower.Mulch in the prior art is all that colourless mulch is selected to be covered, and carrys out heat and moisture preserving, fruiting time compared with
Long, fruiting density is smaller, and yield is relatively low, in order to solve these defects in the prior art, needs the Planting to hickory chick
Culture method is advanced optimized.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of no nutrient bags to plant hickory chick high-yield method, solves hickory chick kind in the prior art
Plant method, plantation process is cumbersome, and at high cost, fruiting time is long, low output and unstable technical problem.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the specific technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of no nutrient bag plantation hickory chick high-yield method, includes the following steps,
(1) canopy is built, building 3 needle sunshade net heights of covering is 2.5-4 meters of greenhouses;
(2) prepare before sowing, a ploughs, and is sprinkled into lime disinfection;For b with parts by weight number scale, preparing auxiliary material includes wheat 55
Part, 25 parts of cork dust, 5 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of soybean powder, 3 parts of organic fertilizer, 2 parts and 2 parts of quick lime of plant ash, sterilization
It sterilizes spare;0.8-1.5 meters wide, high 10-15 centimetres of furrow are done, 15 centimetres wide, deep 6 centimetres of flat ditch is then dug in furrow;
(3) it sows, strain is sown in Ping Gouli, then covering weight is four times of strain of auxiliary material, earthing on strain
Centimetre;
(4) in furrow face surface middle part lay out, it is next laid with black mulch film in furrow face, is beaten in the middle part of black mulch film
Upper aperture, then the Small plastic shed that height is 30-60 centimetres is built in furrow face, white mulch is then covered on Small plastic shed;
(5) 10-18 DEG C of soil surface temperature is kept, 55-60 days, black mulch film is then torn, covers white mulch again,
Mushroom is urged by the watering of water band two days later, is punched at the top of white mulch after growing small mushroom, to fructification maturation, tears white ground
Film, increases significantly oxygen and light is coloured by fructification, harvests finished product.
Further, wheat described in step (2) is germinated wheat.
Further, (1) builds canopy, and building 3 needle sunshade net heights of covering is 3 meters of greenhouses;(2) prepare before sowing, do wide by 1
Then rice, high 15 centimetres of furrow dig 15 centimetres wide, deep 6 centimetres of flat ditch in furrow;(6) 15 DEG C of soil surface temperature of holding, 60
It.
Further, (5) cover white mulch again, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that first spray concentration is 0.1% two days later, and second
It urges mushroom by the watering of water band again.
Further, the disposable addition that is added to of auxiliary material is completed in step (3).
The utility model has the advantages that in the case where without putting nutrient bag in furrow face, being passed through by the design of no nutrient bag
Disposable auxiliary material solves the problems, such as the nutrition supply in Morciiella Esculeuta Mycelia growth and development process, realize high yield and effectively shortens
Fruiting time and reduction living contaminants;By the combined use of black and white film, thus on the one hand can effectively inhibit weed growth,
Soil surface temperature is improved, a large amount of differentiation of fruit body primordium on the other hand can be promoted, fruiting density is improved, makes yield more
It is high;By the use of germinated wheat to effectively improve the supply of vitamin B1, to keep whole fruiting time shorter, to save
About cost realizes increasing both production and income;By disposably completing the addition of auxiliary material, to reduce the probability of strain microbiological contamination during the growth process.
Specific embodiment
A kind of embodiment 1, no nutrient bag plantation hickory chick high-yield method, includes the following steps, selection of land, have a good transport service,
Gesture is smooth, nearly water source, breezy plot, then builds canopy, and building 3 needle sunshade net heights of covering is 2.5 meters of greenhouses;It is quasi- before sowing
It is standby, plough, first spread per acre 100 kilograms of quick limes carry out disinfection processing and adjust pH value, then plough deeply;Soil moisture content is kept
80% or so, if first to pour a water before the sowing of soil overdrying, allows soil moisture to reach 80% or so and sowed again, select
The parent species separated with more spores are carrying out production original seed and cultivar after purificating and rejuvenating three times.Because Morciiella Esculeuta Mycelia is grown
Speed is very fast, it is easy to and miscellaneous bacteria association, therefore the hickory chick strain of purity is high is selected to be planted.
Next prepare, prepare auxiliary material include 55 tons of wheat, 25 tons of cork dust, 5 tons of corn flour, 5 tons of wheat bran, soybean powder 3
Ton, 3 tons of organic fertilizer, 2 tons of plant ash and 2 tons of quick lime pull drain well out after first wheat foaming in advance 24 hours, then plus
Enter cork dust and the stirring of other auxiliary materials is primary, adds water and stir evenly and can pack.Auxiliary material is packed into high-pressure sterilizing pot and is carried out
Sterilizing, 100 degrees Celsius normal-pressure sterilization 8 hours, 121 degrees Celsius high pressure sterilization 2 hours, it is spare after cooling.
Then 0.8 meter wide, high 10-15 centimetres of several furrow are done in greenhouse, and 15 centimetres wide, 6 lis of depth is then dug in furrow
The flat ditch of rice;Strain is sown in Ping Gouli, then covering weight is four times of strain of auxiliary material on strain, 3 centimetres of earthing;Bacterium
Kind and supplementary product consumption ratio 1:4 are advisable.Every furrow can plant 3-4 row, 15 centimetres of every line space.
Next, in furrow face surface middle part lay out, it can the water band of infiltrating irrigation is carried out, to have supported fruiting pipe after bacterium
It manages spare;Next it is laid with black mulch film in furrow face, the small of 0.5 centimetre of spacing 40X40 cm diameter is beaten on black mulch film
Hole is conducive to air permeable humidity retaining, moreover it is possible to effectively control weed growth, then the Small plastic shed that height is 30 centimetres is built in furrow face, so
White mulch is covered on Small plastic shed afterwards, it is then that surrounding is compact with soil, play fixed insulation effect.
It is kept for 15 DEG C of soil surface temperature, 55 days, then tears black mulch film, cover white mulch again, lead to two days later
Water supply band water flowing is crossed, realizes that mushroom is urged in watering, watering time and irrigation amount can water according to soil temperature and humidity, and mushroom water is urged to pour
It pours thoroughly uniformly, soil moisture content is maintained at 95% or so, and 10 days after general watering, mycelia twists together to form former base, breaks up from former base
To the young mushroom stage is formed, have to the stabilization for keeping temperature and humidity, etc. former bases grow into after young mushroom be about to begin it is thin in white
It is punched on film, increases oxygen, it is mature to fructification as the growth of young mushroom gradually increases the density and moisturizing appropriate of punching,
White mulch is torn, oxygen is increased significantly and light is coloured by fructification, harvest finished product.
Embodiment 2, building 3 needle sunshade net heights of covering is 3 meters of greenhouses;Prepare before sowing, plough, first spreads 100 public affairs per acre
Jin quick lime carry out disinfection processing and adjust pH value, then plough deeply;Soil moisture content is maintained at 80% or so, if soil mistake
A water is first poured before dry sowing, allows soil moisture to reach 80% or so and is sowed again, the parent species of more spore separation is selected, passes through
After purificating and rejuvenating three times, production original seed and cultivar are being carried out.Because the Morciiella Esculeuta Mycelia speed of growth is very fast, it is easy to and it is miscellaneous
Bacterium association, therefore the hickory chick strain of purity is high is selected to be planted.
Next prepare, prepare auxiliary material include 27.5 tons of wheat, 12.5 tons of cork dust, 2.5 tons of corn flour, 2.5 tons of wheat bran,
It 1.5 tons of soybean powder, 1.5 tons of organic fertilizer, 1 ton and 1 ton of quick lime of plant ash, pulls out and drains after first wheat foaming in advance 24 hours
Moisture content is sealed 2-4 days, to wheat germination, is added in auxiliary material.Sugar in wheat can be improved by the wheat of germination
On the other hand content accelerates fruiting time by germinated wheat.Then cork dust is added and the stirring of other auxiliary materials is primary, then plus
Water, which stirs evenly, to be packed.Will auxiliary material be packed into high-pressure sterilizing pot in sterilize, 100 degrees Celsius normal-pressure sterilization 8 hours, 121
It is degrees Celsius high pressure sterilization 2 hours, spare after cooling.
Then 1.5 meters wide, high 15 centimetres of several furrow are done in greenhouse, then dug in furrow it is 15 centimetres wide, deep 6 centimetres
Flat ditch;Strain is sown in Ping Gouli, then covering weight is four times of strain of auxiliary material on strain, 3 centimetres of earthing;Strain and
Supplementary product consumption ratio 1:4 is advisable.Every furrow can plant 5 rows, 20 centimetres of every line space.
Next, in furrow face surface middle part lay out, it can the water band of infiltrating irrigation is carried out, to have supported fruiting pipe after bacterium
It manages spare;Next it is laid with black mulch film in furrow face, the small of 0.5 centimetre of spacing 40X40 cm diameter is beaten on black mulch film
Hole is conducive to air permeable humidity retaining, moreover it is possible to effectively control weed growth, then the Small plastic shed that height is 30 centimetres is built in furrow face, so
White mulch is covered on Small plastic shed afterwards, it is then that surrounding is compact with soil, play fixed insulation effect.
It is kept for 15 DEG C of soil surface temperature, 60 days, then tears black mulch film, cover white mulch again, two days later first
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate that spray concentration is 0.1% urges mushroom by the watering of water band again in second day, further shortens fruiting time, water
Time and irrigation amount can water according to soil temperature and humidity, urge mushroom water to irrigate uniformly, soil moisture content is maintained at 95%
Left and right, 13 days after general watering, mycelia twists together to form former base, from former base differentiation to the young mushroom stage is formed, has to keep temperature
With the stabilization of humidity, etc. former bases grow into after young mushroom to be about to begin and punched in white film, increase oxygen, with the life of young mushroom
The long density and moisturizing appropriate for gradually increasing punching tears white mulch to fructification maturation, increases significantly oxygen and light
It allows fructification to colour, harvests finished product.
In strain planting season, also may be selected in plantation strain while the neighbouring interplant of bean outside furrow.It is grown to by soybean
Sufficient oxygen is provided in entire greenhouse, and improves temperature, and provides nitrogenous fertilizer using the fixed nitrogen performance of soybean for mycelia growth.
Method using cultural method in the prior art, such as patent of invention, disclosed in the patent No. 2016100970100
As reference: test as follows, experiment is respectively adopted four common strains and carries out, and the plantation date is November 12 in 2018 respectively
Day and on November 15th, 2018;1600Kg is respectively adopted for nutrient bag amount and auxiliary material amount and 800Kg is tested.Experimental configuration is as follows
Shown in table 1, table 2, table 3 and table 4.
The hickory chick of plantation in table 1,2018 is without nutrient bag auxiliary material 1600Kg fruiting experiment rate schedule.
Hickory chick in 2018 is without nutrient bag fruiting experiment yield comparison table
The hickory chick of plantation in table 2,2018 puts nutrient bag auxiliary material 1600Kg fruiting experiment rate schedule.
Hickory chick in 2018 puts nutrient bag fruiting experiment yield pair
The hickory chick of plantation in table 3,2018 is without nutrient bag auxiliary material 800Kg fruiting experiment rate schedule.
Hickory chick in 2018 is without nutrient bag fruiting experiment yield comparison
The hickory chick of plantation in table 4,2018 puts nutrient bag auxiliary material 800Kg fruiting experiment rate schedule.
Hickory chick in 2018 puts nutrient bag fruiting experiment yield comparison
Above-mentioned sowing time, lay-by time, fruiting time are to record on the date.
It is compared by Tables 1 and 2, table 3 and table 4 it is found that being respectively in March, 2019 without using the fruiting time that nutrient bag is put
5 days and 1 day or so March in 2019, and use is without nutrient bag fruiting time, respectively on March 20th, 2019 and March 25 in 2019
Day or so, than using the 15 days or so early of nutrient bag, and harvest time compares the existing implantation methods using nutrient bag, in advance
Nearly 20 days or so;And in terms of yield, without using the planting patterns of the application of nutrient bag, the 1600Kg auxiliary material the case where
Under, four strains per mu yield is respectively in 904.6Kg, 1028.1Kg, 875.3Kg, 896.7Kg;And nutrient bag auxiliary material is used
Implantation methods in the prior art, control group yield is respectively 408.6Kg, 372.15Kg, 281.7Kg, 335.6Kg,
In the case where 800Kg auxiliary material, using technical scheme four strains per mu yield respectively 462.2Kg, 547.3Kg,
477.5Kg,502.1Kg;And using the yield of four strains in the prior art be respectively 277.3Kg, 301.6Kg,
249.4Kg,219.35Kg;It can be seen that the hickory chick yield that technical scheme is produced is obvious high under equal conditions
In in the prior art without the production method of nutrient bag.
By the design of no nutrient bag, to be solved in the case where not needing nutrient bag by disposable auxiliary material
The certainly nutrition supply problem in Morciiella Esculeuta Mycelia growth and development process, realize high yield and effectively shorten fruiting time and reduce miscellaneous bacteria
Pollution;By the combined use of black and white film, on the one hand can effectively inhibit weed growth, soil surface temperature is improved,
On the other hand a large amount of differentiation that can promote fruit body primordium ensure that young mushroom survival rate, improves fruiting density, makes yield more
It is high;By the use of germinated wheat to effectively improve the supply of vitamin B1, to keep whole fruiting time shorter;To save
About cost improves the yield and quality.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of no nutrient bag plants hickory chick high-yield method, it is characterised in that: include the following steps,
(1) canopy is built, building 3 needle sunshade net heights of covering is 2.5-4 meters of greenhouses;
(2) prepare before sowing, a ploughs, and is sprinkled into lime disinfection;For b with parts by weight number scale, preparing auxiliary material includes 55 parts of wheat, soft
25 parts of sawdust, 5 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of soybean powder, 3 parts of organic fertilizer, 2 parts and 2 parts of quick lime of plant ash, sterilizing
It is spare;0.8-1.5 meters wide, high 10-15 centimetres of furrow are done, 15 centimetres wide, deep 6 centimetres of flat ditch is then dug in furrow;
(3) it sows, strain is sown in Ping Gouli, then covering weight is four times of strain of auxiliary material, earthing on strain;
(4) in furrow face surface middle part lay out, it is next laid with black mulch film in furrow face, is stamped in the middle part of black mulch film small
Hole, then the Small plastic shed that height is 30-60 centimetres is built in furrow face, white mulch is then covered on Small plastic shed;
(5) 10-18 DEG C of soil surface temperature is kept, 55-60 days, then tears black mulch film, covers white mulch again, two days
Mushroom is urged by the watering of water band afterwards, is punched at the top of white mulch after growing small mushroom, to fructification maturation, tears white mulch, greatly
Amount increases oxygen and light is coloured by fructification, harvests finished product.
2. a kind of no nutrient bag according to claim 1 plants hickory chick high-yield method, it is characterised in that: in step (2)
The wheat is germinated wheat.
3. a kind of no nutrient bag according to claim 2 plants hickory chick high-yield method, it is characterised in that: (1) build canopy, build
Making 3 needle sunshade net heights of covering is 3 meters of greenhouses;(2) prepare before sowing, do 1 meter wide, then high 15 centimetres of furrow are dug in furrow
It is 15 centimetres wide, deep 6 centimetres of flat ditch;(6) 15 DEG C of soil surface temperature, 60 days are kept.
4. a kind of no nutrient bag according to claim 3 plants hickory chick high-yield method, it is characterised in that: (5) cover again
Upper white mulch, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that first spray concentration is 0.1% two days later urge mushroom by the watering of water band again in second day.
5. a kind of no nutrient bag according to claim 4 plants hickory chick high-yield method, it is characterised in that: in step (3)
The disposable addition that is added to of auxiliary material is completed.
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CN110313345A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-11 | 江苏馨野生态农业科技有限公司 | A method of shortening the hickory chick fruiting period |
CN111165264A (en) * | 2019-12-01 | 2020-05-19 | 云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所 | Morchella strain bag cultivation method |
CN111448941A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-07-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for planting morchella without placing nutrition bag |
CN112825731A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-05-25 | 湖南金芙农业科技有限公司 | High-yield cultivation method of morchella esculenta |
CN112931033A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-11 | 郭培荣 | Planting and placing method for reducing contamination rate of morchella nutrition packages |
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CN112931033A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-11 | 郭培荣 | Planting and placing method for reducing contamination rate of morchella nutrition packages |
US20230055502A1 (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2023-02-23 | Kunming Institute Of Botany, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Cultivation method of morchella without nutrient bag |
CN113615476A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-09 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Cultivation method of morchella |
US11925146B2 (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2024-03-12 | Kunming Institute Of Botany, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Cultivation method of Morchella without nutrient bag |
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CN114009455B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-09-27 | 迁西县燕山科学试验站 | Toadstool young mushroom protective clothing, preparation method and application thereof |
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CN116530361B (en) * | 2023-07-03 | 2023-09-15 | 内蒙古绿新园林绿化有限责任公司 | Greenhouse planting production method for Morchella in winter and spring |
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