CN110087932A - 具有操作钮的操作装置 - Google Patents

具有操作钮的操作装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110087932A
CN110087932A CN201780077162.7A CN201780077162A CN110087932A CN 110087932 A CN110087932 A CN 110087932A CN 201780077162 A CN201780077162 A CN 201780077162A CN 110087932 A CN110087932 A CN 110087932A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
operating
operating knob
side wall
operating device
knob
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN201780077162.7A
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English (en)
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CN110087932B (zh
Inventor
J·赫洛特
J·梅尔滕斯
I·雷德克尔
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有操作钮(18)的操作装置(14)，该操作钮相对于在背侧界定操作钮(18)的参考平面(19)作为三维凸起的实体(21)从该参考平面(19)延伸至钮高度(22)，操作钮(18)具有至少一个侧壁(23)，该至少一个侧壁在参考平面(19)与钮高度(22)之间相对于参考平面(19)以大于20°的角度延伸，该至少一个侧壁作为用于操作操作钮(18)的至少一根手指(41)的接触面。本发明提出，在侧壁(23)上设置有至少一个发光段(S)或像素矩阵(29)的发光出口(32)。

Description

具有操作钮的操作装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有操作钮的操作装置。操作钮例如可构造为旋钮，其例如是已知的并在机动车中用于调节温度或音量。
背景技术
由现有技术已知的操作钮例如可作为旋钮以说明的方式设置成用于转动调节，或者还例如设置为用于使滑动调节器移动的手持件，或者设置为用于指尖放到按键上的顶盖。因此，用操作钮指的是手持件或接触件，其设置成用于检测手指的转动运动或滑移运动或压按运动。操作钮通常由塑料制成，该塑料可覆盖有胶涂层以改善握持性。为了给用户提供关于当前转动状态的定向或向用户总地提供当前调节的参数值，操作钮可印有标记。然而，视觉标记是永久的并且与操作钮的单独的应用相匹配，例如调节音量或温度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于使得操作钮可在操作装置中通用。
该目的通过根据权利要求1的操作装置来实现。本发明的有利的改进方案通过从属权利要求、下文的说明以及附图来加以说明。
本发明提供了一种具有操作钮的操作装置，即，具有用手指握或抓住的钮或3D操作元件。于是，操作钮作为三维凸起的实体延伸，并且具有总钮高度。钮高度从参考平面开始测量，参考平面可被认为是操作钮的背侧，并且在背侧限定操作钮。操作钮从背侧延伸直至钮高度，此时在此处存在操作钮的前侧。操作钮具有在参考平面和钮高度之间竖立地或至少以大于20°、尤其大于45°的角度延伸的侧壁。侧壁以已知的方式用作至少一根手指的接触面，用户可用该手指握住或接触操作钮。为此，钮高度优选地大于2mm、尤其大于0.5cm或大于1cm，以便获得用指尖至少可感觉到的结构，尤其可握住或可围住的钮或把手。现在根据本发明设置成，侧壁具有至少一个发光段或像素矩阵的多个发光出口。发光段可通过以下方式呈现发光形态，即，发光段在接通的状态中发光。在此，发光段的发光形态表示出将在侧壁处显示的最终的自发光符号。因此，发光段的发光形态是恒定的或是不可控制的。相反，像素矩阵为多个发光像素的组合，它们可彼此独立地被单独操控，从而可以通过操控发光像素中的一些来决定发光形态。因此，发光形态或自发光符号在形态方面是可调节的。发光出口相应地代表用于发光段或像素矩阵的光从操作钮离开的出口区域。操作钮例如可以是柱状的或截锥状的。此时，柱体或截锥体的侧面是所述侧壁。这时，在侧壁处，发光形态或自发光符号或图案可借助于发光段或像素图案来显示或输出或呈现出来。
本发明的优点在于，可通过接通或切断至少一个发光段或像素矩阵的发光像素来调节操作钮的显现图像。
同样属于本发明的是可选的改进方案，通过该改进方案的特征得到附加的优点。
优选地，设置像素矩阵，并且像素矩阵设置成在侧壁处呈现出可通过像素数据预定的像素图案。因此，例如可以显示动画或时变的自发光的发光形态或相应的符号。
操作钮可设置或设计为零件，以用于安装在操作设备、例如机动车中。但是，改进方案还规定，所述参考平面在操作钮的背侧处通过基于像素的屏幕的包围操作钮的外表面形成。换句话说，操作钮安放在屏幕上或集成在屏幕中。于是，操作钮被屏幕的像素矩阵包围。由此得到的优点是，可呈现出连续的最终像素图形，其从侧壁延伸到屏幕。例如可显示出取向线或取向符号，其从侧壁伸展或延伸到屏幕的显示区域中。
特别优选的实施方式规定，屏幕和布置在屏幕处的操作钮被设计成一体。为此优选地设置成，屏幕的外表面基于板片、例如玻璃板片或塑料板片来提供，并且操作钮的侧壁同样也基于板片来提供，其方式式是：板片在操作钮的区域中具有隆起，其形成或呈现出操作钮。于是，板片具有隆起，其可被手指覆盖。板片例如可通过深拉而形成隆起，使得操作钮的3D形态延伸或上升到基于像素的屏幕的平面之上。屏幕本身的电子像素矩阵可以附加于板片本身地同样隆起，从而此时具有像素图案的像素图形可在侧壁的区域中简单地借助于屏幕的像素矩阵呈现出来，并且在此直接在侧壁处得到像素图案。具有发光像素的合适的像素矩阵例如可根据OLED技术(有机发光二极管，OLED–Organic Light Emitting Diode)或TFT技术(薄膜晶体管，TFT–Thin Film Transistor)来提供。
在技术上能可靠地实现板片的隆起，而根据用于像素矩阵的发光像素的技术，在使像素矩阵对应地隆起时则可能出现问题。因此，一改进方案设置成，屏幕的发光像素没有一起隆起，而是屏幕的发光像素布置在与参考平面平行的像素平面中。换句话说，仅仅使板片隆起，而不是使像素矩阵隆起。现在涉及到的是，将各单个发光像素的光从该发光像素引导到操作钮的侧壁的发光出口，即引导到发光出口。为此，操作钮的相应的发光出口于是相应与发光像素中的至少一个通过光导元件、例如光纤或玻璃纤维光学耦联。因此，通过光导元件可将发光像素的光朝发光出口引导。这尤其通过内反射实现，如在玻璃纤维中已知的那样。换句话说，在板片的隆起中布置有光导元件的束。因此可利用标准像素矩阵，以便还为倾斜布置的侧壁设置像素图案。
然而，优选地，至少一个发光段或像素矩阵拱曲到实体中或形成侧壁的外表面。换句话说，实体例如可由透明玻璃或塑料制成为拱曲的板片或中空形态，并且至少一个发光段或像素矩阵可以布置在实体的内壁处。至少一个发光段或像素矩阵还可布置在外部。这两种变体避免了在侧壁处的发光图案或像素图案的光学失真。
到目前为止，仅仅说明了操作钮的侧壁。在前侧处，即，与参考平面平行地在操作钮的与背侧相对而置的前侧处，优选地提供前显示面，其具有至少一个另外的发光段或像素矩阵的另外的发光出口。因此，此时得到的显示面作为平行地与参考平面错开钮高度的平面，在其中同样布置有发光出口。因此，此时与所述的屏幕错开地提供了相对于该屏幕更小的屏幕，其作为在操作钮的前侧的显示面。因此，可在操作钮的前侧处同样输出或显示出可借助于像素数据调节的显示面或显示内容。
作为另外特征，为了检测对操作钮进行操作的至少一根手指的转动运动(旋钮)和/或滑移运动(滑动调节器)和/或压按运动(按键)，操作钮可在侧壁处具有设计成触敏的和/或接近敏感的表面。要注意的是，转动运动首先涉及至少一根手指，而操作钮本身却可以静止不动。敏感表面可以本身已知的方式借助于传感器场，即，触摸板传感器矩阵形成。例如可设置电容式接近传感器，以提供敏感表面，如在触摸屏中已知的那样。同样，所说明的前显示面也可以被设计成触敏的。
操作装置的控制单元可设置成，借助于设计成触敏的和/或接近敏感的表面在侧壁处检测至少一根手指的滑动运动。因此，通过控制单元借助于触敏和/或接近敏感的表面，即，借助于其传感器场，识别滑动运动，例如当至少一根手指划过侧壁或沿着侧壁导引时出现该滑动运动。根据滑动运动确定路程值，其描述至少一根手指相对于侧壁的移动运动或转动运动。换句话说，确定沿着侧壁的滑动已经进行了多远。此时，根据路程值，例如可使像素图案在侧壁上移动路程值。换句话说，像素图案跟随手指的滑动运动。与环形件相结合，例如还可以借此在刚性环形件中光学地模拟转动。
操作钮并非必须是柱状或截锥状或立方体形的。一改进方案设置成，操作钮设计为环形件。因此，侧壁具有两个部分，即，环形件的环外壁的外置部分和环内壁的内置部分。此时，可在环外壁和环内壁之间存在作为在前侧的前显示面的圆。环形件具有的优点是，可借助于侧壁的设计成触敏和/或接近敏感的表面来区分在环外壁和环内壁处的接触。因此，可借助于操作钮在侧壁的不同的两个部分处检测转动运动和/或滑移运动和/或压按运动，并且因此控制不同的两种功能。
替代作为环形件的设计方案，可设置成，操作钮设计为按键条。按键条意指侧壁的设计为触敏的和/或接近敏感的表面分成多个按键区域或按键。因此，可同样通过唯一的操作钮同时实现多个功能的操作。替代具有多个按键的条，也可设置用于滑块的条。
为了将可操作功能的选项增加到两个以上，可进行以下设置。为此，控制单元附加地设置成检测在侧壁的调节区域中的滑动运动，例如在所述的环内壁或按键条的侧部处。于是在这里设置路程值。为此优选地设置成在侧壁的与调节区域不同的选择区域中检测另外的滑动运动。这例如可以发生在环形件外侧或环外壁处或发生在按键条处，横向地跨越所有按键。根据在选择区域中的滑动运动，从多个操作功能中选择或激活其中之一。因此，用户借助于在选择区域中的滑动运动来选取他想借助于操作钮调节或控制的操作功能。此时，根据在调节区域中的滑动运动将所述路程值设置为用于激活的操作功能的调节值。
使用三维成型的触摸屏的问题可能是缺乏触觉，例如缺乏咔哒感，借助于这种咔哒感可使用户能用手指判断其是否成功操作了操作钮。为此，根据一改进方案设置成，控制单元设置成触觉执行器，其根据至少一个检测到的滑动运动来操控操作装置，以产生操作钮的振动。所述振动可以是脉冲或颤动。因此，用户在没有看向至少一根手指的情况下感觉到其是否已经成功执行操作输入。
根据本发明的操作装置可以例如设置在机动车中。本发明还相应地包括机动车，其具有根据本发明的操作装置的实施方式。机动车优选地设计为汽车，尤其乘用车或载重车。
附图说明
下面说明本发明的实施例。为此，
图1示出了根据本发明的机动车的实施方式的示意性的图示；
图2示出了图1的机动车的操作装置的操作钮的立体视图的示意性的图示；
图3示出了图2的操作钮的截面视图的示意性的图示；
图4示出了操作钮的替代的设计方案的截面视图的示意性的图示；
图5示出了操作钮的另一替代的设计方案的截面视图的示意性的图示；
图6示出了作为按键条的操作钮的设计方案的立体视图的示意性的图示；
图7示出了图6的按键条在操作期间的立体视图的示意性的图示；
图8示出了按键条的替代的设计方案的截面视图的示意性的图示；
图9示出了作为环形件的操作钮的设计方案的立体视图的示意性的图示；
图10示出了图9的环形件在操作期间的立体视图的示意性的图示；
图11示出了操作钮的立体视图的示意性的图示，其设计为环形件；
图12示出了图11的环形件的截面视图的示意性的图示；
图13示出了具有发光段的操作钮的立体视图的示意性的图示；并且
图14示出了操作钮的立体视图的示意性的图示，其具有发光段并且设计为按键条。
具体实施方式
下文阐述的实施例为本发明的优选实施方式。在实施例中，实施方式的所述部分相应为本发明的可彼此独立地考虑的各个特征，其还相应彼此独立地改进本发明，并且因此也单独地或以不同于作为本发明组成部分示出的组合的方式扩展本发明。此外，所描述的实施方式还可以通过本发明的已经说明的特征中的另外特征来补充。
在附图中，功能相同的元件各自具有相同的附图标记。
图1示出了机动车10，其可为汽车，尤其为乘用车或载重车。机动车10可具有一个或多个车辆部件11、12，其可由机动车10的用户在车辆内部空间13借助于操作装置14来操作。车辆部件11例如可以是用于内部空间13的空调装置。另一车辆部件12例如可以是通风机和/或座椅运动机构。借助于操作装置14，用户可以产生用于控制车辆部件11的控制信号15。为此，操作装置14可具有触摸屏16，用户可以在触摸屏处执行操作输入。操作输入可以通过操作装置14的控制装置17在触摸屏16处检测到。控制装置17可根据所检测到的操作输入产生控制信号15。
但是，在操作装置14中，用户不必简单地在平的触摸屏16处执行操作。相反，在触摸屏16的区域中为用户提供有操作钮18，用户可以用手指握住该操作钮，从而用户得到在触摸屏16上提供的三维的集成的操作元件，例如转动调节器或摇杆。
图2示出了这种操作钮18的一个可能的实施例。始于由触摸屏16的透明的板片20形成的参考平面19，操作钮18的实体21凸出于参考平面19进入内部空间13中，直至钮高度22。因此，实体21具有侧壁23，并且以钮高度22的距离平行于参考平面19具有前侧24。侧壁23相对于板片16的表面法线N的斜度具有角度W，其优选地在0°至70°的范围中，尤其在0°至45°的范围中。
这时，在操作装置14中，例如可通过控制装置17不仅在触摸屏16本身上、而且在侧壁23上并且可选地在前侧24上相应地同样显示出像素图形。该像素图形可与在触摸屏16本身上的显示内容中的像素图形一致或相连贯。在图2中示例性地说明了在侧壁23处呈取向标记或符号或条带的形式的像素图案26可以如何显示出操作钮18的当前的虚拟的“转动位置”。在前侧24上例如可显示出当前调节的调节值27。
图3示出了如何在触摸屏16的板片20中提供扭头18。板片20例如可以通过深拉而具有操作钮18的形态。与板片20一起，例如还可具有传感器矩阵28，并且尤其具有像素矩阵29，其成形成具有可单独操控的发光像素29‘，或者具有隆起30。为了清除起见，仅仅为一些发光像素29‘设有附图标记。透过板片20，发光像素29‘的各个像素输出/像素出口32在光学上可以是不同的。
图4示出了一实施方式，在其中操作钮18可以作为单独的构件集成到触摸屏16中。在此，借助于可机械运动的支承部31、例如借助于杆或轴实现操作钮18相对于触摸屏16的相对运动。在操作钮18中可提供有像素矩阵29。在该实施例中，尤其可以省略触摸传感器28。
图5示出了仅需要使板片20弯曲或仅需要使之被设计成弯曲的，便能提供操作钮18。像素矩阵29可平行于参考平面19设计成平的。为了能够在像素矩阵29的各发光像素和操作钮18的像素输出32之间引导各发光像素的光，将光导元件33、例如玻璃纤维在钮18中布置在板片20与像素矩阵29之间的空腔34中，通过使光导元件定向而将像素矩阵29的各发光像素的光被引导到像素输出32。
触摸屏16也可以在操作钮18的区域之外同样具有弯曲的表面。此时，参考平面19为板片在操作钮18的区域中的假想的切向平面。
图6示出了如何替代旋钮提供按键条34作为操作钮18。按键条34可仿效摇杆，其具有独立的各个按键35。通过使像素矩阵29还延伸到侧壁23上，可在侧壁处显示出交替地或可交换的符号表达作为相应的像素图案26。
图7示出了如何实现在接触按键35(在图7中，这示例性地是左按键)时提供动画36，通过该动画可激活所选择的功能。还可以提供比按键35更多的操作功能，用户可通过擦拭式运动或滑动运动37在这些功能之间进行选择(所谓的转盘(Karussell))。因此，利用两个键35，如图6和图7所示，可以选择两个以上的操作功能。
图8示出了如何通过以下方式来可运动地设计按键条34，即，(类似于在图4的操作钮中的情况)，还将按键条34机械地可运动地支承在作为支承部31的轴或杆处。在此，为按钮杆34提供倾斜运动或杠杆运动。
图9示出了如何将操作钮18设计为环形件38。由此得到侧壁23，其具有环外壁39和环内壁40。
图10示出了用户可如何借此通过手指41在环外壁39处实施滑动运动42以借此选择将设定的功能，然后在环内壁40处通过手指41改变或调节所选功能的调节值27。在此，环外壁39是选择区域，而环内壁40是调节区域。
替代于此，还可针对环形件设置，同时调节两种不同的操作功能，例如在环内壁40处的温度和在环外壁39处的通风强度。
因此，在操作装置14中提供触摸屏16，其具有作为操作钮18的三维形状或三维实体21，操作钮的形状可相应于传统的机械式操作元件，例如转动调节器、拨动式按键或转动环形件。因此，用户无需在机动车辆10中摸索便能找到呈操作钮18的形式的操作元件，并且对其进行操作。
操作钮18还可以与触觉执行器A耦联，从而可以当检测到操作动作时通过振动给用户触觉反馈。如图4和图8所示，具有像素矩阵29的操作钮18也可以由由传统的操作元件通过以下方式制成，即，操作元件可被3D显示器覆盖，并且然后可以插装到触摸屏16上。
通过可触摸性和盲操作的可能性减少了驾驶员的注意力分散。通过在深拉板片20时一件式的制造，还得到更小的尺寸链，从而可以用更低的技术成本来满足公差。通过将操作钮18布置在触摸屏16中还得到节省空间的操作装置14。
此外，像素图形可以从操作钮18的3D操作元件至更浅/更平的触摸屏16无缝地连续地显示。此外，通过以下方式可经由触摸屏16实现外观布局，即，3D形态可在触摸屏16中被动画化，并且操作钮18可改变它的颜色或总地改变它的像素图案，并且还可调换分配的功能。例如，作为像素图案，可以显示波纹，其根据手指在表面上的滑动运动而移动。通过在侧壁上的像素图案的匹配性，还可使操作钮18在视觉上与激活的操作功能匹配。因此，空调的转动调节器可以具有不同于无线电设备转动调节器的外观。
如果像素矩阵29和触摸矩阵28直接布置在触摸屏16的板片20处，操作钮18可直接构造为在板片20上的一体的隆起30，如图3所示。借此得到3D触摸显示器。替代于此，如图4所示，平的或弯曲的主显示器16或主屏幕可以设有作为操作元件的单独的操作钮18，其中，操作钮18此时被覆盖自己的像素矩阵29，或者设计成具有自己的像素矩阵29。如果提供仅仅一个可变形的板片20，如图5所示，平的或弯曲的主显示器16可设有3D玻璃或触摸膜。直至像素矩阵29的中间空间34可被玻璃纤维33填充，以使平的像素矩阵29的发光像素29‘与操作钮的表面耦联，以便因此形成发光出口32。
图11示出了操作钮18，其可设计为例如在触摸屏上的平的环形件38。为此，图12示出了钮高度22可相比于环形件宽度如此设计，即，角度W可在0°至70°的范围中，并且钮高度22在2mm至5mm的范围中。
图13示出了如何替代像素矩阵而在侧壁23处提供发光段S。为此，图14示出了如何在按键条34的按键35上提供发光段S。例如，可通过接通和切断各发光段S来说明设备的切换阶段，如在图14的按键35中的一个中通过两个接通的发光段S和一个切断的发光段S‘说明的那样。
总之，示例示出了可如何通过本发明提供具有集成的3D操作形态的触摸显示器。

Claims (12)

1.一种具有操作钮(18)的操作装置(14)，该操作钮相对于在背侧界定操作钮(18)的参考平面(19)作为三维凸起的实体(21)从该参考平面(19)延伸至钮高度(22)，操作钮(18)具有至少一个侧壁(23)，该至少一个侧壁在参考平面(19)与钮高度(22)之间相对于参考平面(19)以大于20°的角度延伸，该至少一个侧壁作为用于操作操作钮(18)的至少一根手指(41)的接触面，其特征在于，在侧壁(23)上设置有至少一个发光段(S)或像素矩阵(29)的发光出口(32)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的操作装置(14)，其特征在于，所述像素矩阵(29)设置成在侧壁(23)上呈现出可由像素数据预定的像素图案(26)。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的操作装置(14)，其特征在于，参考平面(19)由基于像素的屏幕(16)的围绕操作钮(18)的外表面形成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的操作装置(14)，其特征在于，
以如下方式，使得所述屏幕(16)的外表面基于板片(20)提供并且所述操作钮(18)的侧壁(23)同样基于板片(20)提供：
板片(20)在所述操作钮(18)的区域中具有隆起(30)，该隆起表现为三维凸起的实体(21)。
5.根据权利要求3或4中任一项所述的操作装置(14)，其特征在于，像素矩阵(29)由屏幕(16)提供，像素矩阵(29)的发光像素(29‘)布置在与参考平面(19)平行的像素平面中，操作钮(18)的相应的发光出口(32)通过光导元件(33)相应与发光像素(29‘)中的至少一个光学耦联。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的操作装置(14)，其特征在于，所述至少一个发光段(S)或像素矩阵(29)拱曲到实体(21)中或形成侧壁的外表面。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的操作装置(14)，其特征在于，与参考平面(19)平行地，在操作钮(18)的与背侧相对而置的前侧(24)提供有与参考平面(19)错开钮高度(22)的显示面，该显示面具有至少一个另外的发光段(S)的另外发光出口或像素矩阵(29)的另外发光出口。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的操作装置(14)，其特征在于，为了检测至少一根手指(41)的转动运动和/或滑移运动和/或压按运动，所述侧壁(23)具有设计为触敏的和/或接近敏感的表面，操作装置(14)的控制单元(17)设置成，在侧壁(23)处检测至少一根手指(41)的滑动运动(37、42)，并根据滑动运动(37、42)确定至少一根手指(41)相对于侧壁(23)的移动运动或转动运动的路程值。
9.根据权利要求8所述的操作装置(14)，其特征在于，所述操作钮(18)设计为按键条(34)，触敏的和/或接近敏感的表面分成多个按键(35)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的操作装置(14)，其特征在于，所述操作钮(18)设计为环形件(38)，侧壁(23)具有在环外壁(39)处的外置部分和在环内壁(40)处的内置部分。
11.根据权利要求10所述的操作装置(14)，其特征在于，控制单元(17)设计成检测在侧壁(23)的调节区域(40)中的滑动运动(37、42)，在侧壁(23)的与所述调节区域(40)不同的选择区域(39)中检测另外的滑动运动，并根据在选择区域(39)中的滑动运动从多个操作功能中激活一个操作功能，并根据在调节区域(40)中的滑动运动的路程值为所激活的操作功能设定调节值(27)。
12.根据权利要求8至11中任一项所述的操作装置(14)，其特征在于，控制单元(17)设置成根据至少一个所检测到的滑动运动(37、42)来操控操作装置(14)的触觉执行器，以产生所述操作钮(18)的振动。
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