CN110074100A - It is a kind of the torrid zone Chinese pennisetum in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method - Google Patents
It is a kind of the torrid zone Chinese pennisetum in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110074100A CN110074100A CN201910353765.6A CN201910353765A CN110074100A CN 110074100 A CN110074100 A CN 110074100A CN 201910353765 A CN201910353765 A CN 201910353765A CN 110074100 A CN110074100 A CN 110074100A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tropical Chinese pennisetums in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, and this method is directed to the Chinese pennisetum that will be harvested in autumn, by spraying the mixed liquor of abscisic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in growth period, allows stem to be suitably dehydrated and enters suspend mode in advance.Formic acid solution disinfection is sprayed after cradling again, is put into hole after lashing, it can be safe storage 7 months.The difference of the present invention and existing preservation method of digging pit has at 4 points: one, 10~12 days Chinese pennisetums before present invention selection stops growing its advantage is that not only not interfered with the utilization in Chinese pennisetum year, but also can be shortened the winter storage time；Two, the present invention gathers in preceding field sprinkling abscisic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor in Chinese pennisetum, creates condition for the suspend mode in advance of Chinese pennisetum and safe overwintering；Three, the present invention uniformly sprays formic acid solution on Chinese pennisetum, guarantees that Chinese pennisetum is not easy to rot；Four, covering wet clay on the plastic film of the invention is conducive to buffer winter low temperature, prevents the generation of freeze injury.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tropical Chinese pennisetums in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, belongs to planting technology field.
Background technique
It develops animal husbandry, forage grass and feed is key, just be cannot be guaranteed without good forage grass and feed Modern Animal Husbandry.I
State is the country that plant-eating animal breeding stock is most in the world, and this requires enough soils to plant forage grass, but China is again
The extremely limited country of arable area causes the soil for planting high quality grass material also limited, and livestock and poultry cultivation fodder grass resource is not
Foot.This requires plant yield height, high-quality high quality grass as far as possible on the soil of limited area.Up to the present,
Chinese pennisetum from the torrid zone is generally acknowledged yield highest, the good herbage of nutritional quality, therefore expands its planting range, for solution
Certainly forage grass is insufficient, significant.
Chinese pennisetum (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) originates in Africa, is that one kind that China is introduced from foreign country is more
The excellent forage grass of year life, sustainable use 3~4 years.All large area is introduced a fine variety already for the provinces such as China Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hainan, effect
Fruit is good, and Chinese pennisetum has become one of most common excellent herbage of height of Perenniporia martius.Prove through years of practice, cut by blueness and
Ensiling feeding, the food grass livestock and poultry such as sheep, ox, rabbit, goose like edible Chinese pennisetum, other animals such as pig, fish be also delithted with it is edible, separately
Outside, Chinese pennisetum also becomes papermaking material, slope-protecting plant, energy-source plant and the material for extracting erythrocuprein, therefore it is China
The highly important herbage with high added value.Before 10 years, Chinese pennisetum is just used as good quality and high output herbage to be introduced into Henan Huang
Riffle area plantation, milk industry and mutton sheep for meeting booming produce needs, and utilizing status is relatively good.Pilot production proves,
Chinese pennisetum is suitable for vegetative propagation in Yellow River in Henan beach area, and growth is fast, and regeneration power is strong, can carry out multi-harvest every year, and yield is up to 4
It is~10t/ mus, horizontal close to south.But problem present on production is that the grass cannot be overwintering in Temperate Region in China, at present in production
The method of use is dig pit preservation method and cellar preservation method, and the effect that both methods saves Chinese pennisetum seedling stem is poor, wintering rate
30% hereinafter, so seedling stem must be purchased from south every year, cost is also high, influences the promotion and application of the grass.
Summary of the invention
Tropical Chinese pennisetum aiming at the problem that Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding technical deficiency, the present invention provides a kind of tropical wolf tail
Grass is directed to the Chinese pennisetum that will be harvested in autumn in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, this method, is fallen off by the sprinkling in growth period
The mixed liquor of acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate allows stem to be suitably dehydrated and enters suspend mode in advance.Formic acid solution disinfection is sprayed after cradling again,
It is put into hole after lashing, can be safe storage 7 months, Chinese pennisetum is fresh as before in hole after opening, in the average daily soil temperature of the next spring
It can be planted at 10 DEG C or more, survival rate is 90% or more after plantation.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
It is a kind of the torrid zone Chinese pennisetum in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, comprising the following steps:
(1) Chinese pennisetum close to harvest time is selected；
(2) fall off acid solution and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixing of 5000~5500ppm for being 100~120ppm by concentration
Afterwards, blade is carried out uniformly to spray；
(3) after spraying 1 day, blade will not shelled, the Chinese pennisetum progress flush with ground of point is stayed to cradle；
(4) formic acid solution of 2500~2700ppm is uniformly sprayed on Chinese pennisetum；
(5) 1 bundle is bundled by Chinese pennisetum every 50~60；
(6) and level of ground water higher in topography at 250cm lower than digging pit, in the saw of bottom paving 15~20cm thickness in hole
End, then the Chinese pennisetum tied up is put into hole, every hole is packed into 9~12 bundles；
(7) straw of 15~20cm thickness is covered on Chinese pennisetum bale, then covers layer of plastic film；
(8) moist clay of 30~40cm thickness is covered on the plastic film；
(9) normal soil is covered on clay, and hole is filled and led up and continues that heap goes out hemispherical mound on the ground with soil；It protects
7 months, hiding digs out in April, the 2nd and cuts section plantation.
10~12 days before stopping growing in step (1) close to harvest time for Chinese pennisetum.
Chinese pennisetum is 6000~7500 pieces/mu in step (1).
The dosage of abscisic acid is 10~20mg/ mus in step (2), and the dosage of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 200~300g/ mus.
The dosage of formic acid is 200~300mg/ mus in step (4).
The section cheated in step (6) is trapezoidal, upper side length 3m, lower side length 2.5m, cheats width 1.2m, cheats depth 1.6m.
The relative water content of moist clay is 70%~80% in step (8).
Preservation temperature is 7 DEG C or more in step (9).
Chinese pennisetum stalk water content is 80%~85%.
Chinese pennisetum length of blade is 45~55mm.
Abscisic acid (molecular formula are as follows: C15H20O4), auxin primarily serves promote Chinese pennisetum suspend mode herein, subtracts
Less in the metabolism for cradling, processing and being sealed early period, nutrient consumption is reduced.Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (molecular formula are as follows:
KH2PO4), it is common grass drying agent, Chinese pennisetum moisture loss before processing and storage can be promoted, while can be enhanced and fall off
The using effect of acid.Formic acid (molecular formula: CH2O2) it is fermentation inhibitor, it primarily serves eliminate in stalk surface and soil herein
Microorganism effect, reduce anaerobic fermentation of Chinese pennisetum stalk during storing in the winter, keep the germ-free condition of stalk, reduce stem
The consumption of energy in stalk.
The invention has the advantages that:
Field Chinese pennisetum is first sprayed abscisic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor by the present invention, then stalk is cradled, wolf tail
Grass blade stalk point must stay 50cm or so leaf above, then spray the formic acid for preventing fermentation, and every 50~60 Chinese pennisetums for being bundled into 1 bundle are put
Enter in hole, every hole is packed into 9~12 and ties, the sawdust of lower part paving 15~20cm thickness, the straw of upper cover 15~20cm thickness, then on straw
Plastic covering film covers clay on plastic foil.The difference of the present invention and existing preservation method of digging pit has at 4 points: one, the present invention selects
With 10~12 days before stopping growing Chinese pennisetums, its advantage is that not only not interfered with the utilization in Chinese pennisetum year, but also winter can be shortened
(if selection stops growing or approach 1-2 days before stopping growing Chinese pennisetums, the nutrition in stalk can reduce very storage time
More, especially many sugars are transferred to root, and sugar reduction influences whether overwintering)；Two, the present invention gathers in preceding field in Chinese pennisetum
Abscisic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor are sprayed, is created condition for the suspend mode in advance of Chinese pennisetum and safe overwintering；Three, of the invention
The formic acid solution that 2500ppm is uniformly sprayed on Chinese pennisetum guarantees that Chinese pennisetum is not easy to rot；Four, the present invention is in plastics
The moist clay that 30~40cm thickness is covered on film is conducive to buffer winter low temperature, prevents the generation of freeze injury.
The Chinese pennisetum that the present invention stores second year take out it is fresh as before, field cuttage plantation after, survival rate exists
90% or more, and healthy seedlings, production cost reduce by 50% or more, save about more than 1000 yuan of production cost per acre.The present invention
Method high-efficiency environment friendly, strong operability is easy to spread in production, is conducive to expand agronomic value.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
It is a kind of the torrid zone Chinese pennisetum in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, material therefor includes: Chinese pennisetum stalk, chemical reagent
And plastic film；Chemical reagent includes: abscisic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and formic acid, and dosage is respectively as follows: 10mg/ mus, 200g/ mus
With 200mg/ mus, in use, 3 kinds of chemical reagent are dissolved into water respectively, be made into the acid solution that falls off, the 5000ppm of 100ppm
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2500ppm formic acid solution, sprayed；Specifically includes the following steps:
(1) 10~12 days Chinese pennisetums before selection stops growing；
(2) it after mixing the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of fall off acid solution and the 5000ppm of 100ppm, carries out blade and uniformly sprays
It spills；
(3) after spraying 1 day, blade will not shelled, the Chinese pennisetum progress flush with ground of point is stayed to cradle；
(4) formic acid solution of 2500ppm is uniformly sprayed on Chinese pennisetum；
(5) it is bundled into 1 bundle by Chinese pennisetum every 60, too long of stalk can be folded into 2 sections；
(6) and level of ground water higher in topography spreads the sawdust of 15cm thickness in the bottom in hole lower than digging pit at 250cm,
The Chinese pennisetum tied up is put into hole again, every hole is packed into 12 bundles；The section in hole is trapezoidal, upper side length 3m, lower side length 2.5m, hole
Wide 1.2m cheats depth 1.6m；
(7) straw of 15cm thickness is covered on Chinese pennisetum bale, then covers layer of plastic film, and Chinese pennisetum and straw are use up
It is tight that amount wraps up in packet；
(8) clay that covering 30cm thickness and relative water content are 75% on the plastic film；
(9) normal soil is covered on clay, and hole is filled and led up and continues that heap goes out hemispherical mound on the ground with soil.
Embodiment 2
It is a kind of the torrid zone Chinese pennisetum in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, material therefor includes: Chinese pennisetum stalk, chemical reagent
And plastic film；Chemical reagent includes: abscisic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and formic acid, and dosage is respectively as follows: 15mg/ mus, 250g/ mus
With 250mg/ mus, in use, 3 kinds of chemical reagent are dissolved into water respectively, be made into the acid solution that falls off, the 5200ppm of 110ppm
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2600ppm formic acid solution, sprayed；Specifically includes the following steps:
(1) 10~12 days Chinese pennisetums before selection stops growing；
(2) it after mixing the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of fall off acid solution and the 5200ppm of 110ppm, carries out blade and uniformly sprays
It spills；
(3) after spraying 1 day, blade will not shelled, the Chinese pennisetum progress flush with ground of point is stayed to cradle；
(4) formic acid solution of 2600ppm is uniformly sprayed on Chinese pennisetum；
(5) it is bundled into 1 bundle by Chinese pennisetum every 60, too long of stalk can be folded into 2 sections；
(6) and level of ground water higher in topography spreads the sawdust of 20cm thickness in the bottom in hole lower than digging pit at 250cm,
The Chinese pennisetum tied up is put into hole again, every hole is packed into 12 bundles；The section in hole is trapezoidal, upper side length 3m, lower side length 2.5m, hole
Wide 1.2m cheats depth 1.6m；
(7) straw of 20cm thickness is covered on Chinese pennisetum bale, then covers layer of plastic film, and Chinese pennisetum and straw are use up
It is tight that amount wraps up in packet；
(8) clay that covering 30cm thickness and relative water content are 80% on the plastic film；
(9) normal soil is covered on clay, and hole is filled and led up and continues that heap goes out hemispherical mound on the ground with soil.
Embodiment 3
It is a kind of the torrid zone Chinese pennisetum in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, material therefor includes: Chinese pennisetum stalk, chemical reagent
And plastic film；Chemical reagent includes: abscisic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and formic acid, and dosage is respectively as follows: 20mg/ mus, 300g/ mus
With 300mg/ mus, in use, 3 kinds of chemical reagent are dissolved into water respectively, be made into the acid solution that falls off, the 5500ppm of 120ppm
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2700ppm formic acid solution；The specific steps are the same as those in embodiment 1.
Reference examples
Traditional Chinese pennisetum winter storage method has 2 kinds, dig pit preservation method and cellar preservation method.
1, it digs pit preservation method.Level of ground water is selected to be lower than 2.5m, the higher place of topography is dug the hole of depth 1.5m, repaved
The straw or sawdust of 10cm thickness will not shell blade and the Chinese pennisetum of point stayed to be put into hole with 50 for a bundle, and each hole is packed into 10
~15 bundles.If weather is too dry, it need to spread water when filling hole and drench, 20~30cm of lid straw or lid plastic film, then with 20~
The covering of 30cm soil, storage temperature are controlled at 10~12 DEG C, are dug out April to second year and are cut section plantation.
2, cellar preservation method.Chinese pennisetum stalk point is stayed into 50cm or so leaf above, with 50 a bundle, be directly placed into ground
Cellar, can be chopped to two sections to longer plant, be tied with plastic film wrapping, place into cellar preservation, the thickness of stacking is not
Preferably more than 50cm, after second year March, then it is cut into one section of a bud, for cultivating.
Nutrient component determining
Nutritional ingredient of the present invention to Chinese pennisetum stalk after saving 7 months is measured, the results are shown in Table 1.
Under 1 different embodiments of table Chinese pennisetum nutritional ingredient with cradle before comparison
* note: it is significant (P < 0.05) to mark different lowercase letter indication differences after same column data, similarly hereinafter.
As shown in Table 1, the nutritional ingredient before Chinese pennisetum cradles: thick protein, crude fat, nitrogen-free extracts, crude fibre and
The content of coarse ash was respectively 18.07%, 1.75%, 40.68%, 28.04% and 10.51%, with preservation of the present invention 7 months
Chinese pennisetum items nutritive index difference afterwards is not significant.
Field trial
Test is single-factor Random Design, shares 5 processing of Y-1, Y-2, Y-3, Y-4 and Y-0, wherein Y-2, Y-3, Y-
4,3 handle the method that 1-3 of the embodiment of the present invention is respectively adopted, and Y-0 and Y-1 are control, respectively with preservation method and the cellar of digging pit
Preservation method, each processing are arranged 4 repetitions and count the wintering rate (table of Chinese pennisetum by winter-spring season preservation in 7 months by a definite date 2 years
2) it, and in spring average daily soil temperature is planted at 10 DEG C or more, counts the survival rate (table 3) of Chinese pennisetum after cuttage.By table 2,3 it is found that
2 controls are all remarkably higher than using the processing group wintering rate and survival rate of the method for the present invention, wintering rate and survival rate are 90%
More than.
The wintering rate (%) of Chinese pennisetum after 2 preservation of table 7 months
* note: data are mean+SD in table.
The survival rate (%) of Chinese pennisetum after 3 cuttage of table
* note: data are mean+SD in table.
Economic benefit calculation
1,1 mu of good Chinese pennisetum forage grass field, the stalk amount for needing to store are built
1 mu of good Chinese pennisetum forage grass field is built, needs 3500 section of stalk, about 160 kilograms；
If needing to store 623.05 kilogram (160,000 per acre to guarantee is smoothly overwintering using traditional preservation method of digging pit
Gram/25.68%) Chinese pennisetum.It is all survived to seedling after guaranteeing cuttage, then needs to store 736.21 kilogram (623.05 per acre
Kilogram/84.63%) stalk of Chinese pennisetum.
If needing to store 546.26 kilogram (160,000 per acre to guarantee is smoothly overwintering using traditional cellar preservation method
Gram/29.29%) Chinese pennisetum.It is all survived to seedling after guaranteeing cuttage, then needs to store 626.30 kilogram (546.26 per acre
Kilogram/87.22%) stalk of Chinese pennisetum.
If, to build good Chinese pennisetum forage grass field, guarantee is smoothly overwintering to need to store per acre using the method for the present invention
Hide the Chinese pennisetum of 175.65 kilograms (160 kilograms/91.09%).It is all survived to seedling after guaranteeing cuttage, then needs to store per acre
The stalk of 191.44 kilograms of (175.65 kilograms/91.75%) Chinese pennisetums.
2,1 mu of good Chinese pennisetum forage grass field, the required cost of storage are built
If needing to store 736.21 kilograms, 1 kilogram of stalk of every storage needs fee of material using traditional preservation method of digging pit
0.15 yuan, 2.63 yuan of labour cost, expense amounts to 2.78 yuan, amounts to 2046.66 yuan；
If needing to store 626.30 kilograms, 1 kilogram of stalk of every storage needs fee of material using traditional cellar preservation method
0.12 yuan, 2.97 yuan of labour cost, expense amounts to 3.09 yuan, amounts to 1935.27 yuan；
If needing to store 191.44 kilograms of stalks using the method for the present invention, 1 kilogram of stalk of every storage needs reagent expense
1.25 yuan, 0.25 yuan of fee of material, 3.16 yuan of labour cost, expense amounts to 4.66 yuan, amounts to 892.11 yuan；
So build 1 mu of good Chinese pennisetum forage grass field, if using the method for the present invention, than traditional cellar preservation method with
And preservation method of digging pit, 1043.16~1154.55 yuan of the cost of storage are saved respectively, save the cost 53.90%~56.41%.
Above it was found that, the winter storage method of Chinese pennisetum of the invention in Temperate Region in China have the advantage that first is that
It is at low cost.Materials are convenient, and investment is few；Second is that of good preservation effect.By preservation in 7 months, nutritional ingredient did not almost have in stalk
Have an impact, with cradle before compare, without significance difference away from；Third is that wintering rate is high.With traditional dig pit preservation method and cellar preservation method
It compares, saves 1043.16~1154.55 yuan of the cost of storage per acre, save the cost 53.90%~56.41%.This method investment
Few, management is simple, and the Chinese pennisetum of suitable enterprise and peasant household, which is planted, to be used.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of torrid zone Chinese pennisetum is in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Chinese pennisetum close to harvest time is selected；
(2) after the potassium dihydrogen phosphate for fall off acid solution and the 5000~5500ppm for being 100~120ppm by concentration mixes,
Blade is carried out uniformly to spray；
(3) after spraying 1 day, blade will not shelled, the Chinese pennisetum progress flush with ground of point is stayed to cradle；
(4) formic acid solution of 2500~2700ppm is uniformly sprayed on Chinese pennisetum；
(5) 1 bundle is bundled by Chinese pennisetum every 50~60；
(6) and level of ground water higher in topography spreads the sawdust of 15~20cm thickness in the bottom in hole lower than digging pit at 250cm,
The Chinese pennisetum tied up is put into hole again, every hole is packed into 9~12 bundles；
(7) straw of 15~20cm thickness is covered on Chinese pennisetum bale, then covers layer of plastic film；
(8) moist clay of 30~40cm thickness is covered on the plastic film；
(9) normal soil is covered on clay, and hole is filled and led up and continues that heap goes out hemispherical mound on the ground with soil；Preservation 7
It a month, is dug out in April, the 2nd and cuts section plantation.
2. torrid zone Chinese pennisetum according to claim 1 is in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, which is characterized in that step (1)
In close to harvest time be Chinese pennisetum stop growing before 10~12 days.
3. torrid zone Chinese pennisetum according to claim 1 is in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, which is characterized in that step (1)
Middle Chinese pennisetum is 6000~7500 pieces/mu.
4. torrid zone Chinese pennisetum according to claim 1 is in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, which is characterized in that step (2)
The dosage of middle abscisic acid is 10~20mg/ mus, and the dosage of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 200~300g/ mus.
5. torrid zone Chinese pennisetum according to claim 1 is in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, which is characterized in that step (4)
The dosage of middle formic acid is 200~300mg/ mus.
6. torrid zone Chinese pennisetum according to claim 1 is in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, which is characterized in that step (6)
The section in middle hole is trapezoidal, upper side length 3m, lower side length 2.5m, cheats width 1.2m, cheats depth 1.6m.
7. torrid zone Chinese pennisetum according to claim 1 is in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, which is characterized in that step (8)
The relative water content of middle moist clay is 70%~80%.
8. torrid zone Chinese pennisetum according to claim 1 is in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, which is characterized in that step (9)
Middle preservation temperature is 7 DEG C or more.
9. torrid zone Chinese pennisetum according to claim 1-8 is in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, which is characterized in that
Chinese pennisetum stalk water content is 80%~85%.
10. torrid zone Chinese pennisetum according to claim 9 is in Temperate Region in China winter fresh hiding method, which is characterized in that Chinese pennisetum
Length of blade is 45~55mm.
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