CN1100708C - 可堆垛拼装货箱 - Google Patents

可堆垛拼装货箱 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1100708C
CN1100708C CN99100614A CN99100614A CN1100708C CN 1100708 C CN1100708 C CN 1100708C CN 99100614 A CN99100614 A CN 99100614A CN 99100614 A CN99100614 A CN 99100614A CN 1100708 C CN1100708 C CN 1100708C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
base
wallboard
container
clip
plate
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN99100614A
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English (en)
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CN1227181A (zh
Inventor
N·罗森费尔特
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Clip Lok International Ltd
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Clip Lok International Ltd
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Publication of CN1227181A publication Critical patent/CN1227181A/zh
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    • B65D9/00—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of wood or substitutes therefor
    • B65D9/32—Details of wooden walls; Connections between walls
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    • B65D9/38—Metal bands or strips
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于批量储运水果等新鲜农产品的可堆垛式拼装箱。该箱由底座和六块可叠成一垛并铰接成封闭箱壁的壁板构成。多个脱扣式夹扣可将底座和箱壁在装立和折叠两种情况下夹牢。这种货箱可在装立或折叠时堆垛到一起。位于壁板角边上沿和对应的在底座的座脚上形成的壁板定位结构通过斜坡面互相接触使壁板上边沿被推向内与对应的定位部位接合。

Description

可叠垛拼装货箱
本发明涉及一种堆垛式拼装箱，具体说，涉及一种主要用于大批量储运水果等新鲜农产品(但不仅限于此)的可叠垛拼装货箱。
包装新鲜水果是很费钱的，而只能用一次就废弃的包装箱就更浪费。许多水果进口国强制要求由水果供应商负责处理那些水果包装物。
本发明的目的是提供一种既可重复使用又能在叠起和装立两种状态下皆可堆垛的拼装式散装水果箱。这种货箱坚固耐用足以承受反复使用及装立、折叠时的使用不当，特别是堆垛时的粗野操作。
本发明的方案之一是提供一种可叠垛拼装货箱，包括底座、壁板、铰链和底座夹扣，其中底座包括支撑于底脚上的基板，铰链将壁板连接成封闭的组合箱壁，并可使壁板折叠成垛，底座夹扣可脱开地在装立和折叠两种状态下将组合箱壁夹持到底座，所述拼装货箱可在装立和折叠两种状态下堆垛，并且包括沿壁板的顶部工作面设置的上板自动对齐和货箱支撑装置，和设置在底座上的互补下板自动对齐装置，当装立的货箱堆垛在另一货箱顶部时下箱的上板自动对齐和货箱支撑装置与上箱的下板自动对齐装置相配合并窝坐其内，其中上板自动对齐和货箱支撑装置包括壁板汇聚装置，各装置形成有一个向下和向外倾斜的接触面，并朝组合箱壁的外角定位，下板自动对齐装置包括在底脚上的互补角部稳定凹进部分，各凹进部分包括向上和向内倾斜并靠近凹进的朝外垂直角部面的对应悬垂角部接触面，从而汇聚装置和角部稳定凹进部分的配合使得下箱的壁板的上边角被向内汇聚成与上箱的底脚上的互补角部稳定凹进部分牢固嵌合并对齐，其中壁板汇聚装置包括限定向下和向外斜角接触面的加强插入件，角部稳定凹进部分包括限定悬垂角部接触面的对应加强插入件。
上壁板定位支撑件位于组合壁板的外角部，而下壁板定位件包括座脚上对应的角部凹进部分。
上壁板定位件为多个，每件都有一个向外下方倾斜的斜角接触面，下壁板定位件是多个对应的定位装置，每个上面都有一个向内上方倾斜的斜角接触面，因而这两种接触面的接合使壁板上沿被推向内与对应的定位装置紧密贴合。
该货箱还设有保持底座夹扣，系留在底座上的固定装置。
底座夹扣基本上为L形脱扣式弹簧夹，其下端为转轴端，被固定在基板上的夹扣限位装置里，而其上端具有一个向内的弯边，用以嵌入靠近壁板下沿的水平槽口中，并可从中退出。
座脚的外角面上装有角部加强支架，其上部各内弯边构成底座夹紧机构，该弯边可嵌入壁板上靠近下角部的水平槽口内。
支架下部向内伸出突缘，达到角部凹进部分并成为下定位结构的一部分。
本发明的方案之二是提供一种可叠垛拼装货箱，它包括一个底座、多块壁板、铰链和多个底座夹扣，其中底座由基板和支撑基板的座脚组成；铰链将壁板连接成封闭的组合箱壁并可使壁板折叠成垛，底座夹扣是可脱开式的，可在装立和折叠两种状态下将组合壁板和底座夹持到一起；这里的铰链由第一页板和第二页板用一个枢轴结构铰接在一起构成，页板用紧固件装于相邻的两块壁板的外表面上，每块页板都在端部形成向内突出的弯边，它们插进相邻壁板的对应的槽口内，这种结构可在壁板外张情况下减小由向外作用于壁板上的力引起的作用于紧固件上的剪应力。
枢轴结构相对于组合箱壁角部的外表面向内凹进，使枢轴的中轴线位于相邻壁板的内工作面的交界处，因而枢轴和页板的外面之间形成向内成斜角的连接腹板或叫内伸指板。
铰链的第一和第二页板上，各开有至少一个可装紧固件的开孔，孔的周围设有环状保护凸台，枢轴包括一个铰链销轴和多个从腹板分出并卷绕在销轴周围的指状钩。
本发明的拼装货箱为两件箱，即所有箱上的零部件不是装于底座上就是装在组合箱壁上，典型的用于定位折叠成垛的组合箱壁的定位结构设在底座上。
至少在其中一块侧壁板上装有悬垂碰板，以便底座夹扣骑跨其上把组合箱壁夹持在底座上。
货箱中间水平装设可折叠隔架也为一可选装置。
本发明的另一种形式是在座脚上装上滑枕并使其全部窝坐在下边的货箱内。
附图说明：
图1所示为本发明的第一个实施例的货箱装配状态的立体视图；
图2所示为图1中的一个壁板铰链的正视图；
图3所示为图1中的一个角部铰链沿3-3面剖切的剖面视图；
图4所示为从图1所示的货箱底部的一角仰视局部立体图；
图5所示为图1所示货箱的底座和壁板的局部剖面图，示出了夹持底座和壁板的夹扣结构；
图6所示为图1所示货箱拆散状态叠装在一起的俯视立体图；
图7所示为本发明的第二个实施例的货箱装配状态的立体视图；
图8所示为图7所示货箱拆散状态叠装在一起的立体视图；
图9所示为图7和图8中所示货箱处于装立半程时的立体视图；
图10所示为构成图7所示货箱顶角部分的一个铰链和一对壁板定位结构的细部立体图；
图11所示为图10中沿11-11剖切的铰链截面图；
图12所示为一对图7所示装立完成的货箱堆垛在一起的局部截面图；
图13所示为图7所示之货箱底座的一角之仰视立体图；
图14所示为图8所示的拆散叠装在一起的多个货箱堆垛在一起的局部剖视图；
图15所示为本发明的第三个实施例的装配状态顶视图；
图16所示为图15中所示的第三个实施例的货箱之托盘部分的侧视图；
图17所示为本发明设有隔板架的第四个实施例货箱的局部侧视图；
图18所示为图17之隔架的俯视图。
图1所示本发明之第一个实施例中，所述的货箱10包括一个底座12，六个装于底座下的座脚14和一个组合箱壁16。组合箱壁16包括三对相向而立的壁板18，20和22。所有壁板由铰链24和弹簧夹扣26彼此铰接在一起。壁板的上沿位于货箱各角的部分由固定在壁板上的金属加强板28覆盖着。壁板上在箱角处靠近其下边沿开有水平槽口30。壁板弹簧夹扣26成直角形，其结构可与接近壁板边沿的竖槽31扣紧和脱开。弹簧夹扣26的一端借助铆钉或类似件固定到其中一块壁板上。
图2和图3中更详细地示出了铰链24的结构，图2中的24A是用于壁板20和22中间的铰链，而图3中的铰链24B是角部铰链。如图3所示，铰链的每一扇页都是双边结构，以便借助铆钉34将壁板夹住并固定其上。每一铰链的两个外边板设有园环形凸起35包围着铆钉34，且凸起高于铆钉头用以保护铆钉不被损坏。图3中还示出了铰链销轴36，它偏离壁板中心而位于壁板缺口37内，这样可使铰链相对于壁板的外表面内凹从而避免损坏。
底座12可在图6中看得更清楚，组成底座的平面基板38每边开有两个缺口40用以在装立货箱10的垂直方向通风。各座脚之间的空间可使90毫米高的举升叉从四个方向自由进出。
如图5所示，基板38上缺口40之间位于壁板20和22的下边部分切出台阶41，其宽度与壁板20和22的厚度相对应，以致于货箱装立时，壁板下沿正位于台阶凹处。这个结构将台阶41的立面41A作为止推面，使铰接在一起的壁板20和22的内表面紧贴其上以防装立的货箱的铰接壁板向内折进。
图4中所示的座脚14的构成如下：压制的木脚块42以镙钉固定到基板38上，因而易于更换。图4还示出脚块42的外表面要收进去略大于货箱壁板厚度的距离。脚块42的下面装有一个凸台44，是由坚固的塑料制成的。如图6中所示的基板38的上表面在对应于每个座脚14的正上方制成窝座46，货箱拆散状态互相叠垛时，凸台44正好坐在窝座46上。更重要的是货箱角部的各个座脚，皆包上成直角形的支架48，它的下部向内折成定位边50并紧贴脚块的缩进边51上，支架的上部的向内弯边52嵌入壁板下边的槽口30，它们也可互相脱开。
基板38的下边设有坚硬的木滑枕54以减轻叉车举升对货箱底部的损坏。将基板38与组合箱壁16固紧到一起的是支架48上的弯边52和图5中所示的弹簧夹扣56。由铰链式结构58将夹扣56装到货箱基板38上。这个铰链式结构是一块张口限位板59，它带有一个限位脚59A伸进到基板上开的槽59B中。弹簧夹扣的卷曲端被扣在限位脚59A的后面，可如铰链一样转动。夹扣自由端内弯脚56B，以与夹扣26同样的方式可脱开地扣在壁板20和22上的槽口60里面。
为了将图1所示的装立状态货箱拆散，在货箱底座上壁板20和22邻接处施压，使壁板与底座台阶41脱开，弹簧夹扣26的上部被撬离其所在槽口31，从而使货箱角部的壁板彼此松开。同样弹簧夹扣56脱出槽口60。铰接在一起的组合箱壁的壁板20和22，脱出底座台阶41后，彼此接近并将两块壁板18也拉到一起成为一叠，叠垛在一起的壁板置于底座上，如图6所示用可脱开式夹扣56夹住最上面一块壁板，从而将叠垛在一起的全部壁板与底座固定到一起。重新装出拆散了的货箱的程序与上述程序相反。
实际使用中，两个或更多的装货的货箱叠垛在一起是将在上货箱的底脚缩进部分51落座于货箱角部边沿的加强件28内，从而使堆垛在一起的上下货箱不会相对侧向移动。用后的货箱按上述方式拆散成图6所示之折叠状态，并将其置于另一折叠货箱上，上箱座脚下的凸台44坐于下箱基板上的窝座46内也是为了防止堆垛在一起的货箱在搬运过程中发生侧向错位。
本发明的这个实施例中，所有货箱壁板都是用由抗蒸煮的fenal甲醛树脂胶合且双面涂以改良型高密度酚醛树脂膜的胶合板制成。涂膜使胶合板变硬，更耐磨和耐冲击，而且在美化了货箱外观的同时，也防止潮气渗入表面。壁板的边沿用环氧树脂漆封严。经上述方法处理的货箱的部件可承受相当高的温度并且可以用蒸汽来清洗以便重复使用。
图7所示货箱70是本发明的第二个实施例，它包括底座72，6个装到基板上的座脚，以及组合箱壁74，它由成对布置的6块壁板78A和78B，80A和80B，82A和82B组成。角部铰链84和连接相邻壁板80A和82A，80B和82B的内折壁板铰链86将各壁板连接在一起。为了定位和加强金属板件，用铆钉固定在货箱角部壁板的上沿以及壁板78A和78B的上沿中间部分。在壁板上设有水平的角部槽口90，中部夹扣槽口92以及整齐排列的通风槽口93。在基板72上也类似地开有通风槽口93A。
角部铰链84和定位加强板在图10和12中表示的更清楚。角部铰链84是由一对金属板制做的铰链页板96和98构成。向内弯折的铰链钩爪100端部卷成环形以装入铰链销轴102。铰链的每扇页板都有一个与页板96和98成直角向内伸入的端部104，嵌入到壁板上对应的槽口106内。铰链页板96和98由铝铆钉108固定到相邻的壁板82A和78B上，并在其上做出防护园环凸台110铆钉最外露部分铆钉头沉卧其中以防搬运过程中损坏。
铰链销轴102偏离壁板中心，位于壁板82A和78B的内表面82A1和78B1的交叉点上以便使壁板拆叠成一垛。这是因为在每块壁板上开有防护矩形缺口114。向内弯折的钩爪100贴靠在切角的底边116上形成了缺口。端部104具有释放应力的重要作用，当铰链84受到向外的作用力时，这些作用力不仅通过铆钉108作用到壁板上具有较小承力面积的铆钉孔上，而且通过页板弯角端部104作用于槽口106的内表面从而分散了这些作用力。这样就维持了铰链的功能及保持其位置不变，既使有个别铆钉损坏或者完全松脱了也一样。由于铰链页板96和98分别固定在壁板78B和82A的外表面78B2和82A2上面所以能更好地吸收向外的压力和来自117方向的冲击。而将铰链96和98装到壁板的内表面78B1和82A1上，就没有上述那种效果，但通常用的正是这种铰链，其铰链页板固定在彼此折叠到一起的壁板上。
图10和图12清楚地表示出用铆钉112A把金属板制的定位和加强组件88铆接到货箱相邻壁板角部的顶沿上，铆钉头位于凸起的保护环形结构110A的内部。定位和加强组件88为U型，有一个与水平方向呈约20。角的向外下方倾斜的接触面119，它与壁板上相对应的切角顶沿120紧贴在一起。
脚座74与定位加强结构121以类似方式配合在一起，后者是角部支架122的最下部分，木镙钉124将支架122与基板72和座脚的每一角固定到一起。座脚74的外侧凹进处126，其内凹距离稍大于货箱壁板厚度，凹进部位126的上部形成向外和向下倾斜的悬垂顶边128，从而可使对应定位加强结构121的向内上方倾斜接触面130置入其中。由图12可清楚看到当上货箱垛到下货箱上时，壁板定位件的斜面116和130对下箱壁板的上沿产生如箭头131所示方向的向内压力。在下货箱的各个角皆这样被推向内，所以既使初垛放时错位稍大于一个壁厚也可由斜坡接触面130和116的作用逐渐对正。侧壁板78A和78B中间的加强定位件88同样由于用镙钉固紧的侧边支架131A作用被拉向内，支架131A具有与图12所示完全相同的向上向内斜的接触面，定位件使角部铰链84免受向外压力。
图8所示是拆散状态下的货箱，可解开的L形弹簧夹扣132用于将货箱的组合箱壁76与底座72夹紧。成对设置的碰板113A和113B用铆接方式装于壁板78A两个对边的外表面上。
图9所示为拼装货箱72的组合壁板76正在被折叠到一起。基板72上开有扇形通风切口134，还做出台阶136，位于壁板80A，82A，80B和82B装立成箱时的正下方。角部支架和侧边支架皆有向内弯边分别是138和140，货箱装立时位于对应的槽口90和92内将底座和组合箱壁夹单。图13中座脚74上设有凸台142，货箱拆散状态下堆垛时该凸台坐在对应的环形凹座144内。
可用下面所述方法将图7中所示的装配货箱拆散：将杆式工具146的L形端部插到夹扣132的鼓起的插入口94B和相邻壁板之间，把夹扣的弯边132A从槽口92中撬出，处于图9所示的脱扣位置。将壁板80A、82A，80B和82B抬高，使它们的下边沿脱离台阶凹部136，而主壁板78A和78B也与支架弯边90和92脱离，这时向里推动壁板，将使组合壁板76折成图9所示的双M形，然后，把组合壁板堆放到基座72的上面，将弹簧夹扣132向上推进去，使弯边132A骑跨在L形碰板113A和113B的立板150的外面。
碰板113A和113B设有一固定端152，其前端有一弯边154，它钩在壁板78A的对应的槽156中。同样有一个弯边158从立板150伸出，在货箱如图7所示装立时，这个弯边位于壁板80A和80B的外表面的对应的槽口160内。当货箱折叠成垛时，弯边158从对应槽口脱出，如图9所示。碰板113A覆盖了组合壁板侧边的不规整堆垛外形，又能使弯边132A沿碰板立板150的光滑外表面滑动而夹紧。碰板在两腿150和152交界164处设有一对凸起162，这对小凸起具有限制作用，限制图8中所示的弯板132A保持在碰板腿152的上边面上。碰板腿152上有一个铆钉孔，其周围有防护环形凸台166。
参见图9，基座74上设有4个容纳凸台的窝座168，它们用于容纳装于壁板78B上的角部铰链84上的环型凸台110。窝座168可防止折叠的组合箱壁76在基座72上滑动。同时，它们还可使组合箱壁与底座对齐，以保证碰板113A同可脱开夹扣132上下对准。
图14所示为一垛拆散的货箱70A，70B，70C和70D，折叠后的组合箱壁76的高度h1稍小于座脚74的85毫米高的h2，这样，堆放在上面的拆散货箱以其凸台142坐在其下货箱对应的因形窝座144内，上箱的基座正好骑跨在下箱折叠的组合箱壁上。由于凸台142窝坐于下箱对应的凹座144内，从而降低了堆垛状态的有效全高h3，这样装叠的每个货箱的有效高度降低了一个凸台142的高度(10毫米)。这样拆散叠装的20个货箱的总高仅2.1米。凸台142由尼龙材料制成并具有光滑表面。它的最大优点是最下面那个货箱的凸脚142A，在负荷表面上滑动时，磨擦阻力远小于木块74。这样，当叉车的叉子误叉在货箱上时，由于凸脚的作用，货箱很容易在负荷表面上滑动，而不致于被叉子穿透箱壁，这种情况，在没有这种滑动凸脚的重货箱或堆成垛的货箱是很容易发生的。
本发明的另一种形式如图15和16所示。当要求堆垛起来的货箱具有更大的稳定性以便装到运送带、平板卡车或类似运输工具上时，用一对相互平行的滑枕170来代替凸脚，滑枕用镙钉固定到三排最外边的角座74上。这样的滑枕170坐到其下的基板72上自然增加了堆垛高度。滑枕的侧面和端头皆突出于角座，以便在装立状态时紧靠在下箱的上部开口内。滑枕的顶边上开出倒角172，使带轮之手推叉车易于插进。
如图15所示，基板72上装有4个C形夹扣夹持板174，它的作用是以图4和图5中所示的夹持板一样把可脱开夹扣132的卷环端夹档住。
图17和图18所示为进一步改进型货箱，它装有中间隔架176。隔架176由两块可折叠的板176A和176B通过平铰链178铰接在一起。隔架由一对木制档块支撑，如图中180所示，用镙栓将其固紧到壁板78A和78B里面中间位置。隔架176A和176B的自由端设有凸舌182也用作隔板的支撑，它们可稳固地插进壁板80A，82A，80B和82B上相应高度上所开的水平槽内。加装隔架便于运输那些当堆放高度大于货箱一半时即易于擦伤的水果。图8所示堆装件中不包括隔架。而是在运输折叠拼装箱时，将大约20个隔架单独摆放到一个装立的货箱里。
本发明所述的货箱，由于它的铰链结构，角部支架和侧边支架以及加强定位板而非常坚固。货箱在拆散和装立两种状态下的可堆垛性及坚固性，使其可以很方便地在拆散和装立两种状态下反复运输使用。此外，该货箱形式上是两部分组成，没有零散件，从而消除了运输过程中错放的可能性。

Claims (10)

1.一种可叠垛拼装货箱，包括底座、壁板、铰链和底座夹扣，其中底座包括支撑于底脚上的基板，铰链将壁板连接成封闭的组合箱壁，并可使壁板折叠成垛，底座夹扣可脱开地在装立和折叠两种状态下将组合箱壁夹持到底座，所述拼装货箱可在装立和折叠两种状态下堆垛，并且包括沿壁板的顶部工作面设置的上板自动对齐和货箱支撑装置，和设置在底座上的互补下板自动对齐装置，当装立的货箱堆垛在另一货箱顶部时下箱的上板自动对齐和货箱支撑装置与上箱的下板自动对齐装置相配合并窝坐其内，其中上板自动对齐和货箱支撑装置包括壁板汇聚装置，各装置形成有一个向下和向外倾斜的接触面，并朝组合箱壁的外角定位，下板自动对齐装置包括在底脚上的互补角部稳定凹进部分，各凹进部分包括向上和向内倾斜并靠近凹进的朝外垂直角部面的对应悬垂角部接触面，从而汇聚装置和角部稳定凹进部分的配合使得下箱的壁板的上边角被向内汇聚成与上箱的底脚上的互补角部稳定凹进部分牢固嵌合并对齐，其中壁板汇聚装置包括限定向下和向外斜角接触面的加强插入件，角部稳定凹进部分包括限定悬垂角部接触面的对应加强插入件。
2.根据权利要求1的可叠垛拼装货箱，其中设置安装装置用于当底座夹扣在装立或折叠状态下不与壁板配合时将底座夹扣松弛并铰接地夹持于底座上，底座夹扣包括L形的脱扣式弹簧夹扣，各夹扣具有一个夹持在底板的夹扣限位装置内的下转轴端和一个终止于面向内的弯边的上端，该弯边可脱开地与向壁板的下边形成的水平槽口配合，夹扣限位装置包括延伸进底板的槽和一靠近槽口并安装到底板的限位板，限位板包括延伸进槽口的限位弯边，底座夹扣的转轴端具有一个外卷装置，该外卷装置设置成骑跨松弛地夹持在槽口内的弯边的最内边上。
3.根据权利要求1的可叠垛拼装货箱，其中底脚的外角面有角部加强支架，该支架形成有构成底座夹紧机构的上部向内弯边，该夹紧机构与朝壁板的下角边形成的水平槽口配合。
4.根据权利要求3的可叠垛拼装货箱，其中角部加强支架形成有下部向上和向内伸的突缘，该突缘延伸进角部凹进部分并构成对应的加强插入件。
5.根据权利要求1的可叠垛拼装货箱，其中该拼装货箱是一个两部分货箱，底座夹紧机构包括板连接部件和侧壁夹扣接纳槽口，当在装立或折叠状态下板连接部件不与侧壁的夹扣接纳槽口配合时板连接部件保持装在底座上。
6.根据权利要求1的可叠垛拼装货箱，其中在底座上设有定位装置用于在装立状态定位封闭的组合箱壁。
7.根据权利要求1的可叠垛拼装货箱，其中在一或多块侧壁板上装有悬垂碰板，用于使底座夹扣的向内弯边骑跨碰板的外表面以在折叠状态下将组合壁板夹持到底座。
8.根据权利要求1的可叠垛拼装货箱，其中包括一个将货箱水平隔开的可折叠的中间隔架。
9.根据权利要求1的可叠垛拼装货箱，其中底脚装有完全窝坐于下箱内的滑枕。
10.根据权利要求7的可叠垛拼装货箱，其中碰板为L形，各碰板具有一个设置成适应组合箱壁的侧边的不规则堆叠轮廓的自由脚和安装到侧壁板上的固定脚。
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