CN110037170A - A kind of grassland weeds class pellet and preparation method thereof and device - Google Patents
A kind of grassland weeds class pellet and preparation method thereof and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110037170A CN110037170A CN201910253305.6A CN201910253305A CN110037170A CN 110037170 A CN110037170 A CN 110037170A CN 201910253305 A CN201910253305 A CN 201910253305A CN 110037170 A CN110037170 A CN 110037170A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
- A01F29/005—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like for disintegrating and cutting up bales of hay, straw or fodder
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
- A01F29/02—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like having rotating knives with their cutting edges in a plane perpendicular to their rotational axis
- A01F29/04—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like having rotating knives with their cutting edges in a plane perpendicular to their rotational axis with feeding direction transverse to axis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
- A01F29/09—Details
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
- A23N17/005—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs for shaping by moulding, extrusion, pressing, e.g. pellet-mills
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
- A23N17/007—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs for mixing feeding-stuff components
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of grassland weeds class pellet, includes weeds and concentrated feed, and the feed is prepared by following weight part ratio raw material, and 60 parts -80 parts of weeds, 40 parts -20 parts of concentrated feed, 15 parts -17 parts of moisture, 0-2 parts of mineral salt.Miscellany grass particle feed of the present invention is compared with existing conventional feed, the corn dregs of rice, wheat bran, dregs of fat ingredient drop to 40% or so from accounting for 60% or more, cost is at 0.6-0.8 yuan/kilogram, cost reduces by 50% on year-on-year basis, remove labor wage, charges for water and electricity, space expenses etc., profit increases by 30% or so, and single weight gain in sheep 56 days is more than 3.5kg.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of feed processing, and in particular to grassland miscellany grass feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
In forage grass and feed production practices, main tame forage grass has the grass family such as silage corn, barley and clover, red
The several cultivars of the pulse families such as beans grass, fodder grass application value height, stable yield are that the main feed of feeding domestic animals and fowls comes
Source, its cultivate production cost and management cost herd naturally relatively it is higher, although and herd that cost is relatively low naturally, still
Extensive management, and limited by natural causes such as weather, seasons more, have the characteristics that " it is thin that the spring sends out the summer and autumn fertile winter ", meets shortage
Then there is the damaed cordition of the large quantities of death of livestock in the severe cold winter of feed.Stable breeding drylot feeding is settled down even realizing, often again
That there is no fodder grasses is insufficient, grows grass and feeds, fecaluria pollution and tramples and waste the serious phenomenon of forage grass.And the composite family of natural grasslands,
The grassland such as Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae miscellany grass area is wide, type is more, reserves are huge, and being only used as Continous grazing forage at present makes
With drylot feeding and supplementation are substantially unutilized, the weeds class of field and beanpod, the melon in field be climing, vegetable shoots, leaf etc.
Potential fodder grass source is not used sufficiently always yet, the processing such as is often burned, is buried, abandoning and slatterning.
Summary of the invention
At high cost for traditional cultivation herbage in the prior art, herding naturally is influenced by weather, a large amount of miscellany grass feeds
The technical issues of waste cannot be efficiently used, applicant are intended to provide a kind of grassland weeds class pellet and its preparation
Method and preparation facilities are studied and are tested by many years, develop the miscellany grass particle feed of suitable size and ingredient, the feeding
Material is not easy mouldy, and nutrient can satisfy growth of animal needs, reduce concentrated feed and use, by the utilization rate of miscellany grass
It is improved with usage amount, solves miscellany grass Utilizing question and alleviate problem of environmental pollution, have adjusted natural pasture winter summer forage
Uneven situation has wide applicability in agriculture and animal husbandry cultivation field.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a kind of grassland weeds class pellet, in percentage by weight, packet
60%-80% containing roughage and concentrated feed 20%-40% compounding, total water content is according to 15% to 17% control, wherein thick
Feed using miscellany grass, miscellany grass refer to desert, steppificated desert, the grassland miscellany grass in temperate steppe and field,
The herbage with feeding value that afforestation forest band, aquaculture area periphery, reservoir canal side are grown, does not include artificial pasture and biography
The herbage grown in system mowing pasture.
In the present invention, corn 35%-42%, dregs of beans 17%-22%, wheat bran 19%-22%, the dregs of fat are contained in concentrated feed
14%-18%, mixing and sour calcium 5%, salt 0.8%, soda 1.2%.
Miscellany grass of the invention be preferably Chenopodiaceae, composite family, Cyperaceae, Amaranthaceae, Urticaceae, Liao Ke one or more,
Either for field beanpod, melon is climing, one of vegetable shoots, leaf or two kinds.
In grassland weeds class pellet provided by the invention, in percentage by weight, the miscellany grass that roughage is selected
Contain alfalfa 20%, grass family cuckoo grass 30%, reed 20%, Chenopodiaceae miscellany grass 30%.
The sour calcium used in the present invention: winter domestic animal is fed in circle, and winter sun is fewer so domestic animals are easy to appear
Calcium deficiency phenomenon is so storing to family for " column changed " of adding some points in pellet supplements calcium.
The mixing used in the present invention, i.e. selection multivitamin, including vitamin C, vitamin B1, B2, B6, dimension life
Plain E, vitamin A are two or more in vitamine D3.
Preferably, feed final finished ingredient of the present invention is miscellany forage 80%, cornstarch 10%, the dregs of fat 5%, wheat
Bran 4%, block salt 1%；The 15%-17% moisture that feed final finished quality is added is formed.
Preferably, feed final finished ingredient of the present invention is miscellany forage 75%, broken wheat slag 10%, wheat bran 10%, clover
Powder 5%；The 15%-17% moisture that feed final finished quality is added is formed.
Preferably, final finished ingredient of the present invention is miscellany forage 60%, alfalfa meal 10%, bean powder 10%, the dregs of fat
10%, block salt 2%, cotton leaf slag 8%.
Further, the present invention provides a kind of grassland weeds class pellet suitable for feeding sheep, according to weight percent
Meter is compounded according to the roughage of miscellany grass 70% and 30% concentrated feed, and total water content is according to 15% to 17% control, wherein
Concentrated feed accounts for 40% by corn, and dregs of beans accounts for 17%, and wheat bran accounts for 22%, and the dregs of fat account for 14%, and mixing and sour calcium account for 5%, and salt accounts for
0.8%, soda accounts for 1.2%.
The present invention provides a kind of grassland weeds class pellet suitable for feeding fish and presses in percentage by weight
According to miscellany grass, 61% roughage and 39% concentrated feed compounding, total water content is according to 15% to 17% control, wherein essence is raised
Material accounts for 35% by corn, and dregs of beans accounts for 22%, and wheat bran accounts for 19%, and the dregs of fat account for 17%, and mixing and sour calcium account for 5%, and salt accounts for 0.8%,
Soda accounts for 1.2%.
The present invention provides a kind of grassland weeds class pellet suitable for feeding ox, in percentage by weight, according to
The roughage of miscellany grass 60% and 40% concentrated feed compounding, total water content is according to 15% to 17% control, wherein concentrated feed
42% is accounted for by corn, dregs of beans accounts for 19%, and wheat bran accounts for 18%, and the dregs of fat account for 14%, and mixing and sour calcium account for 5%, and salt accounts for 0.8%, Soviet Union
It beats and accounts for 1.2%.
The preparation method of grassland weeds class pellet provided by the invention, including crushing, mixing and preparation
Grain, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the miscellany grass harvesting after will be solid, hay moisture≤14% after sunning can bundling it is spare.
(2) the dry miscellany grass of sunning will be transported back and is crushed to length less than≤0.5 centimetre.
(3) it is successively thoroughly mixed into premix barrel after raw material being weighed according to configuration proportion, mixes rear defence
Tide saves particle to be pressed.
(4) water is added in the premixing feedstuff of step (3) to stir evenly, is suppressed into tablet press structure, after compacting
1 centimetre -4 centimetres of particle size.
(5) particle suppressed dry in the air it is cold, pack, avoid high temperature scald and it is mouldy.
In the preparation method of grassland weeds class pellet provided by the invention, the harvesting of miscellany grass, Chenopodiaceae, composite family, Sha
The selection of the lower vegetations such as careless section, Amaranthaceae harvests in 6-9 month；Urticaceae, Liao Ke etc. are tall and big, and Plant choosing 6-7 month harvests；Vegetation
Group average height > 20 centimetre, vegetation coverage > 50% are excellent with florescence and productive phase.The height for the stubble left > 6 centimetre are cradled, are kept away
Exempt from recovery data harvesting before May, while when productive phase harvests in the fall, the vegetation for retaining a part of area is left kind
With guaranteeing that plant kernel is full, mature landing.
In the preparation method of grassland weeds class pellet provided by the invention, i.e., (3) and (4) of above-mentioned technical step
In, the mixed measurement moisture of the different feeds of compressed granulate is in 15-17%, and can also estimate: hand clutches fist after grabbing material
It unclamps again.It clutches fist and refers to that seam there are flowing out, then plus dilutional hyponatremia；After unclamping fist, material can not scatter bulk, then plus water
It is very few；After unclamping fist, flowing water, holding bulk do not scatter for suitable moisture material.
In the present invention, device used in the weeds class method of preparing pellet feed of grassland, including disintegrating mechanism, sunning mechanism,
Mechanism and tablet press structure are premixed, the disintegrating mechanism is connect with sunning mechanism, and sunning mechanism and premix mechanism pass through biography
Band connection is sent, premix mechanism discharge port is connect with tablet press structure.
In the present invention, device used in the weeds class method of preparing pellet feed of grassland, the disintegrating mechanism top is equipped with one
Group crushing tooth, crushing tooth are located at miscellany grass entrance lower part, and crushing tooth has the first Disintegrating knife, phase under the first Disintegrating knife
It adapts to be equipped with the second Disintegrating knife, the first Disintegrating knife is arranged on sieve plate, and sieve plate two sides are equipped with vibration spring, and sieve plate is divided into
There is transmission auger；Transmission auger outlet end is connected with sunning mechanism, and the sunning mechanism is inclined conveyer belt, and conveyer belt is
Reticular structure, conveyer belt bottom are equipped with hot air pipe, and conveyer belt top is equipped with wind deflector, and conveyer belt one end is mutually fitted with transmission auger
It should be arranged, the setting of conveyer belt other end is equipped with stirring rod inside premix mechanism feeding inlet, premix mechanism, premixes in mechanism
Portion is equipped with fine fodder and mouth and sparge pipe is added, and premix mechanism discharge port is connected with tablet press structure, sets inside tablet press structure
There is compacting auger, tablet press structure tail portion is equipped with compacting hole, is equipped with cutter outside compacting hole, cutter are by speed regulating motor
It drives.
Tablet press structure in the present invention is squeezed out feed from compacting hole by compacting auger high-pressure extrusion, after extrusion
It is rotated and is cut off using motor-driven cutter, the length of cutting is adjusted by motor speed.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that:
1, miscellany grass particle feed of the present invention is compared with existing conventional feed, and the corn dregs of rice, wheat bran, dregs of fat ingredient are from accounting for
60% or more drops to 40% or so, and for cost at 0.6-0.8 yuan/kilogram, cost reduces by 50% on year-on-year basis, removes labor wage, water
The electricity charge, space expenses etc., profit increase by 30% or so.Equipment input cost is greatly reduced after the second year that puts into production, profit
Rate is further high.
2, the edible plants in field, corner canal side, hollow hillside fields are all changed into feed by the present invention as much as possible
Resource, realizing turns waste into wealth and energy conservation.Meanwhile in herbage harvesting, transport, processing, sale links, can solve
Certainly rural area part Labor Transfer is obtained employment, in addition, taking 0.2 yuan/kilogram, 0.3 yuan/kilogram of freight charges, processing charges according to herbage harvesting
0.2 yuan/kilogram can also directly increase peasants and herdsmen's income.Improve the previous waste miscellany grass in farming and pastoral area everywhere bad existing
As beautification has purified that rural environmental hygiene is clean and tidy, promotes the implementation of the strong rural area strategy to revitalize of rural area beauty, Nong Minfu, agricultural.
3, the present invention is largely using the grassland such as Yi Li thin,tough silk wormwood artemisia, ceratoides latens, prairie sagewort, oak-leaved goosefeet, reed miscellany grass and field
Irrigation canals and ditches edge do not utilize herbage, improve herbage utilization rate, realize " grow grass it is short feed, short grass essence feed " science raising mould
Formula reduces forage grass waste, and improves sheep speed of weight increment, and single weight gain in sheep 56 days has been above 3.5kg, due to this hair
The miscellany grass area distributions of bright selection are wide, resource reserve is big, harvesting transport convenience, can substitute most of clover, blueness well
The fodder grasses such as corn are store, land resource, water resource has been saved, has protected natural resources and ecological environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is apparatus structure schematic diagram used in grassland weeds class method of preparing pellet feed of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is stirring rod structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Miscellany grass ratio and concentrated feed ratio of the present invention refer to pellet sense organ when Fig. 3 concentrated feed uses embodiment six
Mark the response surface figure influenced.
Miscellany grass ratio of the present invention and moisture content influence pellet organoleptic indicator when Fig. 4 concentrated feed uses embodiment six
Response surface figure.
Concentrated feed ratio of the present invention and moisture content influence pellet organoleptic indicator when Fig. 5 concentrated feed uses embodiment six
Response surface figure.
Miscellany grass ratio and concentrated feed ratio of the present invention influence sheep gain in weight when Fig. 6 concentrated feed uses embodiment six
Response surface figure.
The response surface that miscellany grass ratio of the present invention and moisture content influence sheep gain in weight when Fig. 7 concentrated feed uses embodiment six
Figure.
The response surface that concentrated feed ratio of the present invention and moisture content influence sheep gain in weight when Fig. 8 concentrated feed uses embodiment six
Figure.
Miscellany grass ratio and concentrated feed ratio of the present invention are to pellet organoleptic indicator's shadow when Fig. 9 concentrated feed uses embodiment nine
Loud response surface figure.
The sound that miscellany grass ratio of the present invention and moisture content influence pellet organoleptic indicator when Figure 10 concentrated feed uses embodiment nine
Answer face figure.
The sound that concentrated feed ratio of the present invention and moisture content influence pellet organoleptic indicator when Figure 11 concentrated feed uses embodiment nine
Answer face figure.
The response that miscellany grass ratio and concentrated feed ratio of the present invention influence sheep gain in weight when Figure 12 concentrated feed uses embodiment nine
Face figure.
The response surface figure that miscellany grass ratio of the present invention and moisture content influence sheep gain in weight when Figure 13 concentrated feed uses embodiment nine.
The response surface figure that concentrated feed ratio of the present invention and moisture content influence sheep gain in weight when Figure 14 concentrated feed uses embodiment nine.
In Fig. 1-2,1- disintegrating mechanism, 2- sunning mechanism, 3- premix mechanism, 4- tablet press structure, 5- miscellany grass enter
Mouth, 12- is added in mouth, 6- crushing tooth, the second Disintegrating knife of 7-, the first Disintegrating knife of 8-, 9- sieve plate, 10- hot air pipe, 11- fine fodder
Premix mechanism feeding inlet, 13- wind deflector, 14- conveyer belt, 15- stirring rod, 16- cutter, 17- compacting auger, 18- compacting
Hole, 19- spring, 20- transmit auger, 21- sparge pipe, 22- poking bar.
Specific embodiment
1 to attached drawing 8 and embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing, and specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail,
But apparatus of the present invention are not limited to following embodiments.
In the present invention, crushing tooth 6, the second Disintegrating knife 7, the first Disintegrating knife 8, sieve plate 9, hot wind in following embodiments
Pipe 10, wind deflector 13, conveyer belt 14, stirring rod 15, cutter 16, compacting auger 17, spring 19, transmission auger 20, sparge pipe
21, which belong to those skilled in the art, buys selection or customization by market, belongs to common device, does not limit of the invention
Implement.
Embodiment one: the preparation method of grassland weeds class pellet of the present invention
The preparation method of grassland weeds class pellet provided by the invention, including crushing, mixing and preparation
Grain, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the miscellany grass harvesting after will be solid, hay moisture≤14% after sunning can bundling it is spare.
(2) the dry miscellany grass of sunning will be transported back and is crushed to length less than≤0.5 centimetre.
(3) it is successively thoroughly mixed into premix barrel after raw material being weighed according to configuration proportion, mixes rear defence
Tide saves particle to be pressed.
(4) water is added in the premixing feedstuff of step (3) to stir evenly, is suppressed into tablet press structure, after compacting
1 centimetre -4 centimetres of particle size.
(5) particle suppressed dry in the air it is cold, pack, avoid high temperature scald and it is mouldy.
In the preparation method of the grassland weeds class pellet of above-mentioned offer, the harvesting of miscellany grass, Chenopodiaceae, composite family, nutgrass flatsedge
The selection of the lower vegetations such as section, Amaranthaceae harvests in 6-9 month；Urticaceae, Liao Ke etc. are tall and big, and Plant choosing 6-7 month harvests；Vegetation group
Average height > 20 centimetre are fallen, vegetation coverage > 50% is excellent with florescence and productive phase.The height for the stubble left > 6 centimetre are cradled, are avoided
Recovery data harvesting before May, while when productive phase harvests in the fall, the vegetation for retaining a part of area is left kind of a use,
Guarantee that plant kernel is full, mature landing.
In (3) and (4) of the preparation method step of the grassland weeds class pellet of above-mentioned offer, compressed granulate is not
With the mixed measurement moisture of feed in 15-17%, can also estimate: hand, which is grabbed, to be clutched fist after material and unclamps again.Clutch fist
Refer to that seam there are flowing out, then plus dilutional hyponatremia；After unclamping fist, material can not scatter bulk, then plus water is very few；After unclamping fist,
Flowing water, holding bulk do not scatter for suitable moisture material.
Embodiment two: grassland weeds class pellet
The present invention provides a kind of grassland weeds class pellet, includes roughage 60%- in percentage by weight
80% and concentrated feed 20%-40% compounding, total water content is according to 15% to 17% control, wherein roughage uses miscellany
Grass, miscellany grass refer to desert, steppificated desert, the grassland miscellany grass in temperate steppe and field, afforestation forest band, water
The herbage with feeding value for producing culture zone periphery, the growth of reservoir canal side does not include raw in artificial pasture and traditional mowing pasture
Long herbage.
In the present invention, corn 35%-42%, dregs of beans 17%-22%, wheat bran 19%-22%, the dregs of fat are contained in concentrated feed
14%-18%, mixing and sour calcium 5%, salt 0.8%, soda 1.2%.
Miscellany grass of the invention be preferably Chenopodiaceae, composite family, Cyperaceae, Amaranthaceae, Urticaceae, Liao Ke one or more,
Either for field beanpod, melon is climing, one of vegetable shoots, leaf or two kinds.
In grassland weeds class pellet provided by the invention, in percentage by weight, the miscellany grass that roughage is selected
Contain alfalfa 20%, grass family cuckoo grass 30%, reed 20%, Chenopodiaceae miscellany grass 30%.
The sour calcium used in the present invention: winter domestic animal is fed in circle, and the winter sun is fewer so domestic animals are easy
Existing calcium deficiency phenomenon is so storing to family for " column changed " of adding some points in pellet supplements calcium.
The mixing used in the present invention, i.e. selection multivitamin, the present invention mainly use vitamin C, vitamin A,
Vitamin B1, B2 and vitamin E.
Miscellany grass particle feed of the present invention is compared with existing conventional feed, and the corn dregs of rice, wheat bran, dregs of fat ingredient are from accounting for 60%
Drop to 40% or so above, for cost at 0.6-0.8 yuan/kilogram, cost reduces by 50% on year-on-year basis, remove labor wage, charges for water and electricity,
Space expenses etc., profit increase by 30% or so.Equipment input cost is greatly reduced after the second year that puts into production, profit margin into
One step is high.And the edible plants in field, corner canal side, hollow hillside fields are all changed into feed resource as much as possible,
Realizing turns waste into wealth and energy conservation.Meanwhile in herbage harvesting, transport, processing, sale links, rural area can solve
Part Labor Transfer employment, in addition, according to herbage harvesting take 0.2 yuan/kilogram, 0.3 yuan/kilogram of freight charges, 0.2 yuan of processing charges/
Kilogram, it can also directly increase peasants and herdsmen's income.The bad phenomenon of the previous waste miscellany grass in farming and pastoral area everywhere is improved, is beautified
It has purified that rural environmental hygiene is clean and tidy, has promoted the implementation of the strong rural strategy to revitalize of rural area beauty, Nong Minfu, agricultural.
Embodiment three: grassland weeds class pellet
Feed final finished ingredient of the present invention is miscellany forage 80%, cornstarch 10%, the dregs of fat 5%, wheat bran 4%, salt
Brick 1%；The 15%-17% moisture that feed final finished quality is added is formed.
Example IV: grassland weeds class pellet
Feed final finished ingredient of the present invention is miscellany forage 75%, broken wheat slag 10%, wheat bran 10%, alfalfa meal 5%；
The 15%-17% moisture that feed final finished quality is added is formed.
Embodiment five: grassland weeds class pellet
Preferably, final finished ingredient of the present invention is miscellany forage 60%, alfalfa meal 10%, bean powder 10%, the dregs of fat
10%, block salt 2%, cotton leaf slag 8%.
Embodiment six: it is applicable in the grassland weeds class pellet of feeding sheep
(corn 280g accounts for 40% to roughage 70% (grass meal 1650g) concentrated feed 30%, and dregs of beans 120g accounts for 17%, wheat bran
155g accounts for 22%, and dregs of fat 100g accounts for 14%, and mixing and acid calcium 35g account for 5%, and salt 6g accounts for 0.8%, 1.2%) soda 9g, which is accounted for, to be added
0.3 liter of water.
Experimental result: the especially beautiful outside Smooth Densities hardness that pellet is formed is especially good, and color is partially green, is suitble to
It is stored in transport for a long time.
Embodiment seven: it is applicable in the grassland weeds class pellet of feeding fish
(corn 255g accounts for 35% to roughage 61% (clover 1160g) concentrated feed 39%, and dregs of beans 160g accounts for 22%, wheat bran
140g accounts for 19%, and dregs of fat 120g accounts for 17%, and mixing and acid calcium 35g account for 5%, and salt 6g accounts for 0.8%, 1.2%) soda 9g, which is accounted for, to be added
0.3 liter of water.
Experimental result: the especially beautiful outside Smooth Densities hardness that pellet is formed is especially good, and color is green, is suitble to length
Time is stored in transport.Being put into water will not be easy to pop.It is suitble to feed fish.
Embodiment eight: it is applicable in the grassland weeds class pellet of feeding ox class
(corn 335g accounts for 42% to roughage 60% (wheat straw 1200g) concentrated feed 40%, and dregs of beans 150g accounts for 19%, wheat bran
145g accounts for 18%, and dregs of fat 110g accounts for 14%, and mixing and acid calcium 40g account for 5%, and salt 6g accounts for 0.8%, 1.2%) soda 9g, which is accounted for, to be added
0.3 liter of water.
Experimental result: the especially beautiful outside Smooth Densities hardness that pellet is formed is especially good, and color is yellow, is suitble to length
Time is stored in transport.
Embodiment nine: it is applicable in the grassland weeds class pellet of feeding sheep class
(corn 300g accounts for 39% to roughage 70% (wheat straw 1800g) concentrated feed 30%, and dregs of beans 130g accounts for 17%, wheat bran
145g accounts for 19%, and dregs of fat 140g accounts for 18%, and mixing and acid calcium 40g account for 5%, and salt 6g accounts for 0.8%, 1.2%) soda 9g, which is accounted for, to be added
0.3 liter of water.
Experimental result: the especially beautiful outside Smooth Densities hardness that pellet is formed is especially good, and color is yellow, is suitble to length
Time is stored in transport.
Embodiment ten: it is applicable in the grassland weeds class pellet of feeding sheep class
(corn 310g accounts for 40% to roughage 60% (wheat straw 1160g) concentrated feed 40%, and dregs of beans 140g accounts for 18%, wheat bran
155g accounts for 20%, and dregs of fat 115g accounts for 15%, and mixing and acid calcium 40g account for 5%, and salt 6g accounts for 0.8%, 1.2%) soda 9g, which is accounted for, to be added
0.3 liter of water.
Experimental result: the especially beautiful outside Smooth Densities hardness that pellet is formed is especially good, and color is yellow, is suitble to length
Time is stored in transport.
Embodiment 11: pellet of the present invention feeds sheep test
Embodiment six is formulated the test of the pellet sheep raising successfully made
First 10 support weigh then 55 be divided to two groups, one group is fed us the pellet done, one group of hello general essence
Feed observation.By observing the physical condition of sheep, the indexs such as mental status, feed palatability, digestive conditions, changes of weight are sentenced
Disconnected feed applications value, safety, production performance.
First group of overbit: 2563 weight 14kg, 2562 weight 14kg, 2261 weight 12.5kg, 2292 weight 12kg,
2600 weight 13kg.
Second group of overbit: 2294 weight 10kg, 2522 weight 11.5kg, 2263 weight 9kg, earless standard type weight 11kg,
2530 weight 12kg.
After 7 days
First group of overbit: 2563 weight 14.3kg, 2562 weight 14.5kg, 2261 weight 12.9kg, 2292 weight
12.3kg, 2600 weight 13.4kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 300g-500g or so.
Second group of overbit: 2294 weight 10.1kg, 2522 weight 11.7kg, 2263 weight 9.2kg, earless standard type weight
11.2kg, 2530 weight 12.3kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 100-300g or so.
After 14 days
First group of overbit: 2563 weight 14.8kg, 2562 weight 15.1kg, 2261 weight 13.3kg, 2292 weight
12.8kg, 2600 weight 13.7kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 300g-600g or so.
Second group of overbit: 2294 weight 10.3kg, 2522 weight 11.8kg, 2263 weight 9.4kg, earless standard type weight
11.3kg, 2530 weight 12.35kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 50g-200g or so.
After 21 days
First group of overbit: 2563 weight 15.2kg, 2562 weight 15.6kg, 2261 weight 13.8kg, 2292 weight
13.2kg, 2600 weight 14.3kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 400-600g or so.
Second group of overbit: 2294 weight 10.5kg, 2522 weight 12kg, 2263 weight 9.65kg, earless standard type weight
11.6kg, 2530 weight 12.63kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 200g-300g or so.
After 28 days
First group of overbit: 2563 weight 15.5kg, 2562 weight 16kg, 2261 weight 14.15kg, 2292 weight
13.7kg, 2600 weight 14.75kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 300-500g or so.
Second group of overbit: 2294 weight 10.75kg, 2522 weight 12.3kg, 2263 weight 9.9kg, earless standard type weight
11.9kg, 2530 weight 12.98kg.
After 35 days
First group of overbit: 2563 weight 15.9kg, 2562 weight 16.35kg, 2261 weight 14.7kg, 2292 weight
14.1kg, 2600 weight 15.2kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 300-500g or so.
Second group of overbit: 2294 weight 11kg, 2522 weight 12.5kg, 2263 weight 11.5kg, earless standard type weight
12.1kg, 2530 weight 13.18kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 200-350g or so.
After 42 days
First group of overbit: 2563 weight 16.6kg, 2562 weight 16.85kg, 2261 weight 15.1kg, 2292 weight
14.8kg, 2600 weight 15.8kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 400-700g or so.
Second group of overbit: 2294 weight 11.25kg, 2522 weight 12.8kg, 2263 weight 11.8kg, earless standard type weight
12.4kg, 2530 weight 13.53kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 250-350g or so.
After 49 days
First group of overbit: 2563 weight 17.1kg, 2562 weight 17.25kg, 2261 weight 15.5kg, 2292 weight
15.3kg, 2600 weight 16.2kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 400-500g or so.
Second group of overbit: 2294 weight 11.5kg, 2522 weight 13.05kg, 2263 weight 13.15kg, earless standard type weight
12.7kg, 2530 weight 13.78kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 250-350g or so.
After 56 days
First group of overbit: 2563 weight 17.5kg, 2562 weight 17.7kg, 2261 weight 16kg, 2292 weight
15.9kg, 2600 weight 16.5.7kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 400-500g or so.
Second group of overbit: 2294 weight 11.8kg, 2522 weight 13.35kg, 2263 weight 13.35kg, earless standard type weight
12.95kg, 2530 weight 14.03kg.
Every sheep is put on weight 250-350g or so.
Experimental result
First group of sheep body weight increase fed with production pellet
Second group of sheep body weight increase fed with production pellet
Pellet 56 days or so the weight gain 3.5-3.9kg. that 10 sheep are divided to two groups of raisings, first group of breeding sheep to feed
Two groups of breeding sheep normal diets feed 56 days or so weight gain 1.8-2.03kg.Go out from experiment conclusion and feeds to obtain sheep with pellet
Put on weight than normal diet feed one times more than sheep.Pellet, which is fed 56 days, can increase 3.5-4 kilograms of weight or so.
Embodiment 12: device used in the weeds class method of preparing pellet feed of grassland
In the present invention, device used in the weeds class method of preparing pellet feed of grassland, including disintegrating mechanism 1, sunning mechanism
2, mechanism 3 and tablet press structure 4 are premixed, the disintegrating mechanism 1 is connect with sunning mechanism 2, dries mechanism 2 and premixing machine
Structure 3 is connect by transmission band connection, premix 3 discharge port of mechanism with tablet press structure 4.
In the present invention, device used in the weeds class method of preparing pellet feed of grassland, 1 top of disintegrating mechanism is equipped with
One group of crushing tooth 6, crushing tooth 6 are located at 5 lower part of miscellany grass entrance, and crushing tooth 6 has the first Disintegrating knife 8, the first crushing knife
Lower be adapted of piece 8 is equipped with the second Disintegrating knife 7, and the first Disintegrating knife 8 is arranged on sieve plate 9, and 9 two sides of sieve plate are equipped with vibration bullet
Spring 19, sieve plate 9 have transmission auger 20；Transmission 20 outlet end of auger is connected with sunning mechanism 2, and the sunning mechanism 2 is to incline
Oblique conveyer belt 14, conveyer belt 14 are reticular structure, and 14 bottom of conveyer belt is equipped with hot air pipe 10, and 14 top of conveyer belt is equipped with and leads
Aerofoil 13,14 one end of conveyer belt and transmission auger 20 are adapted setting, and the setting of 14 other end of conveyer belt enters in premix mechanism
Material mouth 12 premixes and is equipped with stirring rod 15 inside mechanism 2, and solid matter poking bar 22 on stirring rod, premix 3 top of mechanism is equipped with fine fodder
Mouth 11 and sparge pipe 21 is added, premix 3 discharge port of mechanism is connected with tablet press structure 4, is equipped with inside tablet press structure 4
Suppress auger 17,4 tail portion of tablet press structure is equipped with compacting hole 18, be equipped with cutter 16 outside compacting hole 18, cutter 16 by
Speed regulating motor drives, and premixes the baffle for being equipped with and being flexibly connected between mechanism 3 and tablet press structure 4.
Tablet press structure in the present invention is squeezed out feed from compacting hole by compacting auger high-pressure extrusion, after extrusion
It is rotated and is cut off using motor-driven cutter, the length of cutting is adjusted by motor speed.
Embodiment 13: grassland weeds class pellet sensory evaluation method
Grassland miscellany grass is prepared into pellet and should be readily transported, and also to facilitate storage, also wants can have good smell
And mouthfeel, also there is normal color.Sensory evaluation is carried out to pellet for convenience, is made according to the quality of organoleptic indicator
Determined evaluation charter, as shown in table 1 below, according to following Scale assessment, the evaluation index of embodiment three to ten all 85 points with
On, granularity is good, and color is normal, does not dissipate foam, neither too hard, nor too soft, convenient transportation.
Table 1: organoleptic indicator's evaluation charter
Embodiment 14: grassland weeds class pellet Formula selection experiment
Using Box-Behnken experimental design, addition minerals are identical, when concentrated feed uses embodiment six, probe into miscellaneous
Class grass ratio, the influence of concentrated feed ratio, moisture content to pellet organoleptic indicator, sheep gain in weight, pellet organoleptic indicator use
The evaluation of eight standard of embodiment, sheep gain in weight are corresponding 5 sheep of forage feed, 56 days average weight gains, establish each ingredient in technique
The response surface mathematical model of factor and pellet organoleptic indicator, the relationship of sheep gain in weight, response surface experiments factor and water-glass
It is shown in Table 2, Box-bohnken experimental design and the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 2: response surface experiments factor level table
| Composition | Unit | Minimum value | Maximum value |
| Miscellany grass ratio | kg | 60 | 80 |
| Concentrated feed ratio | kg | 20 | 40 |
| Moisture content | kg | 15 | 17 |
| Pellet organoleptic indicator | 86 | 96 | |
| Sheep gain in weight | kg | 3.5 | 5.2 |
Table 3:Box-bohnken experimental design result
It is fitted by experimental data of the DesignExpert8.0.6 to table 3, pellet organoleptic indicator implements
The evaluation of eight standard of example, sheep gain in weight are corresponding 5 sheep of forage feed, 56 days average weight gains, obtain miscellany grass ratio, concentrated feed
Ratio, moisture content are to the influence model of pellet organoleptic indicator, sheep gain in weight, each interactive response surface of factor in model
Referring to attached drawing 3 to attached drawing 8.
Using Box-Behnken experimental design, addition minerals are identical, when concentrated feed uses embodiment nine, probe into miscellaneous
Class grass ratio, the influence of concentrated feed ratio, moisture content to pellet organoleptic indicator, sheep gain in weight, pellet organoleptic indicator use
The evaluation of eight standard of embodiment, sheep gain in weight are corresponding 5 sheep of forage feed, 56 days average weight gains, establish each ingredient in technique
The response surface mathematical model of factor and pellet organoleptic indicator, the relationship of sheep gain in weight, response surface experiments factor and water-glass
It is shown in Table 4, Box-bohnken experimental design and the results are shown in Table 5.
Table 4: response surface experiments factor level table
| Composition | Unit | Minimum value | Maximum value |
| Miscellany grass ratio | kg | 60 | 80 |
| Concentrated feed ratio | kg | 20 | 40 |
| Moisture content | kg | 15 | 17 |
| Pellet organoleptic indicator | 78 | 86 | |
| Sheep gain in weight | kg | 2.5 | 3.2 |
Table 5:Box-bohnken experimental design result
It is fitted by experimental data of the DesignExpert8.0.6 to table 5, pellet organoleptic indicator implements
The evaluation of eight standard of example, sheep gain in weight are corresponding 5 sheep of forage feed, 56 days average weight gains, obtain miscellany grass ratio, concentrated feed
Ratio, moisture content are to the influence model of pellet organoleptic indicator, sheep gain in weight, each interactive response surface of factor in model
Referring to attached drawing 9 to attached drawing 14.
It is miscellany forage 165kg concentrated feed by the optimum formula that Box-Behnken assay optimization goes out in inventive formulation
Pellet sensory evaluation highest when the 37.7kg moisture of 71kg, addition feed final finished quality are formed, 96 points, and
And 56 days average weight gain 4.2kg of sheep, especially in the concentrated feed corn 28kg of addition, dregs of beans 12kg, wheat bran accounts for 15.5kg, the dregs of fat
Effect is best when accounting for 10kg, mixing and acid calcium 4kg, salt 0.6kg, soda 0.9kg, and feed ingredient is uniform, nutritional sufficiency, and 5
It is top-gaining more than 6kg in sheep, and feed granules are complete, are not easy mouldy, soft or hard appropriate convenient transportation.From experimental data
As can be seen that form this vital influence of the moisture on pellet, the feed of washiness preparation is diluter, softer,
Grain is less, has scattered foam, color is withered and yellow or partially dark and larger to the Effects of Density of feed, in addition concentrated feed and roughage
Ratio demand on moisture has this influence again, the big water resistances of viscosity are strong mostly for concentrated feed, and roughage is opposite to the absorption of moisture
Weaker, this makes that bundle feed ratio must be adjusted according to the ingredient of feed and nutritive validity again.
As described above, the present invention can be realized preferably, the above embodiments are only to preferred implementation side of the invention
Formula is described, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention, this field
The various changes and improvements that those of ordinary skill makes technical solution of the present invention, should all fall into present invention determine that protection
In range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of grassland weeds class pellet includes miscellany grass and concentrated feed, which is characterized in that the feed is according to weight hundred
Point than meter, compounded comprising roughage 60%-80% and concentrated feed 20%-40%, water content according to pellet gross mass 15% to
17% control;
Wherein, roughage is using miscellany grass, miscellany grass refer to desert, steppificated desert, the grassland miscellany grass in temperate steppe and
The herbage with feeding value that field, afforestation forest band, aquaculture area periphery, reservoir canal side are grown, does not include artificial
The herbage grown in meadow and traditional mowing pasture.
2. grassland weeds class pellet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the feed final finished ingredient is
Miscellany forage 80%, cornstarch 10%, the dregs of fat 5%, wheat bran 4%, block salt 1%；Be added feed final finished quality 16% moisture into
Row molding.
3. grassland weeds class pellet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the feed final finished ingredient is
Miscellany forage 75%, broken wheat slag 10%, wheat bran 10%, alfalfa meal 5%；16% moisture that feed final finished quality is added is formed.
4. grassland weeds class pellet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the final finished ingredient is miscellany
Forage 60%, alfalfa meal 10%, bean powder 10%, the dregs of fat 10%, block salt 2%, cotton leaf slag 8%；16% water of feed final finished quality is added
Divide and is formed.
5. grassland weeds class pellet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the miscellany grass be Chenopodiaceae, composite family,
Cyperaceae, Amaranthaceae, Urticaceae, Liao Ke one or more, or for field beanpod, melon is climing, one of vegetable shoots, leaf or
Two kinds of person；Contain corn 35%-42%, dregs of beans 17%-22%, wheat bran 19%-22%, dregs of fat 14%-18%, mixing and sour calcium in concentrated feed
5%, salt 0.8%, soda 1.2%, mixing is multivitamin.
6. the grassland weeds class pellet for being suitable for feeding sheep as described in claim 1 or 5, according to weight percent
Meter is compounded according to the roughage of miscellany grass 70% and 30% concentrated feed, and total water content is according to 15% to 17% control, wherein essence is raised
Material corn accounts for 40%, and dregs of beans accounts for 17%, and wheat bran accounts for 22%, and the dregs of fat account for 14%, and mixing and sour calcium account for 5%, and salt accounts for 0.8%, and soda accounts for
1.2%。
7. the grassland weeds class pellet for being suitable for feeding fish as described in claim 1 or 5, according to weight percent
Meter, according to miscellany grass, 60% roughage and 40% concentrated feed compounding, total water content is according to 15% to 17% control, wherein essence is raised
Material corn accounts for 35%, and dregs of beans accounts for 22%, and wheat bran accounts for 19%, and the dregs of fat account for 17%, and mixing and sour calcium account for 5%, and salt accounts for 0.8%, and soda accounts for
1.2%。
8. the grassland weeds class pellet for being suitable for feeding ox as described in claim 1 or 5, according to weight percent
Meter is compounded according to the roughage of miscellany grass 60% and 40% concentrated feed, and total water content is according to 15% to 17% control, wherein essence is raised
Material corn accounts for 42%, and dregs of beans accounts for 19%, and wheat bran accounts for 18%, and the dregs of fat account for 14%, and mixing and sour calcium account for 5%, and salt accounts for 0.8%, and soda accounts for
1.2%。
9. the preparation method of grassland weeds class pellet as described in any one in claim 1-5, including crush, be mixed
With prepare particle, which is characterized in that the preparation method includes the following steps:
(1) the miscellany grass harvesting after will be solid, hay moisture≤14% after sunning can bundling it is spare；
(2) the dry miscellany grass of sunning will be transported back and is crushed to length less than≤0.5 centimetre；
(3) it is successively thoroughly mixed into premix barrel after raw material being weighed according to configuration proportion, moisture-proof guarantor after mixing
Deposit particle to be pressed；
(4) water is added in the premixing feedstuff of step (3) to stir evenly, is suppressed into tablet press structure, particle after compacting
1 centimetre -4 centimetres of size；
(5) particle suppressed dry in the air it is cold, pack, avoid high temperature scald and it is mouldy.
10. device used in grassland weeds class method of preparing pellet feed as claimed in claim 9, including disintegrating mechanism, dry in the air
Shine mechanism, premix mechanism and tablet press structure, which is characterized in that the disintegrating mechanism is connect with sunning mechanism, airing machine
By transmission band connection, premix mechanism discharge port is connect with tablet press structure for structure and premix mechanism；
Disintegrating mechanism top is equipped with one group of crushing tooth, and crushing tooth is located at miscellany grass entrance lower part, and crushing tooth has the first crushing
Blade is adapted under the first Disintegrating knife and is equipped with the second Disintegrating knife, and the first Disintegrating knife is arranged on sieve plate, and sieve plate two sides are set
There is vibration spring, sieve plate has transmission auger；Transmission auger outlet end is connected with sunning mechanism, and the sunning mechanism is inclination
Conveyer belt, conveyer belt is reticular structure, and conveyer belt bottom is equipped with hot air pipe, and conveyer belt top is equipped with wind deflector, conveyer belt one
End and transmission auger are adapted setting, and the setting of conveyer belt other end is equipped with inside premix mechanism feeding inlet, premix mechanism and stirs
Bar is mixed, premix mechanism top is equipped with fine fodder and mouth and sparge pipe is added, and premix mechanism discharge port is connected with tablet press structure, particle
Compacting auger is equipped with inside briquetting machine, tablet press structure tail portion is equipped with compacting hole, cutter, cutting are equipped with outside compacting hole
Knife is driven by speed regulating motor.
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Application publication date: 20190723 |