CN108850589A - Using wet peanut seedling as the Fattening Goats fully mixed diet and preparation method of roughage - Google Patents
Using wet peanut seedling as the Fattening Goats fully mixed diet and preparation method of roughage Download PDFInfo
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- CN108850589A CN108850589A CN201810886574.1A CN201810886574A CN108850589A CN 108850589 A CN108850589 A CN 108850589A CN 201810886574 A CN201810886574 A CN 201810886574A CN 108850589 A CN108850589 A CN 108850589A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of with wet peanut seedling for the Fattening Goats fully mixed diet of main roughage, the raw material including following parts by weight content：Wet peanut seedling powder 30-50, Silage Corn Straw 20-40, corn particle 15-22, dregs of beans 3-8, wheat bran 4-8, salt 0.2-0.5, urea 0.2-0.5, additive 0.2-0.5.The present invention replaces feed a part raw material and roughage that meat goat fully mixed diet is made using peanut vine, can increase palatability, improve digestibility, improves nutritive value.Compared with prior art, present invention tool is from a wealth of sources using raw material wet peanut seedling, and belongs to resource and utilize again, have many advantages, such as low-cost, use feed feeding plant-eating animal of the present invention or the raw material as preparing complete feed, raising and weight gain to Livestock, improving the price of deed and economic benefit has good effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Fattening Goats fully mixed diet, more particularly, to a kind of educating for main roughage with wet peanut seedling
The formula and preparation method thereof of fertile goat fully mixed diet.
Background technique
Goat belongs to ruminant, also referred to as complex stomach animal, be unable to do without the roughages such as stalk or forage grass in growth course.?
The breeding stock and cultivation history of China goat can not show a candle to milk cow, but since goat and milk cow belong to ruminant, complex stomach
Physiology and feed structure are more similar, and therefore, the feed technology over-borrowing of goat is in view of milk cow.Again because milk cow Milk Production with
The meat production of goat is distinguished, and the feed nutrition demand of the two has the characteristics that respective again.
Currently, common roughage is substantially based on stalk and graminous pasture in milk cow and feed for goat.But it is more
Due to wax coat that is more thick and stiff, or having thicker, majority needs to handle by physics, chemistry or biological mode number stalk, such as cuts
Broken, extruding, rubbing, ensiling, microbial, ammonification etc., these methods can improve the palatability of agricultural crop straw, increase feed intake, mention
High digestibility, chemistry and biological treatment can also change the institutional framework of stalk and improve nutritive value.According to ruminant to thick
The needs of the nutriments such as albumen, energy, crude fibre, minerals and vitamins, treated straw powder, Silage Corn Straw
Or the technology that the roughages such as hay powder are sufficiently mixed preparation milk cow fully mixed diet (TMR) with concentrated feed and various additives exists
Start the 1960s to promote and apply.Currently, more and more cattle farms use this technology in the world, Shanghai in China and wide
The ground such as state have also started to apply.TMR feeding program is exactly to digest needs according to ruminant nutrition and physiology, and animal is complete
Fine fodder, coarse fodder required for it and additive it is all admixed together stir evenly (some also carry out granulation or cake of press processing),
It feeds by several times to animal again.TMR technology can effectively prevent animal and select the feed for some palatabilities difference being added in daily ration
It selects (particular about food), changes palatability difference and digestibility low situation when agricultural crop straw list is fed；Be conducive to milk cow and play Milk Production,
And its breeding potential can be improved；Labour can be also saved, helps to control production cost.
Peanut is important one of oil crops, and there are plantation in different continents, most wide with China, the U.S., India's plantation
It is general.Peanut cultivation distribution in China's is very extensive, and be concentrated mainly on Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Guangdong, Anhui, Hubei, Liaoning etc.
It saves.It is shown according to the data that national grain and oil information centre provides, China's peanut cultivation area is up to 4,700,000 hectares, peanut total output
It is more than 1,600 ten thousand tons, occupies No. 1 in the world.Peanut vine is the by-product for planting peanut, according to statistics the annual output of national peanut vine
Up to 25,000,000 tons or so.Go through it is of heap of stone equal peanut vine nutritional ingredient is analyzed, contain dry matter 91.3%, crude protein 11.0%,
Crude fat 1.5%, crude fibre 29.6%, calcium 1.7%, phosphorus 0.7%.If being gathered in advance under the premise of not influencing peanut yield,
Peanut vine nutritive value can be greatlyd improve, peanut vine crude fat content is 4.95% at this time, and crude protein content is reachable
15.23%.Compared with other high quality forages, crude protein content is higher than English ryegrass and sudangrass in peanut vine, close to Sheng
The content (16.7%) of florescence alfalfa crude protein.
As described above, the abundance of China's peanut vine, but peanut vine utilization rate is relatively low at present, except small part by with
Make except ruminant feed, the overwhelming majority wastes in the form of burning, is not fully utilized.Its main cause may
It is：1. peanut vine is individually fed, palatability is poor, and ruminant is low to its feed intake, this is to limit the core that peanut vine utilizes to ask
Topic；2. the loose volume of peanut vine quality is larger under natural conditions and easy moldy metamorphism, to constrain the preservation and fortune of peanut vine
It is defeated.So seeking a kind of reasonable peanut vine modulation technique, to improve its palatability and nutritional ingredient conversion ratio, to improve
The problem of utilization efficiency of the peanut vine as ruminant roughage is urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide one kind to be with wet peanut seedling
The Fattening Goats fully mixed diet and preparation method thereof of main roughage.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
It is a kind of to be formulated with the Fattening Goats fully mixed diet (TMR) that wet peanut seedling is main roughage raw material including following
The raw material of parts by weight content：Wet peanut seedling powder 30-50, Silage Corn Straw 20-40, corn particle 15-22, dregs of beans 3-8, wheat bran
4-8, salt 0.2-0.5, urea 0.2-0.5, additive 0.2-0.5.
It is preferred that using following components and parts by weight content：Wet peanut seedling powder 30-50, Silage Corn Straw 20-40, corn are broken
Grain 18, dregs of beans 5, wheat bran 6, salt 0.4, urea 0.4, additive 0.2.
The wet peanut seedling powder is the residues such as rattan seedling and cauline leaf after the harvesting of crops peanut, first carries out mud and shines
It is dry, it is prescinded with hay cutter to 3-4 centimetres, is then crushed into powder again with pulverizer.
The preparation method of the Silage Corn Straw, comprises the following steps that：
(1) remaining straw harvesting after harvesting the corn of milk stage, dries one day adjustment water content to 60%-70%,
It is prescinded with hay cutter to 3-4 centimetres of segment；
(2) by the direct spirt horizental silo/silage silo of the corn stover of chopping, every 1 meter or so of the increase of crushing straw is stepped on into people
Pressure several times, after horizental silo/silage silo is filled, continues to load 1 meter of height of broken corn stover (being higher by 1 meter of cellar/pond mouthful)；
(3) plastic film seal is used after treading the corn stover in horizental silo/silage silo, is pressed on film (as far as possible with weight
Plastic foil breakage is avoided to cause to leak), product is the Silage Corn Straw fermented in horizental silo/silage silo after about 1 month.
Step (2), (3) can also press for stalk mixture to be fitted into the vinyon bucket for being cased with clean polybag
Actual load expires and is higher by bung hole 20cm.After plastic bag sealing, plastic barrel is buckled to, is pressed on bucket with weight, is produced in bucket after about 1 month
Product are the Silage Corn Straw fermented.
Contain for every kilogram in the additive of addition：Ten thousand IU of ten thousand IU of vitamin A 12-20,3 3.4-8 of vitamin D, vitamin E
350-500mg, copper 100-500mg, iron 1200-6000mg, manganese 600-3000mg, zinc 800-3000mg, weight percent calcium are
8%-26%, total phosphorus weight percent are 2.5-3.2%, iodine 12-80mg, selenium 4-10mg.
The preparation method with the Fattening Goats fully mixed diet that wet peanut seedling is main roughage raw material is：According to
It prepares each component and parts by weight content in raw material to stock up, raw material is placed in mixing machine and is stirred, what is stirred evenly is complete
Mixed material.
China's cowboying total quantity accounts for the 5th, the world, and sheep raising accounts for the 13rd, the world.The development and utilization of peanut vine feed resource are not
But a large amount of grain can be directly saved, the fertility that abdomen returning to the field also adds soil is crossed, reduces the biological loss of energy, prevents from burning and make
At environmental pollution etc..We replace feed a part raw material and roughage that meat goat TMR is made by scientific formula with peanut vine
Daily ration neither influences the production performance of goat in this way, can also reduce feed cost, improve the economic benefit of cultivation.
Compared with prior art, it is some agreeable to the taste to what is be added in daily ration by TMR technology to can effectively prevent animal by the present invention
Property difference feed selected (particular about food), change palatability difference and digestibility low situation when agricultural crop straw list is fed；Dry peanut
The nutritive value of seedling is high, can increase after development & production rich in nutriments such as protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, calcium, phosphorus
Palatability improves digestibility, improves nutritive value.Plant-eating animal or the raw material as preparing complete feed are fed, to herbvore family
The raising and weight gain of poultry, improving the price of deed and economic benefit has good effect；Wet peanut seedling is from a wealth of sources, and belongs to resource
It utilizes again, it is low-cost, therefore be the effective way developed a circular economy as animal feed using wet peanut seedling exploitation.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection scope.
Embodiment 1
A kind of take wet peanut seedling as the Fattening Goats fully mixed diet (TMR) of main roughage raw material, including following weight
The raw material of part content：Wet peanut seedling powder 30, Silage Corn Straw 40, corn particle 18, dregs of beans 5, wheat bran 6, salt 0.4, urea
0.4, additive 0.2.
The specific preparation step of fully mixed diet is：
(1) residues such as the rattan seedling after the preparation crops peanut harvesting of wet peanut seedling powder and cauline leaf, go mud to dry, with hand hay cutter
Careless machine-cut is as short as 3 centimetres, is then crushed into powder again with pulverizer.
(2) preparation of Silage Corn Straw：Remaining straw harvesting after the corn of milk stage is harvested is dried one day and is adjusted
Water content is prescinded with hay cutter to 3 centimetres of segment to 60%；By in the direct spirt horizental silo of the corn stover of chopping, broken straw
Stalk is every to be increased by 1 meter or so and jams on several times into people, after horizental silo is filled, continues to load 1 meter of height of broken corn stover (being higher by entrance of cellar
1 meter)；Plastic film seal is used after corn stover in horizental silo is treaded, and is pressed on film with weight and (is avoided plastic foil damaged as far as possible
Cause to leak), product is the Silage Corn Straw fermented in horizental silo after about 1 month.
(3) preparation of additive (every 1 kilogram contains)：120,000 IU of vitamin A, 3.4 ten thousand IU of vitamine D3, vitamin E
350mg, copper 100mg, iron 1200mg, manganese 600mg, zinc 800mg, calcium 8%, total phosphorus 2.5%, iodine 12mg, selenium 4mg.
(4) it forms and stocks up according to 1 raw material of example, all materials are placed in mixing machine and are stirred, what is stirred evenly is complete
Mixed material, as product.
Embodiment 2
A kind of take wet peanut seedling as the Fattening Goats fully mixed diet (TMR) of main roughage raw material, including following weight
The raw material of part content：Wet peanut seedling powder 45, Silage Corn Straw 25, corn particle 18, dregs of beans 5, wheat bran 6, salt 0.4, urea
0.4, additive 0.2.
The specific preparation step of fully mixed diet is：
(1) preparation of wet peanut seedling powder：The residues such as rattan seedling and cauline leaf after taking crops peanut to harvest, go mud to dry,
It is prescinded with hay cutter to 3.5 centimetres, is then crushed into powder again with pulverizer.
(2) preparation of Silage Corn Straw：Remaining straw harvesting after the corn of milk stage is harvested is dried one day and is adjusted
Water content is prescinded with hay cutter to 3.5 centimetres of segment to 65%；It is broken by the direct spirt horizental silo of the corn stover of chopping
Every 1 meter or so of the increase of stalk jams on several times into people, after horizental silo is filled, continues to load broken corn stover 1-1.5 meters high (high
Entrance of cellar 1-1.5 meters out)；Plastic film seal is used after corn stover in horizental silo is treaded, and is pressed on film and (is avoided as far as possible with weight
Plastic foil breakage causes to leak), product is the Silage Corn Straw fermented in horizental silo after about 1 month.
(3) preparation of additive (every 1 kilogram contains)：160,000 IU of vitamin A, 60,000 IU of vitamine D3, vitamin E
400mg, copper 300mg, iron 3600mg, manganese 1800mg, zinc 1900mg, calcium 17%, total phosphorus 3%, iodine 36mg, selenium 7mg.
(4) it forms and stocks up according to 1 raw material of example, all materials are placed in mixing machine and are stirred, what is stirred evenly is complete
Mixed material, as product.
Embodiment 3
A kind of take wet peanut seedling as the Fattening Goats fully mixed diet (TMR) of main roughage raw material, including following weight
The raw material of part content：Wet peanut seedling powder 50, Silage Corn Straw 20, corn particle 21, dregs of beans 4, wheat bran 4, salt 0.5, urea
0.5, additive 0.5.
The specific preparation step of fully mixed diet is：
(1) preparation of wet peanut seedling powder：The residues such as rattan seedling and cauline leaf after taking crops peanut to harvest, go mud to dry,
It is prescinded with hay cutter to 4 centimetres, is then crushed into powder again with pulverizer.
(2) preparation of Silage Corn Straw：Remaining straw harvesting after the corn of milk stage is harvested is dried one day and is adjusted
Water content is prescinded with hay cutter to 4 centimetres of segment to 65%；By in the direct spirt silage silo of the corn stover of chopping, broken straw
Every 1 meter or so of the increase of stalk jams on several times into people, after silage silo is filled, continues to load broken corn stover 1-1.5 meters high (be higher by
1-1.5 meters of entrance of cellar)；Plastic film seal is used after corn stover in horizental silo is treaded, and is pressed on film with weight and (is avoided moulding as far as possible
Material film breakage causes to leak), product is the Silage Corn Straw fermented in silage silo after about 1 month.
(3) preparation of additive (every 1 kilogram contains)：200,000 IU of vitamin A, 80,000 IU of vitamine D3, vitamin E
450mg, copper 500mg, iron 6000mg, manganese 3000mg, zinc 3000mg, calcium 26%, total phosphorus 3.5%, iodine 80mg, selenium 10mg.
(4) it forms and stocks up according to 1 raw material of example, all materials are placed in mixing machine and are stirred, what is stirred evenly is complete
Mixed material, as product.
The fully-mixed daily feed prepared using this example has carried out following zoopery as trial target：
Experimental animal source：The white goat test site (kind in Shanghai academy of agricultural sciences Chongming：Yangtze River Delta White goat)
Experimental design：According to weight close to (± 1.0 kilograms), age in days close (± 5 days), the principle without disease, 3-4 is selected
Between monthly age, weight is ram 20 small in the white goat wean in 15 kilograms or so of Chongming, is randomly divided into 2 groups, respectively control group and
Of the present invention group.Experiment periods are 4 weeks, pre- to raise (trial test) 1 week.This test control group uses the conventional smart coarse fodder separately side of feeding
Formula first feeds roughage, or so interval half an hour feeds concentrated feed again.Concentrated feed composition and formula and the embodiment of the present invention 1
Identical, all Silage Corn Straws of the roughage of control group fed of group, smart coarse fodder percent by weight of dry matter are 35:65；This
Invention group feeds the fully mixed diet product of embodiment 1 in the present invention, tests whole process and uses free choice feeding and free water, in addition to
The feed of use and feed mode difference, two groups of indistinctions of other feeding and management methods.
Empty stomach title is carried out before feeding in the morning during test, in on-test and when off-test to the goat in test
Weight records material issuance amount and surplus doses daily, calculates every group during entire test of feed consumption.Test sheep only increases weight, adopts
Food and price of deed situation are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 tests sheep and only increases weight, searches for food and price of deed situation
It is above-mentioned statistics indicate that feed of the invention is compared with the feed used originally, sheep weight gain only and the price of deed are better than
Feed originally.
According to the data of record, the economic benefit situation that further every sheep of analysis present invention group and control group obtains,
Specifically it is shown in Table 2.
Table every sheep Economic and Efficiency Analysis of 2 28 days experimental periods
Note：Every sheep is averaged feed relative × feed unit price that every sheep consumes during feed cost=test
Labour cost is calculated according to 28 days wastage in bulk or weight labour costs of every sheep, since control group is using traditional coarse fodder and fine fodder
The mode separately fed spends manually relatively more, about 0.75 yuan/day.And of the present invention group is using fully mixed diet
(TMR) feeding pattern compares saving manually, about 0.55 yuan/day.
Every sheep total augment weight amount × sheep market price during newly-increased income=test (current hair sheep is according to 40 yuan/kilogram)
Every sheep always puts into=and every sheep is averaged feed cost+labour cost
Every sheep net income=- every sheep of newly-increased income always puts into during test
The data of this part should indicate that the present invention is mixed due to having used a large amount of wet peanut seedling in feed, and using complete
Daily ration (TMR) technology leads to the cheap of feed of the present invention, therefore every sheep consumption totle drilling cost is lower, and feed of the present invention institute
The sheep weight gain of nursing is higher than the effect of original forage feed, causes the net income of every sheep during test higher.
Our unit feeds the Changjiang river so that wet peanut seedling is main roughage source production meat goat fully mixed diet (TMR)
The white goat in delta, test are proved in the case where keeping same production performance horizontal, to feed cost is reduced, improve goat economic benefit
There is remarkable result.
We replace part roughage raw material that meat goat TMR daily ration is made, in this way by scientific formula with wet peanut seedling
The production performance for neither influencing goat, can also reduce feed cost, improve the economic benefit of cultivation.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various deformations or amendments within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring substantive content of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. it is a kind of with wet peanut seedling be main roughage Fattening Goats fully mixed diet, which is characterized in that including following weight
The raw material of part content：Wet peanut seedling powder 30-50, Silage Corn Straw 20-40, corn particle 15-22, dregs of beans 3-8, wheat bran 4-8,
Salt 0.2-0.5, urea 0.2-0.5, additive 0.2-0.5.
2. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of with wet peanut seedling be main roughage Fattening Goats fully mixed diet, it is special
Sign is, it is preferred to use following components and parts by weight content：Wet peanut seedling powder 30-50, Silage Corn Straw 20-40, corn are broken
Grain 18, dregs of beans 5, wheat bran 6, salt 0.4, urea 0.4, additive 0.2.
3. it is according to claim 1 or 2 it is a kind of with wet peanut seedling be main roughage Fattening Goats fully mixed diet,
It is characterized in that, the wet peanut seedling powder is that the rattan seedling or cauline leaf residue after being harvested by crops peanut are removed mud, drying
Reason, pulverization process obtain.
4. it is according to claim 3 it is a kind of with wet peanut seedling be main roughage Fattening Goats fully mixed diet, it is special
Sign is that the drying process is to dry, and the break process method is to be cut rattan seedling or cauline leaf residue with hay cutter
It is as short as 3-4 centimetres.
5. it is according to claim 1 or 2 it is a kind of with wet peanut seedling be main roughage Fattening Goats fully mixed diet,
It is characterized in that, the preparation method of the Silage Corn Straw comprises the following steps that：
(1) adjustment water content weight percentage is dried in remaining straw harvesting after harvesting the corn of milk stage
To 60%-70%, break process is then carried out；
(2) by the direct spirt horizental silo of corn stover or silage silo after break process, every 1 meter of the increase of crushing straw is compacted
Processing, after horizental silo or silage silo are filled, continues to load broken corn stover, it is made to be higher by 1-1.5 meters of entrance of cellar or pond mouthful；
(3) will be stored after the corn stover compacting in horizental silo or silage silo with plastic film seal, after fermentation horizental silo or
Product is the Silage Corn Straw fermented in silage silo.
6. it is according to claim 5 it is a kind of with wet peanut seedling be main roughage Fattening Goats fully mixed diet, it is special
Sign is that drying method is sunning in step (1), and break process is to be cut the Silage Corn Straw after drying with hay cutter
It is as short as 3-4 centimetres of segment.
7. it is according to claim 5 it is a kind of with wet peanut seedling be main roughage Fattening Goats fully mixed diet, it is special
Sign is that step (2) and (3) can also press for the corn stover after break process to be fitted into the bucket for being cased with clean polybag
Actual load expires and is higher by bung hole 20-30cm.It is stored after plastic bag sealing, plastic barrel is buckled to, be pressed on bucket with weight, fermentation is completed
After obtain Silage Corn Straw.
8. it is according to claim 1 or 2 it is a kind of with wet peanut seedling be main roughage Fattening Goats fully mixed diet,
It is characterized in that, every kilogram of additive of addition contains：Ten thousand IU of ten thousand IU of vitamin A 12-20,3 3.4-8 of vitamin D, vitamin E
350-500mg, copper 100-500mg, iron 1200-6000mg, manganese 600-3000mg, zinc 800-3000mg, weight percent calcium are
8%-26%, total phosphorus weight percent are 2.5-3.2%, iodine 12-80mg, selenium 4-10mg.
9. a kind of preparation side with the Fattening Goats fully mixed diet that wet peanut seedling is main roughage as described in claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that according to the raw material components and parts by weight content stock in claim 1, all materials are placed in mixing
It is stirred evenly in machine, obtaining full mixed material is product.
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| CN110338269A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-10-18 | 刘建军 | A method of nonreactive mutton sheep TMR particulate material is produced using peanut vine |
| CN111567687A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-08-25 | 贵州省草业研究所 | Nonreactive sheep fermentation total mixed ration containing nitraria tangutorum bobr |
| CN112237242A (en) * | 2020-04-11 | 2021-01-19 | 内蒙古宏鹏科技发展有限公司 | Preparation method of mutton sheep forage grass type total mixed ration |
| CN112998145A (en) * | 2021-04-17 | 2021-06-22 | 河南农业大学 | Mutton sheep full-mixed pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
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| 甘肃省农牧厅: "《饲草饲料加工与使用技术读本》", 30 November 2014, 甘肃科学技术出版社 * |
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| CN110338269A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-10-18 | 刘建军 | A method of nonreactive mutton sheep TMR particulate material is produced using peanut vine |
| CN112237242A (en) * | 2020-04-11 | 2021-01-19 | 内蒙古宏鹏科技发展有限公司 | Preparation method of mutton sheep forage grass type total mixed ration |
| CN111567687A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-08-25 | 贵州省草业研究所 | Nonreactive sheep fermentation total mixed ration containing nitraria tangutorum bobr |
| CN112998145A (en) * | 2021-04-17 | 2021-06-22 | 河南农业大学 | Mutton sheep full-mixed pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
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