CN101999550B - Milk caw replacement cattle TMR fermented feed taking water hyacinth as raw material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Milk caw replacement cattle TMR fermented feed taking water hyacinth as raw material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101999550B CN101999550B CN2010105783226A CN201010578322A CN101999550B CN 101999550 B CN101999550 B CN 101999550B CN 2010105783226 A CN2010105783226 A CN 2010105783226A CN 201010578322 A CN201010578322 A CN 201010578322A CN 101999550 B CN101999550 B CN 101999550B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention relates to a milk caw replacement cattle totally mixed rations (TMR) fermented feed taking water hyacinth as a raw material and a preparation method thereof. The fermented feed comprises the following components in part by mass: 50 to 150 parts of water hyacinth powder, 350 to 850 parts of straw, 100 to 300 parts of base material, 30 to 80 parts of molasses, 0.005 to 0.010 part of leaven, and 1 to 5 parts of mildew-proofing agent. The components are uniformly stirred and mixed by a stirring machine, and then are bagged for fermentation so as to prepare the milk caw replacement cattle TMR fermented feed. The milk caw replacement cattle TMR fermented feed significantly improves the bioavailability of feed nutrients of the water hyacinth and improves the palatability of the water hyacinth, thereby reducing the cost of the replacement cattle feed without changing the feeding effect; the prepared feed also can improve the anti-anaphylaxis, anti-virus and anti-stress capacities of the replacement cattle at the same time, enhance the immunity of the replacement cattle, and promote the growth development of the replacement cattle; and more importantly, the milk caw replacement cattle TMR fermented feed solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by crazy growing in most places.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of TMR fermented feed, particularly relating to a kind of is the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed and preparation method thereof of raw material with the water hyacinth.
Background technology
The notion that milk cow mixes (TMR) daily ration (Totally Mixed Rations) entirely be meant according to different milk cows grow and the lactation stage milk cow nutritional need with raise purpose; The milk cow full-value nutritious diet prescription of designing according to nourishing regulate and control technique and many feed collocations principle mixes all feeds of feeding cow every day (roughage, ensilage, concentrated feed and all kinds of special feed and feed addictive) through specific equipment and feed processing technology the feed processing technology of confession cow feeding equably by this prescription.Milk cow mix daily ration (TMR) technical guarantee entirely each mouthful feed that milk cow searched for food all be balanced in nutrition.The interaction energy that milk cow mixes (TMR) daily ration is entirely given full play to the genetic potential and the reproductive capacity of milk bovine lactation; The raising production practices that help the output of milk prove; It is stable to use milk cow to mix its lactation curve of milk cow that (TMR) daily ration technology feeds entirely; Postpartum milk secretion peak period longer duration also descends slowly, can improve the output of milk 5%～15%, improves butterfat percnetage 0.1%～0.2%.According to the nutritional need of different phase cows, consider that the convenience of TMR making is feasible, the general TMR that requires 5 kinds of different nutrition levels of modulation is respectively: high yield ox TMR, middle product ox TMR, low-yield cattle TMR, replacement cattle TMR and dry milk ox TMR.
Water hyacinth is the perennial perennial root herbaceous plant that swims.Because of its growth of bubbling through the water column, cry water lettuce again.Not only a lageniform air pocket of picture is arranged between root and leaf but also claim water hyacinth because of it.The Eichhornia crassipes cauline leaf overhangs waterborne, and tiller is crawled in the water surface.Flower is horn-like for many ribs, and pattern is gorgeous attractive in appearance.Leaf color jade green is dark partially.Ye Quanyuan, smooth have texture.Fibrous root is flourishing, and the breeding of tillering is fast, and extensive management is the good plant of beautifying the environment, purifying water.Under suitable condition, plant quantity can double in 5 days, and can increase 20%-30% every day, but about daily output 1800kg/hm2 (dry weight), amounted to fresh weight about 7.2 ten thousand kg/hm2.Generally speaking, when liquid manure was sufficient, it produced the big 5000-7000kg of amount of dry matter per year, when liquid manure is not enough, 1000-2000kg was also arranged, even can reach mu more than the annual production 60t.Because the growth of water hyacinth, fertility is strong, does not need human input, by power of nature just can be a large amount of, grow fast and spread.Adopt vegetative propagation, the trouble that can remove seeding from, reserve seed for planting and manage seed.But also harmful: the water hyacinth fertility is very strong; Be exactly because too strong, cover whole lake surface, make that the other plant in the water can not carry out photosynthesis; And the animal in the water does not obtain sufficient air and food, can not keep the ecological balance in the water.Even stop up water channel sometimes.In order rationally to utilize the advantage of water hyacinth; Should go after profits and advoid disadvantages and scientifically carry out the comprehensive regulation: the situation often additional according to nutriment in the water body of various places; Confirm that each this area utilizes the scale of water hyacinth cause,, be used to water hyacinth processing to develop stock raising by salvaging 1/10th every day to eighth speed; Can practice thrift a large amount of feed grains, solve the problem of striving grain and striving ground with grain with the people.
In the face of existing situation, how effectively to solve or alleviate water hyacinth the ecocrisis brought become the difficult problem of pendulum in ours in front.We are detected; Contain rich nutrient substances in the water hyacinth; The content of lipid, crude protein, crude fibre, total ash, NFE is respectively 4.37%, 20.8%, 16.15%, 13.43%, 42.25% in the leaves of hyacinth; Its main nutrient composition is a protein, and its content is generally 20%-26%, is easy to reach the 500-1000 kilogram with year per mu yield calculating.Therefore, it is the protein production that exists on the earth one of plant the most efficiently, and its management is simple, and production cost is low, is suitable for large-scale industrial production.If can be used effectively, when guaranteeing the resource provisioning amount, can discharge more soil and labour.
MSDS open fire cucurbit not only contains inorganic salts such as crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, potassium, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, calcium, also contains trace elements such as copper, zinc.The Argine Monohydrochloride content of the whole strain of water hyacinth is lower than leaves of hyacinth, but totally be higher than wheat, Chinese sorghum etc.Leaves of hyacinth Argine Monohydrochloride proportion of composing is suitable, is superior to rice protein and soybean protein, and is main with acidic amino acid and hydrophobic amino acid.It is thus clear that water hyacinth especially leaves of hyacinth is a kind of very important essential amino acid source.
At present in China's milk cattle cultivating industry, a key issue of restriction dairy development is that milk cow roughage is supplied with comparatively shortage, and feed cost is higher relatively, and this shortage will be along with urbanization process, dwindling of cultivated area and more severe.Present most pasture utilizes the roughage of silage corn as milk cow usually; But the supply of silage corn can only be carried out in the reaping corn phase in annual summer, and corn is longer from the time span that plantation grows into harvesting, and time harvest time is concentrated relatively again; This will cause harvesting to corn, it is shorter relatively to prescind, store the processing time; Need a large amount of horizental silos, and corn is crossed the feeding effect that long storage also can influence silage corn, and the purchasing price of silage corn is higher relatively.For addressing this problem, we expect utilizing the roughage of water hyacinth as milk cow.The blazoning property of water hyacinth and adaptability all are more intense.The water surface and mud ground all can be grown, and be also not strict to the weather conditions requirement, 13 ℃ of the growth lowest temperatures, and in the tropical and subtropical zone area, water hyacinth can annual be grown, and survives the winter naturally; Cold in the winter time area then has only 6-7 month growth period, and alleviation silage corn in milk cattle cultivating is supplied comparatively problem of shortage.
China has begun to adjust the industrial structure of animal husbandry from " 15 ", give very big attention for the development of milk industry, and milk cattle cultivating has already obtained greatly developing in recent years.But the average output of milk of the milk cow of China is not high, far below the flourishing country of milk cattle cultivating industry.Improve the level of giving milk of milk cow; The nutrition supply of milk cow and the management of science and environmental factor are all very important; But the cultivation of replacement cattle is even more important; This relates to milk cow at the digestive system in cub stage, and whether immune system etc. are grown fully, and the build of the ox that grows up also depends on the replacement cattle stage to a great extent.But because raising, replacement cattle can't see benefit immediately, thus often can not get paying attention to, particularly on the feed management of replacement cattle.The feed coarse fodder or the cow in milk of replacement cattle cheapness, palatability difference eats surplus pin material in most of pastures.This is unfavorable for the growth of replacement cattle to a great extent.And along with developing rapidly of aquaculture, feed a part processing enterprise and raiser use antibiotic, hormone, forbidden drug situation such as (like clenbuterol hydrochlorides) to happen occasionally in order to pursue commercial profit, have influenced the safety and the health of livestock products.
Water hyacinth is perennial floating life of a herbaceous plant.Through detecting, conventional nutriment level is higher in the water hyacinth.China is not enough to the nutritive value understanding of water hyacinth at present, and people generally let alone its growth to water hyacinth, cause the obstruction river course, also can influence the ecological environment of river transport.If but do not process, the replacement cattle of directly feeding, the water hyacinth palatability is poor, has peculiar smell in various degree simultaneously, influences the cow feeding amount.
Summary of the invention
It is the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed and preparation method thereof of raw material with the water hyacinth that technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of; This feed can significantly improve water hyacinth feed nutrient the biology utilization rate and improve its palatability; Thereby reduced the replacement cattle feed cost, but feeding effect is constant; Simultaneously can also improve replacement cattle antiallergy, antiviral, anti-stress ability, strengthen its immunity and promote growing of replacement cattle; The more important thing is and solved most of place because mad growth problem of environment pollution caused.
A kind of is the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the water hyacinth, and the component of its mass parts comprises: water hyacinth powder 50-150 part, stalk 350-850 part, basestocks 100-300 part, molasses 30-80 part, leavening 0.005-0.010 part and mould inhibitor 1-5 part.
The component of described fermented feed mass parts comprises:
Water hyacinth powder 50-150 part basestocks 150-280 part
Stalk 350-750 part molasses 40-70 part
Leavening 0.005-0.010 part mould inhibitor 1-4 part.
The component of described fermented feed mass parts comprises:
250 parts of 55 parts of basestocks of water hyacinth powder
50 parts in 643 parts of molasses of stalk
1.995 parts of 0.005 part of mould inhibitors of leavening.
The component of described fermented feed mass parts comprises:
200 parts of 147 parts of basestocks of water hyacinth powder
51 parts in 600 parts of molasses of stalk
1.994 parts of 0.006 part of mould inhibitors of leavening.
The component of described fermented feed mass parts comprises:
200 parts of 145 parts of basestocks of water hyacinth powder
53 parts in 600 parts of molasses of stalk
1.993 parts of leavening 0.007 mould inhibitors.
Described leavening is a lactic acid bacteria, and described mould inhibitor is a calcium formate.
Described basestocks, its active ingredient comprises: corn flour 55.87wt%～57.87wt%, dregs of beans 13.50wt%～15.50wt%, rice bran 25wt%～32wt%, wheat bran 0.00wt%～5wt%, methionine hydroxy analog 0.13wt%, additive premix 2.50wt%.
Of the present invention a kind of be the preparation method of the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the water hyacinth, comprising:
(1) processing water hyacinth makes dry powder;
(2) add TMR fermented feed raw material in mixer (TMR mixer); The component that comprises following mass parts: water hyacinth powder 50-150, stalk 350-850, basestocks 100-300, molasses 30-80, leavening 0.005-0.010 and mould inhibitor 1-5; Add water after evenly stirring, moisture is adjusted to the 45wt%-55wt% of feed gross mass;
(3) feed after will stirring is circulated in the polyethylene vacuum bag, vacuumizes the back and pricks bag sealing back and accomplish;
(4) the fermentation replacement cattle of feeding after 10-50 days.
The water hyacinth processing technology is salvaging, flushing, extruding/pulverizing, moment oven dry, pack storage, formula feed in the said step (1).
Vacuumizing back density in the said step (3) is 500800 kilograms/meter
3
The content of lipid, crude protein, crude fibre, total ash, NFE is respectively 4.37%, 20.8%, 16.15%, 13.43%, 42.25% in the leaves of hyacinth of the present invention.And its main nutrient composition is a protein, and its content is generally 20%-26%, also contains a large amount of amino acid, has certain feeding and medical value, and the feed that can be used as the reserve milk cow uses.
Leavening of the present invention is a lactic acid bacteria, but it is meant a group fermentable carbohydrates, produces the gram-positive cocci of a large amount of lactic acid or the general designation of bacillus.Lactic acid bacteria is the main fungal component of multiple animal alimentary canal; Can help form normal flora, and produce lactic acid down, have acid resistance by force at little aerobic or anaerobic condition; Can produce a kind of special antibiotic lactein, thereby effectively suppress the growth etc. of Escherichia coli, salmonella.There are a large amount of this type of report proof microorganism fodder additives to have good biological function.
Mould inhibitor of the present invention is a calcium formate, and it optionally suppresses the increment of yeast and mould.
The TMR mixer that the present invention adopts through stirring, helps well-mixed purpose, in order to fermentation.
The vacuum bag that the present invention adopts had both been protected the sealing of product effectively, helped the carrying of product again.
The present invention makes to reach the anaerobic fermentation environment in the bag because of vacuumizing the synergy with leavening, and fermentation material storage place need not specific (special) requirements, and preparation technology and bar ox are oversimplified more.
Beneficial effect
(1) the present invention can significantly improve water hyacinth feed nutrient the biology utilization rate and improve its palatability, thereby reduced the replacement cattle feed cost, but feeding effect is constant;
(2) feed of the present invention's preparation can be used as a kind of roughage confession milk cattle fooder of comparatively high-quality; In 1 year, can repeatedly gather in; Alternative silage corn supplies replacement cattle edible, effectively prolongs the service time of roughage, alleviates the problem of silage corn supply shortage in milk cow forage is produced;
(3) feed of the present invention's preparation can also improve replacement cattle antiallergy, antiviral, anti-stress ability simultaneously, strengthens its immunity and promotes growing of replacement cattle; The more important thing is and solved most of place because mad growth problem of environment pollution caused.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in the restriction scope of the present invention.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can do various changes or modification to the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
Embodiment 1
With each component among the above-mentioned fermented feed raw material 1-5 join mix in the TMR mixer after, moisture is adjusted to the 45%-55% of feed gross mass; Pour in the polyethylene film vacuum bag, reach requirement density (500-800 kilogram/rice after vacuumizing
3), prick bag sealing back and accomplish; The replacement cattle of to feed after 10-50 days of fermenting.
The raw material of respectively organizing in the foregoing description is feed grade, and is conventional commercially available prod, and information is following:
Water hyacinth powder: Shanghai XinYi BaiLuDa Medicine Co., Ltd
Stalk: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Basestocks: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Molasses: Shanghai Meng Texin animal husbandry Co., Ltd
Leavening: French Lallemand USA Inc.
Mould inhibitor: go up sea green source Fine Chemical Co., Ltd
Embodiment 2
Use the 1st kind of fermented feed raw material among the embodiment 1, with each component join mix in the TMR mixer after, moisture is adjusted to 50% of feed gross mass; Pour in the polyethylene film vacuum bag, reach requirement density (500-800 kilogram/rice after vacuumizing
3), prick bag sealing back and accomplish; Fermented 15 days.
The laboratory is analyzed: will ferment and sample detection dry, crude protein, crude fat, ADF, the content of NDF and coarse ash with 15 days water hyacinth powder feed of fermentation in 0 day.
The initial data of all detections is carried out statistical analysis by SPSS17.0.Result of the test shows, the 0 day water hyacinth feed of water hyacinth powder feed ratio fermentation that fermented 15 days, and dry reduces by 0.8%, and crude protein improves 0.2%, and crude fat significantly improves 0.23%, and ADF significantly improves 1.2%, and NDF reduces by 1%, and coarse ash does not change.
Embodiment 3
Use the 2nd kind of fermented feed raw material among the embodiment 1, with each component join mix in the TMR mixer after, moisture is adjusted to 50% of feed gross mass; Pour in the polyethylene film vacuum bag, reach requirement density (500-800 kilogram/rice after vacuumizing
3), prick bag sealing back and accomplish; Fermented 20 days.
The laboratory is analyzed: will ferment and sample detection dry, crude protein, crude fat, ADF, the content of NDF and coarse ash with 15 days water hyacinth powder feed of fermentation in 0 day.
The initial data of all detections is carried out statistical analysis by SPSS17.0.Result of the test shows, the 0 day water hyacinth powder feed of water hyacinth powder feed ratio fermentation that fermented 15 days, and dry reduces by 0.9%, and crude protein improves 0.3%, and crude fat significantly improves 0.26%, and ADF significantly improves 1.5%, and NDF reduces by 1.2%, and coarse ash does not change.
Embodiment 4
Use the 2nd kind of fermented feed raw material among the embodiment 1, with each component join mix in the TMR mixer after, moisture is adjusted to 50% of feed gross mass; Pour in the polyethylene film vacuum bag, reach requirement density (500-800 kilogram/rice after vacuumizing
3), prick bag sealing back and accomplish; Fermented 20 days.
The laboratory is analyzed: will ferment and sample detection dry, crude protein, effective degradation rate of ADF and NDF with 15 days water hyacinth powder feed of fermentation in 0 day.
The initial data of all detections is carried out statistical analysis by SPSS17.0.Result of the test shows that the effective degradation rate of dry of the water hyacinth powder feed that the fermentation back is more preceding than fermentation significantly improves 1.4%, and the effective degradation rate of crude protein significantly improves 3.1%, and the effective degradation rate of ADF improves 3.0%, and the effective degradation rate of NDF significantly improves 2.9%.
Embodiment 5
Test and Selection pasture 18 cephalothoraxs enclose, height, body is long and body weight is suitable 12-13 monthly age holstein cow calf healthy, that upgrowth situation is good, be divided into two groups at random, 9 every group.The bulk storage formula is raised, and freely drinks water.
Test method: the fermentation raw material prescription of the embodiment 4 that test group and control group all use, control group fed embodiment 4 unfermentable feeds, the test group feed after embodiment 4 fermentation of feeding.Throw something and feed at regular time and quantity, throw something and feed daytime 3 times, replenish and throw something and feed once night, collection in second day, the remaining feed of weighing.Regularly measure the long and body weight of chest measurement, height, body of every calf weekly respectively, survey tool: height, body length, chest measurement are measured with leather measuring tape, and body weight is used electronic scale.10 days preliminary trial periods, just trying 60 days phases.
The initial data of all measurements is carried out statistical analysis by SPSS17.0.Result of the test shows, the water hyacinth powder feed that the fermentation back is more preceding than fermentation, and average every the daily feed intake of milk cow significantly improves 4.58%.Control group and test group replacement cattle at chest measurement, height, body aspect the long and body weight all obviously greater than control group.
Table 1 is fed, and the water hyacinth powder is grown 6 monthly age calf chest measurements, height, body and the influence of body weight
In sum: the content of test group crude protein, crude fat and ADF is higher than control group among each item embodiment, and the content of test group DM and NDF is lower than control group, but coarse ash does not change; And the effective degradation rate of the dry of test group, crude protein, ADF and NDF is higher than control group.All will be higher than control group on the feed intake of test group, chest measurement, height, body length and the body weight, it is with the obvious advantage to increase weight.
Claims (8)
1. one kind is the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the water hyacinth, and the component of its mass parts is: water hyacinth powder 50-150 part, stalk 350-850 part, basestocks 100-300 part, molasses 30-80 part, leavening 0.005-0.010 part and mould inhibitor 1-5 part; Wherein, Leavening is a lactic acid bacteria; Mould inhibitor is a calcium formate; Basestocks active ingredient comprises: corn flour 55.87wt%～57.87wt%, dregs of beans 13.50wt%～15.50wt%, rice bran 25wt%～32wt%, wheat bran 0.00wt%～5wt%, methionine hydroxy analog 0.13wt%, additive premix 2.50wt%, the mass percent sum is 100%.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of be the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the water hyacinth, it is characterized in that:
The component of described fermented feed mass parts is:
Water hyacinth powder 50-150 part basestocks 150-280 part
Stalk 350-750 part molasses 40-70 part
Leavening 0.005-0.010 part mould inhibitor 1-4 part.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of be the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the water hyacinth, it is characterized in that:
The component of described fermented feed mass parts is:
250 parts of 55 parts of basestocks of water hyacinth powder
50 parts in 643 parts of molasses of stalk
1.995 parts of 0.005 part of mould inhibitors of leavening.
4. according to claim 1 a kind of be the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the water hyacinth, it is characterized in that:
The component of described fermented feed mass parts is:
200 parts of 147 parts of basestocks of water hyacinth powder
51 parts in 600 parts of molasses of stalk
1.994 parts of 0.006 part of mould inhibitors of leavening.
5. according to claim 1 a kind of be the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the water hyacinth, it is characterized in that:
The component of described fermented feed mass parts is:
200 parts of 145 parts of basestocks of water hyacinth powder
53 parts in 600 parts of molasses of stalk
1.993 parts of leavening 0.007 mould inhibitors.
One kind as claimed in claim 1 be the preparation method of the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the water hyacinth, comprising:
(1) processing water hyacinth makes dry powder;
(2) add TMR fermented feed raw material in mixer; The component of its mass parts is: water hyacinth powder 50-150, stalk 350-850, basestocks 100-300, molasses 30-80, leavening 0.005-0.010 and mould inhibitor 1-5; Add water after evenly stirring, moisture is adjusted to the 45wt%-55wt% of feed gross mass;
(3) feed after will stirring is circulated in the vacuum bag, vacuumizes the back and pricks bag sealing back and accomplish;
(4) the fermentation replacement cattle of feeding after 10-50 days.
7. according to claim 6 a kind of be the preparation method of the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the water hyacinth, it is characterized in that: storage, formula feed are dried, packed to the water hyacinth processing technology for salvagings, flushing, extruding/pulverizing, moment in the said step (1).
8. according to claim 6 a kind of be the preparation method of the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the water hyacinth, it is characterized in that: vacuumize in the said step (3) back density be 500-800 kilogram/rice
3
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| CN102550862B (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-11-20 | 包头市北辰饲料科技有限责任公司 | Total mixed ration for high producing dairy cows |
| CN106191044A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-12-07 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of gene engineering method improving lactein plnK yield |
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| JP2006174728A (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2006-07-06 | Onda Akio | Earth-friendly method for processing and utilizing water hyacinth |
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| CN101411387A (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2009-04-22 | 庄明儒 | Water hyacinth ferment feed and method for producing the same |
| CN101744104A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2010-06-23 | 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所 | Preparation method of water hyacinth fermented feeds |
| CN101791045A (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2010-08-04 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of method of processing and utilizing water hyacinth silage and utilization |
| CN101828635A (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2010-09-15 | 中国农业大学 | Low-concentrate type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows and preparation method thereof |
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