CN101999552B - TMR (total mixed ration) fermented feed taking rice grass as raw material for replacement dairy cows and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
TMR (total mixed ration) fermented feed taking rice grass as raw material for replacement dairy cows and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a TMR (total mixed ration) fermented feed taking rice grass as raw material for replacement dairy cows and a preparation method thereof, the TMR fermented feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 600-850 parts of rice grass, 40-90 parts of barley, 140-220 parts of auxiliary supplementary materials, 30-60 parts of protein in soybean meal, 8-20 parts of premix, 3-8 parts of fertilizer and 1-5 parts of antifungal agent; and the components are stirred and uniformly mixed by a stirring machine, and then bagged for fermentation treatment, and then the fermented TMR feed for the replacement dairy cows is produced. The TMR fermented feed can significantly improve the palatability of the rice grass and increase the feed nutritional value of the rice grass, the problem that the supply of silage corn in the production of the feed for the dairy cows is tight can be eased by using the rice grass, and the biological invasion type arbitrary growth of the rice grass in the coastal bottomland regions and the ecological environmental crisis caused thereby can be simultaneously eased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crops is the technical field of the TMR fermented feed of raw material, and particularly relating to a kind of is the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed and preparation method thereof of raw material with the rice grass.
Background technology
The notion that milk cow mixes (TMR) daily ration (Totally Mixed Rations) entirely be meant according to different milk cows grow and the lactation stage milk cow nutritional need with raise purpose; The milk cow full-value nutritious diet prescription of designing according to nourishing regulate and control technique and many feed collocations principle mixes all feeds of feeding cow every day (roughage, ensilage, concentrated feed and all kinds of special feed and feed addictive) through specific equipment and feed processing technology the feed processing technology of confession cow feeding equably by this prescription.Milk cow mix daily ration (TMR) technical guarantee entirely each mouthful feed that milk cow searched for food all be balanced in nutrition.The interaction energy that milk cow mixes (TMR) daily ration is entirely given full play to the genetic potential and the reproductive capacity of milk bovine lactation; The raising production practices that help the output of milk prove; It is stable to use milk cow to mix its lactation curve of milk cow that (TMR) daily ration technology feeds entirely; Postpartum milk secretion peak period longer duration also descends slowly, can improve the output of milk 5%～15%, improves butterfat percnetage 0.1%～0.2%.According to the nutritional need of different phase cows, consider that the convenience of TMR making is feasible, the general TMR that requires 5 kinds of different nutrition levels of modulation is respectively: high yield ox TMR, middle product ox TMR, low-yield cattle TMR, replacement cattle TMR and dry milk ox TMR.
The milk cattle cultivating of China has already obtained developing energetically in recent years, but with respect to milk cattle cultivatings such as America and Europe, Israel industry developed country, the average per unit area yield of China milk cow still is in reduced levels.Factors such as the nutrition supply of milk cow, administrative skill and feeding environment all can cause very big influence to the level of giving milk of milk cow; But the feeding and management of the replacement cattle that does not give milk also can not be ignored, because the development condition of the digestive system in milk cow replacement cattle stage, immune system, reproductive system, will determine build, body condition, the output of milk of cow to a great extent.But the raising to replacement cattle often is confined to immediate interest at present; Reduce the feed cost of replacement cattle simply; Feeding replacement cattle is cheap, relatively poor roughage or the cow in milk of palatability eats surplus leftover bits and pieces, and this has influenced replacement cattle normal growth, growth to a great extent.In addition, the comparatively shortage of supply that a key issue of restriction dairy development is a milk cow roughage, feed cost is higher relatively.The pasture utilizes the roughage of silage corn as milk cow usually; But the supply of silage corn can only be carried out in the reaping corn phase in annual summer; Corn is longer from the time span that plantation grows into harvesting, and time harvest time is concentrated relatively again, and this will cause harvesting, cut-out, storage processing time to corn shorter relatively; Need a large amount of horizental silos, and corn is crossed the feeding effect that long storage also can influence silage corn.For addressing this problem; We expect utilizing the roughage of rice grass as milk cow; The rice grass is distributed widely in China coastal beach area; Be a kind of adventitious plant, the rice grass of a large amount of self-sows can be unfavorable for the growth of beach area aquatic livestock, plant, and this can cause serious ecological environment crisis; But simultaneously the rice grass is a kind of ruminant feed of comparatively high-quality, can cradle every year 3 times, can when June～July rice grass heading, carry out for the 1st time, cradles when the rice grass grows to 30 centimetres of left and right sides in mid or late September for the 2nd time; The 3rd time at the early and middle ten days in November, cradles before promptly facing the winter, helps to prolong the harvesting time of roughage like this, increases the harvesting number of times, improves the quality of milk cow roughage, alleviates silage corn and supplies comparatively problem of shortage.
Consider above situation, through detecting, conventional nutriment level is higher in the rice grass, is suitable for milk cow and uses; For effectively utilizing the nutritive value of rice grass, slow down the next ecological environment crisis of rice straw cord and the short supply situation of silage corn.
Summary of the invention
It is the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed and preparation method thereof of raw material with the rice grass that technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of; This feed can significantly improve the palatability of rice grass; Increase the feed nutritive value of rice grass; Improve the feed intake of replacement cattle and ruminate effect, increase utilization rate and the feeding effect of replacement cattle, reach the purpose of effective reduction replacement cattle feed cost the rice grass; Use the rice grass can alleviate the problem of silage corn supply shortage in milk cow forage is produced, also alleviate the ecological environment crisis in coastal beach area simultaneously.
Of the present invention a kind of be the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the rice grass, the component of its mass parts comprises: rice grass 600-850 part, barley 40-90 part, auxiliary material replenish material 140-220 part, middle albumen dregs of beans 30-60 part, premix 8-20 part, leavening 3-8 part and mould inhibitor 1-5 part.
The component of described fermented feed mass parts comprises:
Rice grass 600-800 part barley 40-90 part
Auxiliary material replenishes material 140-220 part premix 8-20 part
Middle albumen dregs of beans 30-60 part mould inhibitor 1-5 part
Leavening 3-8 part.
The component of described fermented feed mass parts comprises:
75 parts of 650 portions of barleys of rice grass
Auxiliary material replenishes 10 parts of 203 parts of premixes of material
2 parts of middle 55 parts of mould inhibitors of albumen dregs of beans
5 parts of leavenings.
The component of described fermented feed mass parts comprises:
50 parts of 710 portions of barleys of rice grass
Auxiliary material replenishes 15 parts of 170 parts of premixes of material
3 parts of middle 46 parts of mould inhibitors of albumen dregs of beans
6 parts of leavenings.
The component of described fermented feed mass parts comprises:
45 parts of 760 portions of barleys of rice grass
Auxiliary material replenishes 8 parts of 140 parts of premixes of material
3 parts of middle albumen dregs of beans 40 mould inhibitors
4 parts of leavenings.
Described leavening is a lactic acid bacteria, and mould inhibitor is a calcium formate.
The composition that described auxiliary material replenishes material is brewex's grains or soybean residue.
The active ingredient of described premix is mould precious 6.2%, the milk cow complex enzyme 6.2% of magnesia 2.9%, 20% coban 0.8%, vitamin and microelement 12%, stone flour 59.9%, gram, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 12%.
Of the present invention a kind of be the preparation method of the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the rice grass, comprise
(1) adds TMR fermented feed raw material in mixer (TMR mixer); The component that comprises following mass parts: rice grass 600-850 part, barley 40-90 part, auxiliary material replenish material 140-220 part, middle albumen dregs of beans 30-60 part, premix 8-20 part, leavening 3-8 part and mould inhibitor 1-5 part; The Hou Jiashui that stirs is adjusted to moisture the 45wt%-55wt% of feed gross mass;
(2) feed after will stirring is circulated in the polyethylene film vacuum bag, vacuumizes the back and pricks bag sealing back and accomplish;
(3) the fermentation replacement cattle of feeding after 5-80 days.
Vacuumizing back density in the said step (2) is 500-800 kilogram/rice
3
Rice grass of the present invention is a kind of high quality forage, and crude protein wherein can reach 13% before heading, and full-bloom stage can drop to about 8%, and coarse ash accounts for 11%; 5 months content analysis result is the highest with glutamic acid, leucine for 18 seed amino acids, and asparatate, alanine take second place, and histidine, tryptophan, lysine are minimum; But the bright rice grass of the general per mu yield in the grassland in beach area 1000-2000 kilogram, stem/leaf ratio is 1: 2.1-1: 3.5, low beach face is about 1: 1.5.
Leavening of the present invention is a lactic acid bacteria, but it is a group fermentable carbohydrates, produces the gram-positive cocci of a large amount of lactic acid or the general designation of bacillus.Lactic acid bacteria is the main fungal component of multiple animal alimentary canal; Can help form normal flora, and can produce lactic acid down, have acid resistance by force at little aerobic or anaerobic condition; Can produce a kind of special antibiotic lactein, thereby effectively suppress the growth of Escherichia coli, salmonella.Have this type of a large amount of reports proof microorganism fodder additives have anti-infective, remove toxin, assist nutrition intake, improve good biological functions such as immunity of organisms.
Mould inhibitor of the present invention is a calcium formate, and it optionally suppresses the increment of yeast and mould.
The TMR mixer that the present invention adopts, be with all feeds raw material that comprises the rice grass through stirring, fully mix, reach the purpose that the feed nutrition equilibrium is convenient to ferment.
The fermentation packaging bag that the present invention adopts had both been protected the sealing of product effectively, helped the carrying of product again.
The vavuum pump that the present invention uses is that the TMR feed to the fermentation packaging bag of packing into vacuumizes, and is ferment-fermented creation anaerobic environment.
The present invention can make to reach the anaerobic fermentation environment in the bag because of vacuumizing the synergy with leavening, and fermentation material storage place need not specific (special) requirements, and production technology and condition are oversimplified more.
Beneficial effect
(1) the present invention can significantly improve the palatability of rice grass, increases the feed nutritive value of rice grass, improves the feed intake of replacement cattle and ruminates effect, increases utilization rate and the feeding effect of replacement cattle to the rice grass, reaches the purpose of effective reduction replacement cattle feed cost;
(2) the rice grass extensively distributes in coastal beach area; Can be used as a kind of comparatively high-quality roughage and supply the milk cattle fooder; And can repeatedly gather in 1 year; Alternative silage corn supplies replacement cattle edible, effectively prolongs the service time of roughage, alleviates the problem of silage corn supply shortage in milk cow forage is produced;
(3) carry out the TMR fermentation through rice grass, can effectively alleviate the unscrupulous growth of coastal beach area rice grass biotic intrusion formula and the ecological environment crisis that is brought thereof the low cost harvesting.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in the restriction scope of the present invention.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can do various changes or modification to the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
Embodiment 1
With each component among the above-mentioned fermented feed raw material 1-5 join mix in the TMR mixer after, in the mixer fermentation raw material, add water, moisture is adjusted to the 45%-55% of feed gross mass; After the feed that stirs is circulated in the polyethylene film vacuum bag, reach requirement density (500-800 kilogram/rice after vacuumizing
3), prick bag sealing back and accomplish; The replacement cattle of to feed after 10-80 days of fermenting.
The raw material of respectively organizing in the foregoing description is feed grade, and is conventional commercially available prod, and information is following:
Rice grass: beach ground, coastal area harvesting
Barley: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Premix: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Middle albumen dregs of beans: Shanghai ancient cooking vessel ox feed corporation,Ltd
Leavening: French Lallemand USA Inc.
Mould inhibitor: go up sea green source Fine Chemical Co., Ltd
Embodiment 2
With each component of the 1st kind of fermented feed raw material among the embodiment 1 join mix in the TMR mixer after, in the mixer fermentation raw material, add water, moisture is adjusted to the 45%-55% of feed gross mass; After the feed that stirs is circulated in the polyethylene film vacuum bag, reach requirement density (500-800 kilogram/rice after vacuumizing
3), prick bag sealing back and accomplish; Fermented 15 days.
The laboratory is analyzed: will rationally sample with 0 day rice of a collection of feed sample fermentation grass mixed fodder and 15 days rice of fermentation grass mixed culture fermentation TMR feed, and detect dry, crude protein, crude fat, ADF, the content of NDF and coarse ash.
The initial data of all detections is carried out statistical analysis by SPSS17.0.Result of the test shows, the rice grass mixed culture fermentation feed ratio fermentation of fermenting 15 days 0 day, and dry reduces by 0.91%, and crude protein improves 0.25%, and crude fat significantly improves 0.29%, and ADF significantly improves 1.3%, and NDF reduces by 1.1%, and coarse ash changes hardly.
Embodiment 3
To the pasture 6 the monthly age calf measure height, body length, chest measurement, body weight index; From these milk cows, selecting the approaching milk cow of each association matches, divides into groups; Selected altogether 16 eligible 6 the monthly age calf respectively as test group, control group milk cow (8 every group); Calf freely drinks water, searches for food, and two groups of milk cows are in the thing both sides under the same ring cowshed environment respectively.
Test method: test group and control group all use embodiment 2, the feed that ferments among the control group fed embodiment 2, and test is according to organizing the back 20 days feed of embodiment 2 fermentations of feeding.Experimental session is thrown something and fed 3 times at regular time and quantity to throwing something and feeding daytime, replenishes night and throws something and feeds once, clears up remaining feed in second day.Long and the body weight of chest measurement, height, body of every calf is measured in experiment last day (the 40th day) respectively; Height, body measurement long, chest measurement are carried out with leather measuring tape, and body weight is carried out weighing with electronic scale.The preliminary trial period of experiment is 10 days, and just the examination phase is 30 days.The initial data of all measurements is carried out statistical analysis by SPSS17.0.
Result of the test shows; Control group and test group replacement cattle in height, body aspect the long and body weight all obviously greater than control group; Month increase, monthly increment and month weightening finish, average daily feed intake increased by 6.7%, 7.7%, 15.8%, 13.9% respectively; This has explained that four fermentation TMR feeds can effectively increase the feed intake of 6 monthly age growing cattles, and to the utilization rate of feed, makes month the increasing of milk cow, growth, gain in weight obtain lifting by a relatively large margin.
Table 1 feed the rice grass to increased the 6 calf moons at monthly age, the influence of month weightening finish and body weight, average daily feed intake
Embodiment 4
With each component of the 1st kind of fermented feed raw material among the embodiment 1 join mix in the TMR mixer after, in the mixer fermentation raw material, add water, moisture is adjusted to the 45%-55% of feed gross mass; After the feed that stirs is circulated in the polyethylene film vacuum bag, reach requirement density (500-800 kilogram/rice after vacuumizing
3), prick bag sealing back and accomplish; Fermented 25 days.
The laboratory is analyzed: will rationally sample with 0 day rice of a collection of feed sample fermentation grass mixed fodder and 25 days rice of fermentation grass mixed culture fermentation TMR feed, and detect dry, crude protein, crude fat, ADF, the content of NDF and coarse ash.
The initial data of all detections is carried out statistical analysis by SPSS17.0.Result of the test shows that dry reduces by 0.94%, and crude protein improves 0.25%, and crude fat significantly improves 0.30%, and ADF significantly improves 1.3%, and NDF reduces by 1.2%, and coarse ash is no change almost.
Embodiment 5
With each component of the 2nd kind of fermented feed raw material among the embodiment 1 join mix in the TMR mixer after, in the mixer fermentation raw material, add water, moisture is adjusted to the 45%-55% of feed gross mass; After the feed that stirs is circulated in the polyethylene film vacuum bag, reach requirement density (500-800 kilogram/rice after vacuumizing
3), prick bag sealing back and accomplish; Fermented 40 days.
The laboratory is analyzed: will rationally sample with 0 day rice of a collection of feed sample fermentation grass mixed fodder and 40 days rice of fermentation grass mixed culture fermentation TMR feed, and detect dry, crude protein, crude fat, ADF, the content of NDF and coarse ash.
The initial data of all detections is carried out statistical analysis by SPSS17.0.Result of the test shows that dry reduces by 0.88%, and crude protein improves 0.20%, and crude fat significantly improves 0.23%, and ADF significantly improves 1.4%, and NDF reduces by 1.3%, and coarse ash improves basic no change.
Embodiment 6
With each component of the 1st kind of fermented feed raw material among the embodiment 1 join mix in the TMR mixer after, in the mixer fermentation raw material, add water, moisture is adjusted to the 45%-55% of feed gross mass; After the feed that stirs is circulated in the polyethylene film vacuum bag, reach requirement density (500-800 kilogram/rice after vacuumizing
3), prick bag sealing back and accomplish; Fermented 60 days.
The laboratory is analyzed: will rationally sample with 0 day rice of a collection of feed sample fermentation grass mixed fodder and 60 days rice of fermentation grass mixed culture fermentation TMR feed, and detect dry, crude protein, crude fat, ADF, the content of NDF and coarse ash.
The initial data of all detections is carried out statistical analysis by SPSS17.0.Result of the test shows that dry reduces by 0.91%, and crude protein improves 0.12%, and crude fat significantly improves 0.25%, and ADF significantly improves 1.3%, and NDF reduces by 1.2%, and coarse ash improves 0.01%.
In sum: according to embodiment 2,4,5; In the test group rice grass mixed culture fermentation TMR feed; The content of crude protein, crude fat and ADF all will be higher than control group (not fermentation group); And because yeast flora to the degraded utilization of carbohydrate, has caused the content of test group DM and NDF and decline occurred, but the coarse ash content is little.In embodiment 2, the feed intake of 6 monthly age of test group growing cattle, month increase, monthly increment and a month weightening finish all be higher than control group, the feed palatability strengthens, the feed conversion effect obviously improves.
From each embodiment, this technology can significantly improve the palatability and the utilization rate of rice grass, increases the feed intake of calf and the benefit of feeding, and reduces the feed cost that replacement cattle is raised; The result of EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE shows that the rice grass can substitute silage corn as milk cow replacement cattle coarse fodder, gives milk cow the comparatively nutrition supply of high-quality is provided, and promotes growing of replacement cattle.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the rice grass, and the component of its mass parts is: rice grass 600-850 part, barley 40-90 part, auxiliary material replenish material 140-220 part, middle albumen dregs of beans 30-60 part, premix 8-20 part, leavening 3-8 part and mould inhibitor 1-5 part; Wherein, Leavening is a lactic acid bacteria; Mould inhibitor is a calcium formate; The composition that auxiliary material replenishes material is brewex's grains or soybean residue, and the active ingredient of premix is mould precious 6.2%, the milk cow complex enzyme 6.2% of magnesia 2.9%, 20% coban 0.8%, vitamin and microelement 12%, stone flour 59.9%, gram, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 12%;
The preparation method comprises:
(1) adds TMR fermented feed raw material in mixer; The component that comprises following mass parts: rice grass 600-850 part, barley 40-90 part, auxiliary material replenish material 140-220 part, middle albumen dregs of beans 30-60 part, premix 8-20 part, leavening 3-8 part and mould inhibitor 1-5 part; The Hou Jiashui that stirs is adjusted to moisture the 45wt%-55wt% of feed gross mass;
(2) feed after will stirring is circulated in the vacuum bag, vacuumizes the back and pricks bag sealing back and accomplish;
(3) the fermentation replacement cattle of feeding after 5-80 days.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of be the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the rice grass, it is characterized in that: the component of described fermented feed mass parts is:
3. according to claim 1 a kind of be the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the rice grass, it is characterized in that: the component of described fermented feed mass parts is:
4. according to claim 1 a kind of be the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the rice grass, it is characterized in that: the component of described fermented feed mass parts is:
5. according to claim 1 a kind of be the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the rice grass, it is characterized in that: the component of described fermented feed mass parts is:
One kind as claimed in claim 1 be the preparation method of the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the rice grass, comprising:
(1) adds TMR fermented feed raw material in mixer; The component that comprises following mass parts: rice grass 600-850 part, barley 40-90 part, auxiliary material replenish material 140-220 part, middle albumen dregs of beans 30-60 part, premix 8-20 part, leavening 3-8 part and mould inhibitor 1-5 part; The Hou Jiashui that stirs is adjusted to moisture the 45wt%-55wt% of feed gross mass;
(2) feed after will stirring is circulated in the vacuum bag, vacuumizes the back and pricks bag sealing back and accomplish;
(3) the fermentation replacement cattle of feeding after 5-80 days.
7. according to claim 6 a kind of be the preparation method of the milk cow replacement cattle TMR fermented feed of raw material with the rice grass, it is characterized in that: vacuumize in the said step (2) back density be 500-800 kilogram/rice
3
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| CN102178073B (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2013-01-16 | 上海市奶牛研究所 | fermented TMR (Total Mixed Ration) for 7-13-month old replacement cattle and preparation method of the fermented TMR |
| EP2826384A1 (en) | 2013-07-16 | 2015-01-21 | Evonik Industries AG | Method for drying biomass |
| WO2016050559A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 | 2016-04-07 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Process for producing a pufa-containing feedstuff by extruding a pufa-containing biomass |
| BR112017006833B1 (en) | 2014-10-02 | 2022-09-13 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | FOOD FOR ANIMALS CONTAINING POLY-UNSATURATED FATTY ACID AND A PROCESS TO PRODUCE THE SAME |
| CA2958463C (en) | 2014-10-02 | 2022-05-03 | Evonik Industries Ag | Method for raising animals |
| ES2870093T3 (en) | 2014-10-02 | 2021-10-26 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Biomass containing PUFA with high cellular stability and its use for the production of feed |
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