CN110036803A - A kind of preventing control method of tobacco pest and disease damage - Google Patents
A kind of preventing control method of tobacco pest and disease damage Download PDFInfo
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- CN110036803A CN110036803A CN201910212663.2A CN201910212663A CN110036803A CN 110036803 A CN110036803 A CN 110036803A CN 201910212663 A CN201910212663 A CN 201910212663A CN 110036803 A CN110036803 A CN 110036803A
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- disease damage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preventing control methods of tobacco pest and disease damage, it is characterized in that, the following steps are included: S1, tobacco field winter ploughing, winter ploughing depth is greater than or equal to 25 ㎝, subsoiling depth is greater than 40cm, the tobacco field uses rotation system, and the tobacco field is per mu to apply 20 kilograms of the Sun Island fermented rape cake or more, increases about 20 kilograms of soya-bean cake；S2, isolation strip is arranged to tobacco field in step S1, trapper is installed；The natural enemy insect of disease pest is taken to breed release in S3, the tobacco field through step S2；S4, biological pesticide is sprayed to the tobacco field through step S3；S5, the tobacco field clean manufacturing through step S4, the clean manufacturing include degradative plastic film, waste mulching film recycle and take off film ridging.This method solves the problems, such as the pest and disease damage during tobacco planting, reduces the amount of application of chemical pesticide, preserves the ecological environment, and reduces the pesticide residue in tobacco leaf.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to flue-cured tobacco technical field more particularly to a kind of preventing control methods of tobacco pest and disease damage.
Background technique
China is big tobacco producing country, the world today first, and tobacco has become the important industrial crops in China, pesticide
Type selects and uses to have attracted much attention and limit always.With nursery, the change of cultivation mode, the main diseases and insect pests for tobacco of causing harm
It has changed a lot.From pervious " three sick three worms " (disease: balck shank/bacterial wilt, virosis, wildfire/rust；
Insect pest: cutworm, cigarette aphid, oriental tobacco budworm/prodenia litura) based on, having developed into " three sick four worms ", (disease: balck shank/blueness is withered
Disease, virosis, wildfire/rust；Insect pest: cutworm, cigarette aphid, oriental tobacco budworm/prodenia litura, Bemisia tabaci) based on new frame,
Meanwhile root-knot nematode, root black rot cause harm it is also on the rise.
Currently, chemical prevention is still the main means of China's prevention and treatment tobacco disease pest, long-term excessive, unreasonable applicationization
Medicine of learning to farm causes following problem: 1) tobacco field ecological environment is seriously damaged；2) drug resistance of tobacco field pest is more and more stronger, makes
The amount of application for obtaining chemical pesticide increases year by year, and pollution environment aggravation also increases the planting cost of tobacco grower；3) agricultural chemical residue in tobacco
Amount has generally exceeded the standard, and quality of tobacco reduces, the final commodity value for influencing tobacco leaf.
Summary of the invention
Technical problems based on background technology, the invention proposes a kind of preventing control methods of tobacco pest and disease damage, solve
Pest and disease damage problem during tobacco planting, reduces the amount of application of chemical pesticide, preserves the ecological environment, and reduces the pesticide in tobacco leaf
Residual.
A kind of preventing control method of tobacco pest and disease damage proposed by the present invention, comprising the following steps:
S1, tobacco field winter ploughing, winter ploughing depth are greater than or equal to 25 ㎝, and subsoiling depth is greater than 40cm, and the tobacco field uses crop rotation
Mode, the tobacco field is per mu to apply 20 kilograms of the Sun Island fermented rape cake or more, increases about 20 kilograms of soya-bean cake；Improve the micro- life of soil
State, microenvironment, alleviate pest and disease damage；Carry out spring-time harrow work in time, plot ridging height all reaches 25 ㎝ or more, increases
The gas permeability of soil improves cigarette strain resistance and disease resistance；Conditional tobacco field increase per acre 100 kilograms of biological organic fertilizer with
On, enhance tobacco field microbial diversity and activity, soil protection micro-ecological environment reduces pest and disease damage occurrence degree；
S2, isolation strip is arranged to tobacco field in step S1, trapper is installed；
The natural enemy insect of disease pest is taken to breed release in S3, the tobacco field through step S2；
S4, biological pesticide is sprayed to the tobacco field through step S3；
S5, the tobacco field clean manufacturing through step S4, the clean manufacturing include degradative plastic film, waste mulching film recycle and
Film ridging is taken off, can be solved from source tobacco field " white pollution " using degradative plastic film, ecological environment of soil is improved, flue-cured tobacco is improved and produces
Amount and quality increase peasant household's income per mu；It can substitute simultaneously and take off film ridging, it is time saving and energy saving.
Preferably, in step S1, the rotation system is in tobacco-sweet potato, tobacco-Chinese medicine-peanut or tobacco-
One of medicinal material-sweet potato.
Preferably, in step S2 method particularly includes: lure aphid plant in tobacco field ridge rand plantation, or independent
Isolation strip is planted around tobacco field, traps tobacco field pest with sex-trapping utensil, can be reduced artificial pest and disease damage and be propagated probability, stop alatae
Tobacco field quantity is moved into, tobacco field Aphed population is reduced, to reduce tobacco field viral transmission entomophila, plays the role of reducing disease；It is main
Oriental tobacco budworm, cotton boll insect trap are promoted, lures worm effect obvious, average control efficiency reaches 85% or more, reduces insect prevention agriculture
Medicine uses and farming operations, has ensured tobacco leaf, the person and ecological safety.
Preferably, the specific method of step S3 include aphidius gifuensis it is anti-eliminate aphis, Encarsia formosa prevention and treatment Bemisia tabaci or cute conjunctivitis
Bee, Candle-sticks stinkbug prevention and treatment oriental tobacco budworm or bollworm are carried out release Candle-sticks stinkbug in oriental tobacco budworm/bollworm early period of origination, are released with cloudy day or dusk
It puts most preferably, discharges 20-50 head per acre according to controlling object, the later period carries out supplement release according to the quantity of pest.
Preferably, step S4 method particularly includes: tobacco field promotes general spray 2-3 secondary pollutant pesticide, popularization coverage rate 100%；
Any one or a few in Bordeaux mixture, ata spirit, avermectin, Ningnanmycin or matrine of the biological pesticide,
Bordeaux mixture is the inorganic copper fungicide of protectiveness, inhibits pathogen spore germination or mycelia by discharging soluble copper ion
Growth.
Preferably, the anti-method to eliminate aphis of the aphidius gifuensis are as follows: after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field, in tobacco contiguous plant
The warm canopy of bee-keeping is built in crop field, the quantity for raising bees warm canopy is arranged one by every 250-350 mus, by the way of type discharge bee
It carries out putting bee, mu type discharge bee amount 950-1050 head；The method of the Encarsia formosa prevention and treatment Bemisia tabaci are as follows: tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field
Afterwards, it is carried out by the way of putting bee by several times, putting bee amount per acre is 1950-2050 head.
Using technical solution of the present invention by child care, the crop rotation to vega soil, tobacco field setting isolation strip is lured with installation
Device is caught, release aphidius gifuensis, Encarsia formosa, trichogramma and Candle-sticks stinkbug spray the technologies hand such as biological pesticide and tobacco field clean manufacturing
The combination of section, has reached the green prevention and control of pest and disease damage in centering cigarette planting process, has significantly reduced the application of chemical pesticide
Amount, reduces influence of the chemical pesticide to quality of tobacco, reduces environmental pollution, improves tobacco field subenvironment；Cigarette strain of the present invention is raw
Long different times discharge different natural enemy insects, can carry out specific aim for the characteristics of different times insect pest of cigarette strain growth
Parasitism or predation, preventive effect it is obvious；The present invention it is relatively independent, at side sheet of tobacco field plantation isolation strip or in ridge rand kind
The plants such as sunflower, gold leaf Chinese scholartree are planted, alatae is stopped to move into tobacco field quantity, reduce tobacco field Aphed population, to reduce tobacco field disease
Poison propagates entomophila, and the propagation probability of virus disease can be effectively reduced.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of preventing control method of tobacco pest and disease damage, comprising the following steps:
1. vega soil child care and crop rotation:
(1) severe winter ploughs (pine), high ridging.All plot winter ploughing depth reach 25 ㎝ or more, subsoiling 40cm or more, improve
Soil micro-ecosystem, microenvironment, alleviate pest and disease damage；In time carry out spring-time harrow work, plot ridging height all reach 25 ㎝ with
On, the gas permeability of soil is increased, cigarette strain resistance and disease resistance are improved.
2018,9.61 ten thousand mu of Weifang City tobacco field whole severe winters ploughed (pine), high ridging；(pine), height are ploughed with the unexecuted severe winter
The time of ridging is compared, and tobacco field soil-borne disease incidence averagely reduces 5% or so, and insect pest incidence averagely reduces 6% left side
It is right.
(2) tobacco field crop rotation.The rotation system based on cigarette is established, " flue-cured tobacco-is sweet for implementation in tobacco leaf home farm tobacco field
Potato ", rotation system have played positive effect in control soil-borne disease insect pest.
2018, tobacco field crop rotation technology in 2.62 ten thousand mu of Zhucheng Demonstration And Extension, 0.88 ten thousand mu of Linqu, 0.43 ten thousand mu of Anqiu,
Highly dense 0.23 ten thousand mu, 0.32 ten thousand mu of Changle.
Compared with conventional tobacco field
(3) soil conservation.Tobacco field is per mu to apply 20 kilograms of the Sun Island fermented rape cake, increases about 20 kilograms of soya-bean cake.It is conditional
Tobacco field increases 100 kilograms of biological organic fertilizer per acre, enhances tobacco field microbial diversity and activity, soil protection micro-ecological environment,
Reduce pest and disease damage occurrence degree.
2. isolation strip and installation trapper is arranged in tobacco field:
(1) isolation strip is set.It is relatively independent, at the sheet of tobacco field in side plant isolation strip, artificial pest and disease damage can be reduced and passed
Broadcast probability.Or plant gold leaf Chinese scholartree, pumila, sunflower etc. in ridge rand and lure aphid plant, stop alatae to move into tobacco field quantity,
Tobacco field Aphed population is reduced, to reduce tobacco field viral transmission entomophila, plays the role of reducing disease.
2018, plant isolation strip tobacco field, 0.8 ten thousand mu of Zhucheng, 0.3 ten thousand mu of Linqu, 0.38 ten thousand mu of Anqiu, Changle 0.21 ten thousand
Mu.Aphid plant is lured in highly dense ridge bottom edge demonstration plant pumila, sunflower etc., 0.2 ten thousand mu of popularizing area.
(2) trapper is installed.Tobacco field pest is traped with trapper+sex pheromone, mainly promotes oriental tobacco budworm, bollworm trapping
Device, tobacco seedlings install trapper after transplanting 15-20 days, a bollworm is installed on every 3 mu of ground and an oriental tobacco budworm trapper is (i.e. every
1.5 mu of installations, one trapper), a lure is changed within one month, average preventive effect reaches 85% or more, reduces insect prevention Pesticide use
It measures, reduce farming operations number, ensured tobacco leaf, the person and ecological safety.
Compared with conventional tobacco field
3. the breeding of natural enemy insect discharges:
(1) aphidius gifuensis is anti-eliminates aphis.After tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field, it is small that bee-keeping is built in flue-cured tobacco contiguous plant crop field
Warm canopy is put the quantity of bee canopy by the every 300 mu one small temperature canopies of setting, is carried out putting bee, mu type discharge by the way of type discharge bee
Bee amount 1000.
Aphidius gifuensis is anti-to eliminate aphis: putting bee investigation result, Technique Popularizing area according to crop field, average organism control efficiency reaches
To 78.5%, the anti-chemical pesticide amount of application that eliminates aphis reduces 100%.
Aphidius gifuensis is anti-to eliminate aphis Technique Popularizing area compared with check plot
(2) Encarsia formosa prevents and treats Bemisia tabaci.
Encarsia formosa is bred as host plant mass rearing Bemisia tabaci using tobacco, after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field, is adopted
It is carried out with the mode for putting bee by several times, putting bee amount per acre is 2000, and average organism control efficiency can reach 66.3%.
2018, Encarsia formosa prevented and treated 1.5 ten thousand mu of Bemisia tabaci popularizing area, and average organism control efficiency can reach
66.3%.
Compared with the conventional tobacco field of unused Encarsia formosa
(3) trichogramma, Candle-sticks stinkbug prevent and treat oriental tobacco budworm/bollworm.
Using trichogramma can efficient parasitic pest ovum characteristic, 2018, trichogramma prevented and treated bollworm technology in Zhucheng
2000 mu are promoted, average control efficiency reaches 63.1%.
Compared with the conventional tobacco field of unused trichogramma
Release Candle-sticks stinkbug is carried out in oriental tobacco budworm/bollworm early period of origination, it is best with cloudy day or at dusk release.According to controlling object
20-50 head is discharged per acre.Later period carries out supplement release according to the quantity of pest.
It 2018, promotes Candle-sticks stinkbug and prevents and treats oriental tobacco budworm/500 mu of bollworm technology, average organism control efficiency reaches 75%, prevents
It controls oriental tobacco budworm/bollworm pesticide and reduces 45%.
Compared with the plot of unused Candle-sticks stinkbug
4. using biological pesticide:
Bordeaux mixture is the inorganic copper fungicide of protectiveness, inhibits pathogen spore to sprout by discharging soluble copper ion
Hair or mycelia growth.Whole tobacco fields promote the general spray protectant measure of 2-3 Bordeaux mixture, promote coverage rate 100%；It is also main
The biological pesticides such as ata spirit, avermectin, Ningnanmycin and matrine are promoted the use of, biological pesticide realizes all standing popularization.
5. tobacco field clean manufacturing:
Mainly the technologies such as film ridging are recycled and taken off including degradative plastic film, waste mulching film.It can be from source using degradative plastic film
Tobacco field " white pollution " is solved on head, improves ecological environment of soil, improves yield of flue-cured tobacco and quality, increases peasant household's income per mu；
It can substitute simultaneously and take off film ridging, it is time saving and energy saving.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preventing control method of tobacco pest and disease damage, comprising the following steps:
1. vega soil child care and crop rotation:
(1) severe winter ploughs (pine), high ridging.All plot winter ploughing depth reach 35 ㎝ or more, subsoiling 45cm or more, improve
Soil micro-ecosystem, microenvironment, alleviate pest and disease damage；In time carry out spring-time harrow work, plot ridging height all reach 35 ㎝ with
On, the gas permeability of soil is increased, cigarette strain resistance and disease resistance are improved.
2017,90,000 mu of Weifang City tobacco field whole severe winters ploughed (pine), high ridging；(pine), high ridging are ploughed with the unexecuted severe winter
Time compare, tobacco field soil-borne disease incidence reduces 5.5% or so, and insect pest incidence reduces 7% or so.
(2) tobacco field crop rotation.The rotation system based on cigarette is established, is carried out " in flue-cured tobacco-in tobacco leaf home farm tobacco field
Medicinal material-peanut " rotation system has played positive effect in control soil-borne disease insect pest.
2017, tobacco field crop rotation technology was in 2.5 ten thousand mu of Zhucheng Demonstration And Extension, 1.1 ten thousand mu of Linqu, 0.37 ten thousand mu of Anqiu, height
Close 0.7 ten thousand mu, 0.25 ten thousand mu of Changle.
Compared with conventional tobacco field
(3) soil conservation.Tobacco field is per mu to apply 26 kilograms of the Sun Island fermented rape cake or more, increases about 15 kilograms of soya-bean cake.There is item
The tobacco field of part increases 100 kilograms of biological organic fertilizer or more per acre, enhances tobacco field microbial diversity and activity, the micro- life of soil protection
State environment reduces pest and disease damage occurrence degree.
2. isolation strip and installation trapper is arranged in tobacco field:
(1) isolation strip is set.It is relatively independent, at the sheet of tobacco field in side plant isolation strip, artificial pest and disease damage can be reduced and passed
Broadcast probability.Or plant gold leaf Chinese scholartree, pumila, sunflower etc. in ridge rand and lure aphid plant, stop alatae to move into tobacco field quantity,
Tobacco field Aphed population is reduced, to reduce tobacco field viral transmission entomophila, plays the role of reducing disease.
2017, plant isolation strip tobacco field, 0.85 ten thousand mu of Zhucheng, 0.2 ten thousand mu of Linqu, 0.89 ten thousand mu of Anqiu, Changle 0.3 ten thousand
Mu.Aphid plant is lured in highly dense ridge bottom edge demonstration plant sunflower, 0.1 ten thousand mu of popularizing area.
(2) trapper is installed.Tobacco field pest is traped with trapper+sex pheromone, it is main to promote cotton boll insect trap, tobacco seedlings
Trapper is installed in transplanting after 15-20 days, a bollworm and oriental tobacco budworm trapper (i.e. every 1.5 mu of installation are installed in every 3 mu of ground
One trapper), a lure is changed within one month, preventive effect reaches 83% or more, reduces insect prevention Pesticide use amount, reduces farming
Number of operations has ensured tobacco leaf, the person and ecological safety.
Compared with not installing and using trapper tobacco field
3. the breeding of natural enemy insect discharges:
(1) aphidius gifuensis is anti-eliminates aphis.After tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field, it is small that bee-keeping is built in flue-cured tobacco contiguous plant crop field
Warm canopy is put the quantity of bee canopy by every 350 mu of left and right settings one small temperature canopy, is carried out putting bee by the way of type discharge bee, mu is held
It is continuous to put bee amount 1100 or so.
Aphidius gifuensis is anti-to eliminate aphis: putting bee investigation result, Technique Popularizing area according to crop field, average organism control efficiency reaches
To 70.5%, the anti-chemical pesticide amount of application that eliminates aphis reduces 70%.
Compared with the former unused aphidius gifuensis anti-time to eliminate aphis
(2) Encarsia formosa prevents and treats Bemisia tabaci.
Encarsia formosa is bred as host plant mass rearing Bemisia tabaci using tobacco, after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field, is adopted
It is carried out with the mode for putting bee by several times, putting bee amount per acre is 1700 or so, and average organism control efficiency can reach 59.3%.
2017, Encarsia formosa prevented and treated 1.0 ten thousand mu of Bemisia tabaci popularizing area, and average organism control efficiency can reach
59.3%.
Compared with the conventional tobacco field of unused Encarsia formosa
(3) trichogramma, Candle-sticks stinkbug prevent and treat oriental tobacco budworm/bollworm.
Using trichogramma can efficient parasitic pest ovum characteristic, 2017, trichogramma prevented and treated bollworm technology in Zhucheng
1500 mu are promoted, control efficiency reaches 60.1%.
Compared with the conventional tobacco field of unused trichogramma
| Tobacco field classification | Bollworm is average, and a situation arises (head/plant) |
| Conventional tobacco field | 14.00 |
| Trichogramma releases tobacco field | 5.50 |
Release Candle-sticks stinkbug is carried out in oriental tobacco budworm/bollworm early period of origination, it is best with cloudy day or at dusk release.According to controlling object
20-60 head is discharged per acre.Later period carries out supplement release according to the quantity of pest.
It 2017, promotes Candle-sticks stinkbug and prevents and treats oriental tobacco budworm/100 mu of bollworm technology, control efficiency reaches 65%.
Compared with the plot of unused Candle-sticks stinkbug
4. using biological pesticide:
Bordeaux mixture is the inorganic copper fungicide of protectiveness, inhibits pathogen spore to sprout by discharging soluble copper ion
Hair or mycelia growth.Whole tobacco fields promote the general spray protectant measure of 2-3 Bordeaux mixture, promote coverage rate 100%；It is also main
The biological pesticides such as ata spirit, Ningnanmycin and matrine are promoted the use of, biological pesticide realizes all standing popularization.
5. tobacco field clean manufacturing:
Mainly the technologies such as film ridging are recycled and taken off including degradative plastic film, waste mulching film.It can be from source using degradative plastic film
Tobacco field " white pollution " is solved on head, improves ecological environment of soil, improves yield of flue-cured tobacco and quality, increases peasant household's income per mu；
It can substitute simultaneously and take off film ridging, it is time saving and energy saving.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preventing control method of tobacco pest and disease damage, comprising the following steps:
1. vega soil child care and crop rotation:
(1) severe winter ploughs (pine), high ridging.All plot winter ploughing depth reach 30 ㎝ or more, subsoiling 45cm or more, improve
Soil micro-ecosystem, microenvironment, alleviate pest and disease damage；In time carry out spring-time harrow work, plot ridging height all reach 30 ㎝ with
On, the gas permeability of soil is increased, cigarette strain resistance and disease resistance are improved.
2016,9.1 ten thousand mu of Weifang City tobacco field whole severe winters ploughed (pine), high ridging；(pine), raised is ploughed with the unexecuted severe winter
The time on ridge is compared, and tobacco field soil-borne disease incidence reduces 4% or so, and insect pest incidence reduces 5% or so.
(2) tobacco field crop rotation.The rotation system based on cigarette is established, is carried out " in flue-cured tobacco-in tobacco leaf home farm tobacco field
Medicinal material-peanut or sweet potato " rotation system has played positive effect in control soil-borne disease insect pest.
2016, tobacco field crop rotation technology in 2.62 ten thousand mu of Zhucheng Demonstration And Extension, 0.88 ten thousand mu of Linqu, 0.43 ten thousand mu of Anqiu,
Highly dense 0.23 ten thousand mu, 0.32 ten thousand mu of Changle.
Compared with conventional tobacco field
(3) soil conservation.Tobacco field is per mu to apply 30 kilograms of the Sun Island fermented rape cake or more, increases about 10 kilograms of soya-bean cake.There is item
The tobacco field of part increases 100 kilograms of biological organic fertilizer or more per acre, enhances tobacco field microbial diversity and activity, the micro- life of soil protection
State environment reduces pest and disease damage occurrence degree.
2. isolation strip and installation trapper is arranged in tobacco field:
(1) isolation strip is set.It is relatively independent, at the sheet of tobacco field in side plant isolation strip, artificial pest and disease damage can be reduced and passed
Broadcast probability.Or plant gold leaf Chinese scholartree, pumila etc. in ridge rand and lure aphid plant, stop alatae to move into tobacco field quantity, reduces cigarette
Field Aphed population plays the role of reducing disease to reduce tobacco field viral transmission entomophila.
2016, plant isolation strip tobacco field, 0.9 ten thousand mu of Zhucheng, 0.2 ten thousand mu of Linqu, 0.83 ten thousand mu of Anqiu, Changle 0.3 ten thousand
Mu.Aphid plant is lured in highly dense ridge bottom edge demonstration plant pumila, 0.05 ten thousand mu of popularizing area.
(2) trapper is installed.Tobacco field pest is traped with trapper+sex pheromone, mainly promotes oriental tobacco budworm, bollworm trapping
Device, tobacco seedlings install trapper after transplanting 15-20 days, a bollworm is installed on every 3 mu of ground and an oriental tobacco budworm trapper is (i.e. every
1.5 mu of installations, one trapper), change within one month a lure, preventive effect reaches 80% or more, reduce insect prevention Pesticide use amount,
Farming operations number is reduced, has ensured tobacco leaf, the person and ecological safety.
Compared with not installing and using trapper tobacco field
3. the breeding of natural enemy insect discharges:
(1) aphidius gifuensis is anti-eliminates aphis.After tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field, it is small that bee-keeping is built in flue-cured tobacco contiguous plant crop field
Warm canopy is put the quantity of bee canopy by every 400 mu of left and right settings one small temperature canopy, is carried out putting bee by the way of type discharge bee, mu is held
It is continuous to put bee amount 1500 or so.
Aphidius gifuensis is anti-to eliminate aphis: putting bee investigation result, Technique Popularizing area according to crop field, average organism control efficiency reaches
To 65.8% or more, the anti-chemical pesticide amount of application that eliminates aphis reduces 60% or more.
Compared with the former unused aphidius gifuensis anti-time to eliminate aphis
(2) Encarsia formosa prevents and treats Bemisia tabaci.
Encarsia formosa is bred as host plant mass rearing Bemisia tabaci using tobacco, after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field, is adopted
It is carried out with the mode for putting bee by several times, putting bee amount per acre is 1800 or so, and average organism control efficiency can reach 60.8%.
2016, Encarsia formosa prevented and treated 0.5 ten thousand mu of Bemisia tabaci popularizing area, and average organism control efficiency can reach
60.8%.
Compared with the conventional tobacco field of unused Encarsia formosa
(3) trichogramma, Candle-sticks stinkbug prevent and treat oriental tobacco budworm/bollworm.
Using trichogramma can efficient parasitic pest ovum characteristic, 2016, trichogramma prevented and treated oriental tobacco budworm/bollworm technology
500 mu are promoted in Zhucheng, control efficiency reaches 60.7%.
Compared with the conventional tobacco field of unused trichogramma
Release Candle-sticks stinkbug is carried out in oriental tobacco budworm/bollworm early period of origination, it is best with cloudy day or at dusk release.According to controlling object
20-50 head is discharged per acre.Later period carries out supplement release according to the quantity of pest.
It 2016, promotes Candle-sticks stinkbug and prevents and treats oriental tobacco budworm/50 mu of bollworm technology, control efficiency obviously reaches 57%.
Compared with the plot of unused Candle-sticks stinkbug
4. using biological pesticide:
Bordeaux mixture is the inorganic copper fungicide of protectiveness, inhibits pathogen spore to sprout by discharging soluble copper ion
Hair or mycelia growth.Whole tobacco fields promote the general spray protectant measure of 2-3 Bordeaux mixture, promote coverage rate 100%；It is also main
The biological pesticides such as ata spirit, avermectin, Ningnanmycin and matrine are promoted the use of, biological pesticide realizes all standing popularization.
5. tobacco field clean manufacturing:
Mainly the technologies such as film ridging are recycled and taken off including degradative plastic film, waste mulching film.It can be from source using degradative plastic film
Tobacco field " white pollution " is solved on head, improves ecological environment of soil, improves yield of flue-cured tobacco and quality, increases peasant household's income per mu；
It can substitute simultaneously and take off film ridging, it is time saving and energy saving.
Above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
This, anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention
And its inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preventing control method of tobacco pest and disease damage, which comprises the following steps:
S1, tobacco field winter ploughing, winter ploughing depth are greater than or equal to 25 ㎝, and subsoiling depth is greater than 40cm, and the tobacco field uses rotation system,
The tobacco field is per mu to apply 20 kilograms of the Sun Island fermented rape cake or more, increases about 20 kilograms of soya-bean cake；
S2, isolation strip is arranged to tobacco field in step S1, trapper is installed；
The natural enemy insect of disease pest is taken to breed release in S3, the tobacco field through step S2；
S4, biological pesticide is sprayed to the tobacco field through step S3；
S5, the tobacco field clean manufacturing through step S4, the clean manufacturing include degradative plastic film, waste mulching film recycling and take off film
Ridging.
2. a kind of preventing control method of tobacco pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S1, the wheel
Operation mode is one of tobacco-sweet potato, tobacco-Chinese medicine-peanut or tobacco-Chinese medicine-sweet potato.
3. a kind of preventing control method of tobacco pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the specific side in step S2
Method are as follows: lure aphid plant in tobacco field ridge rand plantation, or plant isolation strip around independent tobacco field, lured with sex-trapping utensil
Catch tobacco field pest.
4. a kind of preventing control method of tobacco pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the specific method of step S3
Including aphidius gifuensis it is anti-eliminate aphis, Encarsia formosa prevention and treatment Bemisia tabaci or trichogramma, Candle-sticks stinkbug prevention and treatment oriental tobacco budworm or bollworm.
5. a kind of preventing control method of tobacco pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the specific method of step S4
Are as follows: tobacco field promotes general spray 2-3 secondary pollutant pesticide, and the biological pesticide is mould selected from Bordeaux mixture, ata spirit, avermectin, Ningnan
Element or matrine in any one or a few.
6. a kind of preventing control method of tobacco pest and disease damage according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the aphidius gifuensis prevention and treatment
The method of aphid are as follows: after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field, the warm canopy of bee-keeping, the warm canopy of the bee-keeping are built in tobacco contiguous plant crop field
Quantity by 350 mu of every 250- be arranged one, carry out putting bee, mu type discharge bee amount 950-1050 by the way of type discharge bee
Head；The method of the Encarsia formosa prevention and treatment Bemisia tabaci are as follows: after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field, carried out by the way of putting bee by several times, often
It is 1950-2050 head that mu, which puts bee amount,.
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Application publication date: 20190723 |