CN110026235B - 一种用于丙烷脱氢制备丙烯的催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于丙烷脱氢制备丙烯的催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B01J29/005—Mixtures of molecular sieves comprising at least one molecular sieve which is not an aluminosilicate zeolite, e.g. from groups B01J29/03 - B01J29/049 or B01J29/82 - B01J29/89
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Abstract
本发明属于催化剂领域,具体涉及一种用于丙烷脱氢制备丙烯的催化剂及其制备方法。该催化剂是以经Al改性的SBA‑15‑SAPO‑34共晶分子筛为催化剂载体,负载活性金属Pt和助剂Sn。其中,SAPO‑34分子筛提供反应的酸性位,并通过孔道择形效应提升丙烯的选择性;SBA‑15是一种介孔分子筛,与SAPO‑34共晶后提供介孔传质通道,使得大量反应原料迅速扩散至催化活性位点进行反应;同时通过少量Al调节SBA‑15分子筛的酸性。本发明所得的催化剂对丙烷脱氢制备丙烯具有较高的催化活性和催化选择性,丙烷转化率可达39%,丙烯选择性可达99%,且,抗积碳性能优异,使用寿命长,具有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂领域,具体涉及一种用于丙烷脱氢制备丙烯的催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
丙烯是一种重要的基本有机化工原料,主要用来生产聚丙烯、丙酮、丙烯腈、环氧丙烷等化工中间体。21世纪以来,石油化工行业迅猛发展,极大程度的提升了全球丙烯的消耗量,日益增长的丙烯需求与难以增加的丙烯生产能力之间的矛盾极为突出。丙烯的生产原料主要来源于石油化工生产过程的副产品,甲醇制烯烃工艺、烯烃转化制取丙烯是目前较为广泛的生产工艺,然而,传统的丙烯生产工艺已不能满足化工行业对丙烯的需求,必须加快发展其它替代工艺技术,其中丙烷脱氢制丙烯工艺最受关注。
丙烷脱氢反应系统催化剂主要有两大类,分别是铂系催化剂和铬系催化剂。其中,铬催化剂具有较好的反应活性和高的选择性,价格低廉,但由于铬系列元素属于重金属,容易对环境造成破坏,因此其使用受到限制,其商业开发也受到限制。作为典型代表的Ⅷ族金属,铂催化剂适用性强使用范围较广泛,各方面性能比较优异,大量的研究学者依然更倾向于铂系催化剂。
Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O3是最常应用于丙烷脱氢制丙烯反应的催化剂,国内外已经进行了比较系统的研究,多家研究机构都发表了相关论文,亦申请了不少专利。如,专利公开号CN102049267A、CN101003458A等均公开了以Al2O3为载体,以Pt-Sn为活性组分的丙烷脱氢催化剂。该催化剂中,加入金属助剂Sn能够提升活性金属Pt的分散度,提高催化剂的整体催化性能,减少积碳,抑制副产物的发生,减缓催化剂的失活。
除了载体Al2O3,研究人员亦致力于新型载体比如ZSM-5、SAPO-34的开发工作。ZSM-5分子筛的大比表面积和独特的孔道结果,使该催化剂具有更高的反应活性和更长的寿命,但ZSM-5分子筛的水热稳定性差,孔道直径较大,对于产物没有择形效果,因此丙烯的选择性较差。选用SAPO-34分子筛替代ZSM-5作为丙烷脱氢微反实验中的催化剂载体,该PtSn/SAPO-34催化剂在固定床微反实验中表现出了对丙烷脱氢反应良好的催化选择性以及较强的抗积碳和抗磨损性能。然而,尽管SAPO-34分子筛的孔结构显示出了对丙烷脱氢制备丙烯的择形选择性,但其传质扩散性能较差,导致了催化剂使用不完全,丙烷脱氢反应收率降低,因此,如何提高上述分子筛的扩散性能也是本领域亟待解决的问题。
本发明针对上述技术问题,开发了一种PtSn/Al-SBA-15-SAPO-34催化剂,用于丙烷脱氢制备丙烯。该催化剂是以经Al改性的SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶分子筛为催化剂载体,负载活性金属Pt和助剂Sn。其中,SAPO-34分子筛提供反应的酸性位,并通过孔道择形效应提升丙烯的选择性;SBA-15是一种介孔分子筛,与SAPO-34共晶后提供介孔传质通道,使得大量反应原料迅速扩散至催化活性位点进行反应;基于纯硅SBA-15分子筛没有酸性,不利于反应活性,可采用少量的氧化铝对其进行适量的酸性调节。本发明所得的催化剂对丙烷脱氢制备丙烯具有较高的催化活性和催化选择性,丙烷转化率可达39%,丙烯选择性可达99%,具有极高的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明为解决现有技术存在的问题,提供一种以微介孔分子筛为载体的丙烷脱氢制丙烯催化剂,该催化剂具SAPO-34分子筛的微孔结构和SBA-15分子筛的介孔结构,传质性能优异,催化活性和选择性高,同时具有优异的抗积碳性能,使命寿命长,具有广泛的应用前景。
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种丙烷脱氢制丙烯催化剂,该催化剂以重量分数计,由以下组分组成:
Pt 0.001-0.8wt%
Sn 0.01-4wt%
碱金属 0-2wt%
其余为载体Al-SBA-15-SAPO-34;
其中,载体Al-SBA-15-SAPO-34为经Al改性的SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶微介孔分子筛,以共晶微介孔分子筛重量为基准,SBA-15占5-20wt%,SAPO-34占80-95wt%,改性的Al以Al2O3计为2-5wt%。
催化剂中,助剂Sn能够提高活性金属Pt的分散度,使催化剂的活性中心增多,碱金属元素的引入,可以抑制烯烃聚合等副反应,减少催化剂表面积炭,提高了催化剂的稳定性。碱金属通常为Li、Na、K,优选为K,其组成优选为1-2wt%。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种丙烷脱氢制丙烯催化剂的制备方法,包括如下制备步骤:
(1)将铝源、磷源、硅源、模板剂以物料配比Al2O3:P2O5:SiO2:R:H2O=1:1:0.6:2-3:50-100常温下搅拌反应并形成凝胶,陈化18-24h,移入带聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,180-220℃预晶化12h,得到反应浆液(一);将一定量的P123溶解在浓度为2mol/L的HCl水溶液中,加入正硅酸乙酯TEOS,P123与TEOS的质量比为0.6,搅拌10-15h,混合物转移入带聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,在100℃下预晶化12h,得到浆液(二);所得浆液(一)与浆液(二)以质量比1:0.2-0.4混合,转移入带聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,在180-220℃下晶化12h,所得沉淀分别用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤、抽滤,干燥,500-650℃焙烧得到SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶分子筛;
(2)将铝源溶于水中形成铝源浸渍液,将步骤(1)得到的SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶分子筛浸渍于上述铝源溶液中,30-80℃浸渍10-20h,干燥,焙烧,得到Al改性的SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶分子筛载体;
(3)将载体分别浸渍于含金属Pt、Sn、任选的碱金属的溶液中,或将载体浸渍于含金属Pt、Sn、任选的碱金属的混合溶液中,50-70℃浸渍5-10h,干燥,即得丙烷脱氢制丙烯催化剂。
其中,铝源可为活性氧化铝、拟薄水铝石、烷氧基铝;磷源可采用正磷酸;硅源可用硅溶胶、正硅酸酯;模板剂可选用二乙胺、三乙胺。
本发明相较于现有技术的有益效果在于:
本发明首次将SAPO-34与SAB-15分子筛结合,形成微介孔共晶分子筛,将其作为丙烷脱氢制备丙烯的催化剂载体。该载体具有能够利于扩散传质的介孔结构,同时还具有SAPO-34独特的微孔结构,起到择形催化作用。负载后的PtSn/Al-SBA-15-SAPO-34催化剂在丙烷脱氢制备丙烯的反应中具有优异的催化活性和选择性,丙烷转化率可达39%,丙烯选择性可达99%,同时,其还具有优异的抗积碳性能,使命寿命长,具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备获得的SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶分子筛的XRD图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1
(1)将拟薄水铝石、正磷酸、硅溶胶、三乙胺以物料配比Al2O3:P2O5:SiO2:R:H2O=1:1:0.6:2.2:55常温下搅拌反应并形成凝胶,陈化18h,移入带聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,200℃预晶化12h,得到反应浆液(一);将一定量的P123溶解在浓度为2mol/L的HCl水溶液中,加入正硅酸乙酯TEOS,P123与TEOS的质量比为0.6,搅拌10h,混合物转移入带聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,在100℃下预晶化12h,得到浆液(二);所得浆液(一)与浆液(二)以质量比1:0.3混合,转移入带聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,在200℃下晶化12h,所得沉淀分别用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤、抽滤,干燥,600℃焙烧得到SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶分子筛;图1为所得共晶分子筛的XRD图,其中广角XRD图显示了SAPO-34典型的特征图谱,而小角XRD谱图中可以分辨出分别属于二维六方晶系的衍射峰100、110、200,为长程有序的介孔SBA-15,说明上述制备方法获得了SAPO-34和SBA-15的共晶结构;
(2)将铝源溶于水中形成铝源浸渍液,将步骤(1)得到的SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶分子筛浸渍于上述铝源溶液中,50℃浸渍10-20h,干燥,焙烧,得到Al改性的SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶分子筛载体;
(3)将载体浸渍于含金属Pt、Sn的混合溶液中,70℃浸渍8h,干燥,即得催化剂1,记为CAT-1,催化剂的组成为:Pt0.02wt%,Sn0.5wt%,其余为载体Al-SBA-15-SAPO-34;以共晶微介孔分子筛重量为基准,SBA-15占20wt%,SAPO-34占80wt%,改性的Al以Al2O3计为2wt%。
实施例2
催化剂除了浸渍Pt、Sn,还浸渍于碱金属K溶液中,具体制备过程同实施例1。催化剂记为CAT-2,组成为:Pt0.02wt%,Sn0.5wt%,K1wt%,其余为载体Al-SBA-15-SAPO-34;载体组成同实施例1。
实施例3
催化剂主要组成同实施例1,但共晶微介孔分子筛中SBA-15占25%,SAPO-34占75wt%,记为CAT-3。
对比例1
催化剂载体为SAPO-34,活性组分的组成同实施例1,催化剂记为CAT-4。
对比例2
催化剂载体为未经处理的SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶分子筛,SBA-15与SAPO-34的比例以及活性组分的组成均同实施例1,催化剂记为CAT-5。
应用实施例1
在微型固定床反应器中评价催化剂的丙烷脱氢活性。催化剂装填于固定床反应器中,450℃下,在H2/N2混合气中原位活化3h。将反应温度升为为620℃,反应压力0.3MPa,原料氢气/丙烷1:1,原料质量空速5h-1,反应72h,结果如表1所示。
表1为各实验样品的丙烷脱氢活性
表1
样品 | 丙烷转化率% | 丙烯选择性% |
CAT-1 | 39.2 | 99.2 |
CAT-2 | 38.9 | 99.4 |
CAT-3 | 37.0 | 99.0 |
CAT-4 | 35.8 | 98.5 |
CAT-5 | 37.3 | 98.9 |
由表1可以看出,本发明中的载体SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶分子筛较常规的SAPO-34分子筛具有更高的丙烷转化率,经Al改性后,催化活性进一步提高,丙烷转化率可达39.2%。但当共晶分子筛中的SBA-15从20wt%的量升至25wt%时,其反应活性降低,说明此时起酸性作用的载体SAPO-34的量不足,因此,共晶分子筛中SBA-15的量不应大于20wt%。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种丙烷脱氢制丙烯催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下制备步骤:
(1)将铝源、磷源、硅源、模板剂、H2O以物料配比Al2O3:P2O5:SiO2:R:H2O=1:1:0.6:2-3:50-100常温下搅拌反应并形成凝胶,陈化18-24h,移入带聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,180-220℃预晶化12h,得到反应浆液(一);将一定量的P123溶解在浓度为2mol/L的HCl水溶液中,加入正硅酸乙酯TEOS,P123与TEOS的质量比为0.6,搅拌10-15h,混合物转移入带聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,在100℃下预晶化12h,得到浆液(二);所得浆液(一)与浆液(二)以质量比1:0.2-0.4混合,转移入带聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,在180-220℃下晶化12h,所得沉淀分别用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤、抽滤,干燥,500-650℃焙烧得到SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶分子筛;
(2)将铝源溶于水中形成铝源浸渍液,将步骤(1)得到的SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶分子筛浸渍于上述铝源浸渍液中,30-80℃浸渍10-20h,干燥,焙烧,得到Al改性的SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶分子筛载体;
(3)将载体分别浸渍于含金属Pt、Sn、任选的碱金属的溶液中,或将载体浸渍于含金属Pt、Sn、任选的碱金属的混合溶液中,50-70℃浸渍5-10h,干燥,即得丙烷脱氢制丙烯催化剂;
该催化剂以重量分数计,由以下组分组成:
Pt 0.001-0.8wt%
Sn 0.01-4wt%
碱金属 0- 2wt%
其余为载体Al-SBA-15-SAPO-34;
其中,载体Al-SBA-15-SAPO-34为经Al改性的SBA-15-SAPO-34共晶微介孔分子筛,以共晶微介孔分子筛重量为基准,SBA-15占5-20wt%,SAPO-34占80-95wt%,改性的Al以Al2O3计为2-5wt%;所述碱金属为Li、Na、K。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,铝源为活性氧化铝、拟薄水铝石、烷氧基铝;磷源为正磷酸;硅源为硅溶胶、正硅酸酯;模板剂选用二乙胺、三乙胺。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铝源、磷源、硅源、模板剂的物料配比优选为Al2O3:P2O5:SiO2:R =1:1:0.6:2.2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述浆液(一)与浆液(二)以质量比优选为1:0.3。
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