CN113198527B - 一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113198527B CN113198527B CN202110446391.XA CN202110446391A CN113198527B CN 113198527 B CN113198527 B CN 113198527B CN 202110446391 A CN202110446391 A CN 202110446391A CN 113198527 B CN113198527 B CN 113198527B
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- Prior art keywords
- molecular sieve
- catalyst
- hierarchical pore
- aromatic hydrocarbon
- noble metal
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- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000002149 hierarchical pore Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005899 aromatization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate group Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium nitrate Chemical compound [Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 8
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229940044658 gallium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 3
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GAGGCOKRLXYWIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Eu+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GAGGCOKRLXYWIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNHGKSMNCCTMFO-UHFFFAOYSA-D niobium(5+);oxalate Chemical compound [Nb+5].[Nb+5].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O XNHGKSMNCCTMFO-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 2
- YWECOPREQNXXBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Pr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YWECOPREQNXXBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GTCKPGDAPXUISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ru+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GTCKPGDAPXUISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 salt compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/80—Mixtures of different zeolites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/76—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G50/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
- B01J2229/186—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself not in framework positions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/44—Noble metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/48—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/74—Noble metals
- B01J29/7476—MWW-type, e.g. MCM-22, ERB-1, ITQ-1, PSH-3 or SSZ-25
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/78—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J29/7876—MWW-type, e.g. MCM-22, ERB-1, ITQ-1, PSH-3 or SSZ-25
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Abstract
本发明属于催化剂及其制备领域,涉及一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂及其制备方法。该催化剂组分包括:由硬模板法合成的多级孔HZSM‑5分子筛、HMCM‑22分子筛、主活性组分、贵金属/非贵金属改性剂和少量的粘结剂。本发明的催化剂具有优良的低碳烷烃芳构化性能,而且制备工艺简单,成本可控,具有较好的工业应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂及其制备领域,涉及一种含有复合多级孔分子筛催化剂及其制备方法,具体为一种用于用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
苯、甲苯和二甲苯(简称BTX)作为重要的基础有机化工原料已被广泛应用于多种化工产品的制备过程中。大力发展芳烃生产符合传统炼油企业由燃料型向化工型转型的发展趋势。近年来,受下游产业快速发展的影响,中国对BTX的需求量逐年增加,虽然已大力推动芳烃生产,但仍有很大一部分供应缺口依赖进口补充。随着对轻芳烃需求的不断增加以及页岩气的大量开发与应用,其凝析液中含有大量的乙烷和丙烷,因此催化轻质烷烃转化为BTX,特别是丙烷的芳构化技术在学术与工业生产领域都引起了广泛关注。
目前,已经开发的可用于C3~C4烃的芳构化工艺包括:Cyclar工艺、M2-forming工艺和Aroforming工艺等。上述几种工艺均使用的改性ZSM-5分子筛作为芳构化催化剂。虽然该工艺已工业化,但仍旧存在不少问题:积碳失活快、芳烃收率低、干气副产物多。因此研发高性能芳构化催化剂是解决上述问题关键核心。众所周知,ZSM-5分子筛是目前轻烃芳构化催化剂体系中性能较好的基地材料;国内外众多研究机构对该ZSM-5体系的芳构化催化剂广泛和深入的研究,并取得了较好研究结果。
CN1093431C制备了Mo和卤族元素改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂,用于甲烷芳构化过程性能优良,同时用于丙烷芳构化过程性能提升明显。CN1268429C提供了一种ZnM双组分改性ZSM-5芳构化催化剂,其用于甲烷和丙烷混合芳构化时,展现出了较高的烷烃转化率和芳烃收率。CN101209947B提供了一种低碳烷烃芳构化方法,采用有机硅处理的中孔沸石ZPR分子筛,用于低碳烷烃转化制芳烃,具有高的催化活性和高的芳烃选择性。CN101588866B提供了一种转化轻烃为苯、甲苯和二甲苯的MFI沸石催化剂,其催化剂采用合成的硅铝摩尔比70~100:1的分子筛为载体,Pt为活性组分。CN101108364A和CN101130168A采用纳米HZSM-5分子筛为载体,Zn为主活性组分,铽、铥、铕、镱或铒中的一种作为助剂制备了一种烷烃芳构化催化剂,用于正己烷芳构化过程取得不错的效果。CN107999100B和CN109569719A提供了一种轻质烷烃芳构化的炭基催化剂,上述炭基催化剂以多孔炭为载体,负载有机磷,或者同时负载有机磷和金属盐化合物。该体系采用有机磷为活性组份,强化了中等强度酸的分布,使得烷烃的脱氢和环化功能加强,进而提高了催化剂的活性和BTX的选择性。CN108636445A和CN108404974A提供一种低碳烷烃芳构化催化剂的一体化制备方法及其应用,其采用空壳型小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛为载体,Mo为主活性组分,该发明制备的低碳烷烃芳构化催化剂具有稳定性高、催化活性好的优点,用于甲烷脱氢芳构化反应时,甲烷的转化率高、苯的选择性、总芳烃的选择性高。CN102895992B、CN106395851B、CN107915236B、CN108285151B四个专利提供了芳构化的催化剂的制备方法,均采用L沸石为载体,Pt为活性组分的催化体系,但其主要应用于正构烷烃(5个碳及以上)的芳构化过程。
从上述专利来看,在C3~C4芳构化领域,仍旧集中在采用ZSM-5分子筛改性及后续成型制备工艺上,针对ZSM-5载体本身的性能优化较少。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有C3~C4芳构化催化剂存在的问题,提供一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂。该催化剂具有烷烃芳构化活性,BTX选择性高、催化性能稳定针对。
本发明的另外一个目的是提供以上这种催化剂的制备方法,该制备工艺简单,生产成本较低。
为了实现以上发明目的,本发明的具体技术方案为:
一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,以催化剂本身质量计,其包括以下质量百分含量的组分:40%~70%的由硬模板法合成的多级孔HZSM-5分子筛,20~40%的HMCM-22分子筛,0.1%-5.0%的主活性组分,0.05%-5.0%的贵金属改性剂,0.1%-5.0%非贵金属改性剂,10%~20%的粘结剂,以上各组分的质量百分含量之和为100%。
作为本申请中一种较好的实施方式,以上所描述的复合多级孔催化剂中,其多级孔HZSM-5分子筛制备方法如下:
采用硅溶胶为硅源,硝酸铝作为铝源,四丙基溴化铵作为模板剂。首先以SiO2:Al2O3:Na2O:TPABr:H2O=1:x:0.005:0.06:60的分子摩尔比配成合成液,通过HNO3控制pH值在11.0左右,然后加入硬模板剂并搅拌~60min;随后在动态晶化釜中于170℃晶化72h得到分子筛浆料,该浆料洗涤过滤干燥后,在流动空气条件下600℃煅烧6h得到Na-ZSM-5。
在1g分子筛消耗10ml硝酸铵溶液,即液质比10:1的条件下,Na型分子筛与1mol/L的NH4NO3溶液交换3次后烘干,在500℃煅烧4h得到所需多级孔HZSM-5分子筛原料。其中,由硬模板法合成的多级孔HZSM-5分子筛SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比20~100;硬模板剂为碳纳米管、介孔碳、炭黑中的一种,其添加量为硅源质量的5~40%。
作为本申请中一种较好的实施方式,以上所描述的复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,HMCM-22分子筛为商业化产品,其SiO2与Al2O3的摩尔比20~100;所述的主活性组分为Ga、Zn中的一种,其来源为其硝酸盐、氯化盐的化合物。
以上所描述的复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,贵金属助剂为Pt、Pd、Ru、Ag中的任意一种或两种,其含量优选0.05%-3.0%,其来源为其硝酸盐、氯化盐的化合物;所述的非贵金属改性剂为Cr、Nb、W、Pr、Eu中的一种或多种混合改性剂,其含量优选0.1%-3.0%,除Mo和W来自钼酸铵和偏钨酸铵外,其余来源为硝酸盐、氯化盐的化合物;所述的粘结剂选为硅溶胶、铝溶胶、高岭土的一种。
以上所描述的复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,按照如下步骤进行制备:
1)将称量好的多级孔HZSM-5分子筛、HMCM-22分子筛、主活性组分混合后加入1~3倍总质量的去离子水形成泥浆并在球磨机中球磨;球磨30min取出加入固体质量3~6倍的去离子水,并在70~90℃搅拌处理3~8h;然后将上述溶液通过喷雾干燥得到微粉,并在500~600℃煅烧2~6h,得到催化剂前驱体Ⅰ;
2)将催化剂前驱体Ⅰ、适量的去离子水和粘结剂充分混合后挤条成型,然后在500℃煅烧4h得到前驱体Ⅱ。
3)将前驱体Ⅱ等体积浸渍于贵金属助剂和非贵金属助剂盐的混合溶液中,再进行真空脱气处理,然后静止浸渍;上述样品烘干后,在空气氛围中于煅烧得到用于芳构化反应的复合多级孔分子筛催化剂。
作为本申请中一种较好的实施方式,步骤3)的具体处理步骤为:在-0.03MPa至-0.06MPa的条件下真空脱气处理15~60min,然后静止浸渍24h;上述样品烘干后,在空气氛围中于400℃-600℃煅烧2-6h得到所需的芳构化催化剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明的积极效果体现在:
(一)提供了一种新型的复合型分子筛载体。该载体主要由采用硬模板法定向均匀制备多级孔HZSM-5分子筛和HMCM-22组成。与常规HZSM-5分子筛相比,本专利合成的多级孔HZSM-5分子筛,在保持微孔分子筛优良的择形性和稳定性的同时,定向制造的介孔能够增加分子筛内表面的扩散性能,使反应物更容易接触到催化活性位,生成的产物分子也能快速扩散出孔道,有效地避免了二次反应的发生。
(二)MCM-22分子筛具有比ZSM-5分子筛更大的比表面积(500~800),有利于活性组分的分散,同时提升了载体的容碳能力,同时MCM-22分子筛也具有于BTX动力学直径相当的孔道,因此采用定向制备的多级孔HZSM-5分子筛和HMCM-22分子筛复合载体,能够提升反应活性和BTX的产物的选择性,同时能够减缓催化失活速率,增强催化的稳定性。
(三)制备方法简单易行,生产成本低,得到的催化剂具有优良的低碳烷烃芳构化性能。
具体实施方式
一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,以催化剂本身质量计,其包括以下质量百分含量的组分:40%~70%的由硬模板法合成的多级孔HZSM-5分子筛,20~40%的HMCM-22分子筛,0.1%-5.0%的主活性组分,0.05%-5.0%的贵金属改性剂,0.1%-5.0%非贵金属改性剂,10%~20%的粘结剂,以上各组分的质量百分含量之和为100%。
以上所描述的复合多级孔催化剂中,其多级孔HZSM-5分子筛制备方法如下:
采用硅溶胶为硅源,硝酸铝作为铝源,四丙基溴化铵作为模板剂。首先以SiO2:Al2O3:Na2O:TPABr:H2O=1:x:0.005:0.06:60的分子摩尔比配成合成液,通过HNO3控制pH值在11.0左右,然后加入硬模板剂并搅拌~60min;随后在动态晶化釜中于170℃晶化72h得到分子筛浆料,该浆料洗涤过滤干燥后,在流动空气条件下600℃煅烧6h得到Na-ZSM-5。在液质比10:1条件下,Na型分子筛与1mol/L的NH4NO3溶液交换3次后烘干,在500℃煅烧4h得到所需多级孔HZSM-5分子筛原料。其中,由硬模板法合成的多级孔HZSM-5分子筛SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比20~100;硬模板剂为碳纳米管、介孔碳、炭黑中的任意一种,其添加量为硅源质量的5~40%。
以上所描述的复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,HMCM-22分子筛为商业化产品,其SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比20~100;所述的主活性组分为Ga、Zn中的一种,其来源为硝酸盐、氯化盐的化合物。
以上所描述的复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,贵金属助剂为Pt、Pd、Ru、Ag中的一种或两种,其含量优选0.05%-3.0%,其来源为硝酸盐、氯化盐的化合物;所述的非贵金属改性剂为Cr、Nb、W、Pr、Eu中的一种或多种混合改性剂,其含量优选0.1%-3.0%,除Mo和W来自钼酸铵和偏钨酸铵外,其余来源为硝酸盐、氯化盐的化合物;所述的粘结剂选为硅溶胶、铝溶胶、高岭土的一种。
以上所描述的复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,按照如下步骤进行制备:
1)将称量好的多级孔HZSM-5分子筛、HMCM-22分子筛、主活性组分混合后加入1~3倍总质量的去离子水形成泥浆并在球磨机中球磨;球磨30min取出加入固体质量3~6倍的去离子水,并在70~90℃搅拌处理3~8h;然后将上述溶液通过喷雾干燥得到微粉,并在500~600℃煅烧2~6h,得到催化剂前驱体Ⅰ;
2)将催化剂前驱体Ⅰ、适量的去离子水和粘结剂充分混合后挤条成型,然后在500℃煅烧4h得到前驱体Ⅱ。
3)将前驱体Ⅱ等体积浸渍于贵金属助剂和非贵金属助剂盐的混合溶液中,再进行真空脱气处理,然后静止浸渍;上述样品烘干后,在空气氛围中于煅烧得到用于芳构化反应的复合多级孔分子筛催化剂。
步骤3)的具体处理步骤为:在-0.03MPa至-0.06MPa的条件下真空脱气处理15~60min,然后静止浸渍24h;上述样品烘干后,在空气氛围中于400℃-600℃煅烧2-6h得到所需的芳构化催化剂。
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明的上述发明内容作进一步的详细描述。
但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于下述实施例。在不脱离本发明上述技术思想情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段,做出各种替换和变更,均应包括在本发明的范围内。
以下%,如无特殊说明,均代表以催化剂总质量计,其所占的质量百分含量。
实施例1:
(1)多级孔分子筛合成:
采用硅溶胶为硅源,硝酸铝作为铝源,四丙基溴化铵作为模板剂。首先以SiO2:Al2O3:Na2O:TPABr:H2O=1:0.033:0.005:0.06:60的分子摩尔比配成合成液,用HNO3控制pH值在11.0左右,然后加入占硅溶胶质量25%的碳纳米管并搅拌~60min;随后在动态晶化釜中于170℃晶化72h得到分子筛浆料,该浆料洗涤过滤干燥后,在流动空气条件下600℃煅烧6h得到Na-ZSM-5。在液质比10:1条件下,Na型分子筛与1mol/L的NH4NO3溶液交换3次后烘干,在500℃煅烧4h得到所需多级孔HZSM-5分子筛原料。
(2)催化剂制备:
1)将称量好的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛、硅铝比为100的MCM-22分子筛、硝酸镓混合后加入占总质量2倍的去离子水形成泥浆并在球磨机中球磨;球磨30min取出,再加入战固体质量3倍的去离子水,并在90℃搅拌处理6h;然后将上述溶液喷雾干燥得到微粉,并在500℃煅烧4h,得到催化剂前驱体Ⅰ;
2)将前驱体Ⅰ、适量的去离子水和铝溶胶充分混合后挤条成型,然后在550℃煅烧4h得到前驱体Ⅱ。
3)将前驱体Ⅱ等体积浸渍于氯铂酸、草酸铌、硝酸铕的混合溶液中,再在-0.03MPa至-0.06MPa的条件下真空脱气处理~45min,然后静止浸渍24h;上述样品烘干后,在空气氛围中于500℃煅烧4h得到所需的芳构化催化剂。
催化剂中各组分重量比:HZSM-5(65%),HMCM-22(20%),Ga(1%),Pt(0.15%),Eu(0.2%),Nb(0.15%),其余为Al2O3。
实施例2:
(1)多级孔分子筛合成:
采用硅溶胶为硅源,硝酸铝作为铝源,四丙基溴化铵作为模板剂。首先以SiO2:Al2O3:Na2O:TPABr:H2O=1:0.011:0.005:0.06:60的比例配成合成液,HNO3控制pH值在11.0左右,加入硅溶胶质量30%的介孔碳并搅拌~60min;后续制备工艺与实施例1中步骤(1)相同。
(2)催化剂制备:
1)将称量好的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛、硅铝比25的MCM-22分子筛、硝酸镓混合后加入1.5倍总质量的去离子水形成泥浆并在球磨机中球磨;球磨30min取出加入固体质量4倍的去离子水,并在70℃搅拌处理8h;然后将上述溶液喷雾干燥得到微粉,并在600℃煅烧2h,得到催化剂前驱体Ⅰ;
2)将前驱体Ⅰ、适量的去离子水和硅溶胶充分混合后挤条成型,然后在500℃煅烧4h得到前驱体Ⅱ。
3)将前驱体Ⅱ等体积浸渍于硝酸银、偏钨酸铵和硝酸镨的混合溶液中,再在-0.03MPa至-0.06MPa条件下真空脱气处理~30min,然后静止浸渍24h;上述样品烘干后,在空气氛围中于550℃煅烧3h得到所需的芳构化催化剂。
催化剂中各组分重量比:HZSM-5(40%),HMCM-22(40%),Ga(1.5%),Ag(0.5%),Pr(0.15%),W(0.22%),其余为SiO2。
实施例3:
(1)多级孔分子筛合成:
采用硅溶胶为硅源,硝酸铝作为铝源,四丙基溴化铵作为模板剂。首先以SiO2:Al2O3:Na2O:TPABr:H2O=1:0.02:0.005:0.06:60的比例配成合成液,HNO3控制pH值在11.0左右,加入硅溶胶质量35%的碳纳米管并搅拌~60min;后续制备工艺与实施例1中步骤(1)相同。
(2)催化剂制备:
1)将称量好的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛、硅铝比40的MCM-22分子筛、硝酸锌混合后加入2.5倍总质量的去离子水形成泥浆并在球磨机中球磨;球磨30min取出加入固体质量3.5倍的去离子水,并在80℃搅拌处理5h;然后将上述溶液喷雾干燥得到微粉,并在450℃煅烧6h,得到催化剂前驱体Ⅰ;
2)将前驱体Ⅰ、适量的去离子水和铝溶胶充分混合后挤条成型,然后在500℃煅烧4h得到前驱体Ⅱ。
3)将前驱体Ⅱ等体积浸渍于硝酸钌、钼酸铵和硝酸铬的混合溶液中,再在-0.03MPa至-0.06MPa条件下真空脱气处理~25min,然后静止浸渍24h;上述样品烘干后,在空气氛围中于450℃煅烧6h得到所需的芳构化催化剂。
催化剂中各组分重量比:HZSM-5(60%),HMCM-22(25%),Zn(4%),Ru(0.2%),Mo(1%),Cr(1%),其余为Al2O3。
实施例4:
(1)多级孔分子筛合成:
采用硅溶胶为硅源,硝酸铝作为铝源,四丙基溴化铵作为模板剂。首先以SiO2:Al2O3:Na2O:TPABr:H2O=1:0.025:0.005:0.06:60的比例配成合成液,通过HNO3控制pH值在11.0左右,加入硅溶胶质量15%的碳黑并搅拌~60min;后续制备工艺与实施例1中步骤(1)相同。
(2)催化剂制备:
1)将称量好的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛、硅铝比80的MCM-22分子筛、硝酸镓和硝酸锌混合后,加入2.5倍总质量的去离子水形成泥浆并在球磨机中球磨;球磨30min取出加入固体质量3.5倍的去离子水在80℃搅拌处理5h;然后将上述溶液喷雾干燥得到微粉,并在450℃煅烧6h得到催化剂前驱体Ⅰ;
2)将前驱体Ⅰ、适量的去离子水和高岭土充分混合后挤条成型,然后在500℃煅烧4h得到前驱体Ⅱ。
3)将前驱体Ⅱ等体积浸渍于硝酸钯、硝酸铕和硝酸铬的混合溶液中,再在-0.03MPa至-0.06MPa条件下真空脱气处理~15min,然后静止浸渍24h;上述样品烘干后,在空气氛围中于500℃煅烧5h得到所需的芳构化催化剂。
催化剂中各组分重量比:HZSM-5(70%),HMCM-22(20%),Ga(1.0%),Zn(0.5%),Pd(0.35%),Cr(0.2%),Eu(0.2%),其余为高岭土。
实施例5:
(1)多级孔分子筛合成:
采用硅溶胶为硅源,硝酸铝作为铝源,四丙基溴化铵作为模板剂。首先以SiO2:Al2O3:Na2O:TPABr:H2O=1:0.022:0.005:0.06:60的比例配成合成液,通过HNO3控制pH值在11.0左右,加入硅溶胶质量40%的碳纳米管并搅拌~60min;后续制备工艺与实施例1中步骤(1)相同。
(2)催化剂制备:
1)将称量好的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛、硅铝比60的MCM-22分子筛、硝酸锌混合后,加入1.0倍总质量的去离子水形成泥浆并在球磨机中球磨;球磨30min取出加入固体质量3.0倍的去离子水在90℃搅拌处理3h;然后将上述溶液喷雾干燥得到微粉,并在500℃煅烧4h得到催化剂前驱体Ⅰ;
2)将前驱体Ⅰ、适量的去离子水和硅溶胶充分混合后挤条成型,然后在500℃煅烧4h得到前驱体Ⅱ。
3)将前驱体Ⅱ等体积浸渍于硝酸钯、硝酸铂、硝酸镨和硝酸铕的混合溶液中,再在-0.03MPa至-0.06MPa条件下真空脱气处理~25min,然后静止浸渍24h;上述样品烘干后,在空气氛围中于550℃煅烧6h得到所需的芳构化催化剂。
催化剂中各组分重量比:HZSM-5(50%),HMCM-22(30%),Zn(5.0%),Pt(0.2%),Pd(0.3%),Pr(0.6%),Eu(0.5%),其余为SiO2。
实施例6:
(1)多级孔分子筛合成:
采用硅溶胶为硅源,硝酸铝作为铝源,四丙基溴化铵作为模板剂。首先以SiO2:Al2O3:Na2O:TPABr:H2O=1:0.025:0.005:0.06:60的比例配成合成液,通过HNO3控制pH值在11.0左右,加入硅溶胶质量20%的介孔碳并搅拌~60min;后续制备工艺与实施例1中步骤(1)相同。
(2)催化剂制备:
1)将称量好的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛、硅铝比35的MCM-22分子筛、硝酸镓和硝酸锌混合后,加入1.5倍总质量的去离子水形成泥浆并在球磨机中球磨;球磨30min取出加入固体质量2.5倍的去离子水在85℃搅拌处理6h;然后将上述溶液喷雾干燥得到微粉,并在500℃煅烧4h得到催化剂前驱体Ⅰ;
2)将前驱体Ⅰ、适量的去离子水和铝溶胶充分混合后挤条成型,然后在500℃煅烧4h得到前驱体Ⅱ。
3)将前驱体Ⅱ等体积浸渍于硝酸钯、硝酸银、草酸铌和偏钨酸铵的混合溶液中,再在-0.03MPa至-0.06MPa条件下真空脱气处理~60min,然后静止浸渍24h;上述样品烘干后,在空气氛围中于600℃煅烧4h得到所需的芳构化催化剂。
催化剂中各组分重量比:HZSM-5(45%),HMCM-22(35%),Zn(2.0%),Ga(0.2%),Pd(0.25%),Ag(0.35%),Nb(0.3%),W(0.2%),其余为Al2O3。
对比例1:
按照实施例2的方法制备催化剂,除步骤(1)中不添加模板剂介孔碳外,其余均与实施例2一致。
催化剂中各组分重量比:HZSM-5(40%),HMCM-22(40%),Ga(1.5%),Ag(0.5%),Pr(0.15%),W(0.22%),其余为SiO2。
对比例2:
按照实施例3的方法制备催化剂,除步骤(2)中不添加MCM-22分子筛外,其余与实施例3一致。
催化剂中各组分重量比:HZSM-5(85%),HMCM-22(25%),Zn(4.0%),Ru(0.2%),Cr(1%),Mo(1%),其余为Al2O3。
将实施例1~5及对比例1~2共7个样品在固定床微型反应器中进行丙烷芳构化性能评价。
实施例1~5和对比例1的反应2h后的初始活性如表1所示。活性评价条件:常压、丙烷质量空速0.5h-1,N2/C3H8为2.0,反应温度540~590℃。
表1实施例1~5和对比例1的初始活性
丙烷转化率/% | BTX选择性/% | |
实施例1 | 84.2 | 65.1 |
实施例2 | 86.5 | 57.3 |
实施例3 | 91.4 | 59.5 |
实施例4 | 92.7 | 61.3 |
实施例5 | 89.1 | 60.2 |
对比例1 | 89.4 | 48.6 |
实施例3和对比例2初始活性及经过20次评价-再生循环后,其芳构化性能如表2所示。活性评价条件:常压、丙烷质量空速0.6h-1,N2/C3H8为1.5,反应温度540~590℃。再生条件:温度550℃,反应24h后N2-O2(5%)混合气烧炭再生。
表2实施例3和对比例2的再生性能对比
以上所述实例仅是本专利的优选实施方式,但本专利的保护范围并不局限于此。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本专利原理的前提下,根据本专利的技术方案及其专利构思,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本专利的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,其特征在于,以催化剂本身质量计,包括以下质量百分含量的组分:40%~70%的由硬模板法合成的多级孔HZSM-5分子筛,20~40%的HMCM-22分子筛,0.1%-5.0%的主活性组分,0.05%-5.0%的贵金属改性剂,0.1%-5.0%非贵金属改性剂,10% ~20%的粘结剂,以上各组分的质量百分含量之和为100%;所述的主活性组分为Ga、Zn中的任意一种;所述的贵金属改性剂为Pt、Pd、Ru、Ag中的任意一种或任意两种;所述的非贵金属改性剂为Cr、Nb、W、Pr、Eu中的任意一种或多种混合改性剂;
该催化剂按照如下步骤进行制备:
1)将称量好的多级孔HZSM-5分子筛、HMCM-22分子筛、主活性组分混合后加入1~3倍总质量的去离子水形成泥浆并在球磨机中球磨;球磨30min取出加入固体质量3~6倍的去离子水,并在70~90℃搅拌处理3~8h;然后将上述溶液通过喷雾干燥得到微粉,并在500~600℃煅烧2~6h,得到催化剂前驱体Ⅰ;
2)将催化剂前驱体Ⅰ、适量的去离子水和粘结剂充分混合后挤条成型,然后在500 ℃煅烧4 h得到前驱体Ⅱ;
3)将前驱体Ⅱ等体积浸渍于贵金属改性剂和非贵金属改性剂盐的混合溶液中,再进行真空脱气处理后静止浸渍;将上述样品烘干后,在空气氛围中于煅烧,即得到用于芳构化反应的复合多级孔分子筛催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,其特征在于多级孔HZSM-5分子筛的制备方法包括如下步骤:
采用硅溶胶为硅源,硝酸铝作为铝源,四丙基溴化铵为模板剂,按一定比例配成溶液,并通过HNO3控制pH值,然后加入硬模板剂并搅拌;随后在动态晶化釜中晶化得到分子筛浆料,该浆料洗涤过滤干燥后,在流动空气条件下煅烧得到Na-ZSM-5;在液质比10:1条件下,Na型分子筛与NH4NO3溶液交换几次后烘干,煅烧得到多级孔HZSM-5分子筛原料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,其特征在于:多级孔HZSM-5分子筛中,SiO2与Al2O3的摩尔比为20~100;硬模板剂为碳纳米管、介孔碳、炭黑中的任意一种,其添加量为硅源质量的5~40%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,其特征在于:所述的HMCM-22分子筛中SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比20~100。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,其特征在于:所述的主活性组分来源为硝酸盐、氯化盐的化合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,其特征在于:所述的贵金属改性剂来源为硝酸盐、氯化盐的化合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,其特征在于:所述的非贵金属改性剂中,除W来自偏钨酸铵外,其余来源为硝酸盐、氯化盐的化合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,其特征在于:所述的粘结剂选为硅溶胶、铝溶胶和高岭土中的任意一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种用于低碳烷烃制芳烃复合多级孔分子筛催化剂,其特征在于,真空脱气的条件为:在-0.03MPa至-0.06 MPa的条件下真空脱气处理15~60min,然后静止浸渍24h;上述样品烘干后,在空气氛围中于400℃-600℃煅烧2-6h。
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