CN1100220C - 油脂润滑锥形滚柱轴承 - Google Patents

油脂润滑锥形滚柱轴承 Download PDF

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CN1100220C
CN1100220C CN99812625A CN99812625A CN1100220C CN 1100220 C CN1100220 C CN 1100220C CN 99812625 A CN99812625 A CN 99812625A CN 99812625 A CN99812625 A CN 99812625A CN 1100220 C CN1100220 C CN 1100220C
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bearing
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马茨·约翰·佩尔松
毛里西奥·马丁内蒂
约翰·文森特·希勒尔
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/4617—Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the rollers, e.g. machined window cages
    • F16C33/4623—Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the rollers, e.g. machined window cages formed as one-piece cages, i.e. monoblock cages
    • F16C33/4635—Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the rollers, e.g. machined window cages formed as one-piece cages, i.e. monoblock cages made from plastic, e.g. injection moulded window cages
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    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F16C19/383—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F16C19/385—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
    • F16C19/386—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings in O-arrangement
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    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/467—Details of individual pockets, e.g. shape or roller retaining means
    • F16C33/4676—Details of individual pockets, e.g. shape or roller retaining means of the stays separating adjacent cage pockets, e.g. guide means for the bearing-surface of the rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6603—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with grease as lubricant
    • F16C33/6607—Retaining the grease in or near the bearing
    • F16C33/6618—Retaining the grease in or near the bearing in a reservoir in the sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6603—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with grease as lubricant
    • F16C33/6629—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearing, e.g. grooves on the cage or passages in the rolling elements
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6603—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with grease as lubricant
    • F16C33/6607—Retaining the grease in or near the bearing
    • F16C33/6614—Retaining the grease in or near the bearing in recesses or cavities provided in retainers, races or rolling elements
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    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7803—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings
    • F16C33/7813—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings for tapered roller bearings
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    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
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    • F16C33/80—Labyrinth sealings

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Abstract

一种锥形滚柱轴承包括至少一个内轴承圈和至少一个外轴承圈，内轴承圈和外轴承圈分别限定了一锥形滚道；一组锥形滚柱及一用于将所述滚柱间隔开的保持架，所述保持架具有两个不同直径的隔圈，两个隔圈由保持架杆相互连接起来并在每对相邻的保持架杆之间限定了保持架槽，具有相对较小直径的隔圈靠近直径较小的内轴承圈滚道部分定位，另一隔圈靠近直径较大的内轴承圈定位。该轴承为油脂润滑，保持架杆具有其上可粘结一油脂层的平的内表面。

Description

油脂润滑锥形滚柱轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锥形滚柱轴承，包括分别限定了一锥形滚道的至少一个内轴承圈和至少一个外轴承圈，包括一组锥形滚柱的一滚柱组及一用于将所述滚柱间隔开的保持架，所述保持架具有两个不同直径的隔圈，该两个隔圈由保持架杆相互连接起来并在每对相邻的保持架杆之间限定了保持架槽，具有相对较小直径的隔圈靠近具有较小直径的内轴承圈部分或紧靠相应的轴承圈凸肩定位，另一隔圈靠近具有较大直径的内轴承圈部分或紧靠相应的轴承圈凸肩定位。
背景技术
这种锥形滚柱轴承是广泛公知的。例如，提到了双列锥形滚柱轴承在列车轴箱轴承单元中的使用。锥形滚柱轴承特别适合承受组合载荷(径向和轴向)。
轴承性能和耐用性很大程度上取决于轴承元件，特别是滚柱，滚道和保持架的润滑。特别是对于长期应用和长的运行间隔，如在铁路运输领域中进行的，润滑剂的连续的和充分的供应是决定性的。
在这方面，实践中遇到了几个问题。轴承中会产生高温，这对于轴承中容纳的油脂的润滑特性会产生不好的影响。另外，轴承初始运行期间的温度峰值水平会产生问题。这些问题与油脂的机械作用有关，并与工作过程中轴承内部输送的油脂量有关。特别是，成块的油脂会突然变松并流入轴承中，当成块油脂起作用时会导致进一步的温度上升。
从US-A-4425011中可知一种具有一保持架的锥形滚柱轴承，该保持架设计成通过油润滑剂来实现更好的润滑。但这种已知的轴承不适用于油脂润滑。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种这些问题的解决方案。
根据本发明，提供一种锥形滚柱轴承，包括分别限定了一锥形滚道的至少一个内轴承圈和至少一个外轴承圈、一组锥形滚柱及一用于将所述滚柱间隔开的保持架，所述保持架具有两个不同直径的隔圈，两个隔圈由保持架杆相互连接并在每对相邻的保持架杆之间限定了保持架槽，具有相对较小直径的隔圈靠近具有小直径的内轴承圈滚道部分设置，另一隔圈靠近具有大直径的内轴承圈滚道部分设置，其中该轴承为油脂润滑，保持架杆具有其上可粘结一油脂层的基本上平的内表面，所述保持架杆分别具有一在小直径隔圈上方延伸的延伸部。每个所述延伸部朝小直径隔圈的轴向外端倒角。
在正常运行过程中，在轴承的运转过程中，油脂可在滚柱组中流动，然后被飞溅。由于离心力，当新的油脂进入该滚柱组中时，油脂略微沿保持架杆驱动。
一般，在每个保持架杆下面形成一“平衡”层，该“平衡”层对于特定的速度和油脂稠度来讲是相当稳定的。
该油脂层特别适于确保轴承的正确润滑。油脂通过渗出容纳在其中的油而产生润滑效果，该油将直接到达邻近位置，即滚柱和相应的保持架杆。可通过毛细作用并在蒸汽状态下进行油的输送。
根据一优选实施例，每个保持架杆的内表面从小直径隔圈向大直径隔圈倾斜延伸，从而促使油脂润滑剂在离心力的作用下向大直径隔圈流动。
本发明涉及不同类型的锥形滚柱轴承；但特别地，轴承可包括两组锥形滚柱，每组滚柱由一相应的保持架间隔开，所述保持架的小直径隔圈相对设置，并围住一中间空间，其中该中间空间装有油脂润滑剂。
在运转过程中，中间空间中的油脂可逐渐地朝两列滚柱流动。油脂可通过内轴承圈或间隔圈与小直径隔圈之间的狭缝进入各列滚柱。它还可通过保持架与外轴承圈之间的狭缝进入。随后，到达滚柱端部然后到达保持架杆。
因此根据一优选实施例，该轴承可包括由一中间环形元件分隔开的两个内轴承圈，所述两个轴承圈分别具有一围在一小直径凸肩与一大直径凸肩之间的滚道，其中小直径隔圈环绕小直径凸肩，从而促使油脂润滑剂从中间空间流到保持架杆上。
为了类似的目的，该小直径隔圈也可环绕至少部分中间圈。
外轴承圈可以是包括两个滚道的一体式外轴承圈。但该外轴承圈可包括两个分隔开的相邻轴承圈部件。
隔圈靠近凸肩还用于稳定使用时保持架的运动。
小直径隔圈可相对于保持架杆的内表面径向向内伸出；大直径隔圈可与保持架杆的内表面平齐。小直径隔圈也可朝中间空间轴向伸出到内轴承圈端面之外。大直径隔圈还可相对于保持架杆的内表面径向向内伸出。
为了确保保持架与滚柱的正确配合，每个保持架杆具有两个背离所述保持架杆的内表面的叉头。每个叉头可具有一延伸部，该延伸部在小直径隔圈上方延伸并与之连接。通过这种方式，在叉头/保持架杆与所述轴承圈之间获得了一个牢固的和刚性的连接。
另外，至少一个密封环可与该外轴承圈连接。
附图说明
将参照附图对本发明进一步描述。
图1示出根据本发明的双锥形滚柱轴承的一径向局部剖面。
图2示出根据图3中轴承保持架的II-II的剖面图。
图3示出根据图2中III-III的剖面图。
具体实施方式
根据图1的锥形滚柱轴承包括两个内轴承圈1和一单个共用外轴承圈2。内轴承圈1具有锥形的滚道3，外轴承圈具有锥形滚道4。两组锥形滚柱5与这些滚道3、4滚动接触。
内轴承圈通过一中间环形元件6而相互支承。锥形滚柱轴承的内部轴承空间通过由轴承圈部件8、9组成的迷宫式密封件7而封闭。
每组滚动元件5通过保持架10间隔开。所述保持架10具有一直径相对较小的隔圈11、一直径相对较大的隔圈12、和连接这些隔圈11、12的多个保持架杆13。
在相邻保持架杆13之间限定了用于容纳一锥形滚柱5的保持架槽14。每个保持架杆13具有两个叉头15，用于将锥形滚柱5固定在相应的保持架槽14中。
小直径隔圈11紧密环绕内轴承圈1的小直径凸肩16。大直径隔圈12同样环绕内轴承圈1的大直径凸肩17。
所述隔圈11在中间环形元件或中央间隔件6上方具有一定突出。该突出部提供了可控制的油脂输送，从而向滚柱组供应润滑剂。
根据本发明，在外轴承圈2、中间环形元件6及两保持架10之间的内部轴承空间中供应了一定量的油脂18。同样，一定量的润滑脂19供应到保持架10。
在轴承运转过程中，油脂18可从内部轴承空间通过限定在小直径隔圈11与小直径凸肩16之间的狭缝流向保持架杆13的底侧20。油脂还可在小直径隔圈11与外轴承圈2之间流动。
随后，如箭头22所示，油脂可进一步流过由大直径隔圈12和大直径凸肩17限定的狭缝。
油脂19可永久粘结到保持架杆13的底侧20，从而向锥形滚柱5提供适当的润滑。润滑油可从油脂中直接渗到轴承的运行表面上。
叉头15由延伸部23延伸，该延伸部23在保持架杆13与小直径隔圈11之间提供了刚性连接。该延伸部23被倒角，从而减小对油脂流动的机械作用，并因而使由于油脂工作导致的温度上升适中。
另外，延伸部23面向中央空间的形状允许一定量的油脂18保持在位而没有过多的机械干扰。这使油脂保持靠近滚道区域3，便于润滑剂向所述滚道的流动。它还提供了一个较大的未扫过的体积，使所述中央空间中的油脂填充有一较大的储藏量。

Claims (16)

1、锥形滚柱轴承，包括分别限定了一锥形滚道(3，4)的至少一个内轴承圈(1)和至少一个外轴承圈(2)、一组锥形滚柱(5)及一用于将所述滚柱(5)间隔开的保持架(10)，所述保持架(10)具有两个不同直径的隔圈(11，12)，两个隔圈(11，12)由保持架杆(13)相互连接并在每对相邻的保持架杆(13)之间限定了保持架槽(14)，具有相对较小直径的隔圈(11)靠近具有小直径的内轴承圈滚道部分设置，另一隔圈(12)靠近具有大直径的内轴承圈滚道部分设置，其中该轴承为油脂润滑，保持架杆(13)具有其上可粘结一油脂层(19)的基本上平的内表面(20)，所述保持架杆(13)分别具有一在小直径隔圈(11)上方延伸的延伸部(23)，其特征在于，每个所述延伸部(23)朝小直径隔圈(11)的轴向外端倒角。
2、根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，每个保持架杆(13)的内表面(20)从小直径隔圈(11)向大直径隔圈(12)倾斜地延伸，从而促使油脂润滑剂在离心力的作用下向大直径隔圈(12)流动。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承，其特征在于，保持架杆(13)的内表面与和保持架同轴的一假想圆锥表面重合。
4、根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承，其特征在于，包括两组锥形滚柱(5)，每组滚柱由一相应的保持架(10)间隔开，所述保持架(10)的小直径隔圈(11)相对设置并围住一中间空间，其中该中间空间中装有油脂润滑剂(18)。
5、根据权利要求4的轴承，其特征在于，包括两个由一中间环形元件(6)隔开的内轴承圈(1)，所述轴承圈(1)每个具有围在一小直径凸肩(16)与一大直径凸肩(17)之间的滚道(3)，其中小直径隔圈(11)环绕小直径凸肩(16)，从而促使油脂润滑剂从中间空间流到保持架杆(13)上。
6、根据权利要求4所述的轴承，其特征在于，外轴承圈(2)是包括两个滚道(4)的一体式外轴承圈。
7、根据权利要求4的轴承，其特征在于，外轴承圈包括两个分隔开的外轴承圈部件。
8、根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，小直径隔圈(11)相对于保持架杆(13)的内表面(20)径向向内伸出。
9、根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，大直径隔圈(12)相对于保持架杆(13)的内表面(20)径向向内伸出。
10、根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，小直径隔圈(11)与保持架杆(13)的内表面(20)平齐。
11、根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，大直径隔圈(12)与保持架杆(13)的内表面(20)平齐。
12、根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，每个保持架杆(13)分别具有两个背离所述保持架杆(13)的内表面(20)的叉头(15)。
13、根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，至少一个密封环(7，8)与外轴承圈(2)连接，油脂(21)供应到由每个密封环(7，8)和大直径隔圈(12)限定的狭缝中。
14、根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，每个保持架杆(13)具有两个叉头(15)，每个叉头(15)由一延伸部(23)延伸。
15、根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，具有相对较小直径的隔圈(11)靠近与小直径内轴承圈滚道部分接近的小直径凸肩(16)设置。
16、根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，具有相对较大直径的隔圈(12)靠近与大直径内轴承圈滚道部分接近的大直径凸肩(17)设置。
CN99812625A 1998-11-06 1999-11-05 油脂润滑锥形滚柱轴承 Expired - Fee Related CN1100220C (zh)

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JP5125820B2 (ja) * 2008-07-03 2013-01-23 日本精工株式会社 円すいころ軸受
WO2010005007A1 (ja) * 2008-07-08 2010-01-14 日本精工株式会社 円すいころ軸受用樹脂製保持器及び円すいころ軸受
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JP5776251B2 (ja) * 2011-03-24 2015-09-09 株式会社ジェイテクト 車両用軸受装置
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CN106050905B (zh) * 2016-05-11 2018-10-26 中车大连机车研究所有限公司 机车轴箱用整体式密封轴箱轴承
JP6816390B2 (ja) * 2016-06-30 2021-01-20 株式会社ジェイテクト 円すいころ軸受
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