CN110012755B - Method and device for factory cultivation of rubber grass seedlings - Google Patents
Method and device for factory cultivation of rubber grass seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN110012755B CN110012755B CN201910365475.3A CN201910365475A CN110012755B CN 110012755 B CN110012755 B CN 110012755B CN 201910365475 A CN201910365475 A CN 201910365475A CN 110012755 B CN110012755 B CN 110012755B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/001—Sludge spreaders, e.g. liquid manure spreaders
- A01C23/002—Sludge spreaders, e.g. liquid manure spreaders provided with auxiliary arrangements, e.g. pumps, agitators, cutters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/047—Spraying of liquid fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/245—Conduits for heating by means of liquids, e.g. used as frame members or for soil heating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The application discloses a method and a device for industrial cultivation of rubber grass seedlings, which aim at the problems of low growth rate and survival rate, undeveloped plant root system, low survival rate of later transplanting and the like caused by unsuitable climate and soil environment in the existing growth process of rubber grass seedlings.
Description
Technical field:
the application belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for factory cultivation of rubber grass seedlings and the technical field of cultivation devices.
The background technology is as follows:
the rubber grass (Tafaxacum kok-saghyzRodin) is perennial herb of Taraxacum (fTaraxacum) Taraxacum (Sect. MacrocornutaV. Soest) group of Taraxacum (Asteraceae), and is native to Kazast and Sinkiang Tianshan mountain valley-Tex river basin in China. The rubber grass is cold-resistant, drought-resistant and lean-resistant, has the appearance very similar to that of common dandelion, but contains more than 20 percent of rubber in the roots of the rubber grass, has good quality, and has the industrial utilization value which is not inferior to that of Brazilian rubber. The rubber grass has the characteristics of short growth period, short gum production period and the like, and is a gum production crop with great development prospect; there is also a small-scale distribution of wild species in the areas of Gansu, shaanxi, northeast, north China, northwest, etc. In the cultivation technology of the rubber grass, students at home and abroad have made some researches. Certain researches are carried out in the aspect of mechanized cultivation in Russian and the United states, different rubber grass cultivation technical modes are formed initially, but the industrial seedling raising aspect of the rubber grass in China is lack of systematic and deep researches.
The application comprises the following steps:
aiming at the problems that the growth rate and the survival rate are low, the plant root system is underdeveloped, the later transplanting survival rate is low and the like due to unsuitable climate and soil environment in the growth process of the prior rubber grass seedlings, the application provides a method and a device for industrial cultivation of the rubber grass seedlings.
The application provides a method for industrially cultivating rubber grass seedlings, which comprises the following technical steps:
(1) Pretreatment of seeds: placing the dried seeds into a water dipping tank of a rubber grass seedling cultivation device after vernalization for 2-3d at 4 ℃, placing the vernalized dried seeds into 1/2 of the volume of the water dipping tank, completely immersing the seeds into clear water, uniformly rotating for 5h to enable the seeds in the water dipping tank to uniformly absorb water, pouring the seeds into a stirrer, adding seedling raising matrix, and uniformly mixing the seeds with the seedling raising matrix=1:5 according to parts by weight to obtain the rubber grass seedling cultivation device.
(2) Sowing: putting 3/2 seedling substrate into seedling tray before sowing, watering thoroughly, sowing seeds prepared in step (1), sowing with sowing density of 11g/m 2 ～13g/m 2 Spreading 1 layer of seedling substrate after sowing, wherein the cover layer is not more than 1cm;
(3) Seedling management: ventilating and ventilating in time during seedling raising, illuminating for 16h, maintaining germination temperature at 20-21 ℃, maintaining cotyledon period at 22-24 ℃, maintaining leaf period of 2 leaves at 20-22 ℃ and spraying and watering for 1 time every 6 days in seedling stage; 2 pieces of topdressing is started after the true leaf period, the topdressing is carried out for 1 time every 12-15 days, and the decomposed organic fertilizer leaching liquor is adopted for fertilization, wherein the dosage of each time is 6g/m 2 ～8g/m 2 After 5 to 6 true leaves grow, the leaves are dark green and glossy, the root system is developed, and the plant diseases and insect pests are avoided.
In the application, the seedling substrate comprises fine sand, vermiculite and floral soil=3:1:1 in parts by weight.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,in the application, the seeding density is 13g/m 2 。
Preferably, in the present application, the germination temperature is maintained at 21 ℃, the cotyledon period is maintained at 24 ℃, and the cotyledon period is maintained at 20 ℃ after the 2 true leaf period.
In the application, in the technical link of vernalization at 4 ℃ for 2-3d, the vernalization is that a low-temperature condition is needed in the seedling culture of the rubber grass to promote the organ development, the process is called vernalization stage, called vernalization for short, and the effect of inducing the seed development of the rubber grass at low temperature is called vernalization.
Meanwhile, the application also provides a rubber grass seedling cultivation device which comprises a shed body, a water soaking area, a breeding area and a seedling raising area, wherein the water soaking area is provided with a water soaking tank, the water soaking tank is arranged on a clamping frame, the clamping frame is connected with a motor shaft, the breeding area is provided with a stirrer, rolling beds are arranged in the breeding area and the seedling raising area, seedling raising plates are arranged on the rolling beds, a heating basin is arranged below the seedling raising plates, and a heating plate is arranged below the heating basin.
According to the application, the soaking tank is of a cylindrical structure and can be opened, the side surface of the soaking tank is provided with the steel wire mesh, the diameter of the steel wire mesh is smaller than that of the seeds, the seeds are prevented from leaking out of the steel wire mesh, and the seeds are ensured to fully absorb water.
In the application, the ventilation fans are oppositely arranged at two sides of the shed body, so that ventilation is facilitated.
In the application, the first water filling port is arranged above the water soaking area, so that water can be filled into the water soaking area.
In the application, the bottom of the soaking area is connected with the water outlet, and the electromagnetic valve is arranged between the soaking area and the water outlet, so that water can be conveniently changed in the soaking area.
In the application, the water pipe is arranged in the breeding area, so that the seedling raising tray 33 is convenient to water after sowing.
In the application, the LED lamp is arranged above the seedling raising area, so that a light source is provided for the growth of seedling raising.
In the application, the spray pipe is arranged above the seedling raising area, and a water source is provided for the growth of seedling raising.
In the application, a fertilization spray pipe is arranged above the seedling raising area, and is connected with a decomposed fertilizer dilution bucket through a second water pump to provide nutrients for the growth of seedling raising.
In the application, the number of the seedling raising trays placed in the seedling raising area is not less than one, so that different culture conditions can be conveniently provided for seedlings in different periods.
In the application, the seedling raising tray is provided with a plurality of seedling raising holes, and the water permeable holes are arranged below the seedling raising holes, so that a large number of seedlings can be cultivated at one time, and the cultivation efficiency is high.
In the application, the seedling raising tray is of a hollow structure, the seedling raising tray is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet is communicated with the water outlet and a hollow cavity in the seedling raising tray, and water can be injected into the hollow cavity in the seedling raising tray from the water inlet and discharged through the water outlet.
In the application, a temperature sensor, a hot water pipe and a return pipe are arranged in a heating basin, the hot water pipe is connected with a water inlet at the lower part of a seedling raising tray, and the return pipe is connected with a water outlet at the upper part of the seedling raising tray to provide water bath heating for the seedling raising tray.
In the application, the water pump is arranged on the hot water pipe, so that the water can be conveniently led to the high place from the low place.
By implementing the technical scheme of the application, the following beneficial effects can be achieved:
(1) The application provides a method and a device for industrial cultivation of rubber grass seedlings, and the rubber grass seedlings cultivated by the method have the advantages of early rooting, developed root system, root mass formation, fast growth and good quality; the survival rate of seedling is high, the seedling period is greatly shortened, and the method has wide application and popularization values.
(2) The application provides a method and a device for industrial cultivation of rubber grass seedlings, and experiments are carried out by the cultivation method, and the results show that the germination index, the vitality index, the young root length, the young leaf width and the young leaf length of the rubber grass cultivated by the cultivation method are all higher than those of the disclosed cultivation technology, wherein the vitality index is 99.8, the young root length is 45.97mm, the young leaf width is 36.2mm, and the young leaf length is 9.49mm. The growth and development index of the rubber grass cultivated by the cultivation method is obviously superior to that of the rubber grass obtained by the cultivation method of the disclosed technology, and meanwhile, the rubber grass cultivated by the cultivation method of the application has good growth state, strong plants and developed root systems, and is a rubber grass seedling cultivation method with better overall growth state.
(3) According to the device for cultivating the rubber grass seedlings, disclosed by the application, the interlayer in the cultivation plate can be heated by using the water bath, the heating is rapid and stable, the cultivation temperature can be effectively controlled, the water is kept constant temperature through the arrangement of the heating basin and the temperature sensor, the temperature change is small, the structure is simple, the continuity is strong, and the device has a wide application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a rubber grass seedling cultivation device of the present application.
FIG. 2 shows a transverse cross-sectional view of the rubber grass seedling cultivation device of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a rubber grass seedling cultivation device of the present application.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a seedling tray in the present application.
Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the seedling tray of the present application.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of different soaking times of seeds on germination rate of the rubber grass.
FIG. 7 shows the effect of different media on the germination index and the vitality index of the rubber plants.
In fig. 1-7: 1-shed body, 2-water soaking area, 21-water soaking tank, 22-clamping frame, 23-motor, 24-first water filling port, 25-solenoid valve, 26-water outlet, 3-breeding area, 31-rolling bed, 32-stirrer, 33-seedling raising tray, 331-seedling raising hole, 332-water inlet, 333-water outlet, 334-water permeable hole, 34-water pouring pipe, 4-seedling raising area, 41-spray pipe, 42-LED lamp, 43-heating basin, 431-temperature sensor, 432-hot water pipe, 433-water returning pipe, 434-first water pump, 44-heating plate, 45-fertilization spray pipe, 46-second water pump, 47-decomposed fertilizer dilution barrel, 5-ventilation fan.
Detailed Description
The following describes the present application in further detail with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to the following examples.
The test material used in the present application was Russian good rubber grass variety K445.
In the following examples, all reagents, materials and equipment selected in the present application are those well known in the art, unless otherwise specified, but are not limited to practice of the present application, and other reagents and equipment well known in the art may be suitable for practice of the following embodiments of the present application.
Embodiment one: rubber grass seedling cultivation method
(1) Pretreatment of seeds: placing the dried seeds into a water dipping tank of a rubber grass seedling cultivation device after vernalization for 2-3d at 4 ℃, placing the vernalized dried seeds into 1/2 of the volume of the water dipping tank, completely immersing the seeds into clear water, uniformly rotating for 5h to enable the seeds in the water dipping tank to uniformly absorb water, pouring the seeds into a stirrer, adding seedling raising matrix, and uniformly mixing the seeds with the seedling raising matrix=1:5 according to parts by weight to obtain the rubber grass seedling cultivation device.
(2) Sowing: putting 3/2 seedling substrate into seedling tray before sowing, watering thoroughly, sowing seeds prepared in step (1), sowing with sowing density of 11g/m 2 ～13g/m 2 Spreading 1 layer of seedling substrate after sowing, wherein the cover layer is not more than 1cm;
(3) Seedling management: ventilating and ventilating in time during seedling raising, illuminating for 16h, maintaining germination temperature at 20-21 ℃, maintaining cotyledon period at 22-24 ℃, maintaining leaf period of 2 leaves at 20-22 ℃ and spraying and watering for 1 time every 6 days in seedling stage; 2 pieces of topdressing is started after the true leaf period, the topdressing is carried out for 1 time every 12-15 days, and the decomposed organic fertilizer leaching liquor is adopted for fertilization, wherein the dosage of each time is 6g/m 2 ～8g/m 2 After 5 to 6 true leaves grow, the leaves are dark green and glossy, the root system is developed, and the plant diseases and insect pests are avoided.
In the application, the seedling substrate comprises fine sand, vermiculite and floral soil=3:1:1 in parts by weight.
Preferably, in the present application, the seeding density is 13g/m 2 。
Preferably, in the present application, the germination temperature is maintained at 21 ℃, the cotyledon period is maintained at 24 ℃, and the cotyledon period is maintained at 20 ℃ after the 2 true leaf period.
Embodiment two: rubber grass seedling breeding device
In the present application, for convenience of description, the description of the relative positional relationship of each component in a rubber grass seedling cultivation device is described according to the layout manner of fig. 1, for example, the upper, lower, left, right, etc. relationship is determined according to the layout manner of fig. 1.
See fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3. The utility model provides a rubber grass seedling breeding device, including the canopy body 1, the district 2 soaks, breeding district 3 and district 4 of growing seedlings, the district 2 of soaking is provided with the water dipping tank 21, the water dipping tank 21 sets up on the clamping frame 22, clamping frame 22 and motor 23 axiality are connected, breeding district 3 sets up mixer 32, set up roller bed 31 in breeding district 3 and the district 4 of growing seedlings, set up on roller bed 31 and educate seedling tray 33, educate seedling tray 33 below and set up heating basin 43, heating basin 43 below sets up hot plate 44.
According to the application, the water dipping tank 21 is of a cylindrical structure and can be opened, a steel wire mesh is arranged on the side face of the water dipping tank 21, the diameter of the steel wire mesh is smaller than that of seeds, the seeds are prevented from leaking out of the steel wire mesh, and the seeds are guaranteed to fully absorb water.
In the application, the ventilation fans 5 are oppositely arranged at two sides of the shed body 1, so that ventilation is facilitated.
In the application, a first water filling port 24 is arranged above the soaking zone 2, so that water can be filled into the soaking zone 2.
In the application, the bottom of the soaking zone 2 is connected with the water outlet 26, and the electromagnetic valve 25 is arranged between the soaking zone 2 and the water outlet 26, so that the water in the soaking zone 2 is changed conveniently.
In the application, the water pipe 34 is arranged in the breeding area 3, so that the seedling raising plate 33 can be conveniently watered after sowing.
In the application, an LED lamp 42 is arranged above the seedling raising area 4 to provide a light source for the growth of seedling raising.
In the application, a spray pipe 42 is arranged above the seedling raising area 4 to provide a water source for the growth of seedling raising.
In the application, a fertilization spray pipe 45 is arranged above the seedling raising area 4, and the fertilization spray pipe 45 is connected with a decomposed fertilizer dilution barrel 47 through a second water pump 46, so as to provide nutrients for the growth of seedlings.
In the application, the number of the seedling raising trays 33 placed in the seedling raising area 4 is not less than 3, so that different culture conditions can be provided for seedlings in different periods.
In the application, a plurality of seedling raising holes 331 are arranged on the seedling raising plate 33, and water permeable holes 334 are arranged below the seedling raising holes 331, so that a large number of seedlings can be raised at one time, and the raising efficiency is high.
In the application, the seedling raising plate 33 is of a hollow structure, the seedling raising plate 33 is provided with a water inlet 332 and a water outlet 333, the water inlet 332 and the water outlet 333 are communicated with a hollow cavity in the seedling raising plate 33, and water can be injected into the hollow cavity in the seedling raising plate from the water inlet 332 and discharged through the water outlet 333, and the application is shown in fig. 4 and 5.
In the application, a temperature sensor 431, a hot water pipe 432 and a water return pipe 433 are arranged in a heating basin 43, the hot water pipe 432 is connected with a water inlet 332 at the lower part of a seedling raising plate 33, and the water return pipe 433 is connected with a water outlet 333 at the upper part of the seedling raising plate 33 to provide water bath heating for the seedling raising plate.
In the present application, the first water pump 434 is provided on the hot water pipe 432 to facilitate the water to be guided from a low place to a high place.
When the application is used, the purified dry seeds are placed in the water dipping tank 21, the water dipping tank 21 is fixedly arranged on the clamping frame 22, clear water is injected into the water dipping area 2 through the first water injection port 24, the water dipping tank 21 is completely immersed, and the clamping frame 22 and the water dipping tank 21 are driven to rotate by the motor 23 at intervals, so that the seeds in the water dipping tank 21 are uniformly absorbed; in the breeding area 3, the seeds with water absorbed and the seedling substrate are put into the stirrer 32 together, the seeds and the seedling substrate are fully and uniformly stirred, a layer of seedling substrate is added into seedling holes on the seedling tray 33, a layer of mixture of the seedling substrate and the seeds is added, finally, a layer of seedling substrate is covered on the seedling tray 33, the seedling tray 33 is thoroughly irrigated by using the watering pipe 34, the sown seedling tray 33 is pushed into the seedling raising area 4 through the roller bed 31, a hot water pipe 432 in the heating basin 43 is connected with a water inlet 332 on the seedling tray 33, a water return pipe 433 in the heating basin 43 is connected with a water outlet 333 on the seedling tray 33, the water in the heating basin 43 is heated to a proper temperature in a germination period by using the heating plate 44, a water first water pump 434 is started to heat the seedling tray 33, different temperatures are provided for seedlings in different growth periods by using the different heating basins 43, the temperature is controlled to be in a required range by using the temperature sensor 431 in the heating plate 44, the seedlings are developed by using the spraying pipe 41, the seedlings 33 are grown by using the spraying pipe 33, the LED is opened to simulate the effect of growing seedlings, and the plant diseases and insect pests can be planted, namely, the plant diseases and plant diseases can be cultivated, the plant diseases and plant diseases can be promoted by using the green plant diseases and plant diseases are not growing, and plant diseases are not provided.
Embodiment III: influence of different culture conditions on cultivation of rubber grass seedlings
1. Method of
Placing the seeds subjected to vernalization treatment into a seed soaking tank, slowly stirring, draining the seeds soaked by clear water, adding seedling raising matrix, mixing, sowing into a greenhouse after uniformly mixing, spreading 1 layer of seedling raising matrix which is not more than 1cm after sowing, illuminating for 16 hours, keeping the seedling raising temperature at 23 ℃, and spraying and watering for 1 time every 6 days; 2 pieces of the organic fertilizer leaching solution are adopted for topdressing for 1 time every 14 days after the true leaf period. Each test group was repeated 3 times, 500 seeds each. Counting germination rate, measuring germination index and vitality index after placing in bed for 25 days, and detecting morphological index: 50 seedlings were randomly extracted from each treatment group in 3 replicates, and their Root Length (RL), young leaf width (GW) and young leaf length (GL) were measured, and the calculation formula was as follows:
germination percentage (%) =number of seeds germinated/number of seeds tested×100%;
germination Index (GI) = Σ (G) t /D t ) Wherein G is t The germination number of t days, D t For the corresponding germination days;
vitality Index (VI) =germination index x seedling length.
2. Results and analysis
(1) Influence of different soaking time of seeds on germination rate of rubber grass
The total treatment groups are 5, and the soaking time of the rubber grass seeds is respectively 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h and 8h, and 500 seeds are used for each treatment group. After soaking, adding matrix for sowing, keeping other culture conditions consistent, and counting germination rate day by day, wherein test results are shown in figure 6.
Through long-term observation of the experiment, the germination of the rubber grass seeds starts to be large at the 3 rd day after the placement of the bed, and the germination curve is stable at the 7 th day after the placement of the bed as shown in fig. 6. With the increase of the seed soaking time, the germination vigor of the rubber grass tends to rise firstly and then gradually and steadily. As is evident from the graph of FIG. 6, the germination rate of the seeds with soaking time of 4h and 8h is lower, the germination rate of the seeds with soaking time of 5h, 6h and 7h is higher, the germination rate on day 7 is basically more than 60%, wherein the germination rate of the seeds with soaking time of 5h is 65.9%, and the soaking time of 5h is selected as a better choice.
(2) Effect of different culture Medium on germination index and vitality index of rubber grass
The total number of the treatment groups is 5, different matrixes are added for sowing after the rubber grass seeds are soaked for 5 hours, other culture conditions are kept consistent, and the germination index and the vitality index are measured, and the test result is shown in figure 7. 50 seedlings were randomly extracted from 3 replicates of each treatment group, and the Root Length (RL), young leaf width (GW) and young leaf length (GL) were measured for the test results shown in Table 1.
As shown in figure 7, when the culture medium ratio is fine sand, vermiculite and flower soil (3:1:1), the germination index of the rubber grass seeds is 23.15%, and the vitality index is 99.8%, which are remarkably higher than those of other test groups. Fine sand, vermiculite and floral soil (3:1:1) are used as culture matrixes and are obviously higher than other test groups.
As shown in Table 1, the root length, the leaf length and the leaf width of the rubber plants all showed significant differences with different culture media. When the culture medium is fine sand or fine sand: vermiculite or vermiculite: when the flower soil is in different proportions, the width of young leaves, the length of young roots and the length of young leaves and fine sand: vermiculite: the flower soil groups are significantly different from each other. When fine sand, vermiculite and flower soil (3:1:1) are used as culture matrixes for culturing rubber grass, the young leaf width, young leaf length and young root length are obviously higher than those of other test groups, the young root length is 45.68mm, the young leaf width is 3.87mm and the young leaf length is 9.52mm, and the fine sand, the vermiculite and flower soil (3:1:1) are selected as optimal culture matrixes through the test.
Table 1: effect of different culture substrates on rubber grass seedling growth
(3) Optimizing influence of different culture conditions on cultivation of rubber grass seedlings by orthogonal method
The test explores the influence of illumination time, germination temperature, sowing density, cotyledon period temperature and 2 pieces of true leaf period on germination index and vitality index of the rubber grass respectively. Four-factor three-level orthogonal tests were performed on the basis of the single-factor test, and the orthogonal test factors and levels are shown in table 2.
Table 2: orthogonal test factor and level meter
Results and analyses of the test of the factory cultivation of the rubber grass seedlings under different culture conditions of orthogonal optimization are shown in tables 3 and 4.
Table 3: orthogonal test results and analysis
Table 4: orthogonal test results and analysis
As can be seen from tables 3 and 4, the illumination time has the greatest effect on the germination index and the vitality index of the rubber plants within the range of the experimental design.The best optimization conditions obtained by combining tables 3 and 4 are A 3 B 2 C 2 D 3 E 2 I.e. sowing density 13g/m 2 The germination index and the vitality index are highest when the illumination time is 15h, the germination temperature is 21 ℃, the cotyledon period temperature is 24 ℃, and the 2-piece true leaf period temperature is 20 ℃.
By utilizing single factors and orthogonal tests, the optimal culture conditions for raising the seedlings of the rubber grass by adopting the device provided by the application are as follows: placing dry seeds into a water dipping tank for vernalization at 4 ℃ for 2-3d, placing the purified dry seeds into the water dipping tank, wherein the volume of the purified dry seeds is about 1/2, immersing the whole water dipping tank into clear water for 5h, pouring the soaked seeds into a stirrer, adding seedling raising matrix (fine sand: vermiculite: flower soil=3:1:1), and mixing and sowing the seeds, wherein the sowing density is 13g/m, wherein the seedling raising matrix=1:5 is the seeds according to the parts by weight 2 Spreading 1 layer of seedling substrate after sowing, wherein the cover layer is not more than 1cm; ventilating and ventilating in time during seedling raising, illuminating for 16h, maintaining germination temperature at 21 ℃, cotyledon period at 24 ℃, and maintaining temperature at 20 ℃ after 2 true leaf period, wherein watering is carried out for 1 time every 6 days in seedling stage; 2 pieces of topdressing is started after the true leaf period, the topdressing is carried out for 1 time every 12-15 days, and the decomposed organic fertilizer leaching liquor is adopted, and the dosage is 7g/m each time 2 After 5 to 6 true leaves grow, the leaves are dark green and glossy, the root system is developed, and the plant diseases and insect pests are avoided. The method effectively improves the growth speed and survival rate of the rubber grass seedlings, ensures that the cultured rubber grass seedlings have good growth state, obviously improves the growth and development speed of the rubber grass seedlings, has dark green and glossy leaf color, developed root system and no plant diseases and insect pests, and has wide application and popularization values.
Embodiment four: comparison of rubber grass seedlings cultivated under different factory cultivation conditions
The special seedling raising device and the special seedling raising method for the rubber grass are provided for the A group by arranging 2 treatment groups, and the B group uses the special seedling raising device for the rubber grass, wherein the culture method is to raise seedlings under the culture condition of the rubber grass sand bed seedling raising technical regulation published in 2018 in rural science and technology. The culture results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5: comparison of rubber grass seedlings cultivated under different cultivation conditions
As shown in Table 5, the 2 treatment groups were significantly different in 5 indexes of germination index, vitality index, root length, young leaf width, young leaf length. The germination index and activity index of the rubber grass cultivated by the special seedling cultivating device and the cultivation method of the group A are higher than those of the group B, and the measurement statistics of the root length, the leaf width and the leaf length of the rubber grass in two groups of different cultivation modes are also obviously higher than those of the group B, wherein the average length A of the root length of the rubber grass is 8.12mm longer than that of the group B, and the values of the leaf width and the leaf length of the group A are also obviously higher than those of the group B. The growth and development indexes of the rubber grass cultivated by the cultivation method are obviously superior to those of the rubber grass cultivated by other cultivation methods.
The foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to which the present application pertains should fall within the scope of the present application defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The method for industrially cultivating the rubber grass seedlings is characterized by comprising the following technical steps of:
(1) Pretreatment of seeds: placing the dried seeds in a water dipping tank of a rubber grass seedling cultivation device after vernalization at 4 ℃ for 2-3d, placing the dried seeds in 1/2 of the volume of the water dipping tank, completely immersing in clear water, uniformly rotating for 5 hours, pouring the seeds into a stirring chamber, adding seedling raising matrixes, wherein the seeds are uniformly mixed according to the weight parts, namely, the seedling raising matrixes=1:5, and sowing; the seedling substrate comprises fine sand, vermiculite and floral soil in a ratio of (3:1:1) in parts by weight;
the device comprises a shed body, a water soaking area, a breeding area and a seedling raising area, wherein the water soaking area is provided with a water soaking tank, the water soaking tank is arranged on a clamping frame, the clamping frame is in linear connection with a first motor, the breeding area is provided with a stirrer, rolling beds are arranged in the breeding area and the seedling raising area, seedling raising plates are arranged on the rolling beds, a heating basin is arranged below the seedling raising plates, and a heating plate is arranged below the heating basin; the seedling raising tray is of a hollow structure and is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the water inlet and the water outlet are communicated with a hollow cavity in the seedling raising tray; a spray pipe, a fertilization spray pipe and an LED lamp are arranged above the seedling raising area, a watering pipe is arranged in the seedling raising area, and the fertilization spray pipe in the seedling raising area is connected with a decomposed fertilizer dilution barrel through a second water pump;
(2) Sowing: putting 3/2 seedling substrate into seedling tray before sowing, watering thoroughly, sowing seeds prepared in step (1), sowing with sowing density of 11g/m 2 ～13g/m 2 Spreading 1 layer of seedling substrate after sowing, wherein the cover layer is not more than 1cm;
(3) Seedling management: ventilating and ventilating in time during seedling raising, irradiating for 16h, maintaining germination temperature at 20-21 ℃, maintaining cotyledon period at 22-24 ℃, maintaining cotyledon period at 20-22 ℃ after 2 true leaf period, spraying and watering for 1 time every 6 days in seedling period, starting topdressing after 2 true leaf period, topdressing for 1 time every 12-15 d, applying fertilizer by using decomposed organic fertilizer leaching liquor, and applying fertilizer with each dosage of 6g/m 2 ～8g/m 2 After 5 to 6 true leaves grow, the leaves are dark green and glossy, the root system is developed, and the plant diseases and insect pests are avoided.
2. The method for industrial cultivation of rubber grass seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the sowing density is 13g/m 2 。
3. The method for industrial cultivation of rubber plant seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in said device for cultivation of rubber plant seedlings, germination temperature is kept at 21 ℃, cotyledon period is kept at 24 ℃, and 2 pieces of true leaf period is kept at 20 ℃.
4. The method for industrial cultivation of rubber plant seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the device for cultivation of rubber plant seedlings, a temperature sensor, a hot water pipe and a return pipe are arranged in a heating basin, the hot water pipe is connected with a water inlet at the lower part of a seedling raising tray, and the return pipe is connected with a water outlet at the upper part of the seedling raising tray.
5. The method for industrial cultivation of rubber grass seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the device for cultivating rubber grass seedlings, the water immersion tank is of a cylindrical structure, steel wire meshes are arranged on the side face of the water immersion tank, and the diameter of the steel wire meshes is smaller than that of seeds.
6. The method for industrial cultivation of rubber grass seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the device for cultivating rubber grass seedlings, the number of seedling raising trays placed in a seedling raising area is not less than 3, a plurality of seedling raising holes are formed in the seedling raising trays, and water permeable holes are correspondingly formed below the seedling raising holes.
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