CN103843651B - A kind of with facility half water planting device of tubers medicinal plants and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a semi-hydroponic cultivation device and method for root and rhizome medicinal plants under facility conditions. The cultivation matrix is separated from the nutrient solution through the nutrient solution tank and the cultivation tank. The lower part of the cultivation tank is immersed in the nutrient solution and is provided with a suction hole for the nutrient solution to enter. The nutrient solution flows under the substrate. By controlling the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank The liquid level, time and frequency of liquid supply can limit the supply of nutrient solution to plants through the upward water absorption and fertilizer absorption of the liquid suction hole and substrate. The outstanding advantage of the present invention is that the amount of nutrients and water obtained by the root system of medicinal plants can be controlled by controlling the supply liquid level of the nutrient solution at different growth and development stages, and the water content of the matrix can always be at a level suitable for the formation of swollen roots, so as to achieve the effect of water and fertilizer to induce the roots to grow. To promote the expansion of the root system to form swollen roots, and achieve the effect of improving the yield and quality of Chinese herbal medicines.

Description

A facility and semi-hydroponic cultivation device and method for root and rhizome medicinal plants

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soilless cultivation of facility agriculture, and in particular relates to a device and method for semi-hydroponic soilless cultivation of roots and rhizome medicinal plants under facility conditions.

Background technique

In the past few decades, the demand for Chinese medicinal materials in domestic and foreign markets has continued to increase, but the depletion of wild medicinal plant resources has become increasingly serious and cannot meet commercial needs. Therefore, large-scale field cultivation of medicinal plants has begun. However, there are many problems in the field cultivation of medicinal plants, and it is difficult to guarantee the sustainability of production. First of all, the excessive application of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other agrochemicals has led to problems such as excessive pesticides and heavy metals in Chinese herbal medicines, and a decrease in the content of medicinal ingredients, which has seriously affected the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. At the same time, most medicinal plants have strict requirements on soil conditions, and long-term planting is prone to continuous cropping obstacles, requiring stubble planting, which limits the production scale of high-yield and high-quality medicinal materials, and the contradiction in the supply of Chinese medicinal materials is still difficult to solve. In order to solve the problems of frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the field cultivation of medicinal plants, excessive fertilization and pesticide application, and the decline in the quality of Chinese herbal medicines, and improve the quality and effective supply of Chinese herbal medicines in my country, a method for soilless cultivation of medicinal plants in a facility-controlled environment was developed. It is very necessary and of great significance to replace soil open field cultivation with technology.

In-facility soilless cultivation of medicinal plants has many advantages over field cultivation. First of all, the environmental factors of the facilities are controllable, and the nutrient supply of medicinal plants is controllable. The temperature, humidity, light, _CO2 concentration and other conditions in the facility can be properly adjusted according to the needs of medicinal plants; moreover, the soilless cultivation of medicinal plants in the facility can supply nutrients according to the growth of the crops, improving the nutrient absorption rate of the crops, Reduce environmental pollution, quality degradation and waste of resources caused by excessive fertilization. (2) Soilless cultivation of medicinal plants in facilities can eliminate or reduce the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles and reduce the application of pesticides. Soilless cultivation in the facility adopts substrate or nutrient solution cultivation, and the cultivation substrate can be reused after disinfection, which can reduce various soil-borne diseases caused by continuous cropping and reduce the use of pesticides. (3) Soilless cultivation of medicinal plants in facilities can be artificially regulated to improve the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. During the cultivation process, the control of environmental factors such as temperature and light and the supply of water and fertilizer can be used to promote the growth and yield of plants, increase the accumulation of medicinal components in medicinal parts, and improve the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. (4) The soilless cultivation of medicinal plants in facilities can realize annual production, and the production efficiency is doubled. Because the environment in the facility is controllable, the facility cultivation of medicinal plants can be carried out every year, improving the cultivation efficiency of medicinal plants. In short, the soilless cultivation of medicinal plants in facilities will greatly improve the yield and quality of Chinese herbal medicines, effectively reduce the problems of Chinese herbal medicines, diseases and insect pests and excessive heavy metal content, and realize the functions of saving water, fertilizer and cultivated land resources.

Among the medicinal plants, the medicinal plants whose roots and rhizomes are used as medicine account for a large proportion, and have high commercial value and occupy an important position. However, root and rhizome medicinal plants use roots or rhizomes as medicinal materials, and the yield and quality of their rhizomes directly determine the benefits of medicinal plant production. In order to achieve high quality and high yield, it is necessary to provide a suitable growth environment for the underground parts of rhizome medicinal plants, so as to facilitate their expansion and accumulation of medicinal components. Therefore, traditional soilless cultivation methods (such as NFT, DFT and matrix cultivation techniques) cannot meet the needs of the root zone environment for the growth of rhizome medicinal plants. First, under hydroponic conditions, the roots of plants cannot expand to form swollen roots, and there is a lack of dissolved oxygen supply; second, under traditional substrate cultivation conditions, the substrate layer is thin, and the temperature and humidity conditions of the substrate are easily affected by the temperature and humidity conditions of the facility. Large diurnal fluctuations, so the substrate environment is not easy to control, resulting in difficult control of plant root expansion; finally, simple substrate cultivation can only drip irrigation of nutrient solution from the upper part of the substrate layer, based on the biological characteristics of plants that like water and fertilizer, often lead to plant root expansion. Shallow, restricting root expansion and deep penetration, severely restricting the growth of rhizome medicinal plants and the appearance of Chinese herbal medicines.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a root and rhizome medicinal plant semi-hydroponic cultivation device and a cultivation method thereof under facility conditions. The cultivation substrate is separated from the nutrient solution by the cultivation device, that is, the nutrient solution tank and the cultivation tank, and the nutrition The liquid flows in the nutrient solution tank, and the cultivation tank with the substrate is nested in the nutrient solution tank. The nutrient solution enters the cultivation tank from the nutrient solution tank through the suction hole, and supplies the nutrient solution to the plants through the upward water and fertilizer absorption of the substrate. Absorption, to meet its water and fertilizer needs, while avoiding that the substrate has been soaked in the nutrient solution, can increase the dissolved oxygen content in the substrate, which is beneficial to root growth.

To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

A facility semi-hydroponic cultivation device for roots and rhizome medicinal plants, comprising a nutrient solution tank and a cultivation tank, which are respectively equipped with a nutrient solution and a cultivation substrate, the cultivation tank is nested in the nutrient solution tank, and the lower part of the cultivation tank is immersed in The nutrient solution is also provided with a suction hole for the nutrient solution to enter.

Further, the liquid suction holes may be in various shapes, such as round holes, square holes, strip shapes, grid shapes, etc., preferably porous liquid suction holes arranged in multiple horizontal rows.

Further, the nutrient solution tank is in the shape of a square, a circle, etc., and the cultivation tank adopts a shape matching it. Preferably, the nutrient solution tank is in the shape of a cuboid; the upper part of the cultivation tank is in the shape of a cuboid, and the lower part is in the shape of an inverted trapezoid.

A cultivation substrate suitable for the above-mentioned device is beneficial to the growth of medicinal plants, and the cultivation substrate comprises vermiculite, peat and perlite, which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:(1～2):(0.5～1) .

Preferably, the mass ratio of the vermiculite, peat and perlite is 1:2:1.

A potassium-rich nutrient solution suitable for the above-mentioned device, which can promote the growth and development of plants to be used, expand the root system, and increase the yield of Chinese medicinal materials. The composition of the nutrient solution is (mmol/L): (2.5～3.5)Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ , (0.5～0.9) K ₂ SO ₄ , (0.4～0.6) KH ₂ PO ₄ , (0.08～0.12) KCl, (0.52～0.78) MgSO ₄ , (0.8x10 ^-3 ～1.2x10 ^-3 ) H ₃ BO ₃ , (0.8x10 ^-3 ～1.2x10 ^-3 ) MnSO ₄ , (0.8x10 ^-4 ～1.2x10 ^-4 ) CuSO ₄ , (0.8x10 ^-3 ～1.2x10 ^-3 ) ZnSO ₄ , (4x10 ^-6 ~6x10 ^-6 ) (NH ₄ )6Mo ₇ O ₂₄ , (0.08~0.12) EDTA-Fe.

Preferably, the composition of the nutrient solution is 2.5Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ , 0.75K ₂ SO ₄ , 0.5KH ₂ PO ₄ , 0.1KCl, 0.65MgSO ₄ , 1.0x10 ^-3 H ₃ BO ₃ , 1.0x10 ^-3 MnSO ₄ , 1.0x10 ^-4 CuSO ₄ , 1.0x10 ^-3 ZnSO ₄ , 5x10 ^-6 (NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O ₂₄ , 0.1 EDTA-Fe.

Preferably, the pH of the nutrient solution is 6-7, and the EC is 1.2ms.

A method for semi-hydroponic cultivation of root and rhizome medicinal plants using the above-mentioned device, the steps comprising:

1) Cultivate the seedlings of medicinal plants on the seedling tray, and transplant them into the cultivation tank of the above-mentioned device after 4 to 6 true leaves grow;

2) During the cultivation process, the water content in the matrix of the main root zone is controlled, and the water and fertilizer are added from the bottom nutrient solution tank, and the nutrient solution is supplied to the plants through the upward water and fertilizer absorption of the matrix; the water demand in the seedling stage is large, and the water in the matrix is guaranteed to be sufficient; During the vegetative growth period, control the amount of water, increase the amount of nutrients, and at the same time ensure that the nutrient solution is in the fibrous root of the medicinal material in the matrix to induce the main root of the medicinal material to grow downward and increase the yield; after flowering, increase the content of potassium in the nutrient solution to promote root expansion.

In the above step 1), before transplanting, wrap the hole on the cultivation tank with gauze or non-woven fabric, mix the substrate, fill it in and compact it properly, and the amount of the filled substrate is 5-10cm away from the top of the cultivation tank; Two days after transplanting, water the substrate in the device thoroughly. Do not damage the root system of the plant during the transplanting process. It is best to transplant together with the plug substrate. Dig cultivation holes on the substrate. The size of the holes is consistent with the size of the plant root system to ensure the extension and survival of the plant roots in the substrate after transplanting. After the transplanting is completed, sprinkle a small amount of water with a watering can. Do not water within three days after transplanting. At the same time, shade properly, avoid sun exposure, slow down the seedlings and place them in the sun or artificial light to grow; try not to transplant single plants during the transplanting process, transplant 4-8 plants each time, plant them in a cultivation hole, and grow with the seedlings. Thin out the growing seedlings, and leave one plant in each hole after survival.

The invention provides a facility soilless cultivation device and cultivation method for semi-hydroponic rhizome medicinal plants, as well as a cultivation substrate and nutrient solution suitable for the device. The function of the device is to separate the cultivation substrate from the nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution flows under the substrate. By controlling the liquid level, supply time and frequency of the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank, the upward flow through the suction hole and the substrate can be limited. The water and fertilizer absorption function supplies the nutrient solution to the plants. Its outstanding advantage is that it can control the amount of nutrients and water obtained by the root system of medicinal plants by controlling the supply level of the nutrient solution at different growth and development stages. Level, to achieve the effect of water and fertilizer to induce the root system to prick down, promote the expansion of the root system to form enlarged roots, and achieve the effect of improving the yield and quality of Chinese herbal medicines. The advantages of the present invention are:

1) It can not only meet the water and fertilizer needs of the root system, but also can regulate the water and fertilizer supply, and can also meet its dissolved oxygen demand. The substrate does not need to be constantly soaked in nutrient solution, which can provide a good environment for root growth and swollen root formation;

2) It can realize the automatic management of nutrient solution, which is suitable for large-scale cultivation of medicinal plants under facility conditions (especially under artificial light conditions), and is conducive to improving the yield and quality of Chinese herbal medicines through water and fertilizer regulation;

3) The nutrient solution is supplied to the lower part of the root system, and the water-oriented and fertile properties of the root system can induce the root system to prick down, increase the length of the expanded root system, and improve the appearance and commodity value of Chinese herbal medicines;

4) The size of the device can be designed and manufactured according to the artificial light source, and can be used for complete artificial light cultivation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the nutrient solution tank in the embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the cultivation tank in the embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the nutrient solution tank installed in the cultivation tank in the embodiment.

Fig. 4 is a photograph of platycodon root produced in Examples.

Fig. 5 is a comparison chart of the output per unit area of the semi-hydroponic device cultivation and potted cultivation conditions of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

The semi-hydroponic soilless cultivation device of this embodiment is composed of a nutrient solution tank 1 and a cultivation tank 2, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 respectively. Wherein the nutrient solution tank 1 of Fig. 1 is the cuboid groove without cover, and flows for nutrient solution; There are multiple round holes.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of putting the cultivation tank 2 into the nutrient solution tank 1 . The nutrient solution tank 1 is equipped with a nutrient solution, and the cultivation tank 2 is equipped with a cultivation substrate. Before the cultivation tank 2 is loaded into the nutrient solution tank 1, it is wrapped and fixed with non-woven fabrics on all sides to prevent the cultivation substrate from entering the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank, and other cultivation substrates that can penetrate the nutrient solution and prevent the cultivation substrate from entering the nutrient solution tank can also be used. Material entering the nutrient solution tank.

In this device, the external nutrient solution tank is 60cm long, 40cm wide and 20cm high. The upper cuboid of the inner cultivation tank is 50cm long, 30cm wide, and 30cm high. The lower inverted trapezoid is equal or substantially equal to the outer tank body. Three rows of small holes with a diameter of 2 cm are opened on the slopes on both sides of the trapezoid for the root system of the plant to absorb the nutrient solution.

The cultivation substrate used in this device is a mixture of vermiculite, peat and perlite in a ratio of 1:2:1.

The composition of the nutrient solution used in this device is (mmol/L): 2.5Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ , 0.75K ₂ SO ₄ , 0.5KH ₂ PO ₄ , 0.1KCl, 0.65MgSO ₄ , 1.0x10 ^-3 H ₃ BO ₃ , 1.0x10 ^-3 MnSO ₄ , 1.0x10 ^-4 CuSO ₄ , 1.0x10 ^-3 ZnSO ₄ , 5x10 ^-6 (NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O ₂₄ , 0.1EDTA-Fe. The pH of the nutrient solution is 6-7, and the EC is 1.2ms. The nutrient solution is poured in from the bottom tank, which can induce the root system to grow downward. At the same time, an appropriate amount of potassium element is added to the nutrient solution during the root expansion stage of medicinal plants to promote the expansion of the roots of medicinal plants.

The cultivation method of the device is seedling cultivation and transplanting, that is, the medicinal material seedlings are cultivated on the seedling cultivation tray, and after 4 true leaves grow, they are transplanted into the cultivation tank of the device. During the transplanting process, care should be taken not to damage the root system of the seedlings and the row spacing of the seedlings. The row spacing of the seedlings is 12*12cm.

Before transplanting, wrap the hole on the cultivation tank with gauze or non-woven fabric, mix the substrate and fill it in and compact it. The amount of substrate filled is 5-10cm away from the top of the cultivation tank; two days after transplanting, place the Water the substrate thoroughly, and do not damage the root system of the plant during the transplanting process. Dig cultivation holes on the substrate. The size of the hole is consistent with the size of the root system of the plant to ensure the extension and survival of the plant root system in the substrate after transplanting. After transplanting, use Sprinkle a small amount of water with the watering can, do not water within three days after transplanting, and at the same time properly shade, avoid sun exposure, slow down the seedlings and place them in the sun or artificial light to grow; try not to transplant single plants during the transplanting process, each transplanting 4-8 plants are planted in one cultivation hole, and the seedlings are thinned with the growth of the seedlings, and only one plant is left in each hole after survival.

During the cultivation process, the water content in the matrix of the main root zone is controlled, and the water and fertilizer are all added from the bottom nutrient solution tank, and the nutrient solution is supplied to the plants through the upward water and fertilizer absorption of the matrix. The seedling stage needs a lot of water to ensure sufficient water in the substrate; the vegetative growth period controls the amount of water, increases the amount of nutrients, and at the same time ensures that the nutrient solution is in the root part of the medicinal material in the substrate, so as to induce the main root of the medicinal material to grow downward and increase the yield; Potassium content in the nutrient solution to promote root expansion.

The cultivation substrate used in the present invention can also be other ratios in other embodiments, wherein the mass ratio scope of vermiculite, peat and perlite is advisable with 1:(1～2):(0.5～1), which is conducive to the growth of medicinal plants,

The nutrient solution used in the present invention can also be other proportions in other embodiments, and the specific composition (mmol/L) is advisable in the following range, which can promote the growth and development of the plant to be used, expand the root system, and improve the output of Chinese medicinal materials: ( 2.5～3.5) Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ , (0.5～0.9) K ₂ SO ₄ , (0.4～0.6) KH ₂ PO ₄ , (0.08～0.12) KCl, (0.52～0.78) MgSO ₄ , (0.8x10 ^{- 3} ～1.2x10 ^-3 ) H ₃ BO ₃ , (0.8x10 ^-3 ～1.2x10 ^-3 ) MnSO ₄ , (0.8x10 ^-4 ～1.2x10 ^-4 ) CuSO ₄ , (0.8x10 ^-3 ～1.2x10 ^-3 ) ZnSO ₄ , (4x10 ^-6 ~ 6x10 ^-6 ) (NH ₄ ) 6Mo ₇ O ₂₄ , (0.08 ~ 0.12) EDTA-Fe.

The device and method of the present invention are suitable for root and rhizome medicinal plants, such as Campanulaceae, Radix Astragali, Fangfeng, Atractylodes macrocephala and the like.

The screening test data of substrate ratio and nutrient solution concentration are provided below;

1) Screening of substrate composition of bellflower in soilless culture

Experimental design: set up 6 different matrix combinations, that is, the proportions of vermiculite, peat and perlite under each treatment are 1:1 (T1), 1:1:1 (T2), 1:2:1 (T3) , 1:2:0.5(T4), 2:1:1(T5), 2:1:0.5(T6), each treatment was repeated 3 times. The diameter of the cultivation pot is 20cm, the height is 23cm, each pot contains 7.5L of substrate, and each pot is planted with 3 plants. After harvesting, the dry and fresh weight and root volume of bellflower were measured.

Test results: As shown in Table 1, the yield of platycodon grandiflorum under T2, T3, and T4 treatments is better than that of the other three treatments. T4, T5, T6. According to the observations in the early stage of the experiment, the mass ratio of vermiculite, peat and perlite was 1:2:1 as the optimal substrate combination for cultivating platycodon grandiflorum.

Table 1. Bellflower yield under different substrate treatments (unit: g/pot)

2) Screening of nitrogen level and nitrogen form of bellflower in soilless culture

Experimental design: Cultivate Campanulaceae by hydroponic method, the diameter of the hydroponic pot is 19cm, the height is 20cm, and 5L of nutrient solution is added to each pot. The composition of the basic nutrient solution is (mmol/L): 0.75K ₂ SO ₄ , 0.5KH ₂ PO ₄ , 0.1KCl, 0.65MgSO ₄ , 1.0x10 ^-3 H ₃ BO ₃ , 1.0x10 ^-3 MnSO ₄ , 1.0x10 ^-4 CuSO ₄ , 1.0x10 ^-3 ZnSO ₄ , 5x10 ^-6 (NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O ₂₄ , 0.1 EDTA-Fe. Consists of two trials:

Test 1 is a nitrogen level test, including four treatments N1, N2.5, N5 and N7.5, that is, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the nutrient solution of each treatment is 1, 2.5, 5 and 7.5mmol/L in turn, and the nitrate nitrogen is determined by Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ provides;

Test 2 is the nitrogen form test, including four treatments N5, N4+A1, N2.5+A2.5 and N1+A4, that is, the nutrient solution of each treatment contains 5mmol/L nitrate nitrogen, 4mmol/L nitrate nitrogen plus 1mmol/L ammonium nitrogen, 2.5mmol/L nitrate nitrogen plus 2.5mmol/L ammonium nitrogen and 1mmol/L nitrate nitrogen plus 4mmol/L ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen is composed of Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ and KNO ₃ It is provided that the method of increasing K ₂ SO ₄ is used to balance the difference in potassium ion concentration caused by the addition of KNO ₃ in each treatment nutrient solution, and the ammonium nitrogen is provided by (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ .

Platycodon grandiflorum seeds were soaked in 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 24 hours before use. On July 8, 2012, the seedlings were raised, and on August 8, 2012, they were transplanted into hydroponic pots, with 4 plants per pot, and a total of 65 days of growth.

Test results: The nitrogen level test results are shown in Table 2. When the nitrate nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution is 5mmol/L and 7.5mmol/L, it is the suitable nitrogen level for the growth of Campanulaceae.

Table 2. Bellflower yield under different nitrogen levels (unit: g/pot)

The results of the nitrogen form test are shown in Table 3. When the nitrogen form in the nutrient solution is all nitrate nitrogen, it is suitable for the growth of Platycodon grandiflorum.

Table 3. Bellflower yield under different nitrogen forms (unit: g/pot)

An example of using the above-mentioned device to carry out soilless cultivation is provided below:

The medicinal material planted in this example is the medicinal plant Bellflower root. In March 2013, before the seedlings of Platycodon grandiflorum were raised, they were soaked in 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 24 hours, washed with clean water and sown in seedling trays filled with vermiculite. After the bellflower seedling grows 4 true leaves, it is transplanted into the device. The substrate used for cultivation consists of vermiculite: peat: perlite at a ratio of 1:2:1. The composition of the nutrient solution is the composition of the nutrient solution (mmol/L): 2.5Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ , 0.75K ₂ SO ₄ , 0.5KH ₂ PO ₄ , 0.1KCl, 0.65MgSO ₄ , 1.0x10 ^-3 H ₃ BO ₃ , 1.0x10 ^-3 MnSO ₄ , 1.0x10 ^-4 CuSO ₄ , 1.0x10 ^-3 ZnSO ₄ , 5x10 -6 (NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O ₂₄ , 0.1 EDTA-Fe. The pH of the nutrient solution is 6-7, and the EC is 1.2ms. The nutrient solution is poured in from the bottom groove, and enters the root zone by the capillary action of the matrix for the growth of bellflower. On March 18, 2013, it was transplanted and cultivated in this device. Harvest on November 20, 2013. During the cultivation process, the water content in the matrix of the main root zone is controlled, and the water and fertilizer are integrated into the bottom liquid supply tank. After the bellflower blooms, the content of potassium in the nutrient solution is increased to promote root expansion.

After harvesting, the yield was measured. The fresh weight of a single platycodon is 1.69-25.99g, the total root length is 23.4-27.8cm, the root diameter is 0.9-2.9cm, the root length is 5.0-12.4cm, and the platycodon grandiflorum can produce 1500g per square meter. And adopt prior art to obtain the platycodon grandiflorum per plant fresh weight is 1.37-5.54g, total root length is 10.6-17.9cm, root is thick 0.6-1.4cm, root tuber length is 3.7-6.4cm, and the output per square meter is 900g. Visible, the present invention has obtained the effect of obvious progress.

The comparison between cultivation under the semi-hydroponic device of the present invention and cultivation under ordinary potted conditions shows that the yield per unit area of the semi-hydroponic device is 600 g higher than that under potted conditions, as shown in FIG. 5 .

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it. Those of ordinary skill in the art can modify or equivalently replace the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of protection should be determined by the claims.

Claims (3)

1. a root and facility half water planting device of tubers medicinal plants, it is characterised in that include nutrition liquid bath and cultivation Training groove, is respectively provided with nutritional solution and cultivation matrix in it, cultivation bed is nested in nutrition liquid bath, and nutritional solution is immersed in cultivation bed bottom In and be provided with the imbibing hole making nutritional solution enter；The bottom of described cultivation bed is inverted trapezoidal, and described imbibing hole is in horizontal multirow The cellular opening of arrangement, is located on two inclined-planes of described inverted trapezoidal；Nutritional solution is entered cultivation by imbibing hole by nutrition liquid bath Training groove, and by the upwards water suction suction fertilizer effect of cultivation matrix, nutritional solution is supplied plant absorption；Send out by controlling difference growth Educate nutrient and the moisture quantity of the supply level control medicinal plants root system acquisition of Stage Nutrition liquid, make water content of substrate locate all the time In suitably expanding the level that root formed, to promote formation to expand root；Described cultivation matrix is by Vermiculitum, the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite mixing Becoming, its mass ratio is 1:(1～2): (0.5～1)；The composition of described nutritional solution be respectively as follows: in units of mmol/L (2.5～ 3.5)Ca(NO₃)₂, (0.5～0.9) K₂SO₄, (0.4～0.6) KH₂PO₄, (0.08～0.12) KCl, (0.52～0.78) MgSO₄, (0.8x10^-3～1.2x10^-3)H₃BO₃, (0.8x10^-3～1.2x10^-3)MnSO₄, (0.8x10^-4～1.2x10^-4) CuSO₄, (0.8x10^-3～1.2x10^-3)ZnSO₄, (4x10^-6～6x10^-6)(NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄, (0.08～0.12) EDTA-Fe.

2. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described nutrition liquid bath is cuboid；Described cultivation bed upper Portion is cuboid.

3. use the method that device described in claim 1 carries out root and the facility half water planting cultivation of tubers medicinal plants, Its step includes:

1) on seedlings nursing plate, cultivate the seedling of medical material plant, be transplanted in cultivation bed after growing 4～6 true leaves；

2) controlling liquid manure content in main root territorial matrix in the course of cultivation, liquid manure one is added by bottom nutrition liquid bath, passes through The upwards water suction of cultivation matrix is inhaled fertilizer effect and nutritional solution is supplied plant；In the course of cultivation, Seedling Stage ensures Medium Culture moisture Sufficient；Control moisture consumption vegetative growth phase, increase amount of nutrients, ensure nutritional solution medical material fibrous root part in substrate simultaneously, Grow downwards with induction medical material main root, increase yield；Medicinal plants Post flowering has additional nutrients the content of potassium element in liquid, to promote Root swelling.