CN103843651B - A kind of with facility half water planting device of tubers medicinal plants and method - Google Patents
A kind of with facility half water planting device of tubers medicinal plants and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103843651B CN103843651B CN201410080888.4A CN201410080888A CN103843651B CN 103843651 B CN103843651 B CN 103843651B CN 201410080888 A CN201410080888 A CN 201410080888A CN 103843651 B CN103843651 B CN 103843651B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910019626 (NH4)6Mo7O24 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002522 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000474 nursing Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007836 KH2PO4 Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M Monopotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulphate Substances [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001413 cellular Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229940079593 drugs Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- -1 nitrate nitrogen Chemical compound 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- VZJVWSHVAAUDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium permanganate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O VZJVWSHVAAUDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000006753 Platycodon grandiflorum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000274050 Platycodon grandiflorum Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007952 growth promoter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000481 Breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 240000000218 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001736 Capillaries Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000009636 Huang Qi Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010022114 Injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004059 degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The present invention relates to root and tubers medicinal plants half water planting device and method under a kind of facility condition.By nutrition liquid bath and cultivation bed, cultivation matrix is separated with nutritional solution, cultivation bed bottom is immersed in nutritional solution and is provided with the imbibing hole making nutritional solution enter, nutritional solution flows below substrate, by controlling the liquid level of nutritional solution, feed flow time and the frequency in nutrition liquid bath, nutritional solution is supplied plant by the upwards water suction suction fertilizer effect by imbibing hole and substrate that can limit.The outstanding advantage of the present invention is can be by controlling nutrient and the moisture quantity that the supply level control medicinal plants root system of different growth and development stage nutritional solution obtains, water content of substrate can be in all the time suitably expand root formed level, reach by pricking under liquid manure induction root system, promote that root system expands formation and expands root, it is achieved improve Chinese herbal medicine yield and the effect of quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to industrialized agriculture cultivation technique without soil field, be specifically related to a kind of root and rhizome class medicinal plants facility
The device and method of condition lower half water planting soilless culture.
Background technology
In the past few decades, Chinese crude drug demand is continuously increased by domestic and international market, but Wild Medicinal Plants Resources exhaustion journey
Degree situation is the most serious, it is impossible to meeting business needs, therefore medicinal plants starts artificial large-scale field production production.But
Being to there is many problems during medicinal plants field production, the sustainability of production is difficult to ensure that.First, excess is used
The agricultural chemicals such as chemical fertilizer, pesticide cause Chinese crude drug Pesticides, heavy metals exceeding standard, degradation problem under pharmaceutical ingredient content, seriously
Have impact on the quality of Chinese crude drug.Meanwhile, edaphic condition is required strict by most medicinal plants, and long-term plantation easily occurs continuous cropping obstacle
Problem, needs rotation of crops plantation, thus limits the production scale of high yield and high quality medical material, and Chinese crude drug supply contradiction is still difficult to solve.
The problems such as the pest and disease damage existed to solve medicinal plants field production takes place frequently, and fertilising dispenser is too much, Chinese crude drug Quality Down, carry
High China Chinese crude drug quality and effective supply, research and development method of soilless culture medicinal plants under facility controllable environment takes with technology
Extremely being necessary for soil outdoor cropping, tool is of great significance.
Compared with field production, in facility, soilless culture cultivation medicinal plants has numerous advantage.First, facilities environment because of
Son is controlled, and medicinal plants nutrient supply is controlled.Temperature in facility, humidity, illumination, CO2The conditions such as concentration, can be according to medicinal
The demand of plant is carried out and appropriate regulation；And, facility medicinal plants soilless culture can supply nutrient according to plant growth, improves
The Nutrient Absorption rate of crop, reduces environmental pollution, quality decline and the wasting of resources caused because of overfertilization.(2) facility medicine
The generation of continuous cropping obstacle can be stopped or reduce with plant soil-less culturing, reduce using of pesticide.In facility, soilless culture uses base
Matter or nutrient fluid cultivation, cultivation matrix can use by secondary after sterilization, can reduce the various soil-borne diseases caused because of continuous cropping,
Reduce the use of pesticide.(3) soilless culture of facility medicinal plants can artificial adjustment improve Chinese crude drug quality.Can in cultivation
The control supplied by the envirment factor such as temperature, illumination and liquid manure, is promoted growth and the yield of plant, improves medicinal part medicinal
The accumulation of composition, improves the quality of Chinese herbal medicine.(4) soilless culture of facility medicinal plants can realize whole year production, and productivity effect becomes
Improve again.Because in facility, environment is controlled, the facility cultivation of medicinal plants can be carried out in the anniversary, improves the cultivation efficiency of medicinal plants.
In a word, facility soilless culture medicinal plants will increase substantially yield and the quality of Chinese crude drug, effectively reduce Chinese crude drug pest and disease damage
And content of beary metal such as exceeds standard at the problem, it is achieved economize on water, save the function such as fertilizer, farmland saving resource.
In medicinal plants, the medicinal plants being used as medicine with root and rhizome accounts for significant proportion, and commercialization is worth the highest, occupies weight
Want status.But, root and tubers medicinal plants are used as medicine using root or rhizome as medical material, and yield and the quality of its rhizome are straight
Connect and decide the benefit that medicinal plants produces.In order to realize good quality and high output, it is necessary to the underground part for rhizome medicinal plants provides suitable
Suitable growing environment, is beneficial to it and expands and the accumulation of medicinal ingredient.Therefore, traditional soilless culture method (such as NFT, DFT and
Substrate culture technology) demand of root district environment of tubers medicinal plants growth cannot be met.First, under the conditions of water planting, plant
Root system cannot expand formation and expand root, and lack dissolved oxygen supply；Secondly, under traditional matrices cultivation condition, hypothallus is thin,
The temperature and humidity condition of substrate is easily affected by facility temperature and humidity conditions, and significantly day and night fluctuation occurs, so substrate
Environment is wayward, causes the expanding of root system of plant to be difficult to regulate and control；Finally, simple substrate culture can only be from hypothallus top
Drip irrigation nutrient solution, biological characteristics based on plant happiness liquid manure, often result in root system of plant shallower, k-index expands and deeply pricks,
The serious growth limiting tubers medicinal plants and the condition of Chinese crude drug.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems referred to above, the present invention provides root and the cultivation of tubers medicinal plants half water planting under a kind of facility condition
Device and cultural method thereof, by culture apparatus, i.e. cultivation matrix is separated by nutrition liquid bath and cultivation bed with nutritional solution, nutritional solution
Flowing in nutrition liquid bath, the cultivation bed equipped with substrate is nested in nutrition liquid bath, and nutritional solution passes through imbibing hole by nutrition liquid bath
Enter cultivation bed, and by the upwards water suction suction fertilizer effect of substrate, nutritional solution is supplied plant absorption, meet its liquid manure demand, with
Time avoid substrate to be immersed in nutritional solution always, the content of dissolved oxygen in substrate, beneficially root growth can be increased.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of with facility half water planting device of tubers medicinal plants, including nutrition liquid bath and cultivation bed, in it
Being respectively provided with nutritional solution and cultivation matrix, cultivation bed is nested in nutrition liquid bath, and cultivation bed bottom is immersed in nutritional solution and is provided with
Make the imbibing hole that nutritional solution enters.
Further, described imbibing hole can be variously-shaped, and such as circular hole, square hole, strip, palisade etc., preferably adopt
With the cavernous imbibing hole in horizontal plurality of rows.
Further, described nutrition liquid bath is the shape such as square, circular, and described cultivation bed uses the shape matched with it
Shape.Preferably, nutrition liquid bath is cuboid；The top of cultivation bed is cuboid, and bottom is inverted trapezoidal, this inverted trapezoidal and battalion
Nutrient solution groove is with high, and described imbibing hole is located on two inclined-planes of this inverted trapezoidal.
A kind of cultivation matrix being applicable to said apparatus, the beneficially growth of medicinal plants, this cultivation matrix include Vermiculitum,
The peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite, according to 1:(1～2): the mass ratio of (0.5～1) mixes.
Preferably, described Vermiculitum, the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic mass ratio are 1:2:1.
A kind of rich potassium nutrition liquid being applicable to said apparatus, can promote to expand with the growth promoter of plant, root system, improves
Chinese crude drug yield, consisting of (mmol/L) of this nutritional solution: (2.5～3.5) Ca (NO3)2, (0.5～0.9) K2SO4, (0.4～
0.6) KH2PO4, (0.08～0.12) KCl, (0.52～0.78) MgSO4, (0.8x10-3～1.2x10-3) H3BO3, (0.8x10-3
～1.2x10-3) MnSO4, (0.8x10-4～1.2x10-4) CuSO4, (0.8x10-3～1.2x10-3) ZnSO4, (4x10-6~
6x10-6) (NH4)6Mo7O24, (0.08～0.12) EDTA-Fe.
Preferably, described nutritional solution consist of 2.5Ca (NO3)2, 0.75K2SO4, 0.5KH2PO4, 0.1KCl,
0.65MgSO4, 1.0x10-3H3BO3, 1.0x10-3MnSO4, 1.0x10-4CuSO4, 1.0x10-3ZnSO4, 5x10-6(NH4)6Mo7O24, 0.1EDTA-Fe.
Preferably, the pH of nutritional solution be 6-7, EC be 1.2ms.
A kind of method using said apparatus to carry out root and the facility half water planting cultivation of tubers medicinal plants, its step bag
Include:
1) on seedlings nursing plate, cultivate the seedling of medical material plant, after growing 4～6 true leaves, be transplanted to the cultivation of said apparatus
In groove；
2) controlling moisture in main root territorial matrix in the course of cultivation, liquid manure one is added by bottom nutrition liquid bath,
Inhale fertilizer effect by the upwards water suction of substrate and nutritional solution is supplied plant；Seedling Stage water requirement is big, it is ensured that Medium Culture moisture is sufficient；
Control moisture consumption vegetative growth phase, increase amount of nutrients, ensure nutritional solution medical material fibrous root part in substrate, with induction simultaneously
Medical material main root grows downwards, increases yield；Post flowering has additional nutrients the content of potassium element in liquid, to promote root swelling.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in, by the hole gauze on cultivation bed or non-woven wraps before transplanting, insert after substrate is mixed
And appropriate compacting, the substrate amount inserted is at distance cultivation bed top 5-10cm；Transplant and two days later the substrate in device is irrigated
Water, does not injure the root system of plant, transplants together preferably in conjunction with plug media in migration process.Substrate is dug culture hole, hole
Size and plant root in the same size to ensure after transplanting root system of plant stretching, extension in substrate and to survive simultaneously, transplanted
Cheng Houyong watering can spreads a small amount of water, does not water in having transplanted three days, suitably shelters from heat or light, it is to avoid solar exposure simultaneously, and slow Seedling is rearmounted
Grow under sunlight or artificial light；Individual plant of trying not during transplanting is transplanted, and transplants 4-8 strain every time, plants in a culture hole
In, with the growth thinning of seedling, every Kong Liuyi strain after surviving.
The invention provides facility cultivation apparatus without soil and the cultural method of the tubers medicinal plants of a kind of half water planting, with
And it is applicable to cultivation matrix and the nutritional solution of this device.The function of this device is cultivation matrix to be separated with nutritional solution, battalion
Nutrient solution flows below substrate, by controlling the liquid level of nutritional solution, feed flow time and the frequency in nutrition liquid bath, can limit and pass through
The upwards water suction of imbibing hole and substrate is inhaled fertilizer effect and nutritional solution is supplied plant, and its outstanding advantage is can be by controlling difference growth
The nutrient of the supply level control medicinal plants root system acquisition of stage of development nutritional solution and moisture quantity, water content of substrate can be all the time
It is in the level that root formed of suitably expanding, reaches by pricking under liquid manure induction root system, promote that root system expands formation and expands root, it is achieved
Improve Chinese herbal medicine yield and the effect of quality.Present invention have an advantage that
1) can meet root system liquid manure needs, can regulate and control again liquid manure supply, also can meet its dissolved oxygen demand, substrate is not required to
Regular it is in nutritional solution soaking state, can be root growth and the root that expands is formed and provides a good environment；
2) automated management of nutritional solution can be realized, be suitable under facility condition scale (particularly under the conditions of artificial light)
Change cultivation medicinal plants to use, be conducive to improving Chinese crude drug yield and quality by water-fertilizer conditioning；
3) achieving root system bottom supplying nutrition liquid, can inducing to fertilizer to water of root system is pricked under root system, increases and expands root
The length of system, improves condition and the commodity value of Chinese crude drug；
4) size of this device can manufacture and design according to artificial light source, can be used for the cultivation of complete artificial light.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment Middle nutrition liquid bath.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of cultivation bed in embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that embodiment Middle nutrition liquid bath is installed in cultivation bed.
Fig. 4 is the photo of the Radix Platycodonis root generated in embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the half hydroponic device cultivation yield per unit area comparison diagram with condition of pot of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by specific embodiments and the drawings, the present invention will be further described.
The half water planting cultivation apparatus without soil of the present embodiment, is made up of nutrition liquid bath 1, cultivation bed 2 two parts, respectively as Fig. 1,
Shown in Fig. 2.The wherein cuboid groove that nutrition liquid bath 1 is uncovered of Fig. 1, flows for nutritional solution；Fig. 2 is cultivation bed, has end uncovered,
Its top is cuboid, and bottom is inverted trapezoidal, and two inclined-planes of inverted trapezoidal have multiple circular hole.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that cultivation bed 2 loads nutrition liquid bath 1.Nutrition liquid bath 1 is built with nutritional solution, and cultivation bed 2 is built-in
There is cultivation matrix.Cultivation bed 2 is loading before nutrition liquid bath 1, at surrounding non-woven wraps and fix, to prevent cultivation matrix from entering
Enter in the nutritional solution in nutritional solution groove, it would however also be possible to employ other can prevent again cultivation matrix from entering nutritional solution through nutritional solution
Material in groove.
In this device, outside nutritional solution flute length 60cm, wide 40cm, high 20cm.Internal cultivation bed top cuboid is long
50cm, wide 30cm, high 30cm, bottom inverted ladder-shaped body is contour or the most contour with outside cell body, the top of inverted trapezoidal and cuboid
With wide, bottom width 10cm.Open the aperture of 3 row diameter 2cm on the inclined-plane of prismatoid both sides, absorb nutritional solution for root system of plant.
The cultivation matrix used in this device is that Vermiculitum, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite mix according to the ratio of 1:2:1.
The nutritional solution used in this device consists of (mmol/L): 2.5Ca (NO3)2, 0.75K2SO4, 0.5KH2PO4,
0.1KCl, 0.65MgSO4, 1.0x10-3H3BO3, 1.0x10-3MnSO4, 1.0x10-4CuSO4, 1.0x10-3ZnSO4, 5x10-6
(NH4)6Mo7O24, 0.1EDTA-Fe.The pH of nutritional solution be 6-7, EC be 1.2ms.Nutritional solution is poured into by base channel, can induce root system
Growth downwards, adds potassium element, to promote medical material root swelling in medicinal plants root expanding stage nutritional solution simultaneously in right amount.
The planting type of this device is culturing and transplanting seedlings, i.e. cultivates medical material seedling on seedlings nursing plate, moves after growing 4 true leaves
Plant in the cultivation bed of this device.Migration process should be noted that the seeding row spacing of root system and the seedling not damaging seedling, seedling
Seeding row spacing be 12*12cm.
By the hole gauze on cultivation bed or non-woven wraps before transplanting, insert and be compacted after substrate is mixed, insert
Substrate amount is at distance cultivation bed top 5-10cm；Transplanting waters permeable by the substrate in device two days later, in migration process not
The root system of injury plant, digs culture hole in substrate, after the size in hole and the in the same size of plant root are to ensure to transplant simultaneously
Root system of plant stretching, extension in substrate with survive, spread a small amount of water with watering can after having transplanted, do not water in having transplanted three days,
Suitably shelter from heat or light, it is to avoid solar exposure, slow Seedling is placed under sunlight or artificial light growth simultaneously；Try not during transplanting individual plant
Transplant, transplant 4-8 strain every time, plant in a culture hole, with the growth thinning of seedling, every Kong Liuyi strain after surviving.
Controlling moisture in main root territorial matrix in the course of cultivation, liquid manure one is added by bottom nutrition liquid bath, logical
Nutritional solution is supplied plant by the upwards water suction suction fertilizer effect crossing substrate.Seedling Stage water requirement is big, it is ensured that Medium Culture moisture is sufficient；Battalion
Health preserving long-term control moisture consumption, increases amount of nutrients, ensures nutritional solution medical material fibrous root part in substrate, with revulsive simultaneously
Material main root grows downwards, increases yield；Radix Platycodonis Post flowering has additional nutrients the content of potassium element in liquid, to promote root swelling.
Cultivation matrix used by the present invention, can also be other ratio, wherein Vermiculitum, the peat composed of rotten mosses and treasure in other embodiments
The mass ratio range of Zhu Yan is with 1:(1～2): (0.5～1) is advisable, and is so conducive to the growth of medicinal plants,
Nutritional solution used by the present invention, can also be other ratio in other embodiments, particular make-up (mmol/L) with
Below in the range of preferably, can promote to expand with the growth promoter of plant, root system, raising Chinese crude drug yield: (2.5～3.5) Ca
(NO3)2, (0.5～0.9) K2SO4, (0.4～0.6) KH2PO4, (0.08～0.12) KCl, (0.52～0.78) MgSO4,
(0.8x10-3～1.2x10-3) H3BO3, (0.8x10-3～1.2x10-3) MnSO4, (0.8x10-4～1.2x10-4) CuSO4,
(0.8x10-3～1.2x10-3) ZnSO4, (4x10-6～6x10-6) (NH4)6Mo7O24, (0.08～0.12) EDTA-Fe.
Apparatus and method of the present invention is applicable to root and tubers medicinal plants, such as Radix Platycodonis, the Radix Astragali, Radix Saposhnikoviae, the Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae etc..
Provide below the screening test data of matrix ratios and nutrient solution concentration；
1) the substrate composed screening of soilless culture Radix Platycodonis
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: arranging 6 kinds of different substrate combination, i.e. each lower Vermiculitum of process, the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic ratio are respectively
It is 1:1 (T1), 1:1:1 (T2), 1:2:1 (T3), 1:2:0.5 (T4), 2:1:1 (T5), 2:1:0.5 (T6), each process repetition 3
Secondary.Cultivation tray diameter 20cm, high 23cm, every basin dress substrate 7.5L, 3 strains planted by every basin.Measure after results Radix Platycodonis dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings and
Root volume.
Result of the test: as shown in table 1, the Radix Platycodonis yield under T2, T3, T4 process is better than other 3 process, the Radix Platycodonis of generation
Root as shown in Figure 4, is followed successively by T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 by left-to-right in figure.Observe according to test early stage, select Vermiculitum, grass
Charcoal, perlitic mass ratio 1:2:1 are the optimum substrate combination of cultivation Radix Platycodonis.
Table 1. different substrates processes lower Radix Platycodonis yield (unit: g/pot)
2) soilless culture Radix Platycodonis nitrogen level and the screening of nitrogen form
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: using water planting mode to cultivate Radix Platycodonis, water planting basin diameter 19cm, high 20cm, every basin adds nutritional solution 5L.
Basic nutrient solution consists of (mmol/L): 0.75K2SO4, 0.5KH2PO4, 0.1KCl, 0.65MgSO4, 1.0x10-3H3BO3,
1.0x10-3MnSO4, 1.0x10-4CuSO4, 1.0x10-3ZnSO4, 5x10-6(NH4)6Mo7O24, 0.1EDTA-Fe.By two tests
Constitute:
Test one is tested for nitrogen level, processes N1, N2.5, N5 and N7.5 including four, respectively processes nitre state in nutritional solution
Nitrogen concentration is followed successively by 1,2.5,5 and 7.5mmol/L, and nitrate nitrogen is by Ca (NO3)2There is provided；
Test two is tested for nitrogen form, processes N5, N4+A1, N2.5+A2.5 and N1+A4 including four, respectively processes nutrition
Containing 5mmol/L nitrate nitrogen in liquid, 4mmol/L nitrate nitrogen adds 1mmol/L ammonium nitrogen, 2.5mmol/L nitrate nitrogen adds 2.5mmol/L
Ammonium nitrogen and 1mmol/L nitrate nitrogen add 4mmol/L ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen is by Ca (NO3)2And KNO3There is provided, utilize and increase K2SO4's
Method balances in each process nutritional solution because of KNO3The potassium concentration difference that caused of addition, ammonium nitrogen is by (NH4)2SO4Carry
Supply.
Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum is soaked seed 24 hours with 0.3% potassium permanganate solution before using.Nursery on July 8 in 2012, in August, 2012
Within 8th, transplant to water planting basin, the strain of every basin 4, amount to growth 65 days.
Result of the test: nitrogen level result of the test is as shown in table 2, in nutritional solution nitrate be 5mmol/L and
During 7.5mmol/L, for the nitrogen level that Radix Platycodonis growth is suitable.
Radix Platycodonis yield (unit: g/pot) under table 2. Different nitrogen levels
Nitrogen form result of the test is as shown in table 3, suitable Radix Platycodonis growth during all nitrate nitrogens of nitrogen form in nutritional solution.
Radix Platycodonis yield (unit: g/pot) under table 3. Nitrogen form
Provide below and use said apparatus to carry out an example of soilless culture:
The medical material of this example plantation is the medicinal plants Radix Platycodonis being used as medicine with root.Before in March, 2013 Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum nursery, use
The potassium permanganate solution of 0.3% soaks 24 hours, is seeded in the seedlings nursing plate filling Vermiculitum after cleaning with clear water.Treat Radix Platycodonis seedling
It is transplanted in this device after growing 4 true leaves.The matrix group that cultivation uses becomes Vermiculitum: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlitic ratio is 1:2:
1.Nutritional solution consists of nutritional solution and consists of (mmol/L): 2.5Ca (NO3)2, 0.75K2SO4, 0.5KH2PO4, 0.1KCl,
0.65MgSO4, 1.0x10-3H3BO3, 1.0x10-3MnSO4, 1.0x10-4CuSO4, 1.0x10-3ZnSO4, 5x10-6 (NH4)6Mo7O24, 0.1EDTA-Fe.The pH of nutritional solution be 6-7, EC be 1.2ms.Nutritional solution is poured into by base channel, relies on the capillary of substrate
Effect enters root district and grows for Radix Platycodonis.Transplant on March 18th, 2013 and cultivate to this device.On November 20th, 2013 gathers in the crops.Plant
Controlling moisture in main root territorial matrix during training, liquid manure one all has bottom feed tank to add, and Radix Platycodonis Post flowering increases battalion
The content of potassium element in nutrient solution, to promote root swelling.
Survey after results and produce, Radix Platycodonis single-strain fresh weight 1.69-25.99g, total root length 23.4-27.8cm, the thick 0.9-2.9cm of root, block
Root length 5.0-12.4cm, every square metre can be produced Radix Platycodonis 1500g.And the Radix Platycodonis single-strain fresh weight using prior art to obtain is 1.37-
5.54g, total root length 10.6-17.9cm, the thick 0.6-1.4cm of root, the long 3.7-6.4cm of tuber, every square metre of yield is 900g.Can
Seeing, the present invention achieves the most progressive effect.
Use half hydroponic device cultivation and the cultivation contrast display half hydroponic device unit under common condition of pot of the present invention
Area output exceeds 600g than yield per unit area under condition of pot, as shown in Figure 5.
Above example is only limited in order to technical scheme to be described, the ordinary skill of this area
Technical scheme can be modified or equivalent by personnel, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and this
The protection domain of invention should be as the criterion with described in claim.
Claims (3)
1. a root and facility half water planting device of tubers medicinal plants, it is characterised in that include nutrition liquid bath and cultivation
Training groove, is respectively provided with nutritional solution and cultivation matrix in it, cultivation bed is nested in nutrition liquid bath, and nutritional solution is immersed in cultivation bed bottom
In and be provided with the imbibing hole making nutritional solution enter；The bottom of described cultivation bed is inverted trapezoidal, and described imbibing hole is in horizontal multirow
The cellular opening of arrangement, is located on two inclined-planes of described inverted trapezoidal；Nutritional solution is entered cultivation by imbibing hole by nutrition liquid bath
Training groove, and by the upwards water suction suction fertilizer effect of cultivation matrix, nutritional solution is supplied plant absorption；Send out by controlling difference growth
Educate nutrient and the moisture quantity of the supply level control medicinal plants root system acquisition of Stage Nutrition liquid, make water content of substrate locate all the time
In suitably expanding the level that root formed, to promote formation to expand root；Described cultivation matrix is by Vermiculitum, the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite mixing
Becoming, its mass ratio is 1:(1～2): (0.5～1)；The composition of described nutritional solution be respectively as follows: in units of mmol/L (2.5～
3.5)Ca(NO3)2, (0.5～0.9) K2SO4, (0.4～0.6) KH2PO4, (0.08～0.12) KCl, (0.52～0.78)
MgSO4, (0.8x10-3～1.2x10-3)H3BO3, (0.8x10-3～1.2x10-3)MnSO4, (0.8x10-4～1.2x10-4)
CuSO4, (0.8x10-3～1.2x10-3)ZnSO4, (4x10-6～6x10-6)(NH4)6Mo7O24, (0.08～0.12) EDTA-Fe.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described nutrition liquid bath is cuboid；Described cultivation bed upper
Portion is cuboid.
3. use the method that device described in claim 1 carries out root and the facility half water planting cultivation of tubers medicinal plants,
Its step includes:
1) on seedlings nursing plate, cultivate the seedling of medical material plant, be transplanted in cultivation bed after growing 4～6 true leaves；
2) controlling liquid manure content in main root territorial matrix in the course of cultivation, liquid manure one is added by bottom nutrition liquid bath, passes through
The upwards water suction of cultivation matrix is inhaled fertilizer effect and nutritional solution is supplied plant；In the course of cultivation, Seedling Stage ensures Medium Culture moisture
Sufficient；Control moisture consumption vegetative growth phase, increase amount of nutrients, ensure nutritional solution medical material fibrous root part in substrate simultaneously,
Grow downwards with induction medical material main root, increase yield；Medicinal plants Post flowering has additional nutrients the content of potassium element in liquid, to promote
Root swelling.
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| CN104904446A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2015-09-16 | 黄效光 | Water and soil planting method |
| CN104145802B (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-03-23 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of embedded cultivation apparatus without soil of greenhouse vegetable soil ridging and method |
| CN104396607B (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2017-02-15 | 中国农业大学 | Device for researching interaction in or among plant species and application of device |
| CN110249944B (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2022-04-01 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Punching method for rhizome medicinal plant planting pipe |
| CN111919737A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-13 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | Method for promoting root tuber growth of plant factory rhizome medicinal materials |
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| CN101164409A (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2008-04-23 | 楚雄医药高等专科学校 | Floatation seedling method for traditional Chinese medicine |
| CN101189955A (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2008-06-04 | 沈阳秀湖科技发展有限公司 | Method for breeding pachyrhizus tree |
| CN201263345Y (en) * | 2008-08-05 | 2009-07-01 | 傅元韬 | Planting equipment for water culture of sweet potato |
| CN202121986U (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2012-01-25 | 刘秀波 | Soilless cultivation device for Chinese yam |
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| CN101164409A (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2008-04-23 | 楚雄医药高等专科学校 | Floatation seedling method for traditional Chinese medicine |
| CN101189955A (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2008-06-04 | 沈阳秀湖科技发展有限公司 | Method for breeding pachyrhizus tree |
| CN201263345Y (en) * | 2008-08-05 | 2009-07-01 | 傅元韬 | Planting equipment for water culture of sweet potato |
| CN202121986U (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2012-01-25 | 刘秀波 | Soilless cultivation device for Chinese yam |
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