CN110003889A - 一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110003889A CN110003889A CN201910296067.7A CN201910296067A CN110003889A CN 110003889 A CN110003889 A CN 110003889A CN 201910296067 A CN201910296067 A CN 201910296067A CN 110003889 A CN110003889 A CN 110003889A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Natural products CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- -1 aryl tertiary alcohol Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- BSCHIACBONPEOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1CCOC1 BSCHIACBONPEOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006443 Buchwald-Hartwig cross coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- FFNVQNRYTPFDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanopyridine Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=N1 FFNVQNRYTPFDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GRRJLVAHCMYTEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-pyridine-1-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CN1CC=CC=C1 GRRJLVAHCMYTEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GZPHSAQLYPIAIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pyridinecarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CN=C1 GZPHSAQLYPIAIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 claims description 2
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- IPZJQDSFZGZEOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylmethylene Chemical compound C[C]C IPZJQDSFZGZEOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims 2
- LEIMLDGFXIOXMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl cyanide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#N LEIMLDGFXIOXMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 33
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
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- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 17
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 14
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
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- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 10
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 10
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- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 10
- ATTVYRDSOVWELU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-diphenylphosphoryl-2-(2-diphenylphosphorylphenoxy)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ATTVYRDSOVWELU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-[4-[1-[4-(4-methyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]cyclohexyl]phenyl]-n-(4-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C1(CCCCC1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;tin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[In].[Sn] MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CINYXYWQPZSTOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-[3,5-bis(3-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)phenyl]phenyl]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=NC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=NC=CC=2)=C1 CINYXYWQPZSTOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 6
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001251 acridines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- GHDBFGUOBVYEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-bromophenyl)-2,6-diphenylpyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1C1=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 GHDBFGUOBVYEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
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- BATOISXASQUNHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-phenylsulfanylbenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1SC1=CC=CC=C1 BATOISXASQUNHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001062009 Indigofera Species 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenyl aniline Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003844 NSO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000036142 Viral infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur dioxide Inorganic materials O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/20—Spiro-condensed ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D411/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D411/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D411/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/10—Spiro-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料及其制备方法与应用,属于有机光电材料技术领域。本发明的发光材料含三螺环吖啶给体单元,材料结构单一,材料量确定,便于提纯,多次合成再现性好,具有非常高的热稳定性以及形态稳定性。将本发明的基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料应用于有机光电器件中,与双螺环吖啶给体组成的小分子电致发光材料相比,基于三螺环吖啶给体的材料能够获得更高的水平偶极取向、更高的器件效率和更蓝的光色,在更宽的掺杂比例中均获得了更高的器件效率,从而具有更广泛的应用前景,例如可以在非掺杂器件中获得更高的效率,可以应用于纯延迟荧光白光器件等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机光电材料技术领域,具体涉及一种基于三螺环吖啶给体的小分子发光材料及制备与应用。
背景技术
传统的有机小分子荧光材料,由于75%的三线态激子是自旋禁阻的,不能发生辐射发光,因而只有25%的单线态激子能够发光,发光效率较低。相比而言,基于铱、铂等金属配合物的有机磷光材料通过自旋轨道耦合,能够实现100%的内量子效率。但是铱、铂等金属由于资源有限,价格昂贵以及蓝色磷光材料色纯度不高、寿命较短的问题长期不能得到解决,使有机磷光材料的应用受到限制。因而,对有机发光领域的长期发展而言,开发出高效、廉价的发光材料特别是蓝光材料成为一个亟需解决的问题。
高效率的热活化延迟荧光材料在2012年被Adachi教授报道。作为一种能够实现100%内量子效率、低成本、没有毒性的纯有机分子体系,热活化延迟荧光材料在有机电致发光器件中具有非常光明的应用前景。作为一种新型显示和照明技术,有机电致发光器件的外量子效率、电流效率、功率效率等等受到了研究者较多的关注。然而超高效率的热活化延迟荧光材料依然很少,特别是高效的蓝光以及深蓝光材料就更加缺乏。同时,所有取得超高效率的热活化延迟荧光材料均采用了共蒸镀技术,同时适用于掺杂和非掺杂制备工艺的热活化延迟荧光蓝光材料少之又少。为了进一步地提高热活化延迟荧光电致发光器件的效率,热活化延迟荧光分子的水平偶极取向度的问题同样需要引起重视,这是因为发光分子高的水平偶极取向度可以提高光输出耦合常数。因此,近年来研究者也加强了对这方面的研究,比如将分子设计得更加平整,实现更长的分子结构,或者降低器件制备时基底的温度等。
发明内容
为了解决以上现有技术的缺点和不足之处,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料,区别于传统荧光材料25%的最大内量子效率,本发明的发光材料可以实现100%的内量子效率。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料的制备方法。
本发明通过改变三螺环吖啶给体单元非共轭端基的种类或价态,或者同一种三螺环吖啶给体单元引入不同吸电子强度的受体单元来调节材料的分子内电荷转移的特性,从而调节材料的发光波长范围,提高材料的电致发光性能。提供一种简单且可显著提高发光分子水平偶极取向度的方法,并验证水平偶极取向度对有机光电器件效率的促进作用。同时提供一种降低非掺杂条件下抑制浓度淬灭的方法,并验证该方法对提高光致发光条件下的光致发光量子产率和电致发光条件下的外量子效率的有效性。
本发明的又一目的在于提供含上述三螺环吖啶给体的给受体型有机小分子发光材料在有机光电器件中的应用,与双螺环吖啶给体组成的小分子电致发光材料相比,基于三螺环吖啶给体的材料能够获得更高的水平偶极取向、更高的器件效率和更蓝的光色,在更宽的掺杂比例中均获得了更高的器件效率,从而具有更广泛的应用前景,例如可以在非掺杂器件中获得更高的效率,可以应用于纯延迟荧光白光器件等。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案实现。
一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料,所述发光材料的分子结构式如TM1或TM2所示:
其中:X为S、SO2、O、N(Ph)或C(CH3)2等其中的任一种或其他的杂原子,如PO2(Ph)、Si(Ph)2等;Ar为如下1~8式中任一项所示的芳香类基团或者其他常见的受体单元,如均三甲腈、吡啶、1-氰基吡啶、2-氰基吡啶、3-氰基吡啶、吲哚、喹啉、二苯磷酰基等与之形成的小分子电致发光材料。
相应的,所述的发光材料具有如下(1)-(48)中任一项所示的材料结构式:
上述基于三螺环吖啶给体的小分子发光材料的制备方法,所述制备方法是以以下(a)~(f)任一项所示结构式的中间体通过Buchwald-Hartwig偶联卤代芳烃氨基化反应进行制备。
优选的,制备以上所述的三螺环吖啶给体的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)无水无氧低温反应:锂化试剂正丁基锂与溴代芳香烃反应生成芳基锂化试剂,然后与蒽醌反应,生成芳基叔醇,反应试剂为无水四氢呋喃,反应温度控制为-65℃—-78℃;
(2)高温亲核关环反应:将步骤(1)反应生成的芳基叔醇与浓盐酸反应,温度控制在100℃—110℃;
(3)无水无氧低温反应:将锂化试剂正丁基锂与叔丁基-(2-溴苯基)(苯基)氨基甲酸酯形成芳基锂化试剂,然后与蒽-9,10-二酮反应,生成芳基叔醇,反应试剂为无水四氢呋喃,反应温度控制为-65℃—-78℃;
(4)高温亲核关环反应:将步骤(3)反应生成的芳基叔醇与盐酸反应,温度控制为100℃—110℃,合成路线如下所示:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
进一步优选的,步骤(1)、步骤(3)所述反应的时间为4-8小时。
进一步优选的,步骤(2)、步骤(4)所述反应的时间为8-16小时。
进一步优选的,步骤(2)、步骤(4)中所用溶剂为乙酸。
制备以上所述的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料的方法,所述制备方法是以任一个三螺环吖啶给体的中间体通过Buchwald-Hartwig偶联卤代芳烃氨基化反应进行制备。
上述基于三螺环吖啶给体的小分子发光材料在有机光电器件中的应用,所述有机光电器件包括基板、以及依次形成在基板上的阳极层、至少一个发光层单元和阴极层;所述的发光层单元包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、至少一个发光层和电子传输层;所述的发光层中至少含有一种上述基于三螺环吖啶给体的小分子发光材料。
本发明的原理为:三螺环吖啶为给体的给受体型有机小分子发光材料由于其小的单-三线态交换能,可以实现三线态到单线态的反向系间窜越,从而实现对三线态激子的利用,以及100%的器件内量子效率;作为有机光电器件的发光层,并借助长的分子结构提高发光分子在掺杂薄膜或者纯膜中的水平偶极取向比例,从而提高器件的光耦合输出效率;螺式结构非共轭的特点可以增加发光核之间的距离,减小不同掺杂比例对器件性能的影响;通过不同的受体和三螺环吖啶给体,调控分子内电荷转移强度,以及发光材料的光致和电致发光波长;通过三螺环吖啶给体不同的端基单元调控材料的光电性能。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明的发光材料含三螺环吖啶给体单元,材料结构单一,材料量确定,便于提纯,多次合成再现性好,且便于研究结构-性能的关系;
(2)本发明基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料具有非常高的热稳定性以及形态稳定性;
(3)本发明基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料可通过改变受体单元的种类调控该材料的分子内电荷转移态的强度,大幅度地调节材料的发光波长范围;
(4)本发明基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料可通过改变芳香结构上的修饰基团,进一步改善该材料的载流子传输特性以及基于其的光电器件性能;
(5)本发明基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料沿供体-受体方向具有较长的分子结构,并且供体-受体与外围的非共轭单元之间形成的较弱的相互作用,非常有利于提高该系列材料沿水平方向排布的比例,从而有利于提高利用该系列材料制备的有机光电器件的光输出耦合常数,获得远高于传统荧光和一般延迟荧光材料的器件性能;
(6)本发明基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料具有内含非共轭的双螺式单元,这会大大增加相邻两个发光核心之间的距离。根据延迟荧光材料非辐射衰减是由短程的Dexter能量传递方式决定的,微小的发光核心的变化都有可能对材料的光电性能造成大幅度的影响,因此提高该距离可以显著地降低该系列材料在不同的掺杂比例下效率的降低,可在掺杂和非掺杂器件中均获得理想的器件性能;
(7)本发明基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料可以在非掺杂器件中获得优异的性能的特殊优势,可以同时作为蓝光发光层和辅助主体层制备全有机的白光电致发光器件,极大地简化全荧光白光器件的器件结构,以及器件的制备流程,并同时大幅提高器件的效率。
附图说明
图1、图2、图3和图4是实施例7-10基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料(1)-(4)在薄膜状态下的吸收和发射谱图;
图5a、图5b和图6a、图6b是实施例7-10基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料(1)-(4)热重分析和差热分析曲线图;
图7a、图7b和图8a、图8b是实施例7-10基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料(1)-(4)基于p-波强度的角度依赖曲线图;
图9是实施例7、8和9基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料(1)、(2)和(3)的常温瞬态光致发光光谱图;
图10是材料(1)在10、20、30和100wt.%的掺杂浓度下的常温瞬态光致发光光谱图;
图11是实施例7和实施例9中基于三螺环吖啶给体单元小分子发光材料(1)和(3)在稀的甲苯溶液中的光致发光光谱图;
图12是实施例7和实施例8中三螺环吖啶给体单元小分子发光材料(1)和(2)在稀的甲苯溶液中的光致发光光谱图;
图13是实施例7中所涉材料(1)和参比材料SpiroAc-TRZ在稀的甲苯溶液中的光致发光光谱图;
图14-16是实施例7中所涉材料1和参比材料SpiroAc-TRZ的30wt%掺杂器件的电流效率-电压-亮度关系曲线图、外量子效率-亮度曲线和电致发光光谱曲线图;
图17-19是实施例9和10中基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料(3)和(4)的30wt%掺杂器件的电流效率-电压-亮度关系曲线图、外量子效率-亮度曲线和电致发光光谱曲线图;
图20-22是实施例7和8中基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料(1)和(2)的非掺杂器件的电流效率-电压-亮度关系曲线图、外量子效率-亮度曲线和电致发光光谱曲线图;
图23-25是实施例7基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料(1)全荧光白器件的电流效率-电压-亮度关系曲线图、外量子效率-亮度曲线和电致发光光谱曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
本实施例的一种非共轭端基含杂原子硫的三螺环吖啶给体单元(a)的制备:
(1)中间体1-1的制备:
在250mL的三口瓶中加入(2-溴苯基)(苯基)硫烷(5.3g,20mmol)后,加入150mL的干燥四氢呋喃。将混合物溶液冷却到-78℃,然后除气20分钟。后逐滴加入8.8mL的正丁基锂(2.5mmol mL-1),保持-78℃下搅拌1小时,将蒽-9,10-二酮(3.33g,16mmol)溶解在50mL的无水四氢呋喃中,并用注射器逐滴滴加到上述低温溶液中。滴加完毕继续在此温度下继续搅拌1小时,后升温到室温搅拌4小时。然后该混合物溶液利用5mL甲醇和10mL稀盐酸(1mmolmL-1)淬灭,然后加入100毫升去离子水。并用二氯甲烷萃取三次(3x 50mL)。混合溶液依次利用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水磷酸镁干燥,并减压蒸馏获得黄色粉末1-1(3.15g,50%yield).1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.56(dd,J=8.0,1.4Hz,1H),8.17(dd,J=7.8,1.2Hz,2H),7.60–7.48(m,2H),7.48–7.40(m,2H),7.41–7.27(m,2H),7.23–7.17(m,2H),7.14(dd,J=7.7,1.2Hz,1H),6.99–6.94(m,1H),6.93–6.88(m,2H),6.51–6.42(m,2H)。
反应方程式如下:
(2)中间体1-2的制备:
在250mL的三口烧瓶中,将原料1-1(3.15g,8mmol)溶解于150毫升的冰乙酸中,并通氮气20分钟。后将混合物溶液加热到120℃,搅拌30分钟,后加入5毫升的12mol L-1的盐酸。该温度下反应8小时。停止反应,减压蒸馏除掉冰乙酸溶剂。柱层析获得原料深黄色中间体1-2(2.86g,95%).1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.41–8.36(m,2H),7.43(ddd,J=7.9,7.2,1.6Hz,2H),7.39–7.34(m,2H),7.30–7.27(m,4H),7.09–7.04(m,2H),6.82(ddd,J=8.4,7.2,1.4Hz,2H),6.52(dd,J=8.1,1.1Hz,2H).EI-MS(m/z):calcd for C26H16OS molecularweight:376.1;found:376.1,[M+].
反应方程式如下:
(3)中间体1-3的制备:
在250毫升的三口烧瓶中,将叔丁基(2-溴苯基)(苯基)氨基甲酸酯(5.22g,15mmol)溶解在120mL的无水四氢呋喃中。将混合物冷却到-78℃,通氮气20分钟后逐滴加入正丁基锂(6.6mL,2.5mol mL-1)。此温度下搅拌1小时。将中间体1-2(3g,8mmol)溶解在干燥四氢呋喃(50mL)中,并用注射器逐滴加入到低温混合溶液中。完毕后继续搅拌1小时。然后逐渐升温到室温,继续搅拌4小时。然后该混合物溶液利用5mL甲醇和10mL稀12mol L-1的盐酸(1mmol mL-1)淬灭,然后加入100毫升去离子水。并用二氯甲烷萃取三次(3x50mL)。混合溶液依次利用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水磷酸镁干燥,并减压蒸馏获得卡其色粉末柱层析(石油醚/二氯甲烷)(1:1)获得黄色中间体10-(2-(苯胺基)苯基)-10氢-螺[蒽-9,9'-硫杂蒽]-10-环(1-3)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.67–7.61(m,2H),7.54(dd,J=10.3,3.5Hz,3H),7.46(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),7.34–7.30(m,1H),7.28(m,2H),7.24(s,1H),7.23–7.15(m,6H),7.10(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.07–6.88(m,5H),6.65(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.55(d,J=8.3Hz,1H).
反应方程式如下:
(4)中间体(a)的制备:
中间体1-3(2.29g,4.2mmol)溶解于150毫升的冰乙酸中,并通氮气20分钟。后将混合物溶液加热到120℃,搅拌30分钟,后加入5毫升的12mol L-1的盐酸。该温度下反应8小时。停止反应,减压蒸馏除掉冰乙酸溶剂柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(3:1)获得浅黄色固体(a)(2.08g,94%).1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.40–7.33(m,6H),7.14–7.09(m,4H),7.00–6.88(m,10H),6.75(t,J=13.4Hz,4H).EI-MS(m/z):calcd for C38H25NS molecular weight:527.2;found:527.5,[M+].
反应方程式如下:
实施例2
本实施例的一种非共轭端基含芴单元的三螺环吖啶给体单元(b)的制备:
(1)中间体2-1的制备:
在250mL的三口瓶中加入2-溴-1,1'-联苯(4.7g,20mmol)后,加入150mL的干燥四氢呋喃。将混合物溶液冷却到-78℃,然后除气20分钟。后逐滴加入8.8mL的正丁基锂(2.5mmol mL-1),保持-78℃下搅拌1小时,将蒽-9,10-二酮(3.33g,16mmol)溶解在50mL的无水四氢呋喃中,并用注射器逐滴滴加到上述低温溶液中。滴加完毕继续在此温度下继续搅拌1小时,后升温到室温搅拌4小时。然后该混合物溶液利用5mL甲醇和10mL稀盐酸(1mmolmL-1)淬灭,然后加入100毫升去离子水。并用二氯甲烷萃取三次(3x50mL)。混合溶液依次利用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水磷酸镁干燥,并减压蒸馏获得黄色粉末10-(1,1'-联苯基)-10-羟基蒽-9(10氢)(2-1)(3.25g,56%yield).1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.60(dd,J=8.0,0.8Hz,1H),7.94–7.83(m,2H),7.59(td,J=7.9,1.3Hz,1H),7.54–7.44(m,2H),7.40–7.28(m,4H),7.16–7.08(m,1H),7.00–6.79(m,3H),6.60(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),5.74(d,J=7.0Hz,2H)。
反应方程式如下:
(2)中间体2-2的制备:
在250的三口烧瓶中,将原料2-1(3.00g,8.3mmol)溶解于150毫升的冰乙酸中,并通氮气20分钟。后将混合物溶液加热到120℃,搅拌30分钟,后加入5毫升的12mol L-1的盐酸。该温度下反应8小时。停止反应,减压蒸馏除掉冰乙酸溶剂。柱层析获得原料深黄色中间体(2-2)(2.72g,95%).1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.42(dd,J=7.9,1.2Hz,2H),8.09(t,J=6.3Hz,1H),7.91(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.39(dd,J=7.5,0.9Hz,3H),7.17(td,J=7.5,1.1Hz,2H),6.90–6.86(m,2H),6.56(dd,J=8.0,0.7Hz,2H),6.41–6.37(m,1H).EI-MS(m/z):calcd for C26H16O molecular weight:344.1;found:344.4,[M+].
反应方程式如下:
(3)中间体2-3的制备:
在250毫升的三口烧瓶中,将叔丁基(2-溴苯基)(苯基)氨基甲酸酯(5.22g,15mmol)溶解在120mL的无水四氢呋喃中。将混合物冷却到-78℃,通氮气20分钟后逐滴加入正丁基锂(6.6mL,2.5mol mL-1)。此温度下搅拌1小时。将中间体2-2(2.76g 8mmol)溶解在干燥四氢呋喃(50mL)中,并用注射器逐滴加入到低温混合溶液中。完毕后继续搅拌1小时。然后逐渐升温到室温,继续搅拌4小时。然后该混合物溶液利用5mL甲醇和10mL稀盐酸(1mmolmL-1)淬灭,然后加入100毫升去离子水。并用二氯甲烷萃取三次(3x50mL)。混合溶液依次利用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水磷酸镁干燥,并减压蒸馏获得卡其色粉末柱层析(石油醚/二氯甲烷)(1:1)获得黄色中间体10-(2-(phenylamino)phenyl)-10H-spiro[anthracene-9,9'-fluoren]-10-ol(2-3)as yellow power(2.26g,55%).1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.91(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.64(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.58–7.52(m,3H),7.50–7.44(m,3H),7.40(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.33(td,J=7.5,1.0Hz,1H),7.28(dt,J=3.9,2.0Hz,1H),7.23–7.15(m,4H),7.06–7.00(m,4H),6.95(dd,J=7.7,1.4Hz,1H),6.54(dt,J=9.9,4.9Hz,1H),6.50(dd,J=8.1,1.0Hz,2H).
反应方程式如下:
(4)中间体(b)的制备:
中间体2-3(2.16g,4.2mmol)溶解于150毫升的冰乙酸中,并通氮气20分钟。后将混合物溶液加热到120℃,搅拌30分钟,后加入5毫升的12mol L-1的盐酸。该温度下反应8小时。停止反应,减压蒸馏除掉冰乙酸溶剂柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(2:1)获得浅黄色固体1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.89(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.41(dd,J=7.6,6.7Hz,2H),7.29(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.25–7.21(m,4H),7.13–7.08(m,2H),7.02(dd,J=7.9,1.3Hz,2H),6.95(ddd,J=8.2,7.0,1.4Hz,2H),6.87(dd,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.83–6.74(m,4H),6.35(d,J=8.1Hz,2H).EI-MS(m/z):calcd for C38H25N molecular weight:495.6;found:495.6,[M+].
反应方程式如下:
实施例3
本实施例的一种端基含非共轭硫砜基团的三螺环吖啶给体单元(c)的制备:
反应方程式如下:
中间体(a)(1.05g,2mmol)溶解于150毫升的冰乙酸中,并通氮气20分钟。后将混合物溶液加热到80℃,搅拌10分钟,后加入5毫升的双氧水。该温度下反应8小时。停止反应,减压蒸馏除掉冰乙酸溶剂柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(2:1)获得浅黄色固体EI-MS(m/z):calcdfor C38H25NSO2;Molecular weight:559.16;found:559.32,[M+].
实施例4
本实施例的一种端基含氧元素的三螺环吖啶给体单元(d)的制备:
(1)中间体4-1的制备:
在250mL的三口瓶中加入1-溴-2-苯氧基苯(4.96g,20mmol)后,加入150mL的干燥四氢呋喃。将混合物溶液冷却到-78℃,然后除气20分钟。后逐滴加入8.8mL的正丁基锂(2.5mmol mL-1),保持-78℃下搅拌1小时,将蒽-9,10-二酮(3.33g,16mmol)溶解在50mL的无水四氢呋喃中,并用注射器逐滴滴加到上述低温溶液中。滴加完毕继续在此温度下继续搅拌1小时,后升温到室温搅拌4小时。然后该混合物溶液利用5mL甲醇和10mL稀盐酸(1mmolmL-1)淬灭,然后加入100毫升去离子水。并用二氯甲烷萃取三次(3x50mL)。混合溶液依次利用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水磷酸镁干燥,并减压蒸馏获得黄色粉末10-hydroxy-10-(2-phenoxyphenyl)anthracen-9(10H)-one(4-1)(4.54g,60%yield).1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.56(dd,J=8.0,1.4Hz,1H),8.17(dd,J=7.8,1.2Hz,2H),7.60–7.48(m,2H),7.48–7.40(m,2H),7.41–7.27(m,2H),7.23–7.17(m,2H),7.14(dd,J=7.7,1.2Hz,1H),6.99–6.94(m,1H),6.93–6.88(m,2H),6.51–6.42(m,2H)。
反应方程式如下:
(2)中间体4-2的制备:
在250的三口烧瓶中,将原料4-1(3.02g,8mmol)溶解于150毫升的冰乙酸中,并通氮气20分钟。后将混合物溶液加热到120℃,搅拌30分钟,后加入5毫升的12mol L-1盐酸。该温度下反应8小时。停止反应,减压蒸馏除掉冰乙酸溶剂。柱层析获得原料深黄色中间体4-2(2.59g,90%).1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.41–8.36(m,2H),7.43(ddd,J=7.9,7.2,1.6Hz,2H),7.39–7.34(m,2H),7.30–7.27(m,4H),7.09–7.04(m,2H),6.82(ddd,J=8.4,7.2,1.4Hz,2H),6.52(dd,J=8.1,1.1Hz,2H).EI-MS(m/z):calcd for C26H16O2molecularweight:360.41;found:360.50,[M+].
反应方程式如下:
(3)中间体4-3的制备:
在250毫升的三口烧瓶中,将叔丁基(2-溴苯基)(苯基)氨基甲酸酯(5.22g,15mmol)溶解在120mL的无水四氢呋喃中。将混合物冷却到-78℃,通氮气20分钟后逐滴加入正丁基锂(6.6mL,2.5mol mL-1)。此温度下搅拌1小时。将中间体4-2(2.88g,8mmol)溶解在干燥四氢呋喃(50mL)中,并用注射器逐滴加入到低温混合溶液中。完毕后继续搅拌1小时。然后逐渐升温到室温,继续搅拌4小时。然后该混合物溶液利用5mL甲醇和10mL稀盐酸(1mmolmL-1)淬灭,然后加入100毫升去离子水。并用二氯甲烷萃取三次(3x50mL)。混合溶液依次利用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水磷酸镁干燥,并减压蒸馏获得卡其色粉末柱层析(石油醚/二氯甲烷)(1:1)获得黄色中间体(4-3)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.67–7.61(m,2H),7.54(dd,J=10.3,3.5Hz,3H),7.46(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),7.34–7.30(m,1H),7.28(m,2H),7.24(s,1H),7.23–7.15(m,6H),7.10(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.07–6.88(m,5H),6.65(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.55(d,J=8.3Hz,1H).
反应方程式如下:
(4)中间体(d)的制备:
中间体4-3(212g,4mmol)溶解于150毫升的冰乙酸中,并通氮气20分钟。后将混合物溶液加热到120℃,搅拌30分钟,后加入5毫升的12mol L-1的盐酸。该温度下反应8小时。停止反应,减压蒸馏除掉冰乙酸溶剂柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(3:1)获得浅黄色固体(d)(1.98g,96.8%).1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.40–7.33(m,6H),7.14–7.09(m,4H),7.00–6.88(m,10H),6.75(t,J=13.4Hz,4H).EI-MS(m/z):calcd for C38H25NS molecular weight:511.6;found:511.6,[M+].
反应方程式如下:
实施例5
本实施例的一种基于端基含二甲基亚甲基的三螺环吖啶给体单元(e)的制备:
(1)中间体5-1的制备:
在250mL的三口瓶中加入1-溴-2-(2-苯基丙基丁酯)苯(5.5g,20mmol)后,加入150mL的干燥四氢呋喃。将混合物溶液冷却到-78℃,然后除气20分钟。后逐滴加入8.8mL的正丁基锂(2.5mmol mL-1),保持-78℃下搅拌1小时,将蒽-9,10-二酮(3.33g,16mmol)溶解在50mL的无水四氢呋喃中,并用注射器逐滴滴加到上述低温溶液中。滴加完毕继续在此温度下继续搅拌1小时,后升温到室温搅拌4小时。然后该混合物溶液利用5mL甲醇和10mL稀盐酸(1mmol mL-1)淬灭,然后加入100毫升去离子水。并用二氯甲烷萃取三次(3x50mL)。混合溶液依次利用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水磷酸镁干燥,并减压蒸馏获得黄色粉末(5-1)(4.69g,58%yield).EI-MS(m/z):calcd for C29H24O2molecular weight:404.51;found:404.45,[M+].
反应方程式如下:
(2)中间体5-2的制备:
在250的三口烧瓶中,将原料5-1(3.24g,8mmol)溶解于150毫升的冰乙酸中,并通氮气20分钟。后将混合物溶液加热到120℃,搅拌30分钟,后加入5毫升12mol L-1的盐酸。该温度下反应8小时。停止反应,减压蒸馏除掉冰乙酸溶剂。柱层析获得原料深黄色中间体5-2(2.78g,90%).EI-MS(m/z):calcd for C29H22O molecular weight:386.17;found:386.20,[M+].
反应方程式如下:
(3)中间体5-3的制备:
在250毫升的三口烧瓶中,将叔丁基(2-溴苯基)(苯基)氨基甲酸酯(5.22g,15mmol)溶解在120mL的无水四氢呋喃中。将混合物冷却到-78℃,通氮气20分钟后逐滴加入正丁基锂(6.6mL,2.5mol mL-1)。此温度下搅拌1小时。将中间体5-2(2.29g,6mmol)溶解在干燥四氢呋喃(50mL)中,并用注射器逐滴加入到低温混合溶液中。完毕后继续搅拌1小时。然后逐渐升温到室温,继续搅拌4小时。然后该混合物溶液利用5mL甲醇和10mL稀盐酸(1mmolmL-1)淬灭,然后加入100毫升去离子水。并用二氯甲烷萃取三次(3x50mL)。混合溶液依次利用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水磷酸镁干燥,并减压蒸馏获得卡其色粉末柱层析(石油醚/二氯甲烷)(1:1)获得黄色中间体(5-3)。EI-MS(m/z):calcd for C29H22O molecular weight:386.17;found:386.20,[M+].
反应方程式如下:
(4)中间体(d)的制备:
中间体5-3(1.54g,4mmol)溶解于150毫升的冰乙酸中,并通氮气20分钟。后将混合物溶液加热到120℃,搅拌30分钟,后加入5毫升12mol L-1的盐酸。该温度下反应8小时。停止反应,减压蒸馏除掉冰乙酸溶剂柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(3:1)获得浅黄色固体(e)。EI-MS(m/z):calcd for C41H31N molecular weight:537.25;found:537.31,[M+].
反应方程式如下:
实施例6
本实施例的一种端基含N-苯基的三螺环吖啶给体单元(f)的制备:
中间体6-1的制备:
在250mL的三口瓶中加入2-溴-N,N-二苯基胺(6.48g,20mmol)后,加入150mL的干燥四氢呋喃。将混合物溶液冷却到-78℃,然后除气20分钟。后逐滴加入8.8mL的正丁基锂(2.5mmol mL-1),保持-78℃下搅拌1小时,将蒽-9,10-二酮(3.33g,16mmol)溶解在50mL的无水四氢呋喃中,并用注射器逐滴滴加到上述低温溶液中。滴加完毕继续在此温度下继续搅拌1小时,后升温到室温搅拌4小时。然后该混合物溶液利用5mL甲醇和10mL稀盐酸(1mmolmL-1)淬灭,然后加入100毫升去离子水。并用二氯甲烷萃取三次(3x50mL)。混合溶液依次利用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水磷酸镁干燥,并减压蒸馏获得黄色粉末(6-1)(5.44g,60%yield).EI-MS(m/z):calcd for C32H23NO2molecular weight:453.5;found:453.5,[M+].
反应方程式如下:
(2)中间体6-2的制备:在250的三口烧瓶中,将原料6-1(4.53g,10mmol)溶解于150毫升的冰乙酸中,并通氮气20分钟。后将混合物溶液加热到120℃,搅拌30分钟,后加入5毫升12mol L-1的盐酸。该温度下反应8小时。停止反应,减压蒸馏除掉冰乙酸溶剂。柱层析获得原料深黄色中间体6-2(4.13g,95%).EI-MS(m/z):calcd fo C32H21NO;molecular weight:435.5;found:435.4,[M+].
反应方程式如下:
(3)中间体6-3的制备:
在250毫升的三口烧瓶中,将叔丁基(2-溴苯基)(苯基)氨基甲酸酯(5.22g,15mmol)溶解在120mL的无水四氢呋喃中。将混合物冷却到-78℃,通氮气20分钟后逐滴加入正丁基锂(6.6mL,2.5mol mL-1)。此温度下搅拌1小时。将中间体1-2(3.48g,8mmol)溶解在干燥四氢呋喃(50mL)中,并用注射器逐滴加入到低温混合溶液中。完毕后继续搅拌1小时。然后逐渐升温到室温,继续搅拌4小时。然后该混合物溶液利用5mL甲醇和10mL稀盐酸(1mmolmL-1)淬灭,然后加入100毫升去离子水。并用二氯甲烷萃取三次(3x50mL)。混合溶液依次利用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水磷酸镁干燥,并减压蒸馏获得卡其色粉末柱层析(石油醚/二氯甲烷)(1:1)获得黄色中间体6-3(1.45g,30%).EI-MS(m/z):calcd fo C44H32N2O;molecularweight:604.3;found:604.2,[M+].
反应方程式如下:
(4)中间体(f)的制备:
中间体6-3(1.4g,2.3mmol)溶解于150毫升的冰乙酸中,并通氮气20分钟。后将混合物溶液加热到120℃,搅拌30分钟,后加入5毫升12mol L-1的盐酸。该温度下反应8小时。停止反应,减压蒸馏除掉冰乙酸溶剂柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(3:1)获得浅黄色固体(f)(1.26g,94%).EI-MS(m/z):calcd for C44H30N2molecular weight:586.2;found:586.4,[M+].
反应方程式如下:
实施例7
本实施例的一种三螺环吖啶给体单元(a)的小分子发光材料(1)的制备:
(1)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(a)(0.792g,1.5mmol)与TRZ-Br(0.700g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg 0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(1)(876mg,70%yield)。图(1)是分子(1)在薄膜中的紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.15(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),8.90–8.81(m,4H),7.78(dd,J=8.5,2.3Hz,2H),7.71–7.60(m,6H),7.57(dd,J=8.0,1.2Hz,1H),7.52–7.47(m,1H),7.42(ddd,J=16.2,10.8,4.4Hz,4H),7.29(s,1H),7.18–7.06(m,4H),7.06–6.94(m,7H),6.90–6.82(m,2H),6.75(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),6.53(dd,J=13.4,8.1Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ171.96,162.27,150.84,149.51,147.07,144.37,142.68,141.76,139.81,136.07,134.96,132.79,131.94,131.62,131.21,130.84,129.07,128.78,127.49,127.21,126.99,126.50,125.95,125.60,120.96,120.88,120.25,114.70,51.96,48.99.MALDI-TOF:calc:834.2817;found:834.2103.
实施例8
本实施例的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元(b)的小分子发光材料(2)的制备:
(2)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
合成方法如实施例7,在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(b)(0.743g,1.5mmol)与TRZ-Br(0.700g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg 0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(2)(963mg,80%yield)。图(2)是分子(2)在薄膜中的紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.15(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),8.86(dd,J=8.0,1.6Hz,4H),7.92(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.78(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.69–7.57(m,6H),7.55–7.47(m,2H),7.43(ddd,J=11.7,7.0,4.1Hz,2H),7.30–7.27(m,4H),7.15(dd,J=7.8,1.4Hz,2H),7.10–7.03(m,2H),7.01–6.93(m,2H),6.88–6.77(m,4H),6.51(dd,J=8.3,0.9Hz,2H),6.40(dd,J=8.0,1.1Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ171.96,157.81,145.01,140.53,139.48,136.08,134.48,132.77,132.05,131.97,131.93,131.75,131.31,129.07,128.81,128.77,128.59,128.11,127.55,127.39,126.81,126.44,125.46,124.20,120.96,120.04,114.64,58.08,48.74.MALDI-TOF:calc:802.9810;found:802.9838.
实施例9
本实施例的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元(a)的小分子发光材料(3)的制备:
(3)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
合成方法如实施例7,在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(a)(0.792g,1.5mmol)与4-(4-溴苯基)-2,6-二苯基嘧啶(0.697g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg 0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(3)(963mg,80%yield)。图(3)是分子(3)在薄膜中的紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.15(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),9.01(s,1H),8.80–8.79(m,4H),7.78(dd,J=8.5,2.3Hz,2H),7.71–7.60(m,6H),7.57(dd,J=8.0,1.2Hz,1H),7.52–7.47(m,1H),7.42(ddd,J=16.2,10.8,4.4Hz,4H),7.29(s,1H),7.18–7.06(m,4H),7.06–6.94(m,7H),6.90–6.82(m,2H),6.75(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),6.53(dd,J=13.4,8.1Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ171.96,162.27,150.84,149.51,147.07,144.37,142.68,141.76,139.81,136.07,134.96,132.79,131.94,131.62,131.21,130.84,129.07,128.78,127.49,127.21,126.99,126.50,125.95,125.60,122.16,120.96,120.88,120.25,114.70,51.96,48.99.MALDI-TOF:calc:833.2865;found:833.2851.
实施例10
本实施例的一种三螺环吖啶给体单元(b)的小分子发光材料(4)的制备:
(4)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
合成方法如实施例7,在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(b)(0.743g,1.5mmol)与4-(4-溴苯基)-2,6-二苯基嘧啶(0.697g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg 0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(4)(913mg,76%yield)。图(4)是分子(4)在薄膜中的紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.15(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),9.03(s,1H),8.86(dd,J=8.0,1.6Hz,4H),7.92(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.78(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.69–7.57(m,6H),7.55–7.47(m,2H),7.43(ddd,J=11.7,7.0,4.1Hz,2H),7.30–7.27(m,4H),7.15(dd,J=7.8,1.4Hz,2H),7.10–7.03(m,2H),7.01–6.93(m,2H),6.88–6.77(m,4H),6.51(dd,J=8.3,0.9Hz,2H),6.40(dd,J=8.0,1.1Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ171.96,166.32 157.81,145.01,140.53,139.48,136.08,134.48,132.77,132.05,131.97,131.93,131.75,131.31,129.07,128.81,128.77,128.59,128.11,127.55,127.39,126.81,126.44,125.46,124.20,120.96,120.04,114.64,58.08,48.74.MALDI-TOF:calc:801.3144;found:801.3134.
实施例7-10基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料(1)-(4)在薄膜状态下的吸收和发射谱图如图1、图2、图3和图4所示。
实施例11
本实施例的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元(a)的小分子发光材料(5)的制备:
(5)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
合成方法如实施例7,在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(a)(0.792g,1.5mmol)与3-溴诺西酮10,10-二氧化物(0.560g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(5)(920mg,81%yield)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.46(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.74(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.69–7.61(m,2H),7.55–7.42(m,6H),7.39(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.14(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.07(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.04–6.95(m,6H),6.90(dd,J=21.2,7.8Hz,4H),6.77(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),6.42(d,J=8.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ153.80,151.49,146.80,142.66,142.43,142.35,139.15,134.54,133.16,131.94,131.90,130.71,130.41,128.96,128.24,127.50,127.30,127.12,126.60,126.55,125.96,125.67,125.43,125.18,125.05,123.61,122.22,121.50,119.08,114.49,51.95,48.88.MALDI-TOF:calc:757.9220;found:757.1085.
实施例12
本实施例的一种三螺环吖啶给体单元(b)的小分子发光材料(6)的制备:
(6)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
合成方法如实施例7,在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(b)(0.743g,1.5mmol)与3-溴诺西酮10,10-二氧化物(0.560g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(6)(837mg,77%yield)。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.46(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.91(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.73(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.69–7.60(m,2H),7.51(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.45–7.41(m,2H),7.38(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=5.2Hz,4H),7.15(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.01(dt,J=15.4,7.5Hz,4H),6.84(dt,J=15.0,7.3Hz,4H),6.40(dd,J=8.0,4.7Hz,4H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ157.70,153.83,151.50,146.90,144.73,140.53,138.80,134.58,134.53,132.27,131.84,131.35,128.59,128.40,128.22,127.61,127.39,126.94,126.57,126.54,125.39,125.15,125.05,123.60,122.33,121.57,120.08,119.07,114.42,58.04,48.62.MALDI-TOF:calc:725.2025;found:725.1335.
实施例13
本实施例的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元(a)小分子发光材料(7)的制备:
(7)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
合成方法如实施例7,在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(a)(0.792g,1.5mmol)与2-溴-9H-噻吨酮-10,10-二氧化物(0.560g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg 0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(7)(900mg,78%yield)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.46(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.74(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.79–7.81(m,2H),7.55–7.42(m,6H),7.49(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.14(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.07(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.04–6.95(m,6H),6.90(dd,J=21.2,7.8Hz,4H),6.77(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),6.42(d,J=8.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ153.80,151.49,146.80,142.66,142.43,142.35,139.15,134.54,133.16,131.94,131.90,130.71,130.41,128.96,128.24,127.50,127.30,127.12,126.60,126.55,125.96,125.67,125.43,125.18,125.05,123.61,122.22,121.50,119.08,114.49,51.95,48.88.MALDI-TOF:calc:769.1745;found:769.1760.
实施例14
本实施例的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元(b)的小分子发光材料(8)的制备:
(8)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
合成方法如实施例7,在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(b)(0.743g,1.5mmol)与2-溴-9H-噻吨酮-10,10-二氧化物(0.560g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg 0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(8)(829mg,75%yield)。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.46(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.91(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.73(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.39–7.30(m,2H),7.51(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.35–7.31(m,2H),7.38(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=5.2Hz,4H),7.15(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.01(dt,J=15.4,7.5Hz,4H),6.84(dt,J=15.0,7.3Hz,4H),6.40(dd,J=8.0,4.7Hz,4H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ167.70,153.83,151.50,146.90,144.73,140.53,138.80,134.58,134.53,132.27,131.84,131.35,128.59,128.40,128.22,127.61,127.39,126.94,126.57,126.54,125.39,125.15,125.05,123.60,122.33,121.57,120.08,119.07,114.42,58.04,48.62.MALDI-TOF:calc:737.2025;found:737.2041.
实施例15
本实施例的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元(a)的小分子发光材料(9)的制备:
(9)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
合成方法如实施例7,在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(a)(0.792g,1.5mmol)与2-溴噻蒽-5,5,10,10-四氧化物(0.647g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg 0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(9)(942mg,78%yield)。EI-MS(m/z):calcdfor C50H31NO4S3molecular weight:805.1;found:805.1,[M+].
实施例16
本实施例的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元(b)的小分子发光材料(10)的制备:
(10)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
合成方法如实施例7,在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(b)(0.743g,1.5mmol)与2-溴噻蒽-5,5,10,10-四氧化物(0.647g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg 0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(10)(870mg,75%yield)。EI-MS(m/z):calcdfor C50H31NO4S2molecular weight:773.2;found:773.2,[M+].Elemental Analysis:C,77.60;H,4.04;N,1.81;O,8.27;S,8.29.Found:C,77.50;H,4.14;N,1.80;O,8.28;S,8.29.
实施例17
本实施例的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元(a)的小分子发光材料(11)的制备:
(11)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
合成方法如实施例7,在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(a)(0.792g,1.5mmol)与2-溴间苯二甲腈(0.373g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg 0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(11)(637mg,65%yield)。EI-MS(m/z):calcd for C46H27N3Smolecular weight:653.2;found:653.2,[M+].Elemental Analysis:C,84.51;H,4.16;N,6.43;S,4.90;Found:C,84.41;H,4.15;N,6.49;S,4.99.
实施例18
本实施例的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元(b)的小分子发光材料(12)的制备:
(12)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
合成方法如实施例7,在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(b)(0.743g,1.5mmol)与2-溴间苯二甲腈(0.373g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg 0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(12)(637mg,60%yield)。EI-MS(m/z):calcd forC46H27N3molecular weight:621.2;found:621.2,[M+].Elemental Analysis:C,88.86;H,4.38;N,6.76;Found:C,88.80;H,4.40;N,6.80.
实施例19
本实施例的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元(d)的小分子发光材料(14)的制备:
(14)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(d)(0.767g,1.5mmol)与TRZ-Br(0.700g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg 0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(14)(876mg,70%yield).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.15(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),8.90–8.81(m,4H),7.78(dd,J=8.5,2.3Hz,2H),7.71–7.60(m,6H),7.57(dd,J=8.0,1.2Hz,1H),7.52–7.47(m,1H),7.42(ddd,J=16.2,10.8,4.4Hz,4H),7.29(s,1H),7.18–7.06(m,4H),7.06–6.94(m,7H),6.90–6.82(m,2H),6.75(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),6.53(dd,J=13.4,8.1Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ171.96,162.27,150.84,149.51,147.07,144.37,142.68,141.76,139.81,136.07,134.96,132.79,131.94,131.62,131.21,130.84,129.07,128.78,127.49,127.21,126.99,126.50,125.95,125.60,120.96,120.88,120.25,114.70,51.96,48.99.MALDI-TOF:calc:818.3046;found:818.3035.
实施例20
本实施例的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元(d)的小分子发光材料(15)的制备:
(15)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(c)(0.839g,1.5mmol)与TRZ-Br(0.700g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg 0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(15)(845mg,65%yield).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.15(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),8.90–8.81(m,4H),7.78(dd,J=8.5,2.3Hz,2H),7.71–7.60(m,6H),7.57(dd,J=8.0,1.2Hz,1H),7.52–7.47(m,1H),7.42(ddd,J=16.2,10.8,4.4Hz,4H),7.29(s,1H),7.18–7.06(m,4H),7.06–6.94(m,7H),6.90–6.82(m,2H),6.75(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),6.53(dd,J=13.4,8.1Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ171.96,162.27,150.84,149.51,147.07,144.37,142.68,141.76,139.81,136.07,134.96,132.79,131.94,131.62,131.21,130.84,129.07,128.78,127.49,127.21,126.99,126.50,125.95,125.60,120.96,120.88,120.25,114.70,51.96,48.99.MALDI-TOF:calc:866.2715;found:866.2716.
实施例21
实施例的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元(d)的小分子发光材料(16)的制备:
(3)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
合成方法如实施例7,在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(d)(0.767g,1.5mmol)与4-(4-溴苯基)-2,6-二苯基嘧啶(0.697g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg 0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(16)(846mg,69%yield).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.15(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),9.01(s,1H),8.80–8.79(m,4H),7.78(dd,J=8.5,2.3Hz,2H),7.71–7.60(m,6H),7.57(dd,J=8.0,1.2Hz,1H),7.52–7.47(m,1H),7.42(ddd,J=16.2,10.8,4.4Hz,4H),7.29(s,1H),7.18–7.06(m,4H),7.06–6.94(m,7H),6.90–6.82(m,2H),6.75(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),6.53(dd,J=13.4,8.1Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ171.96,162.27,150.84,149.51,147.07,144.37,142.68,141.76,139.81,136.07,134.96,132.79,131.94,131.62,131.21,130.84,129.07,128.78,127.49,127.21,126.99,126.50,125.95,125.60,122.16,120.96,120.88,120.25,114.70,51.96,48.99.MALDI-TOF:calc:817.3093;found:817.3088.
实施例22
本实施例的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元(c)的小分子发光材料(17)的制备:
(17)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
合成方法如实施例7,在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(c)(0.839g,1.5mmol)与3-溴诺西酮10,10-二氧化物(0.560g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(17)(959mg,81%yield)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.46(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.74(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.69–7.61(m,2H),7.55–7.42(m,6H),7.39(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.14(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.07(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.04–6.95(m,6H),6.90(dd,J=21.2,7.8Hz,4H),6.77(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),6.42(d,J=8.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ153.80,151.49,146.80,142.66,142.43,142.35,139.15,134.54,133.16,131.94,131.90,130.71,130.41,128.96,128.24,127.50,127.30,127.12,126.60,126.55,125.96,125.67,125.43,125.18,125.05,123.61,122.22,121.50,119.08,114.49,51.95,48.88.MALDI-TOF:calc:789.1644;found:789.1632.
实施例23
本实施例的一种基于基三螺环吖啶给体单元(d)的小分子发光材料(18)的制备:
(18)的合成,其结构式和合成路线如下式所示:
合成方法如实施例7,在150毫升的三口烧瓶中,加入中间体(d)(0.767g,1.5mmol)与3-溴诺西酮10,10-二氧化物(0.560g,1.8mmol),然后通氮气10分钟,加入醋酸钯(17mg0.075mmol)和叔丁醇钠(720mg,7.5mmol),干燥甲苯(100mL)。通氮气30分钟后,加入特丁基膦(0.15mL,0.15mmol)。混合物加热到110℃,在此温度下反应8小时。待冷却到室温,加压过滤。剩余物用二氯甲烷洗涤3次(3x50mL),合并滤液。加压除去溶剂。柱层析石油醚/二氯甲烷(4:1),梯次升华,获得黄色粉末状(18)(767mg,69%yield)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.46(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.74(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.69–7.61(m,2H),7.55–7.42(m,6H),7.39(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.14(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.07(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.04–6.95(m,6H),6.90(dd,J=21.2,7.8Hz,4H),6.77(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),6.42(d,J=8.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ153.80,151.49,146.80,142.66,142.43,142.35,139.15,134.54,133.16,131.94,131.90,130.71,130.41,128.96,128.24,127.50,127.30,127.12,126.60,126.55,125.96,125.67,125.43,125.18,125.05,123.61,122.22,121.50,119.08,114.49,51.95,48.88.MALDI-TOF:calc:741.1974;found:741.1966.
实施例23
本实施例在于验证以三螺式受体(a)和(b)组成的材料的(1)和(2)的材料的热稳定性和形态稳定性特征并见图5a、图5b。
根据热重分析(TGA)的结果可得知它们的分解温度(Td)分别为478.7和478.2℃。如此高的热稳定性质保证了两个材料可应用于制备正空蒸镀器件;两个材料均没有检测到玻璃化转化温度,说明这些材料的无定态型态特性。
实施例24
本实施例在于验证基于三螺式受体(a)和(b)组成的材料的(3)和(4)的材料的热稳定性和形态稳定性特征,见图6a、图6b。
根据热重分析(TGA)的结果可得知它们的分解温度(Td)分别为476.4和466.4℃。如此高的热稳定性质保证了两个材料可应用于制备真空蒸镀器件;两个材料均没有检测到玻璃化转化温度,说明这些材料的无定态型态特性。
实施例25
本实施例在于验证以三螺式吖啶基团(a)和(b),通过提高材料的长度可以提高材料在水平方向的排布率(即水平取向值),见图7a、图7b。
由图7a、图7b可以看到材料(1)和(2)的水平偶极取向值分别达到了惊人的90和88%,远大于基于双螺环吖啶材料SpiroAc-TRZ的83%水平偶极取向度,这充分证明了本发明利用三螺式吖啶供体的策略可以显著提高材料的分子水平偶极排布率。
实施例26
本实施例在于验证以三螺式吖啶基团(a)和(b),通过提高材料的长度可以提高材料在水平方向的排布率(即水平偶极取向值),见图8a、图8b。
由图8a、图8b可以看到材料(3)和(4)的水平偶极取向值分别达到了83%和81%,这证明了利用三螺式吖啶供体的策略可以显著提高材料的分子水平偶极排布率。
实施例27
本实施例在于验证基于三螺环吖啶基团(a)和(b)的材料(1)、(2)和(3)的延迟荧光特性;
由图9可以看出,材料(1)、(2)和(3)均是二次衰减的瞬态曲线,所有动力学常数总结与表1:
表1
由表1可以看出,材料(1)、(2)和(3)均有一个纳秒的短寿命和一个微米的长寿命,证明材料(1)、(2)和(3)均是典型的延迟荧光材料。
实施例28
本实施例在于验证基于三螺环吖啶单元(a)的材料(1)在降低浓度淬灭方面的有效性。测试了不同的掺杂浓度下的光致发光量子产率以及瞬态光谱。瞬态光谱如图10所示,表2是材料(1)在不同掺杂浓度下的光致发光量子产率以及动力学常数。
表2
由表2可以看出,在高的或者非掺杂条件下,材料(1)的光致发光量子产率的下降幅度非常小,说明基于三螺环吖啶单元(a)的材料(1)在光致条件下可以显著的抑制浓度淬灭。
实施例29
本实施例在于验证在相同的三螺环吖啶给体单元下,通过引入不同吸电子强度的单元来调节材料的材料内电荷转移强度,来调节材料光致发光波长;
由图11可以看出,在稀的甲苯溶液中,材料(3)相较于材料(1),波长蓝移了24nm,说明相同的三螺式吖啶受体单元,通过改变受体单元,调节材料内电荷转移的强度可以显著的调控材料的光致发光波长,这对于显示领域需要不同的发光波长的材料以及普通照明的白光制备均具有非常重要现实意义。
实施例30
本实施例在于验证在光致条件下,不同的基于不同的非共轭端基的三螺环吖啶受体对材料的发光波长的影响;
由图12可以看出,在稀的甲苯溶液中,材料(1)相较于材料(2)波长蓝移了9nm,这是由于非共轭双螺环单元10氢-螺[蒽-9,9'-噻吨]相比于10氢-螺[蒽-9,9'-芴]单元具有更弱的超共轭供电子作用,这降低的材料(1)的分子内电荷转移的强度,引起了光谱的蓝移,更纯的蓝光对于显示领域和普通照明的白光制备均具有非常重要现实意义。
实施例31
本实施例在于验证在光致条件下,不同的基于不同的非共轭端基的三螺环吖啶受体与双螺环吖啶受体单元对材料的发光波长的影响;
由图13可以看出,在稀的甲苯溶液中,材料(1)相较于材料SpiroAc-TRZ,波长蓝移了10nm,这是由于非共轭双螺环单元10氢-螺[蒽-9,9'-噻吨]相比于芴单元具有更弱的超共轭供电子作用,这降低的材料(1)的材料内电荷转移的强度,引起了光谱的蓝移,更纯的蓝光对于显示领域和普通照明的白光制备均具有非常重要现实意义。
实施例32
本实施例制备一种由实施例7的小分子材料(1)和文献中已经报道的材料SpiroAc-TRZ应用于掺杂有机电致发光器件,具体层叠结构如下:
玻璃基板/氧化铟锡(125纳米)/TAPC(40纳米)/MCP(10纳米)/发光层(30纳米)/DPEPO(10纳米)TmPyPB(40纳米)/氟化锂(1纳米)/铝(100纳米)。氧化铟锡为阳极,TAPC作为空穴传输层,发光层为,mCP和DPEPO为激子阻挡层,TmPyPB作为电子传输层,氟化锂作为电子注入层,铝作为阴极。发光层结构为材料(1)或者材料SpiroAc-TRZ,掺杂浓度控制在30wt%。
该有机电致发光器件的制备方法如下:透明导电的氧化铟锡玻璃基板依次用丙酮、微米级半导体专用洗涤剂、去离子水、异丙醇超声清理15分钟,以除去衬底表面的污垢。随后放入恒温箱中80℃烘干待用。烘干后的氧化铟锡基板用氧等离子体起辉设备处理4分钟,然后将玻璃基板转移到真空蒸镀腔体里面,待压力下降到1×10-4Pa以下时开始按照上面的器件结构依次蒸镀各个功能层结构。
本实施例的有机电致发光器件的电流密度-电压-亮度关系曲线图,电流效率-亮度关系曲线图和发光光谱图分别如图14、图15和图16所示。其光电性能数据汇总如表3所示。
表3
从以上数据可以看出,在同样的器件条件下,材料(1)的电致发光性能远远高于SpiroAc-TRZ,并且光色更蓝,更有利于实际应用。
实施例33
本实施例验证由实施例9和10的基于三螺式吖啶受体单元(a)和(b)的深蓝光有机小分子材料(3)和(4)用于掺杂有机电致发光器件,具体层叠结构如下:
玻璃基板/氧化铟锡(125纳米)/TAPC(40纳米)/MCP(10纳米)/发光层(30纳米)/DPEPO(10纳米)TmPyPB(40纳米)/氟化锂(1纳米)/铝(100纳米)。氧化铟锡为阳极,TAPC作为空穴传输层,发光层为,mCP和DPEPO为激子阻挡层,TmPyPB作为电子传输层,氟化锂作为电子注入层,铝作为阴极。发光层结构为材料(3)或者材料(4),掺杂浓度控制在30wt%。
本实施例的有机电致发光器件的电流密度-电压-亮度关系曲线图,电流效率-亮度关系曲线图和发光光谱图分别如图17,图18和图19所示。其光电性能数据和如表4所示。
表4
以材料(3)和(4)作为发光材料制作的电致发光器件处于所有已报到深蓝光器件数据的前列。
实施例34
本实施例验证由实施例7和8的基于三螺式吖啶受体单元(a)和(b)的有机小分子材料(1)和(2)用于非掺杂电致发光器件的,具体层叠结构如下:
玻璃基板/氧化铟锡(125纳米)/TAPC(40纳米)/MCP(10纳米)/材料(1)或者(2)(30纳米)/DPEPO(10纳米)TmPyPB(40纳米)/氟化锂(1纳米)/铝(100纳米)。氧化铟锡为阳极,TAPC作为空穴传输层,发光层为,mCP和DPEPO为激子阻挡层,TmPyPB作为电子传输层,氟化锂作为电子注入层,铝作为阴极。
本实施例的有机电致发光器件的电流密度-电压-亮度关系曲线图,电流效率-亮度关系曲线图和发光光谱图分别如图20、图21和图22所示。其光电性能数据汇总如表5所示。
表5
从以上数据可以看出,以材料(1)和(2)作为发光材料制作的非掺杂电致发光器件同样可以获得非常高的效率,该数据位于目前已经发表的文章的数据前列。综合看实施例32和34,材料(1)在掺杂和非掺杂器件中的均达到了领先的器件效率,说明利用三螺环吖啶的材料(1)可以显著的浓度淬灭导致的效率降低。
实施例35
本实施例在于验证由材料(1)用于全荧光白光电致发光器件的,具体层叠结构如下:
氧化铟锡(95纳米)/TAPC(30纳米)/mCP(10纳米)/材料(1):1.2wt.%DTPA-ADO/TspiroS-TRZ(5nm)/DPEPO(10纳米)/TmPyPb(40nm)/氟化锂(1纳米)/铝(150纳米)。氧化铟锡为阳极,TAPC作为空穴传输层,发光层为,mCP和DPEPO为激子阻挡层,TmPyPB作为电子传输层,氟化锂作为电子注入层,铝作为阴极。
所用材料的结构式如下:
本实施例的有机电致发光器件的电流密度-电压-亮度关系曲线图,电流效率-亮度关系曲线图和发光光谱图分别如图23、24和25所示。其光电性能数据汇总如表6所示。
表6
从以上数据可以看出,以材料(1)作为发光材料和辅助主体材料制作的全荧光白光电致发光器件同样可以获得非常高的效率,该数据位于目前已经发表的文章的数据前列。该实施例证明基于三螺环吖啶基团(a)的分子具有更广阔的应用前景。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料,其特征在于,该发光材料的分子结构式如TM1或TM2所示:
其中,X为S、SO2、O、N(Ph)、C(CH3)2、PO2(Ph)或Si(Ph)2;Ar为如下1~8式中任一项所示的芳香类基团或者为均三甲腈、吡啶、1-氰基吡啶、2-氰基吡啶、3-氰基吡啶、吲哚、喹啉或二苯磷酰基;
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料,其特征在于,所述的发光材料为如下(1)-(48)中任一项所示的结构式:
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料,其特征在于,所述发光材料中三螺环吖啶给体具有如下(a)-(f)中任一项所示的分子结构式:
4.制备权利要求3所述的三螺环吖啶给体的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)无水无氧低温反应:锂化试剂正丁基锂与溴代芳香烃反应生成芳基锂化试剂,然后与蒽醌反应,生成芳基叔醇,反应试剂为无水四氢呋喃,反应温度控制为-65℃—-78℃;
(2)高温亲核关环反应:将步骤(1)反应生成的芳基叔醇与浓盐酸反应,温度控制在100℃—110℃;
(3)无水无氧低温反应:将锂化试剂正丁基锂与叔丁基-(2-溴苯基)(苯基)氨基甲酸酯形成芳基锂化试剂,然后与步骤(2)所得蒽-9,10-二酮反应,生成芳基叔醇,反应试剂为无水四氢呋喃,反应温度控制为-65℃—-78℃;
(4)高温亲核关环反应:将步骤(3)反应生成的芳基叔醇与盐酸反应,温度控制为100℃—110℃,合成路线如下所示:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)、步骤(3)所述反应的时间为4-8小时。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)、步骤(4)所述反应的时间为8-16小时。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)、步骤(4)中所用溶剂为乙酸。
8.制备权利要求1或2所述的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料的方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法是以权利要求3所述的任一个三螺环吖啶给体的中间体通过Buchwald-Hartwig偶联卤代芳烃氨基化反应进行制备。
9.权利要求1或2所述的一种基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料在有机光电器件中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述有机光电器件包括基板、以及依次形成在基板上的阳极层、至少一个发光层单元和阴极层;所述的发光层单元包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、至少一个发光层和电子传输层;所述的空穴传输层、发光层或电子传输层中至少含有一种所述基于三螺环吖啶给体单元的小分子发光材料。
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