CN113603628A - 一种非共轭连接的空间电荷转移热活化延迟荧光材料及其电致发光应用 - Google Patents
一种非共轭连接的空间电荷转移热活化延迟荧光材料及其电致发光应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113603628A CN113603628A CN202110880777.1A CN202110880777A CN113603628A CN 113603628 A CN113603628 A CN 113603628A CN 202110880777 A CN202110880777 A CN 202110880777A CN 113603628 A CN113603628 A CN 113603628A
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Images
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- C07D491/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机电致发光技术领域,具体涉及一种非共轭连接的空间电荷转移热活化延迟荧光材料及其电致发光应用。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件是一种以有机材料作为功能材料的电驱动发光器件,具体是指有机半导体材料和有机发光材料在电场的驱动下,通过载流子注入和复合导致发光的技术。与无机材料相比,有机材料具有易制备、性质易调控、可柔性以及成膜性好等特点。基于有机材料的发光器件通常制作工艺简单、易于大面积制备、环境友好、可采用操作温度较低的薄膜制备方法,具有制作成本低的优点。相比于液晶显示技术,有机电致发光器件具有自主发光、低电压直流驱动、全固化、视角宽、颜色丰富等系列优点,展现出广阔的应用前景,被看作极富竞争力的平板显示技术之一。
有机电致发光器件中的典型实例是有机发光二极管(Organic Light EmittingDiode,简称OLED)。OLED一般具有三明治夹心结构:透明导电阳极/空穴注入层/空穴传输层/激子-电子阻挡层/发光层/激子-空穴阻挡层/电子传输层/电子注入层/金属阴极。其中,发光层包含主体材料和掺杂在主体中的发光材料。发光材料对器件性能起到决定性的作用。在发光层中,空穴和电子复合形成的激子一般包含25%的单线态和75%的三线态。最早报道的OLED器件都使用荧光材料。但是,传统的荧光材料只能利用单线态激子发光,因而荧光器件的内量子效率一般不超过25%。随后,研究者们提出使用金属配合物磷光材料制备OLED。磷光材料能够同时利用单线态和三线态激子发射磷光,因而磷光器件的内量子效率最大能达到100%。然而,磷光材料多使用诸如Ir、Pt等贵重金属,材料成本高昂。日本的Adachi教授等人提出使用热活化延迟荧光(Thermally-activated DelayedFluorescence,TADF)材料制备OLED器件。TADF材料一般是纯有机分子,材料成本低。其最大特点是具有极小的单线态和三线态能级差;在环境热能的激发下,三线态激子能通过反系间窜越回到单线态,进而发射延迟荧光。因此使用TADF材料制备的OLED也能达到最大100%的内量子效率。由于高效率和低材料成本等显著优势,TADF材料成为继荧光和磷光材料之后的第三代有机电致发光材料。
TADF材料一般由给体和受体单元组成。其中,最高占据轨道(HOMO)主要分布在给体单元上,而最高未占据轨道(LUMO)主要分布在受体单元上。TADF材料要求HOMO和LUMO轨道在空间上尽量分离,以实现小的单线态-三线态能极差和快速的反系间窜越;同时,还要求HOMO和LUMO在空间上有一定的重叠,以获得较快的单线态辐射跃迁速率。理论上来说,当给体和受体通过非共轭基团(如sp3杂化的碳原子)连接时,HOMO和LUMO轨道在空间上能实现完全的分离。但是,如何让二者在空间上实现部分的重叠,即实现空间上的电荷转移,是这类材料研究中的难点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点与不足,提供一种具有刚性螺环结构的、能实现较大空间电荷转移的、高发光效率的非共轭连接的空间电荷转移TADF材料及其制备方法。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种所述的TADF材料在制备高性能电致发光器件中的应用。该发光器件具有高效率、驱动电压低等优越性能。
本发明的目的通过以下述技术方案实现:
一种具有刚性螺环结构的、能实现较大空间电荷转移的、高发光效率的非共轭连接的空间电荷转移TADF材料,具有如下通式(1)结构:
其中,A1-A4表示芳香环、芳香杂环、芳香稠环或芳香稠杂环,各自独立地优选选自苯环、萘环、吡啶环、喹啉环、异喹啉环、嘧啶环、苯并嘧啶环或三嗪环。
X和Y选自直接键、O、S、Se、C=O、S(=O)2、CR’R”、SiR’R”、NR’、PR’、P(=O)R’、BR’中的任意一种。
R1-R4和R’、R”各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素基团;腈基;硝基;羟基;羰基;酯基;酰亚胺基;酰胺基;经取代或未经取代的烷基;经取代或未经取代的环烷基;经取代或未经取代的烷氧基;经取代或未经取代的芳氧基;经取代或未经取代的烷基硫基;经取代或未经取代的芳基硫基;经取代或未经取代的烷基磺酰基;经取代或未经取代的芳基磺酰基;经取代或未经取代的烯基;经取代或未经取代的甲硅烷基;经取代或未经取代的硼基;经取代或未经取代的胺基;经取代或未经取代的芳基膦基;经取代或未经取代的氧化膦基;经取代或未经取代的芳基;经取代或未经取代的杂芳基;经取代或未经取代的杂环基;或者可以与相邻基团键合以形成环。
G是连接基团,选自直接键、取代或未取代的C6-C30的亚芳基、C4-C30的亚杂芳基。
D是供电子给体单元,选自经取代或未经取代的胺基、经取代或未经取代的芳胺基、经取代或未经取代的咔唑基、经取代或未经取代的9,10-二氢吖啶基、经取代或未经取代的吩噁嗪基、经取代或未经取代的吩噻嗪基或其他供电子给体单元。
较优选的方案中,通式(1)优选为以下通式(2)至(9)中的一种。
上述通式(2)-(9)中,A1-A4、R1-R4、G和D的限定与通式(1)中的相同。
进一步地,A1-A4各自独立地优选选自下列所示结构的基团:
R1-R4各自独立地优选选自下列基团:氢、碳原子数小于等于10的烷基-CnH2n+1(n≤10)、碳原子数小于等于10的烷氧基-OCnH2n+1(n≤10)、氰基、三氟甲基、碳原子数小于等于10的羰基-C(=O)CnH2n+1(n≤10)、碳原子数小于等于10的磺酰基-S(=O)2CnH2n+1(n≤10)。
G优选为直接键,还可各自独立地优选选自下列基团:
D各自独立地优选选自下列基团:
其中,R6-R9各自独立地选自氢;经取代或未经取代的烷基;经取代或未经取代的环烷基;经取代或未经取代的烷氧基;经取代或未经取代的芳氧基;经取代或未经取代的烷基硫基;经取代或未经取代的芳基硫基;经取代或未经取代的胺基;经取代或未经取代的芳基;经取代或未经取代的杂芳基;经取代或未经取代的杂环基;或者可以与相邻基团键合以形成环。
进一步地,通式(2)优选为下列结构中的一种:
通式(3)优选为下列结构中的一种:
通式(4)优选为下列结构中的一种:
通式(5)优选为下列结构中的一种:
通式(6)优选为下列结构中的一种:
通式(7)优选为下列结构中的一种:
通式(8)优选为下列结构中的一种:
通式(9)优选为下列结构中的一种:
上述发光材料用作发光染料或敏化剂或主体材料制备电致发光器件。
优选的方案中,将所述通式(1)-(9)的化合物用作发光染料掺杂在主体材料中,应用于制备电致发光器件的发光功能层。或将所述通式(1)-(9)的化合物用作敏化剂掺杂在主体材料中,同时掺杂发光染料,应用于制备电致发光器件的发光功能层。或将所述通式(1)-(9)的化合物用作主体材料,同时掺杂发光染料,应用于制备电致发光器件的发光功能层。
较优选的方案中,电致发光器件包括阳极、阴极以及位于两电极之间的空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光功能层、激子阻挡层、电子传输层,所述发光功能层中包含本发明所述的化合物。然而,电致发光器件的结构不限于此,并且可包括较多或较少的有机功能层。
TADF材料由给体和受体单元组成。给体单元是富电子基团,如二苯胺、三苯胺、咔唑、9,10-二氢吖啶、吩噁嗪、吩噻嗪。受体单元是缺电子基团,如苯氰、二苯甲酮、三嗪、嘧啶等。本发明利用螺环结构将受体单元固定,并在螺环结构上受体单元的相邻位置引入给体单元,得到的空间电荷转移TADF材料具有结构刚性、空间电荷转移程度大、单线态-三线态能级差小、发光效率高等优点。将这类TADF材料作为发光染料或敏化剂或主体材料应用于有机电致发光器件,所得到的器件具有发光效率高、驱动电压低等优点。
本发明中空间电荷转移TADF材料的关键在于利用螺环结构将受体单元(如二苯甲酮、二苯砜、4,4’-二氰基联苯等)固定,并在螺环结构上受体单元的相邻位置引入给体单元。目前报道的TADF材料可分为分子内和分子间两种体系。分子内TADF材料是通过化学键直接连接给体和受体单元,给体和受体通过化学键实现激发态下给体到受体的电荷转移,形成分子内电荷转移激发态并给出延迟荧光。分子间TADF材料是直接物理混合给体和受体分子,给体和受体单元通过空间发生电荷转移,形成分子间电荷转移激发态(即激基复合物)并给出延迟荧光。相比于分子内TADF材料,通过空间发生电荷转移的分子间TADF材料具有HOMO和LUMO轨道天然分离、单线态-三线态能极差天然很小等特性,应用于电致发光器件表现出卓越的性能。然而,这类通过空间电荷转移的TADF材料存在发光效率低的问题。在本发明的技术方案中,使用螺环结构将受体单元(如二苯甲酮、二苯砜、4,4’-二氰基联苯等)固定,同时在螺环结构上受体单元的相邻位置引入给体单元(如咔唑、二苯胺、三苯胺、9,10-二氢吖啶、吩噁嗪、吩噻嗪等),得到结构刚性且易于通过空间发生电荷转移的TADF材料。将受体单元通过刚性螺环结构固定,可显著抑制TADF材料的非辐射跃迁,提高材料的发光效率;同时,受体单元和给体单元在空间上能形成近似面对面的排列且距离很近,从而容易发生空间上的电荷转移,实现高效率的延迟荧光发射。将本发明的TADF材料作为发光染料或敏化剂或主体材料制备电致发光器件,器件表现出高效率、驱动电压低等优越性能。
相对现有技术,本发明技术方案具有以下优点:
(1)本发明非共轭连接的空间电荷转移TADF材料通过刚性螺环结构固定受体单元,同时在螺环结构上受体单元的相邻位置引入给体,具有空间电荷转移程度大、单线态和三线态能极差小、发光效率高等优点。
(2)本发明采用非共轭连接的空间电荷转移TADF材料用作发光染料或敏化剂或主体材料制备电致发光器件,器件具有高效率、驱动电压低等优越性能。
(3)本发明的非共轭连接空间电荷转移TADF材料采用成熟的工艺合成,容易制备获得,大大降低了材料的使用成本。给体和受体单元易于调节,容易调控材料的发光性质。
附图说明
图1是化合物3的单晶结构图。
图2是化合物7的单晶结构图。
图3是化合物67的单晶结构图。
图4是化合物123的单晶结构图。
图5是应用实施例(实施例2-4)中的发光器件结构示意图。
图6是器件2-1、器件3-1和器件4-1的外量子效率-亮度图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1化合物的合成
通式(1)所示的化合物通过以下反应方案制备:
反应式(1)
当G为直接键时,中间体通过下列反应方案合成:
反应式(2)
当G为非直接键时,中间体1通过下列反应方案合成:
反应式(3)
上述反应式(1)-(3)中,A1-A4、R1-R4、X、Y、G和D的限定与通式(1)中的限定相同。
反应式涉及其中引入特定取代基的实例,但是如有必要,本领域技术人员可以通过使用本领域已知的技术引入取代基,并且在引入取代基时,可改变取代基的种类或数量。此外,本领域技术人员可通过使用本领域已知的技术改变以上反应式的样品、反应条件或起始材料。例如,由通式(1)表示的化合物可以按照以上反应式(1)制备,可以使用本领域已知的方法向其键合取代基,取代基的类型、位置或者数目可以根据本领域已知的技术来进行改变。然而,反应并不限于此。
例如,由通式(1)所表示的化合物具有按照以下合成方法的中间体A-1、A-2、B-1、B-2、C-1、C-2、D-1、D-2、E-1和E-2。
首先合成中间体1-4,再由中间体2和4合成中间体A-1、A-2、B-1、B-2、C-1、C-2、D-1、D-2、E-1和E-2:
(a)中间体1的合成:将3-碘-4甲基苯胺(13.98g,60mmol)、邻溴苯硼酸(14.46g,72mmol)、碳酸钾(24.84g,180mmol)、甲苯(180mL)、乙醇(45mL)、双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(842mg,1.20mmol)依次加入圆底烧瓶中,升温至80℃,在氮气环境下回流反应,TLC薄板监测至反应完全。将反应液冷却至室温后旋干,用二氯甲烷萃取并水洗。取有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂,拌样。用层析硅胶柱分离,烘干得棕黑色油状液体产物8g,产率为60%。
(b)中间体2的合成:将中间体1(3.50g,13.4mmol)、亚硝酸钠(4.62g,67mmol),二碘甲烷(7.18g,26.80mmol)、醋酸(16.08g,268mmol)、二氯甲烷(65mL)、水(65mL)加入500mL圆底烧瓶中,保持室温,在氮气环境中搅拌反应过夜。TLC薄板监测至反应完全,反应液加入高硫酸钠除去碘单质,用二氯甲烷萃取并水洗后取有机相。用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂,拌样。用层析硅胶柱分离,烘干得紫黑色油状液体产物4.70g,产率为94%。
(c)中间体3的合成:将2-氟-4-硝基甲苯(1.86g,12mmol)、邻溴苯酚(1.73g,10mmol)、碳酸铯(9.774g,30mmol)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(10mL)依次加入圆底烧瓶中,升温至100℃,在氮气环境下反应,TLC薄板监测至反应完全。趁热将反应液加入到冰水混合液中(100mL),有黄色固体析出,过滤,加入大量石油醚洗涤固体,红外线烘干得黄色固体粉末产物2.61g,产率为85%。
(d)中间体4的合成:将中间体3(1.54g,5mmol)、铁粉(560mg,10mmol)、氯化铵(321mg,6mmol)、乙醇(40mL)和水(8mL)依次加入圆底烧瓶中,升温至90℃,在氮气环境下反应,TLC薄板监测至反应完全。趁热将反应液用硅藻土过滤,将所得滤液旋干,得到白色固体3-(2-溴苯氧基)-4-甲基苯胺(1.12g,4mmol),产率80%。将白色固体(1.11g,4mmol)、亚硝酸钠(1.38g,20mmol)、二碘甲烷(2.14g,8mmol)、醋酸(4.8g,80mmol)、二氯甲烷(20mL)、水(20mL)加入100mL圆底烧瓶中,保持室温,在氮气环境中搅拌反应过夜。TLC薄板监测至反应完全,反应液加入高硫酸钠除去碘单质,用二氯甲烷萃取并水洗后取有机相。用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂,拌样。用层析硅胶柱分离,烘干得白色固体产物1.16g,产率为75%。
(1)中间体A-1的合成:将中间体2(3.13g,8.40mmol)、1,3,6,8-四甲基-9H-咔唑(1.56g,7mmol)、叔丁醇钠(2.02g,21mmol)、四氟硼酸三正丁基膦(305mg,1.05mmol)、醋酸钯(79mg,0.35mmol)、甲苯(35mL)依次加入圆底烧瓶中,升温至110℃,在氮气保护下回流反应。TLC薄板监测至反应完全,待反应液冷却至室温后将其旋干。用二氯甲烷萃取并水洗后取有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂,拌样。用层析硅胶柱分离,烘干得白色固体粉末产物1.71g,产率为52%。
(2)中间体A-2的合成:将中间体4(3.26g,8.40mmol)、1,3,6,8-四甲基-9H-咔唑(1.56g,7mmol)、叔丁醇钠(2.02g,21mmol)、四氟硼酸三正丁基膦(305mg,1.05mmol)、醋酸钯(79mg,0.35mmol)、甲苯(35mL)依次加入圆底烧瓶中,升温至110℃,在氮气保护下回流反应。TLC薄板监测至反应完全,待反应液冷却至室温后将其旋干。用二氯甲烷萃取并水洗后取有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂,拌样。用层析硅胶柱分离,烘干得白色固体粉末产物2.53g,产率为59.2%。
(3)中间体B-1的合成:中间体B-1的合成类似于中间体A-1的合成,只是将1,3,6,8-四甲基-9H-咔唑换成二苯胺。
(4)中间体B-2的-合成:中间体B-2的合成类似于中间体A-2的合成,只是将1,3,6,8-四甲基-9H-咔唑换成二苯胺。
(5)中间体C-1的合成:中间体C-1的合成类似于中间体A-1的合成,只是将1,3,6,8-四甲基-9H-咔唑换成9,10-二氢-9,9’-二甲基吖啶。
(6)中间体C-2的合成:中间体C-2的合成类似于中间体A-2的合成,只是将1,3,6,8-四甲基-9H-咔唑换成9,10-二氢-9,9’-二甲基吖啶。
(7)中间体D-1的合成:将中间体2(3.72g,10mmol)、(4-(二苯胺)苯基)硼酸(3.47g,12mmol)、碳酸钾(4.14g,30mmol)、四三苯基膦钯(578mg,0.5mmol)、甲苯(40mL)和乙醇(10mL)依次加入圆底烧瓶中,升温至100℃,在氮气保护下回流反应。TLC薄板监测至反应完全,待反应液冷却至室温后将其旋干。用二氯甲烷萃取并水洗后取有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂,拌样。用层析硅胶柱分离,烘干得白色固体粉末产物2.97g,产率为60.6%。
(8)中间体D-2的合成:将中间体4(3.88g,10mmol)、(4-(二苯胺)苯基)硼酸(3.47g,12mmol)、碳酸钾(4.14g,30mmol)、四三苯基膦钯(578mg,0.5mmol)、甲苯(40mL)和乙醇(10mL)依次加入圆底烧瓶中,升温至100℃,在氮气保护下回流反应。TLC薄板监测至反应完全,待反应液冷却至室温后将其旋干。用二氯甲烷萃取并水洗后取有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂,拌样。用层析硅胶柱分离,烘干得白色固体粉末产物3.89g,产率为76.9%。
(9)中间体E-1的合成:中间体E-1的合成类似于中间体D-1的合成,只是将(4-(二苯胺)苯基)硼酸换成苯并[5,6][1,4]恶嗪并[2,3,4-kl]吩恶嗪-7-基硼酸。
(10)中间体E-2的合成:中间体E-2的合成类似于中间体D-2的合成,只是将(4-(二苯胺)苯基)硼酸换成苯并[5,6][1,4]恶嗪并[2,3,4-kl]吩恶嗪-7-基硼酸。
中间体1-4,A-1、A-2、B-1、B-2、C-1、C-2、D-1、D-2、E-1和E-2的质谱[M]+值列在表1中。
表1
中间体 | [M]<sup>+</sup>计算值 | [M]<sup>+</sup>测试值 |
1 | 262.2 | 262.1 |
2 | 373.0 | 373.1 |
3 | 308.1 | 308.2 |
4 | 389.0 | 389.1 |
A-1 | 468.4 | 468.5 |
A-2 | 484.4 | 484.6 |
B-1 | 414.3 | 414.4 |
B-2 | 430.3 | 430.4 |
C-1 | 454.4 | 454.5 |
C-2 | 470.4 | 470.6 |
D-1 | 490.4 | 490.5 |
D-2 | 506.4 | 506.5 |
E-1 | 518.4 | 518.6 |
E-2 | 534.4 | 534.5 |
例如,由中间体A-1、A-2、B-1、B-2、C-1、C-2、D-1、D-2、E-1和E-2合成通式(1)所表示的化合物。
(11)化合物3的合成:将中间体A-1(1.59g,3.40mmol)溶于20mL无水四氢呋喃,在氩气保护环境下加入双口烧瓶中,冷却至-78℃搅拌10min,用注射器缓慢滴加正丁基锂(1.6mol/L,THF,3mL),-78℃下搅拌1h,称取蒽醌(2.12g,10.20mmol)溶于无水四氢呋喃后用注射器打入烧瓶。升至室温,氩气保护下继续搅拌反应过夜。TLC薄板监测至反应完全,将反应液旋干,拌样。用层析硅胶柱分离,旋干溶剂得淡黄色固体粉末1.35g。取淡黄色固体粉末340mg,将其和醋酸(10mL),浓盐酸(0.5mL)加入圆底烧瓶,升温至110℃,氮气保护下回流反应。TLC薄板监测至反应完全,待反应液冷却至室温后将其旋干。用二氯甲烷萃取并水洗取有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂,拌样。用层析硅胶柱分离,得黄色固体粉末产物168mg,三步总产率为51%。
(12)化合物33的合成:化合物33仿照化合物3合成,只是将中间体换成A-2。
(13)化合物63的合成:将中间体A-1(3.2g,6.8mmol)溶于40mL无水四氢呋喃,在氩气保护环境下加入双口烧瓶中,冷却至-78℃搅拌10min,用注射器缓慢滴加正丁基锂(1.6mol/L,THF,5.5mL),-78℃下搅拌1h,称取9H-噻吨-9-酮二氧化物(5.12g,20mmol)溶于无水四氢呋喃后用注射器打入烧瓶。升至室温,氩气保护下继续搅拌反应过夜。TLC薄板监测至反应完全,将反应液旋干,拌样。用层析硅胶柱分离,旋干溶剂得白色固体粉末2.5g。取淡黄色固体粉末400mg,将其和醋酸(10mL),浓盐酸(0.5mL)加入圆底烧瓶,升温至110℃,氮气保护下回流反应。TLC薄板监测至反应完全,待反应液冷却至室温后将其旋干。用二氯甲烷萃取并水洗取有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂,拌样。用层析硅胶柱分离,得淡黄色固体粉末产物200mg,总产率为38%。
(14)化合物93的合成:化合物93仿照化合物63合成,只是将中间体换成A-2。
(15)化合物123的合成:化合物123仿照化合物3合成,只是将蒽醌换成2,7-芴二腈。
(16)化合物159的合成:化合物159仿照化合物123合成,只是将中间体换成A-2。
(17)化合物211的合成:化合物211仿照化合物3合成,只是将蒽醌换成10H-吡喃并[3,2-b:5,6-b']二吡啶-10-酮。
(18)化合物247的合成:化合物247仿照化合物211合成,只是将中间体换成A-2。
(19)化合物4的合成:化合物4仿照化合物3合成,只是将中间体换成B-1。
(20)化合物34的合成:化合物34仿照化合物33合成,只是将中间体换成B-2。
(21)化合物64的合成:化合物64仿照化合物63合成,只是将中间体换成B-1。
(22)化合物94的合成:化合物94仿照化合物93合成,只是将中间体换成B-2。
(23)化合物124的合成:化合物124仿照化合物123合成,只是将中间体换成B-1。
(24)化合物160的合成:化合物160仿照化合物159合成,只是将中间体换成B-2。
(25)化合物212的合成:化合物212仿照化合物211合成,只是将中间体换成B-1。
(26)化合物248的合成:化合物248仿照化合物247合成,只是将中间体换成B-2。
(27)化合物7的合成:化合物7仿照化合物3合成,只是将中间体换成C-1。
(28)化合物37的合成:化合物37仿照化合物33合成,只是将中间体换成C-2。
(29)化合物67的合成:化合物67仿照化合物63合成,只是将中间体换成C-1。
(30)化合物97的合成:化合物97仿照化合物93合成,只是将中间体换成C-2。
(31)化合物130的合成:化合物130仿照化合物123合成,只是将中间体换成C-1。
(32)化合物166的合成:化合物166仿照化合物159合成,只是将中间体换成C-2。
(33)化合物214的合成:化合物214仿照化合物211合成,只是将中间体换成C-1。
(34)化合物250的合成:化合物250仿照化合物247合成,只是将中间体换成C-2。
(35)化合物6的合成:化合物6仿照化合物3合成,只是将中间体换成D-1。
(36)化合物36的合成:化合物36仿照化合物33合成,只是将中间体换成D-2。
(37)化合物66的合成:化合物66仿照化合物63合成,只是将中间体换成D-1。
(38)化合物96的合成:化合物96仿照化合物93合成,只是将中间体换成D-2。
(39)化合物127的合成:化合物127仿照化合物123合成,只是将中间体换成D-1。
(40)化合物163的合成:化合物163仿照化合物159合成,只是将中间体换成D-2。
(41)化合物213的合成:化合物213仿照化合物211合成,只是将中间体换成D-1。
(42)化合物249的合成:化合物249仿照化合物247合成,只是将中间体换成D-2。
(43)化合物11的合成:化合物11仿照化合物3合成,只是将中间体换成E-1。
(44)化合物41的合成:化合物41仿照化合物33合成,只是将中间体换成E-2。
(45)化合物71的合成:化合物71仿照化合物63合成,只是将中间体换成E-1。
(46)化合物101的合成:化合物101仿照化合物93合成,只是将中间体换成E-2。
(47)化合物128的合成:化合物128仿照化合物123合成,只是将中间体换成E-1。
(48)化合物164的合成:化合物164仿照化合物159合成,只是将中间体换成E-2。
(49)化合物216的合成:化合物216仿照化合物211合成,只是将中间体换成E-1。
(50)化合物252的合成:化合物252仿照化合物247合成,只是将中间体换成E-2。
以上化合物质谱[M]+值列在表2中。
表2
对比化合物1和2由以下路线合成:
(51)中间体5的合成:中间体5仿照中间体1的合成,只是将3-碘-4-甲基苯胺换成4-碘苯胺。
(52)中间体6的合成:中间体6仿照中间体2的合成,只是将中间体1换成中间体5。
(53)中间体7的合成:中间体7仿照中间体1的合成,只是将3-碘-4-甲基苯胺换成3-碘苯胺。
(54)中间体8的合成:中间体8仿照中间体2的合成,只是将中间体1换成中间体7。
(55)中间体9的合成:中间体9的合成类似于中间体A-1的合成,只是将中间体2换成中间体6。
(56)中间体10的合成:中间体10的合成类似于中间体A-1的合成,只是将中间体2换成中间体8。
(57)对比化合物1的合成:对比化合物1仿照化合物3合成,只是将中间体A-1换成中间体9。
(58)对比化合物2的合成:对比化合物2仿照化合物3合成,只是将中间体A-1换成中间体10。
以上化合物质谱[M]+值列在表3中。
表3
实施例2以本发明化合物作为发光染料制备电致发光器件
通过现有方法对本发明中的化合物进行升华提纯,然后通过以下方法制备电致发光器件。
(1)器件2-1的制备
将涂覆有厚度为130nm的氧化铟锡(ITO)的玻璃基底依次使用丙酮、异丙醇和乙醇各超声波清洗10分钟。接着将ITO基片使用溶解有清洁剂的去离子热水(60℃)超声波清洗10分钟。再将ITO基片使用去离子水重复两次超声波清洗10分钟。最后,将ITO基片用无水乙醇超声波清洗5分钟并在洁净工作台中用红外灯烘烤干燥。在器件制备之前,将ITO基片转移至紫外臭氧清洗机中,使用紫外臭氧清洗ITO基片15分钟,然后将ITO基片转移至高真空蒸镀腔室中。
首先,使用2,3,6,7,10,11-六氰基-1,4,5,8,9,12-六氮杂苯并菲(HATCN,化学式如下)真空热蒸镀沉积在上述ITO基片上,沉积厚度为5nm,作为空穴注入层。
使用4,4环己基二[N,N-二(4-甲基苯基)苯胺](TAPC,化学式如下)真空热蒸镀沉积在上述空穴注入层上,沉积厚度为30nm,作为空穴传输层。
接着,使用1,3-二(9-咔唑基)苯(mcp,化学式如下)真空热蒸镀沉积在上述空穴传输层上,沉积厚度为10nm,作为激子/电子阻挡层。
随后,再使用化合物3和主体材料二[2-((氧代)二苯基膦基)苯基]醚(DPEPO,化学式如下)以3:7的质量比真空热蒸镀沉积在上述激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,作为发光层。
然后,使用化合物dpepo真空热蒸镀沉积在上述发光层上,沉积厚度为5nm,作为激子/空穴阻挡层。
再然后,使用1,3,5-三[(3-吡啶基)-3-苯基]苯(TmPyPB,化学式如下)真空热蒸镀沉积在上述激子/空穴阻挡层上,沉积厚度为30nm,作为电子传输层。
最后,使用氟化锂(沉积厚度1nm)和金属铝(沉积厚度120nm)依次沉积在电子传输层上,分别作为电子注入层和阴极。
在上述材料热蒸镀过程中,空穴注入层材料HATCN、空穴传输层材料TAPC、激子/电子阻挡层材料mcp、发光层主体材料dpepo、激子/空穴阻挡层材料dpepo和电子传输层材料TmPyPB的沉积速率保持在电子注入层材料氟化锂的沉积速率保持在电极材料金属铝的沉积速率保持在在所有材料热蒸镀沉积过程中,蒸镀腔室的真空保持在5×10-4Pa以下,由此制造电致发光器件。
(2)器件2-2的制备
器件2-2的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为33。
(3)器件2-3的制备
器件2-3的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为63。
(4)器件2-4的制备
器件2-4的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为93。
(5)器件2-5的制备
器件2-5的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为123。
(6)器件2-6的制备
器件2-6的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为159。
(7)器件2-7的制备
器件2-7的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为211。
(8)器件2-8的制备
器件2-8的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为247。
(9)器件2-9的制备
器件2-9的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为4。
(10)器件2-10的制备
器件2-10的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为34。
(11)器件2-11的制备
器件2-11的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为64。
(12)器件2-12的制备
器件2-12的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为94。
(13)器件2-13的制备
器件2-13的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为124。
(14)器件2-14的制备
器件2-14的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为160。
(15)器件2-15的制备
器件2-15的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为212。
(16)器件2-16的制备
器件2-16的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为248。
(17)器件2-17的制备
器件2-17的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为7。
(18)器件2-18的制备
器件2-18的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为37。
(19)器件2-19的制备
器件2-19的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为67。
(20)器件2-20的制备
器件2-20的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为97。
(21)器件2-21的制备
器件2-21的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为130。
(22)器件2-22的制备
器件2-22的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为166。
(23)器件2-23的制备
器件2-23的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为214。
(24)器件2-24的制备
器件2-24的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为250。
(25)器件2-25的制备
器件2-25的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为6。
(26)器件2-26的制备
器件2-26的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为36。
(27)器件2-27的制备
器件2-27的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为66。
(28)器件2-28的制备
器件2-28的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为96。
(29)器件2-29的制备
器件2-29的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为127。
(30)器件2-30的制备
器件2-30的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为163。
(31)器件2-31的制备
器件2-31的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为213。
(32)器件2-32的制备
器件2-32的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为249。
(33)器件2-33的制备
器件2-33的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为11
(34)器件2-34的制备
器件2-34的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为41。
(35)器件2-35的制备
器件2-35的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为71。
(36)器件2-36的制备
器件2-36的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为101。
(37)器件2-37的制备
器件2-37的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为128。
(38)器件2-38的制备
器件2-38的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为164。
(39)器件2-39的制备
器件2-39的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为216。
(40)器件2-40的制备
器件2-40的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为252。
(41)器件2-41的制备
器件2-41的制备与器件2-1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为对比化合物1。
(42)器件2-42的制备
器件2-42的制备与器件1的制备相同,只是将发光层中化合物3替换为对比化合物2。向发光器件通电流后,获得的器件性能数据详见表4。
表4
在对比化合物1和2中,受体单元二苯甲酮也通过螺环结构固定,但给体单元1,3,6,8-四甲基-9H-咔唑没有处在受体单元的相邻位置。器件2-41和2-42使用对比化合物1和2制备。由表4可以看出,在螺环结构中被固定受体单元的相邻位置取代给体单元所得的化合物表现出高发光效率(器件2-1至2-40),而作为对比例的器件2-41和2-42表现出低发光效率。可以确定,本发明通式限定的化合物具有优异的发光性能,因而表现出高效率,并且可以应用于电致发光器件。
实施例3以本发明化合物作为敏化剂制备电致发光器件
通过通常已知的方法对合成例中制备的化合物进行高纯度升华提纯,然后通过以下方法将本发明化合物作为敏化剂制备敏化型有机发光器件。
(43)器件3-1的制备
器件3-1的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用3,3’-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,1’-联苯(mCBP,化学式如下)为主体材料,化合物3作为敏化剂,C545T(化学式如下)作为发光染料。以mCBP、化合物3和C545T质量比79:20:1真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(44)器件3-2的制备
器件3-2的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用3,3’-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,1’-联苯(mCBP,化学式如下)为主体材料,化合物33作为敏化剂,C545T作为发光染料。以mCBP、化合物33和C545T质量比79:20:1真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(45)器件3-3的制备
器件3-3的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用3,3’-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,1’-联苯(mCBP,化学式如下)为主体材料,化合物63作为敏化剂,C545T作为发光染料。以mCBP、化合物63和C545T质量比79:20:1真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(46)器件3-4的制备
器件3-4的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用3,3’-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,1’-联苯(mCBP,化学式如下)为主体材料,化合物93作为敏化剂,C545T作为发光染料。以mCBP、化合物93和C545T质量比79:20:1真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(47)器件3-5的制备
器件3-5的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用3,3’-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,1’-联苯(mCBP,化学式如下)为主体材料,化合物123作为敏化剂,C545T作为发光染料。以mCBP、化合物123和C545T质量比79:20:1真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(48)器件3-6的制备
器件3-6的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用3,3’-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,1’-联苯(mCBP,化学式如下)为主体材料,化合物159作为敏化剂,C545T作为发光染料。以mCBP、化合物159和C545T质量比79:20:1真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(49)器件3-7的制备
器件3-7的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用3,3’-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,1’-联苯(mCBP,化学式如下)为主体材料,化合物211作为敏化剂,C545T作为发光染料。以mCBP、化合物211和C545T质量比79:20:1真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(50)器件3-8的制备
器件3-8的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用3,3’-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,1’-联苯(mCBP,化学式如下)为主体材料,化合物247作为敏化剂,C545T作为发光染料。以mCBP、化合物247和C545T质量比79:20:1真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(51)器件3-9的制备
器件3-9的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用3,3’-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,1’-联苯(mCBP,化学式如下)为主体材料,对比化合物1作为敏化剂,C545T作为发光染料。以mCBP、对比化合物1和C545T质量比79:20:1真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(52)器件3-10的制备
器件3-6的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用3,3’-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,1’-联苯(mCBP,化学式如下)为主体材料,对比化合物2作为敏化剂,C545T作为发光染料。以mCBP、对比化合物2和C545T质量比79:20:1真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(53)器件3-11的制备
器件3-7的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用3,3’-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,1’-联苯(mCBP,化学式如下)为主体材料,C545T作为发光染料。以mCBP和C545T质量比99:1真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
向发光器件通电流后,获得的器件性能数据详见表5。
表5
如表5中数据所示,比较例3-9和3-10在使用对比化合物1和对比化合物2作为敏化剂时,器件效率低。比较例3-11未加入所述化合物作为敏化剂的情况下,器件效率仅为2.0%。而根据本发明的由通式(1)-(9)表示的化合物作为敏化剂,得到的实验例3-1至3-8的绿色电致发光器件表现出更高效率。可以确定,根据本发明的化学式的化合物可以作为敏化剂应用于电致发光器件,并获得高发光效率。
实施例4以本发明化合物作为主体材料制备发光器件
通过现有方法对本发明中的化合物进行升华提纯,然后通过以下方法将本发明化合物作为主体材料制备电致发光器件。
(54)器件4-1的制备
器件4-1的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用化合物3为主体材料和常见染料Ir(ppy)3(化学式如下)作为发光染料。以化合物3和Ir(ppy)3质量比80:20真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(55)器件4-2的制备
器件4-2的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用化合物33为主体材料和Ir(ppy)3作为发光染料。以化合物33和Ir(ppy)3质量比80:20真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(56)器件4-3的制备
器件4-3的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用化合物63为主体材料和Ir(ppy)3作为发光染料。以化合物63和Ir(ppy)3质量比80:20真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(57)器件4-4的制备
器件4-4的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用化合物93为主体材料和Ir(ppy)3作为发光染料。以化合物93和Ir(ppy)3质量比80:20真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(58)器件4-5的制备
器件4-5的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用化合物123为主体材料和Ir(ppy)3作为发光染料。以化合物123和Ir(ppy)3质量比80:20真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(59)器件4-6的制备
器件4-6的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用化合物159为主体材料和Ir(ppy)3作为发光染料。以化合物159和Ir(ppy)3质量比80:20真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(60)器件4-7的制备
器件4-7的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用化合物211为主体材料和Ir(ppy)3作为发光染料。以化合物211和Ir(ppy)3质量比80:20真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(61)器件4-8的制备
器件4-8的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用化合物247为主体材料和Ir(ppy)3作为发光染料。以化合物247和Ir(ppy)3质量比80:20真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(60)器件4-9的制备
器件4-9的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用对比化合物1为主体材料和Ir(ppy)3作为发光染料。以对比化合物1和Ir(ppy)3质量比80:20真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
(61)器件4-10的制备
器件4-10的制备类似器件2-1的制备,只是发光层的制备改为如下:
使用对比化合物2为主体材料和Ir(ppy)3作为发光染料。以对比化合物2和Ir(ppy)3质量比80:20真空热蒸镀,共同沉积在激子/电子阻挡层上,沉积厚度为20nm,由此形成发光层。
向发光器件通电流后,获得的器件性能数据详见表6。
表6
如表6中数据所示,使用本发明通式(1)-(9)所示的化合物作为主体材料,Ir(ppy)3作为发光染料,制备的绿光发光器件具有高效率和低驱动电压。而对比例器件4-9和4-10都表现出较低的发光效率和较高的驱动电压。
综上所述,本发明所述的具有通式(1)结构的化合物可以作为有机电致发光器件中的发光染料或敏化剂或主体材料,所制备器件表现出高效率、低驱动电压等优异性能。本发明的具有通式(1)结构的化合物通过非共轭连接实现分子内给体和受体间的空间相互作用,通过螺环结构固定受体单元,并在螺环结构上受体单元的相邻位置引入给体单元,增强给体和受体间的空间电荷转移作用并抑制非辐射跃迁。因此,该类材料具有优异的发光性能,可以用作有机电致发光器件中有机功能层的材料,特别是发光层的材料。根据本说明书中至少一个示例性实施方案的化合物作为发光染料可以实现高效率和低驱动电压的电致发光器件;根据本说明书中至少一个示例性实施方案的化合物作为敏化剂可以实现高效率和低驱动电压的电致发光器件;根据本说明书中至少一个示例性实施方案的化合物作为主体材料可以实现高效率和低驱动电压的电致发光器件。
本说明书中描述的具有通式(1)-(9)结构的化合物可以用作空穴注入、空穴传输、发光、电子传输、电子阻挡或电子注入的材料。此外,本说明书中描述的具有通式(1)结构的化合物还可以用作有机光伏器件或者有机晶体管的材料。
需要特别说明的是,以上所述的示例性实施方案中各项技术特征可以任意组合。但为使描述简洁,本说明书未完全描述上述示例性实施方案中各个技术特征所有可能的组合。但是,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,它们都应当被认为是属于本说明书所描述的范围。本发明书所描述的示例性实施方案仅举例了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此理解为对发明专利范围的限制。需要强调的是,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种非共轭连接的空间电荷转移热活化延迟荧光材料,其特征在于:具有如下通式(1)结构:
其中,A1-A4表示芳香环、芳香杂环、芳香稠环或芳香稠杂环;
X和Y选自直接键、O、S、Se、C=O、S(=O)2、CR’R”、SiR’R”、NR’、PR’、P(=O)R’、BR’中的任意一种;
R1-R4和R’、R”各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素基团,腈基,硝基,羟基,羰基,酯基,酰亚胺基,酰胺基,经取代或未经取代的烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、烷基硫基、芳基硫基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、烯基、甲硅烷基、硼基、胺基、芳基膦基、氧化膦基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基,或者可以与相邻基团键合以形成环;
G是连接基团;
D是供电子给体单元。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的非共轭连接的空间电荷转移热活化延迟荧光材料,其特征在于:A1-A4各自独立地选自苯环、萘环、吡啶环、喹啉环、异喹啉环、嘧啶环、苯并嘧啶环或三嗪环;
G选自直接键、取代或未取代的C6-C30的亚芳基、C4-C30的亚杂芳基;
D选自经取代或未经取代的胺基、芳胺基、咔唑基、9,10-二氢吖啶基、吩噁嗪基、吩噻嗪基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的或2所述的非共轭连接的空间电荷转移热活化延迟荧光材料,其特征在于:A1-A4各自独立地选自下列所示结构的基团:
R1-R4各自独立地选自下列基团:氢、碳原子数小于等于10的烷基-CnH2n+1、碳原子数小于等于10的烷氧基-OCnH2n+1、氰基、三氟甲基、碳原子数小于等于10的羰基-C(=O)CnH2n+1、碳原子数小于等于10的磺酰基-S(=O)2CnH2n+1;
G为直接键,或各自独立地选自下列基团:
D各自独立地选自下列基团:
其中,R6-R9各自独立地选自氢,经取代或未经取代的烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、烷基硫基、芳基硫基、胺基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基,或者可以与相邻基团键合以形成环。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述的非共轭连接的空间电荷转移热活化延迟荧光材料在制备电致发光器件中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:将权利要求1-5任一项所述的非共轭连接的空间电荷转移热活化延迟荧光材料作为发光染料或敏化剂或主体材料制备电致发光器件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于:将权利要求1-5任一项所述的非共轭连接的空间电荷转移热活化延迟荧光材料用作发光染料掺杂在主体材料中,应用于制备电致发光器件的发光功能层;
或将权利要求1-5任一项所述的非共轭连接的空间电荷转移热活化延迟荧光材料用作敏化剂掺杂在主体材料中,同时掺杂发光染料,应用于制备电致发光器件的发光功能层;
或将权利要求1-5任一项所述的非共轭连接的空间电荷转移热活化延迟荧光材料用作主体材料,同时掺杂发光染料,应用于制备电致发光器件的发光功能层。
9.一种电致发光器件,其特征在于:包括阳极、阴极以及位于两电极之间的空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光功能层、激子阻挡层、电子传输层,所述发光功能层中包含权利要求1-5任一项所述的非共轭连接的空间电荷转移热活化延迟荧光材料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电致发光器件,其特征在于:还包括有机功能层。
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