CN109999181A - 一种胰岛素的修饰改性方法 - Google Patents

一种胰岛素的修饰改性方法 Download PDF

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CN109999181A
CN109999181A CN201910190552.6A CN201910190552A CN109999181A CN 109999181 A CN109999181 A CN 109999181A CN 201910190552 A CN201910190552 A CN 201910190552A CN 109999181 A CN109999181 A CN 109999181A
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冯岸超
潘翔宇
沈家锋
汤华燊
张立群
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种胰岛素的修饰改性方法,采用化学耦合将水溶性聚合物与胰岛素通过共价键键合的方式结合,先将胰岛素溶解于溶剂中,加入三乙胺、二叔丁基二碳酸酯搅拌反应,经冷冻干燥、分离得到产物A。再将水溶性聚合物单体溶解于溶剂中,加入RAFT试剂和引发剂反应得到产物B。称取产物A,产物B,加入溶剂三乙胺,经透析、冷冻干燥得产物C,将产物C溶解于水中,加入三氟乙酸反应,经透析后冷冻干燥得到聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体产物D。本发明化学修饰的胰岛素通过水溶性聚合物保护胰岛素在胃肠道环境不被酶和酸性环境降解失活,有效抑制胃肠道消化酶的降解,产物性质稳定。

Description

一种胰岛素的修饰改性方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种胰岛素的修饰改性方法,通过水溶性聚合物保护胰岛素在胃肠道环境不被酶和酸性环境降解失活。解决了注射胰岛素所带来的副作用、并发症等问题。该方法制备的产品适用于糖尿病患者。
背景技术
近年来,随着虽然人们生活质量在不断提高,糖尿病患者也逐年增多。胰岛素是胰腺β细胞分泌的人体内唯一具有降低血液中糖含量的一种重要蛋白类激素。由胰岛素无法正常分泌导致病人无法正常代谢糖类成分的疾病称为糖尿病,主要有一型糖尿病和二型糖尿病两种,一型糖尿病患者自身无法正常分泌胰岛素对胰岛素具有长期的依赖性,需要通过长期的注射胰岛素制剂满足正常的生活。
当前,糖尿病治疗主要采用针剂形式,下脂肪萎缩、病人依从性差等问题。开发有效的胰岛素非注射给药制剂成为研究的方向,其中口服胰岛素成为广大研究人员的研究热点。同时,病患每天需要注射一次或者两次。长期的注射对病人的身体和心理都造成了极大的影响,导致病人的依从性低和许多并发症,使病人的生活质量低。
采用聚合物改性、高分子载体材料为胰岛素制剂提供了新的研究方法和思路,但依然有很多问题需要解决。性能较好的胰岛素制剂应具有以下特点:①较好的药物分散性,促进体内吸收;②增加膜通透性和靶向性;③抑制胃肠道消化酶的降解;④延长胰岛素体内作用时间,具有缓释作用;⑤提高药物的生物利用度;⑥载体材料廉价易得并无毒副作用。
本发明采用化学修饰的方法对胰岛素进行保护,胰岛素A1位点影响着胰岛素的生物活性不能被修饰。为了得到具有生物活性的胰岛素聚合物耦合体需要对胰岛素的氨基位点首先进行选择性保护。再对胰岛素进行特定位点的修饰。此方法的目的是通过水溶性聚合物保护胰岛素在胃肠道环境不被酶和酸性环境降解失活。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种胰岛素的修饰改性方法,采用化学耦合将水溶性聚合物与胰岛素通过共价键键合的方式结合,先将胰岛素溶解于溶剂中,加入三乙胺、二叔丁基二碳酸酯搅拌反应,经冷冻干燥、分离得到产物A。再将水溶性聚合物单体溶解于溶剂中,加入RAFT试剂和引发剂反应得到产物B。称取产物A,产物B,加入溶剂三乙胺,经透析、冷冻干燥得产物C,将产物C溶解于水中,加入三氟乙酸反应,经透析后冷冻干燥得到聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体产物D。本发明制备的口服胰岛素通过水溶性聚合物保护胰岛素在胃肠道环境不被酶和酸性环境降解失活,有效抑制胃肠道消化酶的降解,产物性质稳定。
解决本发明的工艺采用如下步骤:一种胰岛素的修饰改性方法,其特征在于:采用化学耦合将水溶性聚合物与胰岛素通过共价键键合的方式结合对胰岛素进行改性,包括如下步骤:
(1)将胰岛素溶解于溶剂中,加入三乙胺调节酸碱度至pH为4~9,以上述胰岛素与三乙胺的摩尔比为5:1~10:1。加入胰岛素质量的1~10%的二叔丁基二碳酸酯在常温下搅拌10~60min。之后加入乙酸和水比为0.1~1的混合溶剂停止反应。冷冻干燥用水与乙腈比为0.1~1的混合溶液溶解通过C4的高效液相色谱柱分离得到产物A。
(2)将水溶性聚合物单体溶解于DMAc溶液中,再加入单体质量的10~40%的RAFT试剂和单体质量0.01~0.1%的AIBN,摇匀转移入杨氏试管中,冷冻抽排2~5次后放于50-70℃油浴锅反应10~24h后通空气降温停止反应标记为产物B。
(3)称取产物A,产物B,两者摩尔比为1~10,加入三乙胺调节pH值,以上述产物A与三乙胺的摩尔比为5:1~10:1,加入DMSO溶解在20~50℃条件下反应10-30h,经透析、冷冻干燥得产物C。
(4)将产物C溶解于水中,加入产物C质量的10~50%三氟乙酸进行反应1~10h,经透析后冷冻干燥得到聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体产物D。
所述的胰岛素为猪型、牛型、人型以及通过生物工程方法合成的胰岛素。
所述的胰岛素溶解的溶剂为水,缓冲溶液,DMSO,DMF等。
所述的RAFT试剂为含有羧基,羟基,氰基及在此基础上活化后的RAFT试剂。主要为2-氰基-2-丙基苯并二硫、S-正十二烷基-S′-(2-甲基-2-丙酸基)三硫代碳酸酯、S-乙基-S′-(2-甲基-2-丙酸基)三硫代碳酸酯、1-琥珀酰亚胺-4-氨基-4-(N-甲基-N-4-吡啶氨基甲硫酸硫酯)戊酸。
所述的单体溶解溶剂可以为DMF,DMSO,DMAc,甲醇,乙醇,二氧六环,乙腈,四氢呋喃,丙酮,二氯甲烷。
所述的引发剂可以为偶氮类引发剂,过氧化物引发剂。偶氮类引发剂主要为偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐、偶氮二异丁咪唑啉盐酸盐、偶氮二异丁咪唑啉盐酸盐、偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉、偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈、偶氮异丁氰基甲酰胺;过氧化物引发剂主要为过氧化氢、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化苯甲酰叔丁酯、过氧化甲乙酮。
所述的水溶性聚合物为甲基丙烯酸脂类、丙烯酸酯类、聚乙二醇类、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮类,其中所述的甲基丙烯酸脂类主要有:聚2-甲氨基丙烯酰胺、聚-2-甲基-2-丙烯酸-2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙酯;丙烯酸酯类:丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、2-甲基丙烯酸甲酯和2-甲基丙烯酸乙酯等。
所述的反应得到的聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体D,其结构式如(1)所示:
由于较大分子量的聚合物与胰岛素之间通过亲疏水,静电,酸碱性等相互作用,从而会对胰岛素进行一个包裹,起到保护胰岛素的效果。
本申请所采用的对胰岛素进行化学修饰方法,是提高胰岛素稳定性的一种非常有效的手段。本申请提出的聚合物可以保护胰岛素不会在胃肠恶劣的环境中失活,而且还需要促进胰岛素在小肠中的吸收,可用以制备口服胰岛素。
本发明的有益效果
一种胰岛素的修饰改性方法,此法的优点在于:
1)避免了注射胰岛素所带来的副作用、并发症等问题;
2)化学修饰改性的胰岛素有较好的药物分散性,促进体内吸收;
3)化学修饰改性的胰岛素的靶向性强;
4)抑制胃肠道消化酶的降解;延长胰岛素体内作用时间,具有缓释作用。
附图说明
图1是胰岛素修饰后SDS-PAGE数据;
具体实施方式
实施例1
将1g猪胰岛素溶解在10ml的DMSO中,加入1.0ml的三乙胺。加入84mg的二叔丁基二碳酸酯在常温下搅拌30min。之后加入14ml的乙酸和100ml的水的混合溶剂停止反应。冷冻干燥用摩尔比2:3的水与乙腈的混合溶液溶解通过C4的色谱柱分离得到产物A。
称取HPMA单体1.0250g,RAFT试剂2-氰基-2-丙基苯并二硫0.234g,0.0769g质量浓度为1%的AIBN溶剂,溶于2.5513g的DMAc中,摇匀转移入杨氏试管中,冷冻抽排4次后放于70℃油浴锅反应24h后通空气降温停止反应标记为B。
分别称取产物B 0.62g与50mg的产物A,加入2ml三乙胺,再加入10mlDMSO在25℃10h后透析掉小分子冷冻干燥得聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体0.67gC。
将0.67g产物C溶解于10ml水中,加入0.067g三氟乙酸进行反应10h,经透析后冷冻干燥得到聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体产物D,经凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)的测试,通过显色后发现修饰后胰岛素的印迹,成功完成修饰改性。
实施例2
将1g猪胰岛素溶解在10ml的DMF中,加入1.0ml的三乙胺。加入60mg的二叔丁基二碳酸酯在常温下搅拌60min。之后加入15ml的乙酸和100ml的水的混合溶剂停止反应。冷冻干燥用摩尔比为2:3的水与乙腈的混合溶液溶解通过C4的色谱柱分离得到产物A。
称取丙烯酸甲酯1.52g,RAFT-NHS 0.356g,过硫酸铵0.06g,溶于3.5g的乙腈中,摇匀转移入杨氏试管中,冷冻抽排3次后放于50℃油浴锅反应18h后通空气降温停止反应标记为B。
分别称取产物B0.75g与50mg的产物A,加入1ml三乙胺,再加入10mlDMSO在室温25℃10h后透析掉小分子冷冻干燥得聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体0.8gC。
将0.8g产物C溶解于10ml水中,加入0.09g三氟乙酸进行反应1h,经透析后冷冻干燥得到聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体产物D,经凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)的测试,通过显色后发现修饰后胰岛素的印迹,成功完成修饰改性。
实施例3
将1g猪胰岛素溶解在10ml的水中,加入1.0ml的三乙胺。加入65mg的二叔丁基二碳酸酯在常温下搅拌50min。之后加入25ml的乙酸和100ml的水的混合溶剂停止反应。冷冻干燥用摩尔比2:3的水与乙腈的混合溶液溶解通过C4的色谱柱分离得到产物A。
称取-甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体1.25g,RAFT试剂S-乙基-S′-(2-甲基-2-丙酸基)三硫代碳酸酯0.234g,0.085g质量份数为1%的偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉溶剂,溶于3.5g的乙醇中,摇匀转移入杨氏试管中,冷冻抽排5次后放于65℃油浴锅反应10h后通空气降温停止反应标记为B。
分别称取产物B0.9g与50mg的产物A,加入3ml三乙胺,再加入10mlDMSO在室温25℃10h后透析掉小分子冷冻干燥得聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体0.95gC。
将0.87g产物C溶解于10ml水中,加入0.12g三氟乙酸进行反应1h,经透析后冷冻干燥得到聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体产物D,经凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)的测试,通过显色后发现修饰后胰岛素的印迹,成功完成修饰改性。
实施例4
将1g猪胰岛素溶解在10ml的DMSO中,加入1.0ml的三乙胺。加入55mg的二叔丁基二碳酸酯在常温下搅拌45min。之后加入12ml的乙酸和100ml的水的混合溶剂停止反应。冷冻干燥用摩尔比1:3的水与乙腈的混合溶液溶解通过C4的色谱柱分离得到产物A。
称取聚-2-甲基-2-丙烯酸-2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙酯1.25g,RAFT试剂1-琥珀酰亚胺-4-氨基-4-(N-甲基-N-4-吡啶氨基甲硫酸硫酯)戊酸0.214g,0.085g质量份数为2%的过氧化苯甲酰叔丁酯溶剂,溶于3.2g的DMF中,摇匀转移入杨氏试管中,冷冻抽排4次后放于55℃油浴锅反应15h后通空气降温停止反应标记为B。
称取产物B0.78g与50mg的产物A,加入1.5ml三乙胺,12mlDMSO在40℃条件下反应18h,透析掉小分子冷冻干燥得聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体0.83gC。
将0.83g产物C溶解于10ml水中,加入0.1g三氟乙酸进行反应1h,经透析后冷冻干燥得到聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体产物D,经凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)的测试,通过显色后发现修饰后胰岛素的印迹,成功完成修饰改性。
实施例5
将1g猪胰岛素溶解在10ml的DMSO中,加入1.0ml的三乙胺。加入60mg的二叔丁基二碳酸酯在常温下搅拌35min。之后加入16ml的乙酸和100ml的水的混合溶剂停止反应。冷冻干燥用摩尔比为2:3的水与乙腈的混合溶液溶解通过C4的色谱柱分离得到产物A。
称取2-甲基丙烯酸甲酯1.12g,RAFT试剂2-氰基-2-丙基苯并二硫0.244g,0.076g质量份数1%的过氧化苯甲酰溶剂,溶于3.0g的二氧六环中,摇匀转移入杨氏试管中,冷冻抽排5次后放于66℃油浴锅反应10h后通空气降温停止反应标记为B。
称取产物B0.8g与50mg的产物A,加入0.5ml三乙胺,15mlDMSO在50℃条件下反应10h,透析掉小分子冷冻干燥得聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体0.85gC。
将0.85g产物C溶解于10ml水中,加入0.15g三氟乙酸进行反应4h,经透析后冷冻干燥得到聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体产物D,经凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)的测试,通过显色后发现修饰后胰岛素的印迹,成功完成修饰改性。

Claims (9)

1.一种胰岛素的修饰改性方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将胰岛素溶解于溶剂中,加入三乙胺调节pH,以上述胰岛素与三乙胺的摩尔比为5:1~10:1;加入胰岛素质量的1~10%的二叔丁基二碳酸酯在常温下搅拌10~60min;之后加入胰岛素质量50-150%的乙酸和水混合溶剂停止反应,乙酸与水摩尔比为0.1~1;冷冻干燥用水与乙腈摩尔比为0.1~1的混合溶液溶解通过C4的液相色谱柱分离得到产物A;
(2)将水溶性聚合物单体溶解于溶剂中,加入单体质量的10~40%的RAFT试剂和单体质量0.01~0.1%的引发剂,摇匀转移入杨氏试管中,冷冻抽排2~5次后放于50-70℃油浴锅反应10~24h后通空气降温停止反应标记为产物B;
(3)称取产物A,产物B,两者摩尔比为1~10,加入三乙胺调节pH值,以上述产物A与三乙胺的摩尔比为5:1~10:1,加入溶剂溶解在20~50℃条件下反应10-30h,经透析、冷冻干燥得产物C;
(4)将产物C溶解于水中,加入产物C质量的10~50%三氟乙酸进行反应1~10h,经透析后冷冻干燥得到聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体产物D。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的胰岛素为猪型、牛型、人型或者通过生物工程方法合成的胰岛素。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的胰岛素溶解的溶剂为水,DMSO或DMF。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的RAFT试剂为含有羧基、羟基、氰基基团之一的RAFT试剂或在此基础上活化后的RAFT试剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的单体溶解溶剂为DMF,DMSO,DMAc,甲醇,乙醇,二氧六环,乙腈,四氢呋喃,丙酮,二氯甲烷。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的引发剂为偶氮类引发剂或过氧化物引发剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的水溶性聚合物为甲基丙烯酸脂类、丙烯酸酯类、聚乙二醇类或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮类。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的甲基丙烯酸脂类包括:聚2-甲氨基丙烯酰胺、聚-2-甲基-2-丙烯酸-2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙酯;丙烯酸酯类:丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、2-甲基丙烯酸甲酯或2-甲基丙烯酸乙酯。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:反应得到的聚合物与胰岛素的耦合体D,其结构式如(1)所示
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