CN109997568B - Winter-warm greenhouse and winter continuous broad bean picking planting method based on same - Google Patents
Winter-warm greenhouse and winter continuous broad bean picking planting method based on same Download PDFInfo
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- CN109997568B CN109997568B CN201910420083.2A CN201910420083A CN109997568B CN 109997568 B CN109997568 B CN 109997568B CN 201910420083 A CN201910420083 A CN 201910420083A CN 109997568 B CN109997568 B CN 109997568B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1407—Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
- A01G9/227—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like rolled up during non-use
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/243—Collecting solar energy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/245—Conduits for heating by means of liquids, e.g. used as frame members or for soil heating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
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Abstract
The invention discloses a winter-warm greenhouse and a winter continuous broad bean picking and planting method based on the same, and belongs to the technical field of broad bean planting, wherein the winter-warm greenhouse comprises a greenhouse main body, a heat preservation wall arranged on the side surface of the greenhouse and a solar heat storage and heating component arranged beside the heat preservation wall, wherein the solar heat storage and heating component comprises a black PC (polycarbonate) endurance plate for absorbing solar heat energy and heating water, a water collecting tank for collecting hot water and a water pump arranged on one side of the water collecting tank; the lower part in the greenhouse main body is provided with a retractable heat insulation assembly, the heat insulation assembly comprises a heat insulation cushion layer and a water distribution hose bound on the heat insulation cushion layer, and the starting end and the tail end of the water distribution hose are respectively and correspondingly connected with a water pump and a water collection tank; the planting method comprises the steps of building a greenhouse warm in winter, transplanting in due time, controlling and managing the temperature of the greenhouse, pruning and topping, managing fertilizer and water, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, picking in time and the like. The invention realizes the purpose of continuously podding broad beans in winter and marketing broad beans, and can meet the demand of people on eating the fresh broad beans before and after spring festival.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of broad bean planting, in particular to a winter-warm greenhouse and a method for planting broad beans picked uninterruptedly in winter based on the same.
Background
Broad beans belong to unlimited flowering habits, have great yield potential, and have the advantages of increased early-sowing pod-bearing number, higher fresh weight of single pod and obvious yield increase in the application range. The fresh broad beans are favored by people in the prior art, the bud seedlings which are artificially vernalized are adopted for transplanting, the picking period can be prolonged from 5-7 days to 20-30 days for batch picking, and the fresh broad beans are more popular with citizens due to large temperature difference between day and night, high sugar content, slight sweetness and better palatability. Meanwhile, the straws of the broad beans are buried and returned to the field, so that the soil fertility can be improved, the fertilizer usage amount of the succeeding fruits and vegetables can be reduced, and the nitrogen fixation effect of the broad bean rhizobia can also play an ecological effect of purifying the soil environment, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the quality of the succeeding fruits and vegetables.
Broad bean facility cultivation is a great innovation on broad bean planting modes in recent years, and the emergence of broad bean vernalization technology provides possibility for promoting early cultivation of broad beans in facilities. At the beginning of the development of broad bean vernalization technology, the facility broad beans develop rapidly and can be called as 'Feiyou upwards'. However, enterprises planted for four or five years are not planted any more, so that loss is common, the planting area is greatly reduced, and particularly, the phenomenon of 'one-time sowing' occurs in the autumn and winter of 2018. The reason is mainly caused by immaturity and incompleteness of related technologies, and the fresh broad bean pods can be eaten in winter only by vernalized broad bean seedlings and common plastic greenhouses in Jiangsu and Zhejiang river. In fact, the common plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse is used for planting the vernalized broad beans, a certain amount of fresh bean pods can be harvested before winter, but the yield generally does not exceed 100 kilograms, at the moment, the broad beans already enter the full bloom stage, after winter, because the common multi-span greenhouse cannot meet the temperature required by the pod growth of the broad beans in winter, a large number of bloomed flowers cannot be subjected to pod formation, young pods cannot continue to grow and form a root, even some enterprises can catch up early blindly, in order to come to market during the spring festival, the mode of adding mulching films in three greenhouses is not used, the heat preservation and the growth promotion are carried out, so that the broad beans bloom in winter are in a large amount, after winter, because the pod formation temperature is insufficient, the phenomenon of 'flowers but not pods' occurs, the flowers are mostly ineffective flowers, no flowers exist in the later period, after winter, the cold resistance of the broad beans after flowering is reduced, when cold tides come, a large amount of the stems and leaves are frozen, the yield is very low, and the time of marketing is not early or late. As the spring broad beans are mostly planted in the single greenhouse and the multi-span greenhouse in production, the heating and heat preservation effects of the two facilities in cold winter are very limited, the temperature requirement of 18-25 ℃ required by pod formation and growth of the broad beans cannot be met, although the spring technology exists, the market of fresh broad bean pods in winter cannot be realized, and the development of the fresh broad bean industry is limited.
At present, the existing greenhouse warm in winter is all that to set up heat preservation facility inside and outside the chamber wall and on the shed roof, if disclose a greenhouse warm in winter solar energy heat-retaining heating device in the patent of grant publication No. CN 208080051U, it includes: the solar heat-storage and temperature-increasing greenhouse comprises a greenhouse, a heat-preservation wall arranged on the side surface of the greenhouse and a solar heat-storage and temperature-increasing component arranged beside the heat-preservation wall; the solar heat storage and temperature rise assembly comprises a black PC (polycarbonate) endurance plate, a black film, a water collection tank, a water pump and a connecting pipe, wherein the water collection tank is arranged at a corner of the heat insulation wall, one end of the black PC endurance plate is obliquely built on the heat insulation wall, the other end of the black PC endurance plate is arranged in the water collection tank, the water pump is arranged beside the water collection tank, and the water pump is connected with the water collection tank and one end of the black PC endurance plate through the connecting pipe; and a black film is arranged on the back of the black PC endurance plate. The utility model discloses a according to the endothermic principle of black and increase heated area, the mode that the water pump circulates slowly to the water carries out circulation heating to the temperature that lets the water can reach the highest temperature and the storage that can the longer time, thereby improves the minimum temperature at night of warm big-arch shelter in winter greatly. However, it has the following problems: plants in the greenhouse only exist in a small space at the lower part, and the greenhouse warm in winter keeps the heat of the inner space of the whole greenhouse, so that more heat is needed, and the temperature requirement for pod growing required by the broad beans is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a winter-warm greenhouse and a winter continuous broad bean picking and planting method based on the winter-warm greenhouse, wherein the winter-warm greenhouse with a special structure is used for planting the vernalized broad beans, so that the lower space of the greenhouse can be effectively insulated, the required heat is greatly reduced, and the required heat can be ensured to be met; the purpose of continuously podding broad beans in winter and marketing the broad beans is realized, and the requirement of people on eating the fresh broad beans before and after spring festival can be met.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a winter-warming greenhouse comprises a greenhouse main body, a heat-insulating wall arranged on the side surface of the greenhouse main body, and a solar heat-storage and temperature-increasing component arranged beside the heat-insulating wall, wherein the solar heat-storage and temperature-increasing component comprises a black PC (polycarbonate) endurance plate for absorbing solar heat and heating water, a water collecting tank for collecting hot water and a water pump arranged on one side of the water collecting tank; the lower part of the side of the water collecting tank in the greenhouse main body is provided with a winding shaft parallel to the side of the greenhouse main body, two ends of the winding shaft are both sleeved with mounting blocks fixed on the greenhouse main body in a clearance manner, a heat insulation pad assembly is wound on the winding shaft and comprises a heat insulation cushion layer and a water distribution hose, the heat insulation cushion layer stretches across between two connected sides of the side of the water collecting tank in the greenhouse main body, the water distribution hose is bound on the lower surface of the heat insulation cushion layer, the water inlet end of the water distribution hose is connected with a water pump, and the water outlet end of the water distribution hose is communicated with the water collecting tank;
the greenhouse is characterized in that wire levers driven by a forward and reverse rotating motor and perpendicular to the winding shaft are arranged below two ends of the winding shaft respectively, two ends of each wire lever are connected with the side and the opposite side of a water collecting groove of a greenhouse main body respectively through bearings, two sliding blocks which are relatively flat are sleeved on the two wire levers respectively, two guide sliding rails parallel to the wire levers are arranged on the greenhouse main body on the opposite side of the wire levers, limiting blocks which can only slide in the corresponding side guide sliding rails are fixed on the sliding blocks, a straight rod is connected between the two sliding blocks, two ends of the straight rod are fixed on the sliding blocks respectively through connecting plates, one end of a heat insulation cushion layer is fixed on the winding shaft, and the other end of the heat insulation cushion layer is fixed on.
Furthermore, the water distribution hose extends in an S-shaped roundabout manner from the side of the water collection tank to the opposite side of the water collection tank and then extends in a linear type and reverse direction to the side of the water collection tank. The part of the water distribution hose which is distributed in an S shape can be distributed over the heat preservation soft cushion more densely, so that heat can be uniformly released to the space below the heat preservation cushion; the part of the water distribution hose which is distributed in a linear shape is convenient for the rapid backflow of the water body.
Furthermore, a plurality of pulling ropes parallel to the wire levers are uniformly arranged on the bottom surface of the heat-insulating cushion layer, and the connecting parts of the pulling ropes and the water distribution hoses are bound together. The arrangement is convenient for binding and dismantling the water distribution hose relative to the heat insulation cushion layer, and is favorable for maintaining the distribution form of the water distribution hose.
Furthermore, the positive and negative rotation motor is arranged in the middle of the side, corresponding to the water collecting tank, of the greenhouse main body, two driving belt wheels are fixedly sleeved on an output shaft of the positive and negative rotation motor, a driven belt wheel is fixedly sleeved on the side, corresponding to the positive and negative rotation motor, of the wire lever, and a driving belt connected with one driving belt wheel is wound on each of the two driven belt wheels. The positive and negative rotation motor is arranged in the middle of the screw rod, so that the stability of the structure is maintained, and the driving synchronism of the two screw rods is good.
Furthermore, at least one end of the winding shaft is fixed with at least two handles extending along the radial direction of the winding shaft at equal intervals along the circumference of the winding shaft. When the heat preservation assembly is retracted, the heat preservation assembly can be conveniently and manually rolled due to the fact that the rolling shaft is in unpowered driving and is automatically rolled.
The invention also provides a winter continuous picking broad bean planting method based on the winter warm greenhouse, which comprises the following steps:
s1, construction of a greenhouse warm in winter: selecting a land block with high and cool terrain, smooth land, soil organic matter content of more than 1.0 percent and a perfect drip irrigation system as a building land for a winter-warm greenhouse; the greenhouse generally adopts soil, cement poles, plastic films and heat-insulating cotton blankets as construction materials; the winter-heating greenhouse is built by adopting a method of sitting north to south, high north to south and low north, facing the sun on a slope and semi-underground and semi-overground, wherein the north wall is 4-5 meters high and is formed by piling up soil, and the thickness of the wall is more than 1 meter; the south wall is surrounded by a plastic film with the thickness of 0.08-0.12 mm, the height of the wall is 1-1.5 m, and a heat-preservation quilt is hung outside; the side walls are formed by piling up soil, the thickness of the side walls is more than 1 meter, and a building structure with a slope and a sunny side is formed; the length of the greenhouse is 140-150 meters, and the width is 6-7 meters;
s2, timely transplanting: transplanting the broad bean seedlings which are vernalized from 3 to 5 leaves for transplanting from 10 middle ten days to 11 middle and last ten days of the month, wherein the row spacing of the transplanting is 90-120 cm, the plant spacing is 35-45 cm, and the transplanting depth is 3-5 cm; broad bean seedlings transplanted in 10 months can be transplanted without mulching films, and after 11 months, the broad bean seedlings can be transplanted with mulching films to accelerate the development process; continuously watering for 2 to 3 days after the transplanting is finished, wherein the watering amount of each plant is 200 to 400 milliliters each time;
s3, greenhouse temperature control management: the method comprises the following three stages:
a. in the stage of normal temperature survival, the temperature is higher in the early stage of transplanting, and the greenhouse film is kept in a normally open state without closing the greenhouse;
b. a heat preservation and growth promotion stage, wherein when the highest air temperature in the daytime is reduced to 15 ℃ and the lowest air temperature in the night is reduced to 3 ℃, the greenhouse is covered for heat preservation at night, the greenhouse is opened day by night, and the temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 10 ℃ and 22 ℃ and is not more than 25 ℃; under the condition of sunny weather, when the temperature in the shed exceeds 15 ℃ at 9-10 am, an air opening is opened, and the temperature is reduced and the humidity is dissipated; closing the greenhouse in time when the temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 15 ℃ at 2-4 pm;
c. in the stage of sealing the greenhouse and keeping the temperature for long pods, after the greenhouse enters cold winter, when the highest temperature in the daytime is less than 10 ℃ and the temperature at night is lower than zero, closing the greenhouse and keeping the temperature without opening the greenhouse, simultaneously starting a forward and reverse rotating motor at night to spread the heat-preservation components to cover the broad bean plants, starting a water pump, introducing hot water in a water collecting tank into a water distribution hose, preventing heat from being emitted upwards by a heat-preservation cushion layer, and intensively releasing the heat into a space below the heat-preservation cushion layer; cotton blankets are covered on the outer sides of the plastic films of the shed roof and the front wall for heat preservation, the cotton blankets on the shed roof are removed in the daytime for temperature increase, the black PC endurance plate absorbs solar heat energy and heats water, and hot water is collected in the water collecting tank; the time for removing the cotton blanket in the morning is not earlier than 9 o 'clock, and the time for covering the cotton blanket in the afternoon is not later than 3 o' clock; after beginning spring, when the highest temperature rises to above 15 ℃ in the daytime and the lowest temperature rises to above 3 ℃ at night, the greenhouse adopts a management method of day-to-night switching, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 10 ℃ and 22 ℃ and does not exceed 25 ℃, and ventilation is increased when the temperature exceeds 25 ℃;
s4, pruning and topping: timely pinching off the main stem after the broad beans are planted and alive to promote the growth of branches, wherein the main stem pinching off method comprises the steps of pinching off 4-5 cm of the upper part of the main stem and reserving 4-5 cm of the base part when the plant height of the broad beans is 8-10 cm; when the broad beans enter the full-bloom stage and bloom for 3-4 machines generally, carrying out thinning and leaving 7-8 branches for a single plant; when the inflorescence is opened to the 11 th station, starting to pick the top, picking one leaf and one heart each time, and finally reserving 8-9 inflorescences;
s5, fertilizer and water management: 20-25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer with the total content of N-P-K of 45% is applied to each mu of base fertilizer, and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate is applied to each mu of base fertilizer; applying 5-15 kg of podding fertilizer to each mu after blooming, wherein the podding fertilizer mainly comprises nitrogen fertilizer; the irrigation management is that in the growth period of the broad beans, if the soil is dry and has cracks or leaves are withered for a short time before and after noon, the soil is irrigated for 1-2 times by drip irrigation;
s6, disease and pest control: broad bean diseases mainly comprise gray mold, downy mildew and red spot, and are sprayed on broad bean plants in a spraying manner after being diluted by 1000 times of 800 plus materials by adding water into 40 percent of Miao dichlord or 72 percent of cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder; broad bean pests are mainly aphids and plant hoppers, and are sprayed on broad bean plants in a spraying manner after being diluted 2500 times by 10 percent imidacloprid and water;
s7, picking fresh bean pods in time: the broad beans are unlimited inflorescences, can be pod-bearing while flowering, can be pod-bearing when the bases are firstly flowering, and can be picked in time when the broad beans grow to be full and the hands are hard. If the pods are picked untimely, the pods become old and unsuitable for fresh eating, and the growth of the upper pods is also influenced.
3. Advantageous effects
(1) The lower part in the greenhouse warm in winter provided by the invention is provided with a heat insulation assembly which is folded and unfolded through a screw rod slide block structure, the heat insulation assembly comprises a heat insulation cushion layer and a water distribution hose which is bound on the heat insulation cushion layer, and the starting end and the tail end of the water distribution hose are respectively and correspondingly connected with a water pump and a water collection tank. Night when winter, start positive reverse motor and expand the subassembly that keeps warm and lay in crops plant top, start the hot water of water pump in with the water catch bowl simultaneously and let in the water distribution hose, the heat preservation bed course prevents that the heat from upwards giving off, the heat is concentrated and is released in the space of heat preservation bed course below, crops plant place space intensifies fastly, the heat preservation effect to plant place space is effectively exert, compare for whole big-arch shelter heat preservation among the prior art, the required heat has significantly reduced, thereby can guarantee to satisfy required heat.
(2) The broad bean planting method provided by the invention is based on the warm-in-winter greenhouse, and comprises the steps of building the warm-in-winter greenhouse, transplanting in time, controlling and managing greenhouse temperature, pruning and topping, managing fertilizer and water, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, picking in time and the like, so that the temperature requirement required by flowering and pod bearing of the broad beans can be met in cold winter, the phenomenon that the broad beans bloom and pod bearing do not occur like using a common multi-span greenhouse or a single greenhouse, and the purpose that the broad beans are on the market without continuous pod bearing in winter is realized; the method can really realize that the time for putting the fresh broad bean pods into the market is from 4-5 months in the past every year to the time before and after the spring festival, and meet the requirements of people before and after the spring festival on eating the fresh broad beans; the problem that vernalized broad beans are planted in common greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses in the past and bloom and pod bearing are avoided due to insufficient temperature in winter can be solved, the market vacancy of fresh pods of broad beans in winter is filled, the requirement of people for continuously improving life is met, and the method has good social benefit.
In conclusion, the springy broad beans are planted in the winter-warming greenhouse with the special structure, so that the lower space of the greenhouse can be effectively insulated, the required heat is greatly reduced, and the required heat can be met; the purpose of continuously podding broad beans in winter and marketing the broad beans is realized, and the requirement of people on eating the fresh broad beans before and after spring festival can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a structure of a greenhouse, wherein the thermal insulation assembly is in an unfolded state;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a section a-a in fig. 1.
Reference numerals: 1. a winding shaft; 2. a heat-insulating cushion layer; 3. a water distribution hose; 4. a positive and negative rotation motor; 5. a wire lever; 6. a slider; 7. a guide rail; 8. a limiting block; 9. a straight rod; 10. a water collection tank; 11. a pulling rope; 12. a driving pulley; 13. a driven pulley; 14. a transmission belt; 15. A handle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the winter-warming greenhouse comprises a greenhouse main body, a heat-insulating wall arranged on the side surface of the greenhouse main body, and a solar heat-storage warming component arranged beside the heat-insulating wall, wherein the solar heat-storage warming component comprises a black PC endurance plate for absorbing solar heat and heating water, a water collecting tank 10 for collecting hot water, and a water pump (not shown in the figure) arranged on one side of the water collecting tank 10; the lower part of the side of the water collecting tank 10 in the greenhouse main body is provided with a winding shaft 1 parallel to the side of the greenhouse main body, two ends of the winding shaft 1 are both intermittently sleeved with mounting blocks fixed on the greenhouse main body, a heat insulation pad assembly is wound on the winding shaft 1, the heat insulation pad assembly comprises a heat insulation cushion layer 2 stretching across the two sides connected with the side of the water collecting tank 10 in the greenhouse main body and a water distribution hose 3 bound on the lower surface of the heat insulation cushion layer 2, the water inlet end of the water distribution hose 3 is connected with a water pump, and the water outlet end of the water distribution hose 3 is communicated with the water collecting tank 10;
the greenhouse is characterized in that wire levers 5 which are perpendicular to the winding shaft 1 and driven by a forward and reverse rotating motor 4 are arranged below two ends of the winding shaft 1 respectively, two ends of each wire lever 5 are connected with the side and the opposite side of a water collecting tank 10 of a greenhouse main body through bearings respectively, a relatively flat sliding block 6 is sleeved on each wire lever 5 respectively, a guide sliding rail 7 which is parallel to each wire lever 5 is arranged on each greenhouse main body on the opposite side of each wire lever 5, a limiting block 8 which can only slide in the corresponding side guide sliding rail 7 is fixed on each sliding block 6, a straight rod 9 is connected between the sliding blocks 6, two ends of each straight rod 9 are fixed on the corresponding sliding blocks 6 through connecting plates respectively, one end of each heat insulation cushion layer 2 is fixed on the winding shaft 1, and the other end of each heat insulation cushion layer is fixed.
In this embodiment, the water distribution hose 3 extends from the side of the water collection tank 10 to the opposite side thereof in a winding manner in an "S" shape and then extends in a straight line shape to the opposite side of the water collection tank 10. The part of the water distribution hose 3 which is distributed in an S shape can be distributed more densely throughout the heat preservation soft cushion, so that heat can be uniformly released to the space below the heat preservation cushion; the part of the water distribution hose 3 which is distributed in a linear shape is convenient for the rapid backflow of the water body.
In this embodiment, a plurality of pulling ropes 11 parallel to the wire lever 5 are uniformly arranged on the bottom surface of the heat-insulating cushion layer 2, and the joints of the pulling ropes 11 and the water distribution hoses 3 are all bound together. The arrangement is convenient for binding and dismantling the water distribution hose 3 relative to the heat insulation cushion layer 2, and is favorable for maintaining the distribution form of the water distribution hose 3.
In this embodiment, the positive and negative rotation motor 4 is arranged in the middle of the side of the greenhouse main body corresponding to the water collecting tank 10, two driving belt wheels 12 are fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the positive and negative rotation motor 4, a driven belt wheel 13 is fixedly sleeved on the side of the wire lever 5 corresponding to the positive and negative rotation motor 4, and a driving belt 14 connected with one driving belt wheel 12 is respectively wound on each of the two driven belt wheels 13. The positive and negative rotation motor 4 is arranged in the middle and is beneficial to maintaining the stability of the structure, and the driving synchronism of the two screw levers 5 is better.
In this embodiment, at least one end of the winding shaft 1 is fixed with at least two handles 15 extending along the radial direction thereof at equal intervals along the circumference thereof. When the heat preservation component is retracted, the winding shaft 1 is in unpowered driving and is automatically wound, and the handle 15 is arranged to facilitate manual winding of the heat preservation component.
The winter continuous broad bean picking planting method based on the winter warm greenhouse comprises the following steps:
s1, construction of a greenhouse warm in winter: selecting a land block with high and cool terrain, smooth land, soil organic matter content of more than 1.0 percent and a perfect drip irrigation system as a building land for a winter-warm greenhouse; the greenhouse generally adopts soil, cement poles, plastic films and heat-insulating cotton blankets as construction materials; the winter-heating greenhouse is built by adopting a method of sitting north to south, high north to south and low north, facing the sun on a slope and semi-underground and semi-overground, wherein the north wall is 4-5 meters high and is formed by piling up soil, and the thickness of the wall is more than 1 meter; the south wall is surrounded by a plastic film with the thickness of 0.08-0.12 mm, the height of the wall is 1-1.5 m, and a heat-preservation quilt is hung outside; the side walls are formed by piling up soil, the thickness of the side walls is more than 1 meter, and a building structure with a slope and a sunny side is formed; the length of the greenhouse is 140-150 meters, and the width is 6-7 meters;
s2, timely transplanting: transplanting the broad bean seedlings which are vernalized from 3 to 5 leaves for transplanting from 10 middle ten days to 11 middle and last ten days of the month, wherein the row spacing of the transplanting is 90-120 cm, the plant spacing is 35-45 cm, and the transplanting depth is 3-5 cm; broad bean seedlings transplanted in 10 months can be transplanted without mulching films, and after 11 months, the broad bean seedlings can be transplanted with mulching films to accelerate the development process; continuously watering for 2 to 3 days after the transplanting is finished, wherein the watering amount of each plant is 200 to 400 milliliters each time;
s3, greenhouse temperature control management: the method comprises the following three stages:
a. in the stage of normal temperature survival, the temperature is higher in the early stage of transplanting, and the greenhouse film is kept in a normally open state without closing the greenhouse;
b. a heat preservation and growth promotion stage, wherein when the highest air temperature in the daytime is reduced to 15 ℃ and the lowest air temperature in the night is reduced to 3 ℃, the greenhouse is covered for heat preservation at night, the greenhouse is opened day by night, and the temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 10 ℃ and 22 ℃ and is not more than 25 ℃; under the condition of sunny weather, when the temperature in the shed exceeds 15 ℃ at 9-10 am, an air opening is opened, and the temperature is reduced and the humidity is dissipated; closing the greenhouse in time when the temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 15 ℃ at 2-4 pm;
c. in the stage of sealing the greenhouse and keeping the temperature for long pods, after the greenhouse enters cold winter, when the highest temperature in the daytime is less than 10 ℃ and the temperature at night is lower than zero, closing the greenhouse and keeping the temperature without opening the greenhouse, simultaneously starting a forward and reverse rotating motor 4 at night to spread the heat-preservation components to cover the broad bean plants, starting a water pump, introducing hot water in a water collecting tank into a water distribution hose 3, preventing heat from being emitted upwards by a heat-preservation cushion layer 2, and intensively releasing the heat into a space below the heat-preservation cushion layer 2; cotton blankets are covered on the outer sides of the plastic films of the shed roof and the front wall for heat preservation, the cotton blankets on the shed roof are removed in the daytime for temperature increase, the black PC endurance plate absorbs solar heat energy and heats water, and hot water is collected in the water collecting tank 10; the time for removing the cotton blanket in the morning is not earlier than 9 o 'clock, and the time for covering the cotton blanket in the afternoon is not later than 3 o' clock; after beginning spring, when the highest temperature rises to above 15 ℃ in the daytime and the lowest temperature rises to above 3 ℃ at night, the greenhouse adopts a management method of day-to-night switching, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 10 ℃ and 22 ℃ and does not exceed 25 ℃, and ventilation is increased when the temperature exceeds 25 ℃;
s4, pruning and topping: timely pinching off the main stem after the broad beans are planted and alive to promote the growth of branches, wherein the main stem pinching off method comprises the steps of pinching off 4-5 cm of the upper part of the main stem and reserving 4-5 cm of the base part when the plant height of the broad beans is 8-10 cm; when the broad beans enter the full-bloom stage and bloom for 3-4 machines generally, carrying out thinning and leaving 7-8 branches for a single plant; when the inflorescence is opened to the 11 th station, starting to pick the top, picking one leaf and one heart each time, and finally reserving 8-9 inflorescences;
s5, fertilizer and water management: 20-25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer with the total content of N-P-K of 45% is applied to each mu of base fertilizer, and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate is applied to each mu of base fertilizer; applying 5-15 kg of podding fertilizer to each mu after blooming, wherein the podding fertilizer mainly comprises nitrogen fertilizer; the irrigation management is that in the growth period of the broad beans, if the soil is dry and has cracks or leaves are withered for a short time before and after noon, the soil is irrigated for 1-2 times by drip irrigation;
s6, disease and pest control: broad bean diseases mainly comprise gray mold, downy mildew and red spot, and are sprayed on broad bean plants in a spraying manner after being diluted by 1000 times of 800 plus materials by adding water into 40 percent of Miao dichlord or 72 percent of cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder; broad bean pests are mainly aphids and plant hoppers, and are sprayed on broad bean plants in a spraying manner after being diluted 2500 times by 10 percent imidacloprid and water;
s7, picking fresh bean pods in time: the broad beans are unlimited inflorescences, can be pod-bearing while flowering, can be pod-bearing when the bases are firstly flowering, and can be picked in time when the broad beans grow to be full and the hands are hard. If the pods are picked untimely, the pods become old and unsuitable for fresh eating, and the growth of the upper pods is also influenced.
The specific action principle of the greenhouse warm in winter is as follows:
in cold winter and daytime under sunny weather conditions, the black PC endurance plate of the solar heat storage and temperature increasing assembly absorbs solar heat energy and heats water, and the water collecting tank 10 collects hot water and keeps the temperature; at night, the positive and negative rotation motor 4 is started to drive the driving belt wheel 12 to rotate, and then the driving belt wheel 13 is driven to rotate through the driving belt 14, so that the screw rod 5 is driven to rotate, the limiting block 8 only can move along the guide slide rail 7, the sliding block 6 moves to the opposite side of the water collection tank 10 along the screw rod 5, the straight rod 9 is driven to move along with the movement, and the heat preservation cushion 2 is spread and laid above the broad bean plants; the water pump is started simultaneously, hot water in the water collecting tank 10 is introduced into the water distribution hose 3, the heat insulation cushion layer 2 prevents heat from being emitted upwards, the heat is concentrated and released in the space below the heat insulation cushion layer 2, the temperature rise of the space where broad bean plants are located is quicker, the heat insulation effect of the space where the broad bean plants are located is effectively exerted, compared with the heat insulation effect of the whole greenhouse in the prior art, the required heat is greatly reduced, and therefore the requirement for the required heat can be met. In the daytime, the heat insulation assembly can be retracted to the side of the water collection tank 10 only by starting the forward and reverse rotating motor 4 in the reverse direction.
According to the method, the spring broad beans are planted in the winter-warm greenhouse with a special structure, the temperature in cold winter can meet the temperature requirement for flowering and pod bearing of the broad beans, the phenomenon that the broad beans bloom and do not bear pods like using a common multi-span greenhouse or a single greenhouse can be avoided, the purpose that the broad beans are continuously subjected to pod bearing and market in winter is realized, and the demand of people on eating the fresh broad beans before and after the spring festival is met;
the method has the advantages that the vernalized broad bean seedlings are planted in the greenhouse warm in winter, so that the time for putting the fresh broad bean pods into the market from 4-5 months in the past each year to the time before and after the spring festival is brought forward, the traditional supply time mode of broad beans in hundreds of years is changed, and the commodity value of the broad beans is remarkably improved; meanwhile, production enterprises can obtain better income, fresh broad bean pods can be harvested in a greenhouse of more than 1250 kg per mu, and the yield is more than 15000 yuan per mu;
if the mode of planting the vernalized broad bean seedlings in the greenhouse warm in winter can be rapidly popularized, the income of farmers can be obviously increased, and the requirement of modern agricultural planting structure adjustment is met. The problem that vernalized broad beans are planted in common greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses in the past and bloom and pod bearing are avoided due to insufficient temperature in winter can be solved, the market vacancy of fresh pods of broad beans in winter is filled, the requirement of people for continuously improving life is met, and the method has good social benefit.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be used as a limitation of the present invention, and that changes and modifications to the above embodiments are within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A winter-warming greenhouse comprises a greenhouse main body, a heat-insulating wall arranged on the side surface of the greenhouse main body, and a solar heat-storage and temperature-increasing component arranged beside the heat-insulating wall, wherein the solar heat-storage and temperature-increasing component comprises a black PC (polycarbonate) endurance plate for absorbing solar heat and heating water, a water collecting tank (10) for collecting hot water and a water pump arranged on one side of the water collecting tank (10); the greenhouse is characterized in that a winding shaft (1) parallel to the side of a greenhouse main body is arranged at the lower part of the side of a water collecting tank (10) in the greenhouse main body, mounting blocks fixed on the greenhouse main body are sleeved at two ends of the winding shaft (1) in a clearance manner, a heat insulation pad assembly is wound on the winding shaft (1), the heat insulation pad assembly comprises a heat insulation pad layer (2) stretching across the two sides connected with the side of the water collecting tank (10) in the greenhouse main body and a water distribution hose (3) bound on the lower surface of the heat insulation pad layer (2), the water inlet end of the water distribution hose (3) is connected with a water pump, and the water outlet end of the water distribution hose (3) is communicated with the water collecting tank (10);
the greenhouse is characterized in that a wire lever (5) which is perpendicular to the winding shaft (1) and driven by a forward and reverse rotating motor (4) is arranged below two ends of the winding shaft (1) respectively, two ends of the wire lever (5) are connected with the side where a water collecting tank (10) of a greenhouse main body is located and the opposite side of the water collecting tank through bearings respectively, two relatively flat sliding blocks (6) are sleeved on the two wire levers (5) respectively, guide sliding rails (7) which are parallel to the wire lever (5) are arranged on the greenhouse main body on the opposite sides of the two wire levers (5), limiting blocks (8) which can only slide in the corresponding guide sliding rails (7) are fixed on the sliding blocks (6), a straight rod (9) is connected between the two sliding blocks (6), two ends of the straight rod (9) are fixed on the sliding blocks (6) through connecting plates respectively, one end of a heat insulation cushion layer (2) is fixed on the winding, the other end is fixed on the straight rod (9).
2. The greenhouse of claim 1, wherein the water distribution hose (3) is extended from the side of the water collection tank (10) to the opposite side thereof in an S-shaped winding manner and then extended in a linear manner and in the opposite direction to the side of the water collection tank (10).
3. The greenhouse of claim 2, wherein a plurality of pulling ropes (11) parallel to the wire lever (5) are uniformly arranged on the bottom surface of the heat-insulating cushion layer (2), and the joints of the pulling ropes (11) and the water distribution hoses (3) are bound together.
4. The greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positive and negative rotation motor (4) is disposed in the middle of the greenhouse body corresponding to the side of the water collecting tank (10), two driving pulleys (12) are fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the positive and negative rotation motor (4), a driven pulley (13) is fixedly sleeved on the wire lever (5) corresponding to the side of the positive and negative rotation motor (4), and a transmission belt (14) connected with one driving pulley (12) is wound on each of the two driven pulleys (13).
5. A greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that at least one end of the winding shaft (1) is fixed with at least two handles (15) extending in the radial direction at equal intervals along its circumference.
6. The method for planting the broad beans picked uninterruptedly in winter in the warm winter greenhouse as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, construction of a greenhouse warm in winter: selecting a land block with high and cool terrain, smooth land, soil organic matter content of more than 1.0 percent and a perfect drip irrigation system as a building land for a winter-warm greenhouse; the winter-warm greenhouse is built by adopting a method of sitting north to south, high north to south and low north, facing the sun on a slope and semi-underground and semi-overground;
s2, timely transplanting: transplanting the broad bean seedlings which are vernalized from 3 to 5 leaves for transplanting from 10 middle ten days to 11 middle and last days, wherein the row spacing of the transplanting is 90-120 cm, the plant spacing is 35-45 cm, the transplanting depth is 3-5 cm, continuously watering for 2 to 3 days after the transplanting is finished, and the watering amount of each plant is 200 to 400 milliliters once every day;
s3, greenhouse temperature control management: the method comprises the following three stages:
a. in the stage of normal temperature survival, the temperature is higher in the early stage of transplanting, and the greenhouse film is kept in a normally open state without closing the greenhouse;
b. in the stage of heat preservation and growth promotion, when the highest air temperature is reduced to 15 ℃ in the daytime and the lowest air temperature is reduced to 3 ℃ in the night, covering the greenhouse for heat preservation at night, turning on and off the greenhouse day and night, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse between 10 ℃ and 22 ℃; under the condition of sunny weather, when the temperature in the shed exceeds 15 ℃ at 9-10 am, an air opening is opened, and the temperature is reduced and the humidity is dissipated; closing the greenhouse in time when the temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 15 ℃ at 2-4 pm;
c. in the stage of sealing the greenhouse and keeping the temperature for long pods, after the greenhouse enters cold winter, when the highest temperature in the daytime is less than 10 ℃ and the temperature at night is lower than zero, closing the greenhouse and keeping the temperature without opening the greenhouse, simultaneously starting a forward and reverse rotating motor (4) at night to spread the heat-preservation components to cover the broad bean plants, starting a water pump, introducing hot water in a water collecting tank (10) into a water distribution hose (3), preventing heat from being emitted upwards by a heat-preservation cushion layer (2), and intensively releasing the heat into a space below the heat-preservation cushion layer (2); cotton blankets are covered on the outer sides of the plastic films of the shed roof and the front wall for heat preservation, the cotton blankets on the shed roof are removed in daytime for temperature increase, the black PC endurance plate absorbs solar heat energy and heats water, and hot water is collected in the water collecting tank (10); the time for removing the cotton blanket in the morning is not earlier than 9 o 'clock, and the time for covering the cotton blanket in the afternoon is not later than 3 o' clock; after beginning spring, when the highest temperature rises to above 15 ℃ in the daytime and the lowest temperature rises to above 3 ℃ at night, the greenhouse adopts a management method of day-to-night switching, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 10 ℃ and 22 ℃, and ventilation is increased when the temperature exceeds 25 ℃;
s4, pruning and topping: timely pinching off the main stem after the broad beans are planted and alive to promote the growth of branches, wherein the main stem pinching off method comprises the steps of pinching off 4-5 cm of the upper part of the main stem and reserving 4-5 cm of the base part when the plant height of the broad beans is 8-10 cm; when the broad beans enter the full-bloom stage and bloom for 3-4 machines generally, carrying out thinning and leaving 7-8 branches for a single plant; when the inflorescence is opened to the 11 th station, starting to pick the top, picking one leaf and one heart each time, and finally reserving 8-9 inflorescences;
s5, fertilizer and water management: 20-25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer with the total content of N-P-K of 45% is applied to each mu of base fertilizer, and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate is applied to each mu of base fertilizer; applying 5-15 kg of podding fertilizer to each mu after blooming, wherein the podding fertilizer mainly comprises nitrogen fertilizer; the irrigation management is that in the growth period of the broad beans, if the soil is dry and has cracks or leaves are withered for a short time before and after noon, the soil is irrigated for 1-2 times by drip irrigation;
s6, disease and pest control: broad bean diseases mainly comprise gray mold, downy mildew and red spot, and are sprayed on broad bean plants in a spraying manner after being diluted by 1000 times of 800 plus materials by adding water into 40 percent of Miao dichlord or 72 percent of cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder; broad bean pests are mainly aphids and plant hoppers, and are sprayed on broad bean plants in a spraying manner after being diluted 2500 times by 10 percent imidacloprid and water;
s7, picking fresh bean pods in time: the broad beans are unlimited inflorescences, can be pod-bearing while flowering, can be pod-bearing when the bases are firstly flowering, and can be picked in time when the broad beans grow to be full and the hands are hard.
7. The winter continuous picking broad bean planting method based on the winter warm greenhouse of claim 6, wherein the north wall of the winter warm greenhouse in the step S1 is 4-5 m high and is built by soil, and the thickness of the wall is more than 1 m; the south wall is surrounded by a plastic film with the thickness of 0.08-0.12 mm, the height of the wall is 1-1.5 m, and a heat-preservation cotton blanket is hung outside; the side walls are formed by piling up soil, the thickness of the side walls is more than 1 meter, and a building structure with a slope and a sunny side is formed; the length of the greenhouse is 140-150 meters, and the width of the greenhouse is 6-7 meters.
8. The winter continuous picking broad bean planting method based on the winter warm greenhouse of claim 6, wherein the transplanting time in the step S2 is 11 months later, and the broad beans are transplanted together with a mulching film.
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| EP1757873A3 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-11-28 | Hans Mathieu | Protecting device against extreme weather influences, especially for solar collectors, roof windows, glass and plastic roofs, greenhouses and other endangered objects |
| CN203167714U (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-09-04 | 衡水市汇龙科贸有限公司 | Far infrared heating greenhouse heat-preservation quilt filled with anion gas |
| CN105613115A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2016-06-01 | 山东天巨建设工程有限公司 | Photovoltaic solar energy temperature-controlling intelligent booth |
| CN105145183A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-16 | 成都米戈科技有限公司 | Solar rolling blind machine for shed |
| CN106577011A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-26 | 贵州恒丰科技开发有限公司 | Cultivation chamber capable of flexibly controlling growth condition of potato seedling |
| CN106922437A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-07-07 | 宁夏新起点现代农业装备科技有限公司 | New greenhouse of surviving the winter |
| CN207706853U (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-08-10 | 吴忠市润沁万家果蔬种植专业合作社 | A kind of warm canopy of soil temperature raising |
| CN109197267A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-15 | 颍上县博陵家庭农场 | A kind of greenhouse shade |
| CN109392540A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-03-01 | 黑龙江智慧节水灌溉工程技术开发有限公司 | The double-deck greenhouse |
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