CN109988915B - 可用于钚分离的固相萃取剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

可用于钚分离的固相萃取剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109988915B
CN109988915B CN201711465426.4A CN201711465426A CN109988915B CN 109988915 B CN109988915 B CN 109988915B CN 201711465426 A CN201711465426 A CN 201711465426A CN 109988915 B CN109988915 B CN 109988915B
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plutonium
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Abstract

本发明涉及固相萃取技术,为可用于钚分离的固相萃取剂的制备方法,取3g聚4‑乙烯吡啶颗粒于圆底烧瓶中,加入碘甲烷试剂(分析纯,百灵威试剂),在40℃下搅拌反应2h,之后旋蒸至干,用去离子水洗涤合成物3次以上,获得所需产品。本发明提供的吡啶类固相萃取剂具有萃取容量大、选择性好、萃取速率快等优点,尤其适用于含钚废液中钚的分离。

Description

可用于钚分离的固相萃取剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种固相萃取剂,可用于废水中钚的分离及回收。
背景技术
核工业等活动产生大量的放射性废液,其中核电站等排放废水中可能含有剧毒的钚。这些废液在排入自然环境之前需要经过严格的净化处理流程,即需要将钚等元素分离出来,之后再进行处置或回收利用。另一方面,环境样品中钚的测量需要建立合理适用的钚分离纯化流程。上述两方面的工作迫切需要高效的钚分离材料,但现有的传统钚分离材料如阴离子交换树脂等在分离效率和选择性上尚不能完全满足要求。
吡啶类萃取剂具有杂环N的特有结构,对多种重金属都有高效萃取能力,是近年来快速发展的一类萃取剂,在废液处理中越来越受研究者重视。而固相萃取剂则在萃取效率上大大高于传统的液液萃取。合成对钚具有选择性萃取能力的吡啶类固相萃取剂,是含钚废液处理及钚分析流程中一种较有前途的解决方案。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的目的是提供一种的吡啶类固相萃取剂,以解决现有材料中钚分离效率低等问题。
核工业等活动产生大量的含钚废液。这些废液在排入自然环境之前需要经过严格的净化处理流程,即需要将钚等锕系元素分离出来,之后将分离后的钚进行处置或回收利用。合成对钚具有选择性萃取能力的吡啶类固相萃取剂,是含钚废液处理中一种较有前途的解决方案。
本发明涉及一种的吡啶类固相萃取剂,以及采用该萃取剂对水中钚的分离回收方法。通过控制制备条件、萃取条件、反萃条件等所建立的技术流程,可分离回收高酸度废液中的钚。
技术方案:本发明涉及一种可用于钚分离的固相萃取剂的制备方法,取3g聚(4-乙烯吡啶)颗粒于圆底烧瓶中,加入碘甲烷试剂(分析纯,百灵威试剂),在40℃下搅拌反应2h,之后旋蒸至干,用去离子水洗涤合成物3次以上,获得所需产品。
钚的回收:将制备好的固相萃取剂用于钚的萃取,将含钚废液调节到硝酸浓度为8~10mol/L,以10mg萃取剂/3mL废液的比例加入合成的固相萃取剂,搅拌或者振荡30min。离心固液分离。以每克萃取剂约10ml反萃剂的比例加入0.2mol/L EDTA二钠,反萃20min,离心固液分离,收集富集钚后的反萃液。
本发明属于环境及工程技术领域,重点在于该固相萃取剂的合成流程及分离方法。
所述的合成流程涉及聚(4-乙烯吡啶)颗粒(2%cross-linked,60目,8meq/g,50g/瓶,百灵威试剂)、碘甲烷(分析纯,百灵威试剂)等试剂,具体流程为:取一定量的聚(4-乙烯吡啶)颗粒于圆底烧瓶中,加入碘甲烷试剂,在40℃下搅拌反应2h,之后旋蒸至干,用去离子水洗涤合成物3次以上,获得所需产品。
所述的分离方法主要用于含钚放射性废水或工业废水中钚的分离。主要涉及上述合成的固相萃取剂材料、优化的水化学条件、环境条件及操作条件等。
所述的水化学条件包括含钚废液的酸度、背景电解质种类及浓度。含钚废液的酸度为8-10mol/L;背景电解质浓度为0.2 mol/L~1.2 mol/L之间。
所述的环境条件包括环境温度及大气条件。温度为25~45℃,大气条件指正常的大气环境。
所述的操作条件包括固液比(萃取剂用量)、萃取时间、反萃剂种类及浓度、反萃时间等。固液比为10mg/3ml;萃取时间>30min;所用反萃剂为0.2mol/L的EDTA二钠,反萃时间为20min。
有益效果:本发明具有萃取容量大、选择性好、萃取速率快等优点,尤其适用于含钚废液中钚的分离。
附图说明
图1 是本固相萃取剂的分子化学式结构图。
具体实施方式
实施例:含钚废液中钚的分离/回收
1)萃取剂的制备:
称取3g聚乙烯吡啶颗粒(2%cross-linked 60目 8meq/g)于500 mL烧瓶中,加入100mL 碘甲烷(分析纯),之后在40℃下搅拌反应2h。旋蒸反应物近干后,用去离子水洗涤3次以上,烘干备用。
2)钚的萃取及反萃
将含钚废液调节到硝酸浓度为8~10mol/L,以10mg萃取剂/3ml废液加入合成的固相萃取剂,搅拌或者振荡30min。离心固液分离。以每克萃取剂约10ml反萃剂的比例加入0.2mol/L EDTA二钠,反萃20min,离心固液分离,收集富集钚后的反萃液。
所述的聚乙烯吡啶来自百灵威试剂,2% cross-linked,粒径为60目,含量为8meq/g;所述的碘甲烷来自百灵威试剂,分析纯。

Claims (1)

1.一种钚的回收萃取方法,取3g聚4-乙烯吡啶颗粒于圆底烧瓶中,加入碘甲烷试剂,在40℃下搅拌反应2h,之后旋蒸至干,用去离子水洗涤合成物3次以上,获得所需产品;其特征在于:将制备好的所需产品固相萃取剂用于钚的萃取,将含钚废液调节到硝酸浓度为8~10mol/L,以10mg萃取剂/3mL废液的比例加入合成的固相萃取剂,搅拌或者振荡30min,离心固液分离,以每克萃取剂约10ml反萃剂的比例加入0.2mol/L EDTA二钠,反萃20min,离心固液分离,收集富集钚后的反萃液。
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