CN109988079A - 一种三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- AAIOHGBZDIHMEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)boron Chemical compound [B]C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 AAIOHGBZDIHMEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/1815—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine
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Abstract
本发明提供一种三相催化剂Pd@COF‑QA和其制备方法以及其在催化Suzuki‑Miyaura反应中的应用,属于催化剂制备技术领域。本发明所述三相催化剂Pd@COF‑QA经共价有机框架COF‑QA和醋酸钯在室温下反应获得,制备方法较为简便,同时经试验验证,本发明提供的三相催化剂利用率高,反应条件温和,能够有效降低催化成本,不需要高温和有机溶剂,催化剂用量少且无其他添加剂,就可实现异相催化;同时催化剂可以重复利用,容易回收,提高了催化剂的利用率,降低了成本,有利于工业化推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂制备技术领域,具体涉及一种三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
共价有机框架结构(Covalent Organic Framework,COF)是近年来研究的热点,与传统的有孔材料相比,COFs材料不仅内部存在均匀分布的特定大小的孔结构,而且其在酸碱环境中的稳定性远远高于其他多孔材料。因此,COFs作为晶态多孔材料在催化方面的应用存在很大的优势。
相转移催化合成技术经过五十年的发展,无论是在实验室的有机合成中,还是在实际的工业化生产中都得到广泛的应用。三相相转移催化剂作为相转移催化合成技术中必不可少的材料,不仅可以凭借其优异的相转移效果及广泛的适用性,使大部分多相反应体系得以顺利完成,而且可以在反应结束后通过简单的过滤分离出催化剂,进行循环利用。尽管如此,发明人发现,目前的三相相转移催化剂仍存在以下问题:(1)催化位点为有催化性能的功能性基团,聚合物载体几乎只起到支撑作用,造成材料的浪费;(2)聚合物载体的结构往往不确定,使得催化功能性基团与载体连接位置和连接程度不明确,从而难以精确分析催化剂的组成;(3)无论是聚合物载体还是无机载体可修饰性相对较低,使得三相相转移催化剂复合其它功能的可能性降低。
发明内容
基于上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA和其制备方法以及其在催化Suzuki-Miyaura反应中的应用。经试验验证,本发明提供的三相催化剂利用率高,反应条件温和,能够有效降低催化成本,因此具有良好的实际应用之价值。
本发明的第一个方面,提供一种有机配体L,其化学命名为2-(N,N-二甲基十二烷胺基)甲基-4,4-联三苯二甲酰肼,其化学结构式为:
本发明的第二个方面,提供所述有机配体L的合成方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)以2,5-二溴甲苯和4-甲氧羰基苯硼酸为原料,以氟化铯为碱,四(三苯基膦合钯)为催化剂,在1,4-二氧六环溶液中,加热,分离产物,得中间产物A,所述中间体A的结构如下:
(2)将中间体A与N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)反应,四氯化碳做溶剂,分离产物制得中间体B;所述中间体B的结构式如下:
(3)将中间体B与N,N-二甲基十二烷胺反应,乙腈作溶剂,分离产物制得中间体C;所述中间体C的结构式如下:
(4)将中间体C与水合肼反应,甲醇作溶剂,制得中间体D;所述中间体D的结构式如下:
本发明的第三个方面,提供所述有机配体L在制备三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA中的应用。
本发明的第四个方面,提供一种三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA,所述三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA的制备方法包括:
(1)以有机配体L、均苯三甲醛为原料,以均三甲苯、二氧六环和乙酸为溶剂,无氧条件下加热反应,降至室温即得共价有机框架COF-QA;
(2)将醋酸钯溶于二氯甲烷中,再加入COF-QA室温搅拌,反应结束,纯化即得Pd@COF-QA。
本发明的第五个方面,提供所述三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA在催化Suzuki-Miyaura反应中的应用。
所述应用具体方法为:将卤代芳烃、苯硼酸、碳酸钾、催化剂Pd@COF-QA,混合均匀,加热反应,即得偶联产物。
本发明的第六个方面,提供所述三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA的回收方法,具体的,Suzuki-Miyaura反应结束后,快速离心,即得催化剂Pd@COF-QA。
本发明的有益技术效果:
(1)本发明提供的三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA在水中进行了Suzuki-Miyaura反应,减少了有机溶剂对环境的危害;
(2)本发明的反应温度低,反应效果好,减少了能耗;
(3)采用本发明的三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA进行催化,实现了异相催化,并且催化剂用量少且无需其他添加剂,回收容易,提高了催化剂的利用率,降低了成本,有利于工业化推广应用。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1是本发明实施例1中有机配体L的1HNMR;
图2是本发明实施例1中有机配体L的红外光谱图;
图3是本发明实施例1中有机配体L的质谱图;
图4是本发明实施例2中的COF-QA、有机配体L的红外光谱图;
图5是本发明实施例2中的COF-QA的PXRD谱图;
图6是本发明实施例2中的Pd@COF-QA的红外光谱图;
图7是本发明实施例2中的Pd@COF-QA的PXRD谱图。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是示例性的,旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本发明使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本发明申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
本发明的一个典型实施方式中,提供一种有机配体L,其化学命名为2-(N,N-二甲基十二烷胺基)甲基-4,4-联三苯二甲酰肼,其化学结构式为:
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,提供所述有机配体L的合成方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)以2,5-二溴甲苯和4-甲氧羰基苯硼酸为原料,以氟化铯为碱,四(三苯基膦合钯)为催化剂,在1,4-二氧六环溶液中,加热至85~95℃(优选为90℃)进行反应,硅胶柱层析分离产物,减压蒸除溶剂得中间产物A,所述中间体A的结构如下:
(2)将中间体A与N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)反应,四氯化碳做溶剂,硅胶柱层析分离产物制得中间体B;所述中间体B的结构式如下:
(3)将中间体B与N,N-二甲基十二烷胺反应,乙腈作溶剂,硅胶柱层析分离产物制得中间体C;所述中间体C的结构式如下:
(4)将中间体C与水合肼反应,甲醇作溶剂,制得中间体D;所述中间体D的结构式如下:
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,所述步骤(1)中,2,5-二溴甲苯、4-甲氧羰基苯硼酸和氟化铯的摩尔比为1.0:2.0~3.0:3.0~5.0(优选为1.0:2.4:4.0);
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,所述步骤(2)中,中间产物A、NBS和AIBN的摩尔比为6.0~7.0:8.0~9.0:0.5~0.8(优选为6.9:8.3:0.69);
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,所述步骤(3)中,中间产物B与N,N-二甲基十二烷胺的摩尔比为2~4:4~6(优选为3:5);
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,所述步骤(4)中,中间产物C与水合肼的摩尔比为1~2:10~14(优选为1.6:12.8)。
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,提供所述有机配体L在制备三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA中的应用。
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,提供一种三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA,所述三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA的制备方法包括:
(1)以有机配体L、均苯三甲醛为原料,以均三甲苯、二氧六环和乙酸为溶剂,液氮浴脱除溶剂氧,无氧条件下加热反应,降至室温后即得共价有机框架COF-QA;
(2)将醋酸钯溶于二氯甲烷中,再加入COF-QA室温搅拌,反应结束,纯化即得Pd@COF-QA。
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,所述有机配体L、均苯三甲醛摩尔比为0.04~0.05:0.02~0.04(优选为0.045:0.03)。
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,所述均三甲苯、二氧六环和乙酸(6M)混合溶剂的体积比例为1~2:0.3~0.5:0.2~0.4(优选为1.6:0.4:0.3)。
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,所述步骤(1)中,85~95℃(优选为90℃)条件下恒温60~80小时(优选为72小时),降温40~50小时(优选为48小时)至室温。
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,所述步骤(2)中,所述COF-QA和醋酸钯的摩尔比为1~2:3~4(优选为1:3.6)。
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,所述纯化具体步骤为:将反应产物离心,用二氯甲烷洗3~4遍,再用丙酮洗3~4遍,70~90℃(优选80℃)干燥2~4h(优选为3h)。
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,所述室温温度为15-25℃。
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,提供所述三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA在催化Suzuki-Miyaura反应中的应用。
所述应用具体方法为:将卤代芳烃、苯硼酸、碳酸钾、催化剂Pd@COF-QA,混合均匀,40~60℃(优选50℃)加热反应,即得偶联产物。
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,所述卤代芳烃、苯硼酸、碳酸钾、催化剂Pd@COF-QA的摩尔比为0.1~0.3:0.2~0.3:0.3~0.5:0.0005~0.002(优选为0.2:0.24:0.4:0.001)。
反应简式如下:
本发明的又一具体实施方式中,提供所述三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA的回收方法,具体的,Suzuki-Miyaura反应结束后,快速离心,即得催化剂Pd@COF-QA。
以下通过实施例对本发明做进一步解释说明,但不构成对本发明的限制。应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:有机配体L的制备
具体的制备步骤如下:
(1)氮气保护下,4.33g(24mmol)4-甲氧羰基苯硼酸,6g(40mmol)氟化铯置于250ml的三口烧瓶中,加入150ml 1,4-二氧六环和2.754ml(10mmol)的2,5-二溴甲苯的混合溶液,然后加入1.6g四(三苯基膦)合钯催化剂,90℃回流48h。反应结束后,得橙色溶液,伴有黑色沉淀。将体系减压蒸干,晾干后,硅胶柱层析(石油醚和二氯甲烷),得白色产物3.0g,产率82%。
(2)氮气保护下,2.5g(6.937mmol)中间体A,0.114g(0.693mmol)偶氮二异丁腈,1.48g(8.324mmol)N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺置于100ml三口烧瓶中,加入45ml四氯化碳,90℃回流12h。反应结束后,得棕色溶液。将溶剂减压蒸除,硅胶柱层析(石油醚和乙酸乙酯),得白色产物1.7g,产率56%。
(3)氮气保护下,1.2g(3.0mmol)中间体B置于100ml的三口烧瓶中,1.07g(5mmol)N,N-二甲基十二烷胺和50ml乙腈用恒压滴液漏斗加入反应器。82℃回流24h。反应结束后,得到黄色浑浊液体,减压蒸干后,用硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷和甲醇),得到白色产物1.35g,产率79.4%。
(4)称取1.0g中间体C,加入到30ml甲醇中,待溶解后,加入0.775mL(12.8mmol)水合肼,室温下持续12h。减压蒸除溶剂,用乙醇洗涤,干燥。得黄色固体0.7g,产率70%。
对本实施例制备的有机配体L进行结构表征,其1HNMR,IR,MS分别如图1、2、3所示。
实施例2:Pd@COF-QA的合成
(1)29.40mg(0.045mmoL)的配体L与4.86mg(0.03mmoL)的均苯三甲醛置于耐压管中,加入均三甲苯:二氧六环:乙酸(6M)=16:4:3(体积比)的混合溶剂共2mL,在液氮浴下脱气,然后升至室温,于120℃下恒温3天(72h)。冷却至室温,离心,取出沉淀,真空干燥,得0.039g。产率:47.3%。
(2)在25ml圆底烧瓶中,先加入醋酸钯(6mg),溶于5mL二氯甲烷中,再加入20mgCOF-QA室温搅拌24h,反应结束,离心,用二氯甲烷洗3遍,再用丙酮洗3遍,80℃干燥3h得到Pd@COF-QA。
通过IR,PXRD,表征了该聚合物,结果分别见图6、7。
实施例3:
取碘苯(0.2mmol,22.4μL),Pd@COF-QA(0.0013mmol,4mg),碳酸钾(0.4mmol,27mg)水2mL加入5mL单口圆底烧瓶中,室温搅拌5min,再加入苯硼酸(0.24mmol,29mg)(催化剂用量以钯为单位),恒温50℃搅拌反应,气相色谱追踪反应。反应结束后,反应体系降至室温,加入2ml二次蒸馏水,5mL二氯甲烷,充分萃取,分液,有机相和水相分别快速离心,回收催化剂,直接投入下一反应,有机相通过气相色谱测试计算产率,催化效果如表1所示。
表1
a:产率通过GC测定
最后应该说明的是,以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。上述虽然对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。
Claims (10)
1.一种有机配体L,其特征在于,其化学命名为2-(N,N-二甲基十二烷胺基)甲基-4,4-联三苯二甲酰肼,其化学结构式为:
2.权利要求1所述有机配体L的合成方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)以2,5-二溴甲苯和4-甲氧羰基苯硼酸为原料,以氟化铯为碱,四(三苯基膦合钯)为催化剂,在1,4-二氧六环溶液中,加热至85~95℃(优选为90℃)进行反应,硅胶柱层析分离产物,减压蒸除溶剂得中间产物A,所述中间体A的结构如下:
(2)将中间体A与N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺、偶氮二异丁腈反应,四氯化碳做溶剂,硅胶柱层析分离产物制得中间体B;所述中间体B的结构式如下:
(3)将中间体B与N,N-二甲基十二烷胺反应,乙腈作溶剂,硅胶柱层析分离产物制得中间体C;所述中间体C的结构式如下:
(4)将中间体C与水合肼反应,甲醇作溶剂,制得中间体D;所述中间体D的结构式如下:
3.如权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于,
所述步骤(1)中,2,5-二溴甲苯、4-甲氧羰基苯硼酸和氟化铯的摩尔比为1.0:2.0~3.0:3.0~5.0(优选为1.0:2.4:4.0);
所述步骤(2)中,中间产物A、N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺、偶氮二异丁腈的摩尔比为6.0~7.0:8.0~9.0:0.5~0.8(优选为6.9:8.3:0.69);
所述步骤(3)中,中间产物B与N,N-二甲基十二烷胺的摩尔比为2~4:4~6(优选为3:5);
所述步骤(4)中,中间产物C与水合肼的摩尔比为1~2:10~14(优选为1.6:12.8)。
4.权利要求1所述有机配体L在制备三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA中的应用。
5.一种三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA,其特征在于,所述三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA的制备方法包括:
(1)以权利要求1所述有机配体L、均苯三甲醛为原料,以均三甲苯、二氧六环和乙酸为溶剂,无氧条件下加热反应,降至室温后即得共价有机框架COF-QA;
(2)将醋酸钯溶于二氯甲烷中,再加入COF-QA室温反应,纯化即得Pd@COF-QA。
6.如权利要求5所述三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,
所述有机配体L、均苯三甲醛摩尔比为0.04~0.05:0.02~0.04(优选为0.045:0.03);
所述均三甲苯、二氧六环和乙酸(6M)混合溶剂的体积比为1~2:0.3~0.5:0.2~0.4(优选为1.6:0.4:0.3);
在85~95℃(优选为90℃)条件下恒温反应60~80小时(优选为72小时),降温40~50小时(优选为48小时)至室温。
7.如权利要求5所述三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,
所述COF-QA和醋酸钯的摩尔比为1~2:3~4(优选为1:3.6)。
8.权利要求5-7任一项所述三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA在催化Suzuki-Miyaura反应中的应用。
9.如权利要求8所述应用,其特征在于,所述应用具体方法为:将卤代芳烃、苯硼酸、碳酸钾、催化剂Pd@COF-QA,混合均匀,40~60℃(优选50℃)加热反应,即得偶联产物;
优选的,所述卤代芳烃、苯硼酸、碳酸钾、催化剂Pd@COF-QA的摩尔比为0.1~0.3:0.2~0.3:0.3~0.5:0.0005~0.002(优选为0.2:0.24:0.4:0.001)。
10.如权利要求8或9所述应用,其特征在于,所述三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA的回收方法为:Suzuki-Miyaura反应结束后,离心,即得三相催化剂Pd@COF-QA。
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CN112645836A (zh) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-04-13 | 山东师范大学 | 一种非均相催化剂Cu@COF-Me-M及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN115582144A (zh) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-01-10 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种多级孔共价有机框架-金属复合结构催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
CN115582144B (zh) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-01-16 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种多级孔共价有机框架-金属复合结构催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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