CN109985626A - 用于糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的方法及催化剂和催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
用于糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的方法及催化剂和催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 125000002425 furfuryl group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CO1)* 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229960000935 dehydrated alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 SBA-15 Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical group [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010959 commercial synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- YEQMNLGBLPBBNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N difurfuryl ether Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1COCC1=CC=CO1 YEQMNLGBLPBBNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/72—Copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/03—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves not having base-exchange properties
- B01J29/0308—Mesoporous materials not having base exchange properties, e.g. Si-MCM-41
- B01J29/0316—Mesoporous materials not having base exchange properties, e.g. Si-MCM-41 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/0333—Iron group metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/46—Iron group metals or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/394—Metal dispersion value, e.g. percentage or fraction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/40—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
- C07D307/42—Singly bound oxygen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/40—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
- C07D307/42—Singly bound oxygen atoms
- C07D307/44—Furfuryl alcohol
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的方法及催化剂和催化剂的制备方法。采用蒸氨法将活性金属Cu负载到含二氧化硅的载体上,催化剂为含二氧化硅载体负载金属Cu;铜的负载量在5‑45wt%。含二氧化硅载体选自介孔SiO2、MCM‑41、SBA‑15、硅溶胶中的一种或者两种以上。以无水乙醇为溶剂,加入糠醛和催化剂,糠醛与无水乙醇的质量比为0.1‑1:1;催化剂与糠醛的质量比为0.02‑0.1:1;在氢气压力为0.5‑15MPa,反应温度80‑250℃条件下,反应0.5‑24h;得到乙基糠基醚。本发明催化剂具有较高的催化活性,以糠醛为原料一步合成乙基糠基醚,反应条件温和,符合大规模工业化生产的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的方法,以Cu/SiO2为催化剂用于糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的方法。具体涉及一种用于糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的方法及催化剂和催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
乙基糠基醚是一种生物质醚类化合物,可直接添加到汽油、柴油等燃料,减少燃料燃烧后颗粒物的产生以及烟雾的排放。还可以作为药品和食品的添加剂。目前,乙基糠基醚的合成没有实现工业化生产。根据现有文献,以糠醛为原料制备乙基糠基醚的途径有两种:一是现有糠醛加氢得到糠醇,然后在中强酸如分子筛或者磺酸树脂的催化下生成乙基糠基醚,但是该过程副反应多,乙基糠基醚的的选择性30%-50%,例如【文献1:Dr.Jean-Paul,Furfural-A Promising Platform for Lignocellulosic Biofuels[J].ChemSusChem.2012,5,150-166.】,该方法以ZSM-5为催化剂催化糠醇与乙醇反应,在125℃下乙基糠基醚的产率50%;二是糠醛经还原醚化反应生成糠醚,例如【文献2:Pizzi,High-Throughput Screening of Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Conversion ofFurfural to Bio-Based Fuel Components[J].Catalysts.2015,5,2244-2257】,该报道以5wt%Pd/C为催化剂催化糠醛与甲醇反应,当反应条件为100℃、5MPaH2压力时,产物甲基糠基醚的选择性为77%,但是其催化剂的贵金属钯含量(5%)较高,因此生产成本高,不利于实现工业化生产。
乙基糠基醚是一种具有高附加值和良好应用前景的生物质醚类化合物。目前,由于反应难以控制和催化剂成本过高问题,难以实现工业化合成生产。本发明利用非贵金属组分制备催化剂,在温和的实验条件下可以高选择性、高效率、过程简单的制备乙基糠基醚,对乙基糠基醚的工业合成生产具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新型的用于糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚反应的催化剂以及制备方法。
本发明是SiO2为载体,负载金属Cu制成的催化剂。
本发明的发明人在研究过程中发现,采用蒸氨法将活性金属组分负载到载体上,不但可以实现活性组分的高度分散,提高催化剂的选择性和稳定性,而且制备方法简单,成本低。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种用于糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的催化剂;其催化剂为含二氧化硅载体负载金属Cu;铜的负载量在5-45wt%。所述的含二氧化硅载体选自介孔SiO2、MCM-41、SBA-15、硅溶胶中的一种或者两种以上。
所述的催化剂铜的负载量优选为15-40%。
本发明的用于糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的催化剂的方法,采用蒸氨法将活性金属Cu负载到含二氧化硅的载体上,包括下述步骤:
(1)将氧化铜前体置于敞口容器并在去离子水中溶解,配制成铜离子溶液;
(2)搅拌铜离子溶液,将10-20wt%氨水滴加到溶液中,直至溶液pH>9,形成铜氨溶液,然后搅拌10-30min;
(3)将干燥后的SiO2载体加入铜氨溶液中,搅拌0.5h-2h;
(4)敞口容器移至水浴锅中,升温至60-90℃,除去溶液中的NH3,待溶液pH降至5-7时取出;
(5)过滤,得到催化剂前体,去离子水洗涤2-5次,在烘箱中进行干燥以除去水分;
(6)焙烧:催化剂前驱体置于空气中焙烧,焙烧温度为200-800℃,焙烧时间1-10h;
(7)还原:还原气为氢气,还原温度为200-800℃,还原时间为1-6h;
(8)钝化:冷却至室温,通入1%O2/N2,钝化时间为1-12h;得到Cu/SiO2催化剂。
所述氧化铜前体为硝酸铜、硫酸铜、氯化铜或醋酸铜中的一种或者几种的可溶性铜盐。
利用本发明的Cu/SiO2用于糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的方法,以无水乙醇为溶剂,加入糠醛和催化剂,糠醛与无水乙醇的质量比为0.1-1:1;催化剂与糠醛的质量比为0.02-0.1:1;在氢气压力为0.5-15MPa,反应温度80-250℃条件下,反应0.5-24h;得到乙基糠基醚。
本发明的发明人在研究过程中发现,采用蒸氨法将活性金属组分负载到载体上,不但可以实现活性组分的高度分散,提高催化剂的选择性和稳定性,而且制备方法简单,成本低。
所述步骤(2)中氨水(10-20wt%)的用量与铜的质量比为5-50:1优选为25:1;
所述步骤(3)搅拌时间优选为2h;
所述步骤(6)焙烧温度优选为250-650℃,焙烧时间为3-6h;
所述步骤(7)还原温度优选为150-550℃;
所述步骤(8)钝化时间优选为4-8h,进一步优选为6h。
所述糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚反应的实验条件中,反应温度优选为100-200℃;反应时间优选为1-4h;氢气压力优选为3-6MPa,进一步优选为4.5MPa。
本发明提供的乙基糠基醚的制备方法,其反应过程如下反应式(1)所示:
反应式(1)
本发明具有的优点:
(1)本发明以工业常用、价格低廉的二氧化硅为载体,铜为催化组分,制备的催化剂负载非贵金属铜,制备成本低;
(2)本发明采用蒸氨法制备的铜硅催化剂,具有较高的催化活性,在温和的实验条件下即可获得糠醛的高转化率和产物的高选择性;
(3)以糠醛为原料一步合成乙基糠基醚,反应条件温和,便于操作,易于放大,符合大规模工业化生产的要求。
具体实施方式
实施例1
采用蒸氨法制备Cu/SiO2。将准确称量3.09g的Cu(NO3)2·3H2O置于三颈圆底烧瓶溶于100ml去离子水中,室温下1mL/min滴加氨水(14%)至溶液pH>9.0,形成铜氨溶液。溶液搅拌10min后加入4.9g介孔SiO2,继续搅拌2h,再移至90℃水浴锅中,直至溶液pH=5取出三颈圆底烧瓶,并观察溶液颜色变化。过滤得到催化剂前体,去离子水洗涤催化剂前体3次,放至120℃烘箱中干燥过夜,在空气气氛中250℃焙烧2h;之后研磨筛分40-60目颗粒催化剂备用。在H2气氛中150℃还原1h;还原结束后,冷却至室温,再通入1%O2/N2钝化处理6h,得到Cu负载量15wt%的催化剂。
实施例2
采用蒸氨法制备Cu/SiO2。将准确称量6.17g的Cu(NO3)2·3H2O置于三颈圆底烧瓶溶于100ml去离子水中,室温下1mL/min滴加氨水(14%)至溶液pH>9.0,形成铜氨溶液。溶液搅拌20min后加入4.9g介孔SiO2,继续搅拌2h,再移至90℃水浴锅中,直至溶液pH=6取出三颈圆底烧瓶,并观察溶液颜色变化。过滤得到催化剂前体,去离子水洗涤催化剂前体3次,放至120℃烘箱中干燥过夜,在空气气氛中450℃焙烧4h;之后研磨筛分40-60目颗粒催化剂备用。在H2气氛中350℃还原2h;还原结束后,冷却至室温,再通入1%O2/N2钝化处理6h,得到Cu负载量30wt%的催化剂。
实施例3
采用蒸氨法制备Cu/SiO2。将准确称量8.23g的Cu(NO3)2·3H2O置于三颈圆底烧瓶溶于100ml去离子水中,室温下1mL/min滴加氨水(14%)至溶液pH>9.0,形成铜氨溶液。溶液搅拌30min后加入4.9g介孔SiO2,继续搅拌2h,再移至90℃水浴锅中,直至溶液pH=7取出三颈圆底烧瓶,并观察溶液颜色变化。过滤得到催化剂前体,去离子水洗涤催化剂前体3次,放至120℃烘箱中干燥过夜,在空气气氛中650℃焙烧6h;之后研磨筛分40-60目颗粒催化剂备用。在H2气氛中550℃还原4h;还原结束后,冷却至室温,再通入1%O2/N2钝化处理6h,得到Cu负载量40wt%的催化剂。
实施例4
采用蒸氨法制备Cu/MCM-41。将准确称量6.17g的Cu(NO3)2·3H2O置于三颈圆底烧瓶溶于100ml去离子水中,室温下1mL/min滴加氨水(14%)至溶液pH>9.0,形成铜氨溶液。溶液搅拌30min后加入4.9g MCM-41,继续搅拌2h,再移至90℃水浴锅中,直至溶液pH=6取出三颈圆底烧瓶,并观察溶液颜色变化。过滤得到催化剂前体,去离子水洗涤催化剂前体3次,放至120℃烘箱中干燥过夜,在空气气氛中450℃焙烧4h;之后研磨筛分40-60目颗粒催化剂备用。在H2气氛中350℃还原2h;还原结束后,冷却至室温,再通入1%O2/N2钝化处理6h,得到Cu负载量30wt%的催化剂。
实施例5
采用蒸氨法制备Cu/SBA-15。将准确称量6.17g的Cu(NO3)2·3H2O置于三颈圆底烧瓶溶于100ml去离子水中,室温下1mL/min滴加氨水(14%)至溶液pH>9.0,形成铜氨溶液。溶液搅拌30min后加入4.9g SBA-15,继续搅拌2h,再移至90℃水浴锅中,直至溶液pH=6取出三颈圆底烧瓶,并观察溶液颜色变化。过滤得到催化剂前体,去离子水洗涤催化剂前体3次,放至120℃烘箱中干燥过夜,在空气气氛中450℃焙烧4h;之后研磨筛分40-60目颗粒催化剂备用。在H2气氛中350℃还原2h;还原结束后,冷却至室温,再通入1%O2/N2钝化处理6h,得到Cu负载量30wt%的催化剂。
实施例6
采用蒸氨法制备Cu/Silica sol。将准确称量6.17g的Cu(NO3)2·3H2O置于三颈圆底烧瓶溶于100ml去离子水中,室温下1mL/min滴加氨水(14%)至溶液pH>9.0,形成铜氨溶液。溶液搅拌30min后加入12.3g Silica sol,继续搅拌2h,再移至90℃水浴锅中,直至溶液pH=6取出三颈圆底烧瓶,并观察溶液颜色变化。过滤得到催化剂前体,去离子水洗涤催化剂前体3次,放至120℃烘箱中干燥过夜,在空气气氛中450℃焙烧4h;之后研磨筛分40-60目颗粒催化剂备用。在H2气氛中350℃还原2h;还原结束后,冷却至室温,再通入1%O2/N2钝化处理6h,得到Cu负载量30wt%的催化剂。
实施例7
采用蒸氨法制备Cu/HZSM-5。将准确称量6.17g的Cu(NO3)2·3H2O置于三颈圆底烧瓶溶于100ml去离子水中,室温下1mL/min滴加氨水(14%)至溶液pH>9.0,形成铜氨溶液。溶液搅拌30min后加入4.9g HZSM-5,继续搅拌2h,再移至90℃水浴锅中,直至溶液pH=6取出三颈圆底烧瓶,并观察溶液颜色变化。过滤得到催化剂前体,去离子水洗涤催化剂前体3次,放至120℃烘箱中干燥过夜,在空气气氛中450℃焙烧4h;之后研磨筛分40-60目颗粒催化剂备用。在H2气氛中350℃还原2h;还原结束后,冷却至室温,再通入1%O2/N2钝化处理6h,得到Cu负载量30wt%的催化剂
催化反应在75mL带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的高压反应釜中进行。糠醛与无水乙醇的质量比为0.1:1-1:1,催化剂与糠醛的质量比为0.02:1-0.1:1。关闭反应釜后,用氮气置换釜内空气3-5次,再用氢气置换釜内氮气3-5次,然后充入氢气至4.5MPa,启动搅拌。反应温度为80-250℃,反应时间为0.5-24h,氢气压力为0.5-15M,优选为3-6MPa进一步优选为4.5MPa。分析原料准化率和产物选择性。实施例9-14为催化剂催化性能评价结果。
原料转化率及产物选择性计算方法:
实施例8
分别取实施例1、2、3得到的Cu/SiO2催化剂。将0.2g催化剂,5g糠醛,15g无水乙醇加入带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的高压反应釜中。关闭反应釜后,用氮气置换釜内空气3-5次,再用氢气置换釜内氮气3-5次,然后充入氢气至4.5MPa,启动搅拌。控温仪控制升温至150℃,反应时间1h。分析原料准化率和产物选择性。结果列于表1。
表1不同铜负载量对糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的催化活性影响
催化剂 | 糠醛转化率(%) | 乙基糠基醚选择性(%) |
15wt%Cu/SiO<sub>2</sub> | 88.9 | 34.8 |
30wt%Cu/SiO<sub>2</sub> | 100 | 48.6 |
40wt%Cu/SiO<sub>2</sub> | 100 | 40.5 |
实施例9
分别取实施例3、4、5、6、7得到的催化剂。将0.2g催化剂,5g糠醛,15g无水乙醇加入带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的高压反应釜中。关闭反应釜后,用氮气置换釜内空气3-5次,再用氢气置换釜内氮气3-5次,然后充入氢气至4.5MPa,启动搅拌。控温仪控制升温至150℃,反应时间1h。分析原料准化率和产物选择性。结果列于表2。
表2不同载体对糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的催化活性影响
催化剂 | 糠醛转化率(%) | 乙基糠基醚选择性(%) |
Cu/SiO<sub>2</sub> | 100 | 48.6 |
Cu/MCM-41 | 91.6 | 37.9 |
Cu/SBA-15 | 90.7 | 35.1 |
Cu/Silica sol | 100 | 41.7 |
Cu/HZSM-5 | 89.5 | 26.8 |
实施例10
取实施例2得到的催化剂。将0.1-0.5g催化剂(催化剂与糠醛的质量比为0.02:1-0.1:1),5g糠醛,15g无水乙醇加入带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的高压反应釜中。关闭反应釜后,用氮气置换釜内空气3-5次,再用氢气置换釜内氮气3-5次,然后充入氢气至4.5MPa,启动搅拌。控温仪控制升温至150℃,反应时间1h。分析原料准化率和产物选择性。结果列于表3。
表3不同催化剂用量对糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的催化活性影响
实施例11
取实施例2得到的催化剂。将0.2g催化剂,5g糠醛,5-50g无水乙醇(糠醛与无水乙醇的质量比为0.1:1-1:1)加入带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的高压反应釜中。关闭反应釜后,用氮气置换釜内空气3-5次,再用氢气置换釜内氮气3-5次,然后充入氢气至4.5MPa,启动搅拌。控温仪控制升温至150℃,反应时间1h。分析原料准化率和产物选择性。结果列于表4。
表4不同无水乙醇用量对糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的催化活性影响
实施例12
取实施例2得到的催化剂。将0.2g催化剂,5g糠醛,15g无水乙醇加入带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的高压反应釜中。关闭反应釜后,用氮气置换釜内空气3-5次,再用氢气置换釜内氮气3-5次,然后充入氢气至4.5MPa,启动搅拌。控温仪控制升温至100-200℃,反应时间1h。分析原料准化率和产物选择性。结果列于表5。
表5不同反应温度对糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的催化活性影响
反应温度(℃) | 糠醛转化率(%) | 乙基糠基醚选择性(%) |
100 | 100 | 39.2 |
150 | 100 | 48.6 |
200 | 100 | 37.5 |
实施例13
取实施例2得到的催化剂。将0.2g催化剂,5g糠醛,15g无水乙醇加入带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的高压反应釜中。关闭反应釜后,用氮气置换釜内空气3-5次,再用氢气置换釜内氮气3-5次,然后充入氢气至4.5MPa,启动搅拌。控温仪控制升温至150℃,反应时间1-4h。分析原料准化率和产物选择性。结果列于表6。
表6不同反应时间对糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的催化活性影响
反应时间(h) | 糠醛转化率(%) | 乙基糠基醚选择性(%) |
1 | 100 | 48.6 |
2 | 100 | 44.5 |
3 | 100 | 42.9 |
4 | 100 | 35.6 |
本发明公开和提出的一种用于糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的方法及催化剂和催化剂的制备方法,尽管本发明的方法和制备技术已通过较佳实施例子进行了描述,相关技术人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和技术路线进行改动或重新组合,来实现最终的制备技术。特别需要指出的是,所有相类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,他们都被视为包括在本发明精神、范围和内容中。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的催化剂;其特征是催化剂为含二氧化硅载体负载金属Cu;铜的负载量在5-45wt%;含二氧化硅载体选自介孔SiO2、MCM-41、SBA-15、硅溶胶中的一种或者两种以上。
2.如权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征是铜的负载量优选为15-40%。
3.权利要求1所述的催化剂的制备方法,其特征是采用蒸氨法将活性金属Cu负载到含二氧化硅的载体上,包括下述步骤:
(1)将氧化铜前体置于敞口容器并在去离子水中溶解,配制成铜离子溶液;
(2)搅拌铜离子溶液,将10-20wt%氨水滴加到溶液中,直至溶液pH>9,形成铜氨溶液,然后搅拌10-30min;
(3)将干燥后的含二氧化硅载体加入铜氨溶液中,搅拌0.5h-2h;
(4)敞口容器移至水浴锅中,升温至60-90℃,除去溶液中的NH3,待溶液pH降至5-7时取出;
(5)过滤,得到催化剂前体,去离子水洗涤2-5次,在烘箱中进行干燥以除去水分;
(6)焙烧:催化剂前驱体置于空气中焙烧,焙烧温度为200-800℃,焙烧时间1-10h;
(7)还原:还原气为氢气,还原温度为200-800℃,还原时间为1-6h;
(8)钝化:冷却至室温,通入1%O2/N2,钝化时间为1-12h;得到Cu/SiO2催化剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征是所述氧化铜前体为硝酸铜、硫酸铜、氯化铜或醋酸铜中的一种或者几种的可溶性铜盐。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征是所述的步骤(2)中氨水(10-20wt%)的用量与铜的质量比为5-50:1。
6.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征是所述步骤(6)焙烧温度为250-650℃,焙烧时间为3-6h。
7.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征是所述步骤(7)还原温度优选为150-550℃。
8.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征是所述步骤(8)钝化时间为4-8h。
9.权利要求1的催化剂用于糠醛液相加氢制乙基糠基醚的方法,其特征是,以无水乙醇为溶剂,加入糠醛和催化剂,糠醛与无水乙醇的质量比为0.1-1:1;催化剂与糠醛的质量比为0.02-0.1:1;在氢气压力为0.5-15MPa,反应温度80-250℃条件下,反应0.5-24h;得到乙基糠基醚。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征是,反应温度为100-200℃;反应时间为1-4h;氢气压力为3-6MPa。
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