CN109952460B - 制冷剂输送用软管 - Google Patents
制冷剂输送用软管 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109952460B CN109952460B CN201780069248.5A CN201780069248A CN109952460B CN 109952460 B CN109952460 B CN 109952460B CN 201780069248 A CN201780069248 A CN 201780069248A CN 109952460 B CN109952460 B CN 109952460B
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- innermost layer
- refrigerant
- hose
- polyamide
- secondary amine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
一种制冷剂输送用软管,具备管状的最内层1和设置于上述最内层1的外周的橡胶层2,上述最内层1由树脂组合物构成,该树脂组合物含有以聚酰胺树脂(A)作为主成分的聚合物和在一个分子中具有两个仲胺基的、熔点为100℃以上的芳香族仲胺化合物(B)。因此能够提供一种耐制冷剂透过性、柔软性等优异并且软管最内层的水解劣化的防止性能优异的制冷剂输送用软管。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种作为用于输送汽车等车辆用的制冷剂的软管而有用的制冷剂输送用软管。
背景技术
以往,伴随着臭氧层破坏气体的蒸发管制的强化,对于在汽车等中使用的制冷剂输送用软管的制冷剂屏障性(耐制冷剂透过性)的要求变得严格。因此,在制冷剂输送用软管的最内层的形成材料中使用了例如聚酰胺树脂那样的结晶性较高的树脂(例如,参照专利文献1~3)。
另一方面,伴随着臭氧层破坏气体的蒸发管制的强化,近年来,在汽车等中使用的制冷剂的品质也得到了改善。例如R-1234yf制冷剂(HFO-1234yf制冷剂)是作为HFC-134a制冷剂的替代制冷剂而开发的制冷剂,与HFC-134a相比,臭氧破坏系数以及地球温暖化系数低,是对地球环境非常友好的制冷剂。因此,对于在汽车等中使用的制冷剂输送用软管也要求适合于R-1234yf的性能。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开2012/115147号公报
专利文献2:日本特许第5723520号公报
专利文献3:日本特许第4811531号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
但是,在使用R-1234yf制冷剂那样的含有具有双键的氟化合物和润滑油(冷冻机油)的制冷剂组合物的情况下,在高温环境下,由于上述氟化合物、润滑油的分解而产生有机酸、无机酸。而且,存在由于与上述有机酸以及无机酸的接触而使构成软管最内层的聚酰胺树脂水解从而劣化的问题。
在此,上述专利文献1所涉及的软管具备在聚酰胺树脂中配合有2价、3价的金属化合物的最内层,上述专利文献2所涉及的软管具备在聚酰胺树脂中配合了有机系化合物的碳二亚胺的最内层,上述专利文献3所涉及的软管具备在聚酰胺树脂中配合有水滑石的最内层。根据上述方法,虽然暂且可以看到水解防止性能(耐酸性)的提高,但是例如如专利文献1所示,在添加有金属化合物(无机系化合物)的情况下,会产生促进聚酰胺树脂的固化而使柔软性降低、促进聚酰胺树脂的氧化劣化反应而使耐热性显著变差这样的问题。另外,如专利文献2所示那样,在添加了有机系化合物的碳二亚胺的情况下,其酰亚胺基与聚酰胺树脂的羧基、羟基发生反应而在聚合物之间发生交联反应从而得到链延长效果,由此会产生引起柔软性的降低这样的的问题。另外,如专利文献3所示,在添加有水滑石的情况下,如不将其添加量设为大量的话,则无法提高水解防止性能(耐酸性),以该大量添加为起因,会产生与柔软性的降低、聚酰胺树脂的双螺杆混炼、挤出等之类的成形加工性降低有关的问题。因此,尚有改进的余地。
本发明是鉴于这样的情况而做出的,其目的在于提供一种耐制冷剂透过性、柔软性等优异并且软管最内层的水解劣化的防止性能优异的制冷剂输送用软管。
用于解决问题的方法
为了实现上述目的,本发明的制冷剂输送用软管是具备管状的最内层和设置于上述最内层的外周的橡胶层的制冷剂输送用软管,上述最内层采用如下构成,上述最内层的聚合物是以下述(A-1)成分作为主成分的由下述(A-1)成分以及(A-2)成分构成的共混聚合物,上述最内层,以上述共混聚合物为100重量份计,以1~50重量份的范围含有下述(B)成分,并且由在下述(A-1)成分的海相内分散有下述(A-2)成分的岛相的合金构成:
(A-1)选自由聚酰胺46、聚酰胺6、聚酰胺66、聚酰胺610、聚酰胺612以及聚酰胺1010构成的群组中的至少一种的脂肪族聚酰胺树脂,
(A-2)聚烯烃系弹性体,
(B)在一个分子中具有两个仲胺基的、熔点为200℃以上的芳香族仲胺化合物。
即,本发明的发明人为了解决上述问题而反复进行了潜心研究。在该研究的过程中,从耐制冷剂透过性、柔软性等观点出发,对将软管最内层设为聚酰胺树脂层并进一步地为了提高软管强度、耐弯曲性、耐水性而在该最内层外周设置橡胶层的内容进行了研究。而且,为了抑制由制冷剂产生的有机酸、无机酸所引起的聚酰胺树脂的水解,对是否能够通过在上述最内层中添加各种芳香族碱性化合物而将与聚酰胺树脂发生反应的酸稳定地封止的内容进行了研究。其结果是,得到可推测出如下内容的结果:使上述最内层中含有在一个分子中具有两个仲胺基的、熔点为100℃以上的芳香族仲胺化合物时,即便是少量的含量,也可使由制冷剂产生的有机酸、无机酸的氢离子(H+)与负离子有效地被上述仲胺基捕捉,从而生成稳定的盐。因此,能够不阻碍到最内层的成形加工性地有效地抑制聚酰胺树脂的水解。而且,发现上述芳香族仲胺化合物与聚酰胺树脂不表现出交联反应,因此不会阻碍到聚酰胺树脂的柔软性,进一步地耐热劣化性也很优异,因此能够实现预期的目的,从而完成本发明。
此外,假设,若上述芳香族仲胺化合物的熔点低于100℃,则软管最内层挤出成形时的上述聚酰胺树脂和上述芳香族仲胺化合物的粘度的差异较大,因此可以认为会成为上述芳香族仲胺化合物不均匀存在于聚酰胺树脂内的状态,从而不能有效地抑制聚酰胺树脂的水解。另一方面,若像本发明这样使上述芳香族仲胺化合物的熔点为100℃以上,则软管最内层挤出成形时的上述聚酰胺树脂和上述芳香族仲胺化合物的粘度的差异较小,因此成为上述芳香族仲胺化合物均匀存在于聚酰胺树脂内的状态,因此可以认为能够如先前所述的那样有效地抑制聚酰胺树脂的水解。
发明效果
本发明的制冷剂输送用软管具备管状的最内层和在上述最内层的外周设置的橡胶层,上述最内层由树脂组合物构成,该树脂组合物含有以聚酰胺树脂(A)作为主成分的聚合物和在一个分子中具有两个仲胺基的、熔点为100℃以上的芳香族仲胺化合物(B)。因此,耐制冷剂透过性、柔软性等优异,并且软管最内层的水解劣化的防止性能优异,其结果是,以往的制冷剂、水自不必言,针对像R-1234yf制冷剂这样的容易带有酸性的制冷剂也能够良好地使用。另外,本发明的制冷剂输送用软管通过在上述最内层外周设置的橡胶层而使得耐弯曲性、耐水性、软管强度等也很优异。
尤其是,若以上述聚酰胺树脂(A)作为主成分的聚合物是脂肪族聚酰胺树脂和聚烯烃系弹性体的共混聚合物,则柔软性、耐久性等会变得更加优异。
另外,若上述芳香族仲胺化合物(B)的熔点为130℃以上、进一步优选为200℃以上,水解劣化的防止性能会变得更加优异。
进一步地,若上述芳香族仲胺化合物(B)是在一个分子中具有二个以上芳香环的化合物,则耐热劣化性会变得更加优异。
而且,若上述树脂组合物是相对于100重量份的以上述聚酰胺树脂(A)为主成分的聚合物而以0.5~50重量份的范围含有上述芳香族仲胺化合物(B)的树脂组合物,则能够不会损害到软管的柔软性、成形加工性地得到良好的水解防止效果。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的制冷剂输送用软管的一个例子的剖视图。
具体实施方式
接下来,对本发明的实施方式进行详细说明。但是,本发明不受该实施方式的限制。
如图1所示,本发明的制冷剂输送用软管具备管状的最内层1和在上述最内层1的外周设置的橡胶层2,上述最内层1由树脂组合物构成,该树脂组合物含有以聚酰胺树脂(A)作为主成分的聚合物和在一个分子中具有两个仲胺基的、熔点为100℃以上的芳香族仲胺化合物(B)。在这里,上述聚合物的“主成分”是指占聚合物整体的50重量%以上的成分,是还包括上述聚合物的全部仅由作为主成分的聚酰胺树脂(A)构成的情况的含义。
作为用作上述最内层1形成用的树脂组合物的聚合物的聚酰胺树脂(A),例如可列举为聚酰胺46(PA46)、聚酰胺6(PA6)、聚酰胺66(PA66)、聚酰胺610(PA610)、聚酰胺612(PA612)、聚酰胺1010(PA1010)等脂肪族聚酰胺树脂、聚酰胺6T(PA6T)、聚酰胺9T(PA9T)、聚酰胺10T(PA10T)等芳香族聚酰胺树脂等。上述聚酰胺树脂可以单独使用或者二种以上并用。其中,由于柔软性、耐制冷剂透过性更加优异,因此优选使用PA6、PA66。
关于上述最内层1形成用的树脂组合物的聚合物,如之前所述的那样,其50重量%以上为聚酰胺树脂,也可以是上述聚合物的全部为聚酰胺树脂。
另外,在共混除了聚酰胺树脂以外的聚合物的情况下,若以上述聚酰胺树脂(A)为主成分的聚合物是脂肪族聚酰胺树脂和聚烯烃系弹性体的共混聚合物,则柔软性、耐久性等会变得更加优异。
此外,若采用像上述那样将脂肪族聚酰胺树脂和聚烯烃系弹性体共混而形成在脂肪族聚酰胺树脂的海相内分散有聚烯烃系弹性体的岛相的微细的合金结构,则能够不损害脂肪族聚酰胺树脂所带来的耐制冷剂透过性地获得柔软性、耐久性等进一步提高的效果,因此优选。
作为上述聚烯烃系弹性体,可列举为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚甲基戊烯、乙烯-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯共聚物(EPR)、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)、异戊二烯橡胶(IR)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS)、改性乙烯-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(EEA)、改性EEA、改性EPR、改性EPDM、离聚物、α-烯烃共聚物、改性IR、改性SEBS、卤代异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸改性体、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物以及乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的酸改性物、以及以上述成分作为主成分的混合物等。上述聚烯烃系弹性体可以单独使用或者二种以上并用。
而且,从柔软性、耐久性等观点出发,以重量比计,上述那样的脂肪族聚酰胺树脂和聚烯烃系弹性体的共混聚合物中的、脂肪族聚酰胺树脂和聚烯烃系弹性体的含有比例优选为脂肪族聚酰胺树脂/聚烯烃系弹性体=50/50~90/10的范围内,从同样的观点出发,更优选为脂肪族聚酰胺树脂/聚烯烃系弹性体=60/40~80/20的范围内。
另外,作为上述最内层1的形成材料而含有的芳香族仲胺化合物(B),从使得水解劣化的防止性能变得更加优异的观点出发,优选为其熔点为130℃以上,更优选其熔点为200℃以上。上述芳香族仲胺化合物(B)的熔点的上限通常为300℃。
此外,若上述芳香族仲胺化合物(B)的熔点过低,则由于对最内层1形成用的树脂组合物进行熔融混合时受到的热会使上述芳香族仲胺化合物(B)分解、挥发,因此会使实质的含量降低。另外,若上述芳香族仲胺化合物(B)的熔点过低,则在挤出加工时与上述聚酰胺树脂的粘度的差异变大,不能均匀地分散,从而有可能无法有效地抑制聚酰胺树脂的水解。另外,若上述芳香族仲胺化合物(B)的熔点过高的话,也有可能不能熔融混合而产生分散不良从而无法有效地抑制聚酰胺树脂的水解。从上述观点出发,上述芳香族仲胺化合物(B)的熔点优选为150℃以上300℃以下的范围内,更优选为200℃以上250℃以下的范围内。
另外,关于作为上述最内层1的形成材料而含有的上述芳香族仲胺化合物(B),从使得耐热劣化性变得更加优异的观点出发,优选为在一个分子中具有二个以上芳香环的化合物。
进一步地,从使得水解劣化的防止性能等变得更加优异的观点出发,上述芳香族仲胺化合物(B)的重均分子量(Mw)优选为200以上。
具体而言,上述芳香族仲胺化合物(B)优选使用下述化学式(1)~(4)所示的化合物。上述芳香族仲胺化合物(B)可以单独使用或者二种以上并用。
[化1]
[化2]
[化3]
[化4]
作为以上述那样的化学式表示的芳香族仲胺化合物,在市售的芳香族仲胺化合物中,优选使用大内新兴化学工业公司制造的的NOCRAC white、NOCRAC TD、NOCRAC DP、NOCRAC G-1。
而且,在作为最内层1的形成材料的树脂组合物中,相对于100重量份的以聚酰胺树脂(A)作为主成分的聚合物的、上述特定的芳香族仲胺化合物(B)含有比例优选为0.5~50重量份的范围内,更优选为1~20重量份的范围内。即,这是因为,若在这样的范围内含有上述特定的芳香族仲胺化合物(B),则能够不损害软管的柔软性、成形加工性地获得良好的水解防止效果。
此外,可以根据需要在上述最内层1的形成材料中适当地配合填充剂、增塑剂、抗老化剂等添加剂。
作为形成设置于上述最内层1外周的橡胶层2的材料,例如可以单独使用或者并用二种以上的丁基橡胶(IIR)、氯化丁基橡胶(Cl-IIR)、溴化丁基橡胶(Br-IIR)等卤化丁基橡胶、丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶(NBR)、氯丁橡胶(CR)、乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶(EPDM)、乙烯-丙烯橡胶(EPM)、氟橡胶(FKM)、表氯醇橡胶(ECO)、丙烯酸橡胶、硅橡胶、氯化聚乙烯橡胶(CPE)、聚氨酯橡胶等橡胶。另外,除了上述橡胶之外,可适宜地配合交联剂(硫化剂)、炭黑等。
尤其是,为了使上述橡胶层2与最内层1之间的层间粘合性变得更加优异,上述橡胶层2优选由含有过氧化物交联剂的橡胶组合物构成。此外,可以在上述最内层1和橡胶层2的层间适当地涂布粘合剂。
上述橡胶层2在图1中为单层结构,但也可以是两层以上的层叠结构。而且,在将上述橡胶层2设为两层以上的情况下,形成各层的橡胶组合物可以相同,也可以不同。另外,可以在两层以上的橡胶层的层间设置通过对例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、芳族聚酰胺、聚酰胺(尼龙)、聚乙烯醇(维尼纶)、人造丝、金属线等的加强丝以螺旋编织、针织编织、编带编织等进行编织而形成的加强层。
在这里,例如能够按照以下方法来制作上述图1所示那样的本发明的制冷剂输送用软管。即,首先,将上述的最内层1形成用的各材料熔融混合,制备最内层1形成用的树脂组合物。另外,也准备橡胶层2用材料。接着,将上述最内层1形成用的树脂组合物和橡胶层2用材料共挤出成形为软管状。此时,使用芯棒(mandrel)也无妨。另外,也可以首先将最内层1形成用的树脂组合物挤出成形为软管状之后,对橡胶层2进行挤出成形。然后,在规定的条件下(优选为170℃×30~60分钟)对其进行硫化后,将芯棒拔出。这样,能够制作作为目的的层结构的制冷剂输送用软管。
在本发明的制冷剂输送用软管中,软管内径优选为5~40mm的范围内。另外,上述最内层1的厚度优选为0.05~0.50mm的范围内,特别优选为0.10~0.20mm的范围。即,这是因为,若上述最内层1的厚度过薄,则难以获得期望的耐制冷剂透过性,若上述最内层1的厚度过厚,则振动吸收性有可能会变差。另一方面,从耐压性的观点出发,上述橡胶层2的厚度通常设定在1~39mm的范围内。
本发明的制冷剂输送用软管,优选使用在以R-1234yf制冷剂那样地容易带有酸性的制冷剂为代表的、在空调散热器等中使用的二氧化碳、氟利昂、替代氟利昂、丙烷、水等的制冷剂输送用软管中。而且,上述制冷剂输送用软管不仅用于汽车,还可以优选使用在其他运输机械(飞机、叉车、挖掘机、起重机等工业用运输车辆、铁道车辆等)、自动售货机等中。
实施例
接下来,对本发明的实施例连同对比例进行说明。但是,本发明并不限于这些实施例。
首先,在实施例以及对比例之前,作为最内层材料,准备下述所示的材料。
〔聚酰胺1〕
75重量%的聚酰胺6(UBE1030B,宇部兴产公司制造)和25重量%的聚烯烃(TAFMERMH7020,三井化学公司制造)的混合树脂
〔聚酰胺2〕
聚酰胺11(Rilsan BESN O TL,Arkema公司制造)
〔胺化合物1〕
以上述化学式(1)所示的芳香族仲胺化合物(NOCRAC white,大内新兴化学工业公司制造)(熔点225℃)
〔胺化合物2〕
以上述化学式(2)所示的芳香族仲胺化合物(NOCRAC DP,大内新兴化学工业公司制造)(熔点130℃)
〔胺化合物3〕
以上述化学式(3)所示的芳香族仲胺化合物(NOCRAC TD,大内新兴化学工业公司制造)(熔点135℃)
〔胺化合物4〕
以上述化学式(4)所示的芳香族仲胺化合物(NOCRAC G-1,大内新兴化学工业公司制造)(熔点115℃)
〔胺化合物5〕
以下述化学式(5)所示的芳香族仲胺化合物(NOCRAC 6C,大内新兴化学工业公司制造)(熔点44℃)
[化5]
(碳二亚胺)
Carbodilite LA-1、日清纺化学公司制造
[实施例1~6、对比例1~5]
对后述的表1以及表2所示的各材料(最内层材料)以后述的表1以及表2所示的比例在260℃下进行熔融混合,制备最内层形成用的聚酰胺树脂组合物。接着,在树脂制成的芯棒(外径为8mm)上,进行最内层形成用的聚酰胺树脂组合物的熔融挤出成形。在这样形成的最内层(厚度为0.2mm)的外周面上,进行含有过氧化物交联剂的EPDM的挤出成形,使其热交联,进行橡胶层(厚度为0.5mm)的形成。然后,在上述热交联后,从该层叠软管体中拔出芯棒,并切割成长条的成形品,由此制作作为目的的制冷剂输送用软管(参照图1)。
针对这样得到的实施例以及对比例的制冷剂输送用软管按照下述的基准进行各特性的评价。将其结果一并示出于后述的表1以及表2中。
<耐制冷剂、冷冻机油性(条件1)>
在45g油(Daphne Hermetic oil,出光兴产公司制造)中加入有450μl的水的混合液(浓度为10000ppm)中,投入从实施例以及对比例的各软管的最内层采集的试验片(DIN53504-S3A哑铃形试验片)。接着,在投入有上述试验片的混合液中,以低温(-35℃)实施30秒的抽真空并加入60g的替代氟利昂气体(R-1234yf)之后,将投入有上述试验片的混合液在150℃的烘箱中放置72小时。之后,针对从上述混合液中取出的试验片以气氛温度为23℃、拉伸速度为200mm/分钟的条件进行拉伸试验,并测定拉伸伸长率(%)。然后,将拉伸伸长率为200%以上的情况评价为◎,将拉伸伸长率为100%以上且小于200%的情况评价为○,将拉伸伸长率小于100%的情况评价为×。
<耐制冷剂、冷冻机油性(条件2)>
在45g油(Daphne Hermetic oil,出光兴产公司制造)中加入有450μl的水的混合液(浓度为10000ppm)中,投入从实施例以及对比例的各软管的最内层采集的试验片(DIN53504-S3A哑铃形试验片)。接着,在投入有上述试验片的混合液中,以低温(-35℃)实施30秒的抽真空并加入60g的替代氟利昂气体(R-1234yf)之后,将投入有上述试验片的混合液在150℃的烘箱中放置120小时。之后,针对从上述混合液中取出的试验片以气氛温度为23℃、拉伸速度为200mm/分钟的条件进行拉伸试验,并测定拉伸伸长率(%)。然后,将拉伸伸长率为100%以上且小于200%的情况评价为◎,将拉伸伸长率为75%以上且小于100%的情况评价为○,将拉伸伸长率为50%以上且小于75%的情况评价为Δ,将拉伸伸长率小于50%的试验片评价为×。
<柔软性(拉伸弹性模量)>
通过T型模头对实施例以及对比例的各软管的最内层材料进行挤出成形,由此制作厚度为0.15mm的树脂薄膜。接着,对上述树脂薄膜进行冲压成形以用于拉伸评价,从而制作试件。针对该试件,依据ASTMD638进行拉伸弹性模量(MPa)的测定。然后,将上述拉伸弹性模量小于800MPa的情况评价为○,将上述拉伸弹性模量为800MPa以上的情况评价为×。
表1
(重量份)
表2
(重量份)
从上述表的结果可知,实施例的软管的耐制冷剂、冷冻机油性、柔软性均很优异。此外,在通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对实施例1~5的软管的最内层进行观察时,可确认该最内层由以聚酰胺6作为海相(基体)、且以聚烯烃作为岛相(分散相)的合金构成。
与其相对地,对比例的软管的耐制冷剂、冷冻机油性、柔软性的至少一项评价为×。
此外,在上述实施例中,示出了本发明的具体方式,但上述实施例只不过是示例而已,并非限定性的解释。意图在于将对本领域技术人员而言显而易见的各种变形包含在本发明的范围内。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的制冷剂输送用软管优选使用在以R-1234yf制冷剂那样地容易带有酸性的制冷剂为代表的、在空调散热器等中使用的二氧化碳、氟利昂、替代氟利昂、丙烷、水等的制冷剂输送用软管中。而且,上述制冷剂输送用软管不仅用于汽车,还可以优选使用在其他运输机械(飞机、叉车、挖掘机、起重机等工业用运输车辆、铁道车辆等)、自动售货机等中。
附图标记说明
1 最内层
2 橡胶层
Claims (2)
1.一种制冷剂输送用软管,是具备管状的最内层和设置于所述最内层的外周的橡胶层的制冷剂输送用软管,其特征在于,所述最内层的聚合物是以下述(A-1)成分作为主成分的由下述(A-1)成分以及(A-2)成分构成的共混聚合物,所述最内层,以所述共混聚合物为100重量份计,以1~50重量份的范围含有下述(B)成分,并且由在下述(A-1)成分的海相内分散有下述(A-2)成分的岛相的合金构成:
(A-1)选自由聚酰胺46、聚酰胺6、聚酰胺66、聚酰胺610、聚酰胺612以及聚酰胺1010构成的群组中的至少一种的脂肪族聚酰胺树脂,
(A-2)聚烯烃系弹性体,
(B)在一个分子中具有两个仲胺基的、熔点为200℃以上的芳香族仲胺化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制冷剂输送用软管,其特征在于,所述芳香族仲胺化合物(B)是在一个分子中具有二个以上芳香环的化合物。
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