CN109937926B - Fertilization hatching method for fishes producing viscous eggs - Google Patents
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- CN109937926B CN109937926B CN201910375125.5A CN201910375125A CN109937926B CN 109937926 B CN109937926 B CN 109937926B CN 201910375125 A CN201910375125 A CN 201910375125A CN 109937926 B CN109937926 B CN 109937926B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a fertilization hatching method for fishes producing sticky eggs, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. A fertilization hatching method for fish producing viscous eggs comprises the following steps: mixing sperms and ova of fish producing viscous ova in NaCl solution with mass concentration of 4-6 per mill, and fertilizing to obtain fertilized ova; placing the net piece in a water body in advance, uniformly spreading the fertilized eggs on the net piece in the water body, and controlling the spreading time within 3 min; transferring the mesh on which the fertilized eggs are spread from the water body to a viscous environment to make the fertilized eggs generate viscosity, and placing the viscous environment in the water body to obtain the fertilized eggs attached with the mesh; and hatching the fertilized eggs attached with the meshes. The method is simple and efficient, and can greatly improve the fertility rate and the hatching rate of the adhesive eggs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a fertilization hatching method for fishes producing viscous eggs.
Background
In the work of artificial insemination, the incubation of fertilized eggs is always a very important link, the egg is induced to lay in the outdoor environment, the way of circular incubation is unstable, and the influence of weather and outdoor environment is great. A considerable part of fishes produce sticky eggs, and the sticky eggs have many problems in the fertilization process due to the sticky characteristics of the fishes, for example, the fertilized eggs are easy to agglomerate to cause the reduction of the hatching rate, the debonding agent is unstable in uniformity when the debonding agent is used, manual debonding is not thorough, the pollution probability is high, and the like, so that the fertilization hatching rate is low, the fry quantity obtained in aquaculture is small, and the economic benefit of farmers is greatly restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a fertilization hatching method for fish producing sticky eggs, which is simple and convenient to operate and has a high fertilization rate.
The invention provides a fertilization hatching method of fish producing viscous eggs, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing sperms and ova of fish producing viscous ova in NaCl solution with mass concentration of 4-6 per mill, and fertilizing to obtain fertilized ova;
(2) placing the net piece in a water body in advance, uniformly spreading the fertilized eggs on the net piece in the water body, and controlling the spreading time within 3 min;
(3) transferring the mesh on which the fertilized eggs are spread from the water body to an environment where the fertilized eggs are sticky, so that the fertilized eggs are sticky and then placed in the water body, and obtaining the fertilized eggs attached to the mesh;
(4) and hatching the fertilized eggs attached with the meshes.
Preferably, the fish producing sticky eggs comprises silurus meridionalis, crucian carp, bream or pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
Preferably, the type of the water body in the step (2) is determined according to the type of the fish producing viscous eggs:
when the fishes producing viscous eggs are silurus meridionalis, the water body is clear water, and the environment producing viscosity in the step (3) is air; repeating the transferring operation for 3-5 times;
when the fish producing the viscous eggs is crucian carp, bream or pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the water body is NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 2.5-4 per mill, and the environment producing the viscosity in the step (3) is clear water.
Preferably, the temperature of the air is 25-27 ℃.
Preferably, the mesh specification of the mesh is determined according to the species of fish producing sticky eggs:
when the fish producing the viscous eggs is the silurus meridionalis, the aperture of the mesh is 25 meshes;
when the fish producing sticky eggs is crucian carp, bream or pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the aperture of the mesh is 40 meshes.
Preferably, the material of the mesh in step (2) comprises polyethylene.
Preferably, during the incubation in the step (4), the dissolved oxygen of the incubation water body is 6-8 mg/L.
Preferably, the fertilized eggs are uniformly spread in the step (2) based on non-stacking and non-overlapping.
Preferably, the fertilization time in the step (1) is 90-120 s.
Preferably, when the fish capable of producing sticky eggs in the step (1) is silurus meridionalis, crucian carp or bream, the number ratio of the sperms to the eggs is 1-3: 1;
when the fish producing the sticky eggs is the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the quantity ratio of the sperms to the eggs is 4-5: 1.
according to the fertilization incubation method for the fish producing the sticky eggs, the sperms and the eggs of the fish producing the sticky eggs are mixed and fertilized in the NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 5 per mill, so that the vigorous movement time of the sperms is prolonged to 40-60 s, the fertilization time is prolonged, the full fertilization is ensured, and the content of the fertilized eggs is increased; oosperms are evenly spread in the water body and spread on the net piece, the adhesiveness of the oosperms on the net piece is increased through exposure in air and immersion in the water body in an alternating mode, simultaneously, no debonding agent is needed when the oosperms are spread in the water body, the oosperms are adhered to an incubation device by utilizing the adhesive characteristics of the oosperms, evenly spread oosperms are obtained, the side effect caused by the debonding agent is solved, the influence of the oosperms on the incubation rate due to the fact that the oosperms are evenly distributed in an incubation mode is avoided, the oosperms are incubated on the net piece, and the fact that oxygen needed by each oosperms is sufficient when the oosperms are incubated can be guaranteed. Experiments show that the fertilization rate of the common hatching method is about 60-70 percent generally, the hatching rate is about 60 percent on average, the fertilization rate of the method is about 90 percent, the hatching rate can reach 70-80 percent, and if fertilization is not carried out in NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 4-6 per mill, the fertilization rate is equivalent to that of the common method.
Furthermore, according to the difference of species of fishes producing viscous eggs, the water body species and the aperture of the meshes during spreading are further limited, the catfish fertilized eggs do not generate viscosity in clear water within about 3min, the uniform spreading on the meshes is facilitated, meanwhile, the aperture of the meshes is limited to 25 meshes, the catfish fertilized eggs are favorably scattered in the water body without the aperture of the meshes to ensure the attachment rate of the fertilized eggs, and the fertilization hatchability is further improved; the egg laying operation of crucian carp, bream and pelteobagrus fulvidraco is carried out in NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 2.5-4 per mill, the aperture of the polyethylene mesh is 40 meshes, and the roe of crucian carp, bream, pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the like does not have viscosity for a long time in NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 2.5-4 per mill, so that the uniform egg laying is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a fertilization hatching method of fish producing viscous eggs, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing sperms and ova of fish producing viscous ova in NaCl solution with mass concentration of 4-6 per mill, and fertilizing to obtain fertilized ova;
(2) placing the net piece in a water body in advance, uniformly spreading the fertilized eggs on the net piece in the water body, and controlling the spreading time within 3 min;
(3) transferring the mesh on which the fertilized eggs are spread from the water body to an environment where the fertilized eggs are sticky, so that the fertilized eggs are sticky and then placed in the water body, and obtaining the fertilized eggs attached to the mesh;
(4) and hatching the fertilized eggs attached with the meshes.
The sperm and the ovum of the fish which produce the viscous ovum are mixed in NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 4-6 per mill and fertilized to obtain the fertilized ovum. The sperm and eggs include freshly collected sperm, eggs, and sperm and eggs frozen in a preservation solution. The sperm and the ovum are fertilized in NaCl solution, so that the vigorous movement time of the sperm is prolonged to 40-60 s, the fertilization time is prolonged, and the fertilization rate is improved. And gently and uniformly stirring the solution by using dry feathers in the fertilization process so as to fully fertilize, and completing fertilization within 90-120 s. The fertilization time is preferably 90 to 120 seconds, and more preferably 100 to 110 seconds. The mass concentration of the NaCl solution is preferably 5 per mill. When the fish producing the viscous eggs is silurus meridionalis, crucian carp or bream, the number ratio of the sperms to the eggs is 1-3: 1; when the fish producing the sticky eggs is the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the quantity ratio of the sperms to the eggs is 4-5: 1.
the fish capable of laying sticky eggs is not particularly limited in the invention, and the method is suitable for the fish capable of laying sticky eggs. The fish producing viscous eggs preferably comprises silurus meridionalis, crucian carp, bream or pelteobagrus fulvidraco. And (3) spreading the fertilized eggs in the water body in order to uniformly attach the fertilized eggs to the net piece without using a debonding agent. The type of the water body is preferably determined according to the type of fish producing viscous eggs: when the fish producing viscous eggs is the silurus meridionalis, the water body is clear water, and the immersion water body is clear water. The catfish eggs do not generate viscosity in clear water within about 3min, and fertilized eggs are uniformly spread. When the fish producing viscous eggs is crucian carp, bream or pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the water body is NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 2.5-4 per mill, and the immersion water body is NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 2.5-4 per mill. Crucian carp, bream and pelteobagrus fulvidraco roe do not have viscosity for a long time in NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 2.5-4 thousandths, so that uniform egg laying operation can be realized in NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 2.5-4 thousandths. The mass concentration of the NaCl solution is preferably 3 per mill. The uniform spreading is preferably based on the fact that the fertilized eggs do not gather and are not superposed.
In the present invention, the material of the mesh preferably includes polyethylene. The periphery of the polyethylene net piece is supported and molded by the steel ring, and the actual area can be adjusted according to the size of the hatching pond so as to facilitate the operation. The mesh specification of the mesh is determined according to the species of fishes laying sticky eggs: when the fish producing the viscous eggs is the silurus meridionalis, the aperture of the mesh is 25 meshes; when the fish producing sticky eggs is crucian carp, bream or pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the aperture of the mesh is 40 meshes.
After the spreading is finished, the mesh on which the fertilized eggs are spread is transferred from the water body to a viscosity-producing environment to enable the fertilized eggs to generate viscosity and then placed in the water body, and the transferring operation is repeated for 3-5 times to obtain the fertilized eggs attached to the mesh.
In the present invention, the catfish fertilized eggs are transferred to a viscous environment, preferably air. The catfish fertilized eggs can generate viscosity when exposed to the air, and are immersed in clear water for 3-5 times, so that the fertilized eggs are firmly attached to the surface of the mesh. The temperature of the air during the exposure is preferably 24-27 ℃, and more preferably 25-26 ℃. The exposure time is preferably 5 s.
In the present invention, crucian carp, bream or pelteobagrus fulvidraco is transferred to a viscosity-producing environment, which is preferably clear water. Eggs of crucian carp, bream or pelteobagrus fulvidraco can rapidly show viscosity when meeting clear water, and fertilized eggs can be firmly attached to the net piece.
After obtaining the fertilized eggs attached with the meshes, the method of the invention incubates the fertilized eggs attached with the meshes.
In the invention, during hatching, the dissolved oxygen of the hatching water body is preferably 6-8 mg/L, and more preferably 7 mg/L. The incubation is preferably carried out in an incubation tank. The depth of the fertilized eggs attached with the meshes in the hatching pond is preferably 0.4-1 m, and more preferably 0.8 m.
The fertilization hatching method for fish producing sticky eggs according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Fertilization hatching method for silurus meridionalis eggs
Mixing the sperm and eggs frozen in the preservation solution according to the quantity ratio of 3:1, then quickly adding a prepared NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 5 per mill, uniformly stirring for 1min, then spreading the fertilized eggs on a 25-mesh polyethylene mesh which is placed in clear water in advance, uniformly arranging the fertilized eggs within 3min, slowly taking out of the water surface, exposing the fertilized eggs in the air for 5s, slowly immersing the fertilized eggs in the water for 5s, repeating for 3 times, firmly attaching the fertilized eggs on the mesh, transferring the mesh into an incubation pool, introducing the air to ensure that the dissolved oxygen is 8mg/L, keeping the incubation pool continuously aerated and changing water, and incubating under normal incubation conditions. The fertilization incubation method described above was repeated for 3 replicates. And (5) counting the fertilization rate and the hatching rate.
Statistics show that the fertilization rate of the silurus meridionalis is 86.3 +/-3.8; the hatchability was 72.2% ± 5.6.
Example 2
Fertilization incubation method for crucian carp, bream and yellow catfish
Mixing sperm and ovum of crucian carp or bream frozen in the preservation solution according to the quantitative ratio of 3:1, wherein the sperm and ovum of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco are mixed according to the quantitative ratio of 5: 1, then respectively and rapidly adding a prepared NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 5 per mill, uniformly stirring for 1min, then spreading fertilized eggs on a 40-mesh polyethylene mesh, placing the mesh in the NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 3 per mill, uniformly spreading the fertilized eggs at the temperature of 23 ℃, slowly taking out the NaCl solution, transferring the fertilized eggs to clear water, wherein the fertilized eggs can rapidly generate viscosity to be attached to the mesh, transferring the mesh into an incubation pool, and performing the incubation method with the catfish hatching method.
Statistics shows that the fertility rates of the crucian carp, the bream and the pelteobagrus fulvidraco are 82.5% +/-4.6; the hatchability was 70.8% ± 3.5.
According to the embodiment, the fertilization rate of the silurus meridionalis is 86.3 +/-3.8 when the fertilization incubation is carried out by adopting the method provided by the invention; the hatchability is 72.2% +/-5.6; the fertilization rates of crucian carp, bream and pelteobagrus fulvidraco are all 82.5% +/-4.6; the hatching rate is 70.8% +/-3.5, which is obviously improved compared with the fertilization hatching method (65.0% of the fertilization rate and 70.0% of the hatching rate of the bream peruviae) disclosed in the conventional technology (see Tanguqing, Xuzhendong, and the like, artificial propagation technical research of the bream peruviae, aquatic scientific information, 2013,40(05), 263 plus 266).
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fertilization hatching method for fish producing viscous eggs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing sperms and ova of fish producing viscous ova in NaCl solution with mass concentration of 4-6 per mill, and fertilizing to obtain fertilized ova;
(2) placing the net piece in a water body in advance, uniformly spreading the fertilized eggs on the net piece in the water body, and controlling the spreading time within 3 min;
(3) transferring the mesh on which the fertilized eggs are spread from the water body to an environment where the fertilized eggs are sticky, so that the fertilized eggs are sticky and then placed in the water body, and obtaining the fertilized eggs attached to the mesh;
(4) hatching the fertilized eggs attached with the meshes;
the fish producing viscous eggs comprises silurus meridionalis, crucian carp, bream or pelteobagrus fulvidraco;
when the fishes producing viscous eggs are silurus meridionalis, the water body is clear water, and the environment producing viscosity in the step (3) is air; repeating the transferring operation for 3-5 times;
when the fish producing the viscous eggs is crucian carp, bream or pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the water body is NaCl solution with the mass concentration of 2.5-4 per mill, and the environment producing the viscosity in the step (3) is clear water.
2. The fertilization incubation method of claim 1, wherein the air temperature is 25-27 ℃.
3. Fertilization hatching method according to claim 1, wherein the mesh size of the mesh is determined according to the species of fish producing sticky eggs:
when the fish producing the viscous eggs is the silurus meridionalis, the aperture of the mesh is 25 meshes;
when the fish producing sticky eggs is crucian carp, bream or pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the aperture of the mesh is 40 meshes.
4. Fertilization hatching method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the mesh material in step (2) comprises polyethylene.
5. Fertilization incubation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dissolved oxygen in the incubation water during incubation in step (4) is 6 to 8 mg/L.
6. The fertilization hatching method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fertilized eggs are uniformly spread in the step (2) without piling or overlapping.
7. Fertilization incubation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fertilization time in step (1) is 90 to 120 s.
8. The fertilization incubation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when the fish producing sticky eggs in step (1) is silurus meridionalis, crucian carp or bream, the ratio of the number of sperm to the number of eggs is 1-3: 1;
when the fish producing the sticky eggs is the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the quantity ratio of the sperms to the eggs is 4-5: 1.
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| JP2957718B2 (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1999-10-06 | 学校法人東海大学 | How to hatch attached eggs |
| CN100426954C (en) * | 2004-07-12 | 2008-10-22 | 天津农学院 | Glutinous egg and fry hatching method |
| CN101822231B (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2011-11-16 | 云南省水产技术推广站 | Hatching method for Sinocyclocheilus grahami fertilized egg |
| CN102106282B (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2012-10-17 | 山东省海水养殖研究所 | Artificial inseminating and hatching method of high-viscosity fish eggs |
| CN105994092B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-10-02 | 广西壮族自治区水产引育种中心 | The general hatching method of semi-submersible type viscous roes |
| CN108935245A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-07 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | A kind of efficient hatching method of viscid egg fish oosperm |
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