CN109880955B - Smelting method and smelting device for treating iron-based multi-metal ore material in short process - Google Patents
Smelting method and smelting device for treating iron-based multi-metal ore material in short process Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/04—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces of multiple-hearth type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of hearth-type furnaces
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Abstract
The invention provides a smelting method and a smelting device for treating iron-based multi-metal ore materials in a short process. The smelting system adopted in the smelting method comprises a molten pool smelting device, a partition wall is arranged in a molten pool of the molten pool smelting device to divide the molten pool into a melting zone and an electric heating reduction zone, the bottom of the melting zone is communicated with the electric heating reduction zone, and the smelting method comprises the following steps: conveying iron-based multi-metal ore materials, fuel, flux and oxygen-enriched air to a melting zone for melting and partial reduction to obtain molten liquid; and conveying the molten liquid and the reducing agent to an electrothermal reduction zone for reduction smelting treatment to obtain molten iron containing vanadium and titanium slag. On one hand, the occupied area required by the smelting process is small, the configuration height difference of a molten pool smelting device is reduced, and the capital investment can be reduced; on the other hand, the operation steps of discharging and adding the melt can be omitted, and the production operation efficiency is improved. The melting bath combines melting and reduction dilution operation, and is beneficial to the separation of titanium slag and vanadium-containing molten iron.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal smelting, in particular to a smelting method and a smelting device for treating iron-based multi-metal ore materials in a short process.
Background
Vanadium titano-magnetite is an ore which is difficult to smelt. The currently mature and applied vanadium titano-magnetite smelting process mainly comprises two types: the first is blast furnace process, which includes sintering or pelletizing vanadium-titanium magnetite ore, adding into blast furnace and recovering iron and vanadium. At present, the steel is smelted mainly by using the process, such as Chinese climbing steel and bearing steel, Russian lower Tagill steel works and the like. The second method is a rotary kiln-electric furnace method. The method mainly comprises the steps of pre-reducing vanadium titano-magnetite iron ore concentrate by adopting a rotary kiln to obtain calcine; and then adding the calcine into an electric furnace for reduction smelting so as to recover iron and vanadium. At present, the smelting process mainly comprises new Zealand steel, south Africa Haiwelder and the like. Most of other vanadium titano-magnetite smelting processes are in research or industrial test stages, and large-scale industrial production is not realized.
The blast furnace process was the first method developed for treating vanadium titano-magnetite iron concentrate, which was capable of recovering about 90% iron, about 50% vanadium, but the titanium element was not recovered. The main advantages of the blast furnace method for processing vanadium-titanium magnetite ore are high production efficiency, large production scale and the disadvantages of high comprehensive energy consumption, long flow, difficult separation of iron slag, slag adhesion and low desulfurization capability. In addition, the blast furnace method is used for TiO in the slag2The content of (B) is desirably high, and generally less than 25%.
The rotary kiln-electric furnace method is characterized in that the vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate obtained by mineral separation can be directly used for smelting, the process is short, the recovery rates of iron and vanadium are higher than those of the blast furnace method, but the titanium slag cannot be recycled at present. The prior art (CN107858502A) provides a vanadium titano-magnetite processing method, which comprises the steps of carrying out ore dressing, rotary kiln pre-reduction, electric furnace reduction smelting and converter blowing on the vanadium titano-magnetite coarse ore in sequence to obtain vanadium slag and semisteel. Compared with a blast furnace method, the rotary kiln-electric furnace method has low comprehensive energy consumption, no need of coking and sintering and better environmental emission index. The rotary kiln-electric furnace method has the defects that the comprehensive energy consumption is still high, the dependence on electric power energy is strong, and the method is difficult to popularize in areas with deficient electric power resources or high electric power cost.
In view of the above problems, it is necessary to provide a short-flow and low-energy-consumption smelting method for iron-based multi-metal ore materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a smelting method and a smelting device for treating iron-based multi-metal ore materials in a short process, so as to solve the problems of long process and high energy consumption of the existing smelting process.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a smelting method for treating an iron-based multi-metal ore material in a short process, the iron-based multi-metal ore material including iron, titanium and vanadium, the smelting system used in the smelting method including a molten pool smelting device, a partition wall is provided in a molten pool of the molten pool smelting device to divide the molten pool into a melting zone and an electrothermal reduction zone, and a bottom of the melting zone is communicated with the electrothermal reduction zone, the molten pool is further provided with a first feed port and a second feed port communicated with the melting zone, and a slag discharge port and a metal discharge port communicated with the electrothermal reduction zone, and the first feed port is provided at a top of the molten pool smelting device, and the second feed port is provided at a side wall of the molten pool smelting device, the smelting method including: conveying iron-based multi-metal ore materials, fuel, flux and oxygen-enriched air to a melting zone for melting and partial reduction to obtain molten liquid; and conveying the molten liquid and the reducing agent to an electrothermal reduction zone for reduction smelting treatment to obtain molten iron containing vanadium and titanium slag.
Further, the melting and partial reduction process includes: adding iron-based multi-metal ore and flux into a melting zone through a first feed opening and/or a second feed opening of a molten pool melting device, immersing a nozzle of at least one first side-blowing spray gun below solid-phase materials in the melting zone through the second feed opening, and then spraying fuel and oxygen-enriched air into the melting zone by using the first side-blowing spray gun to perform melting and partial reduction processes to obtain molten liquid; preferably, the fuel is selected from one or more of the group consisting of natural gas, coal gas and pulverized coal; preferably, the oxygen-enriched air is a gas having a concentration of oxygen greater than 50% by volume.
Further, the step of the reduction smelting process further comprises: and (3) conveying the molten liquid to the electric heating reduction zone, and then spraying the reducing agent above the liquid level of the electric heating reduction zone by adopting a second side-blowing spray gun and/or a top-blowing spray gun.
Further, the temperature of reduction smelting treatment is 1450-1650 ℃; preferably, the temperature of the reduction smelting treatment is 1500-1600 ℃.
Further, before performing the melting and partial reduction process, the melting method further comprises: the iron-based multi-metal ore material, the fuel, the flux and the reducing agent are respectively pretreated, so that the particle sizes of the iron-based multi-metal ore material, the fuel, the flux and the reducing agent are all less than or equal to 50mm, and the water contents are all less than or equal to 15 wt%.
Further, the molten pool smelting system also comprises a cylinder mixing device which is respectively communicated with the first feeding port and/or the second feeding port, and before the melting and partial reduction processes, the smelting method also comprises the step of mixing materials by using the cylinder mixing device.
Further, the smelting system also comprises a waste heat recovery device, the smelting method also comprises a waste heat recovery step, and the waste heat recovery step comprises: recovering heat in the smoke generated in the melting and partial reduction process and the reduction smelting process by adopting a waste heat recovery device; preferably, after waste heat recovery treatment, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 100-200 ℃; preferably, the waste heat recovery device is a waste heat boiler.
Further, the smelting system also comprises a dust collecting device, and the smelting method also comprises the following steps: and after the waste heat recovery treatment is carried out on the flue gas, a dust collection device is adopted for carrying out dust collection treatment.
Further, the height difference between the bottom wall of the melting zone and the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone is 0-500 mm, preferably, the height of the bottom wall of the melting zone is higher than that of the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone, and more preferably, 150-500 mm; preferably, the slope of the receiving part between the bottom wall of the melting zone and the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone is 0 to 90 degrees, and more preferably 30 to 60 degrees.
Further, the iron-based multi-metal ore material is selected from vanadium titano-magnetite and/or sea sand ore.
The utility model provides a device is smelted to molten bath of short flow processing iron-based polymetallic mineral aggregate, the inside of molten bath smelting device is provided with the molten bath and sets up the partition wall in the molten bath, the partition wall divide into melting zone and electric heat reduction zone with the molten bath, the bottom and the electric heat reduction zone intercommunication in melting zone, the molten bath still is provided with first charge door and the second charge door that communicate with the melting zone and arranges cinder notch and metal discharge port that is linked together with the electric heat reduction zone, and first charge door setting is smelted the top of device at the molten bath, the second charge door setting is smelted on the lateral wall of device is smelted to the molten bath.
Further, the melting zone comprises at least one first side-blowing lance, the nozzle of which is submerged below the liquid level in the melting zone via a second charging port for injecting fuel and oxygen-enriched air into the melting zone.
Further, the electro-thermal reduction zone comprises: the tail end of the electrode is positioned below the solid-phase materials in the electrothermal reduction area and is used for supplying heat to the electrothermal reduction process; the nozzle of the second side-blowing spray gun and the nozzle of the top-blowing spray gun are both positioned above the liquid level of the electrothermal reduction zone and are used for spraying the reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction zone; preferably, the second side-blowing lances are respectively disposed on opposite side walls of the reduction zone.
Further, the height difference between the bottom wall of the melting zone and the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone is 0-500 mm, preferably, the height of the bottom wall of the melting zone is higher than that of the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone, and more preferably, 150-500 mm.
Further, the slope of the bearing part between the bottom wall of the melting area and the bottom wall of the electric heating reduction area is 0-90 degrees.
Furthermore, the molten pool smelting device is also provided with a flue, and the flue is arranged at the top of the molten pool corresponding to the electric heating reduction zone.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, in the smelting method, the smelting process, the melting and partial reduction process and the electrothermal reduction process are carried out in the same molten pool smelting device. On one hand, the occupied area required by the smelting process is small, the configuration height difference of the molten pool smelting device is reduced, and meanwhile, the capital investment on the molten pool smelting device can be reduced; on the other hand, the operation steps of discharging and adding the melt can be omitted, the production operation efficiency is improved, and the consumption of operators and corresponding tools and appliances is reduced. In addition, the melting and partial reduction process and the electrothermal reduction process are completed in the same molten pool melting device, and the electrothermal reduction zone can also utilize the heat of the molten liquid to maintain higher temperature, thereby reducing the consumption of electric energy when the molten liquid is singly reduced and depleted; the melting bath gives consideration to melting and reduction dilution operation, the amount of the stored melt in the furnace is relatively large, the slag storage time can be prolonged, and the separation of titanium slag and vanadium-containing molten iron is facilitated; meanwhile, the flue gas generated in the two processes can be mixed and treated, so that the investment for constructing two sets of flue gas treatment systems is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a smelting process for treating iron-based multi-metal ore material provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic structural view of a molten bath smelting apparatus for treating iron-based multi-metal ore material in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates an A-A side view of a molten bath smelting system for treating iron-based multi-metal ore material provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 illustrates a C-C side view of a molten bath smelting system for treating iron-based multi-metal ore material provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a melting zone; 11. a first side-blowing spray gun; 101. a first feed inlet; 102. a second feed inlet; 20. an electrically heated reduction zone; 21. an electrode; 22. a second side-blowing lance; 23. a top-blown spray gun; 24. a flue; 201. a slag discharge port; 202. a metal discharge port; 30. a partition wall.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
As described in the background art, the current smelting process has the problems of long flow and high energy consumption. In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a smelting method for treating iron-based multi-metal ore materials in a short flow, wherein the iron-based multi-metal ore materials comprise iron elements, titanium elements and vanadium elements, a smelting system adopted in the smelting method comprises a molten pool smelting device, a partition wall 30 is arranged in a molten pool of the molten pool smelting device to divide the molten pool into a melting zone 10 and an electrothermal reduction zone 20, the bottom of the melting zone 10 is communicated with the electrothermal reduction zone 20, the molten pool smelting device is provided with a first feed inlet 101 and a second feed inlet 102 which are communicated with the melting zone 10, and a slag discharge port 201 and a metal discharge port 202 which are communicated with the electrothermal reduction zone 20, the first feed inlet 101 is arranged at the top of the molten pool smelting device, and the second feed inlet 102 is arranged on the side wall of the molten pool smelting device; the device comprises a first feed inlet 101, a second feed inlet 102 and a slag discharge port 201, wherein the first feed inlet 101 is arranged at the top of the molten pool smelting device, and the second feed inlet 102 is arranged on the side wall of the molten pool smelting device; the mixing outlet is communicated with a first feeding opening 101 and/or a second feeding opening 102, as shown in figure 1, the smelting method comprises the following steps: conveying iron-based multi-metal ore materials, fuel, flux and oxygen-enriched air to a melting zone 10 for melting and partial reduction to obtain molten liquid; and (3) conveying the molten liquid and the reducing agent to an electrothermal reduction zone 20 for reduction smelting treatment to obtain molten iron containing vanadium and titanium slag.
The melting bath is divided into the melting zone 10 and the electrothermal reduction zone 20 by the partition wall 30, so that melting and a part of the reduction process and the electrothermal reduction process can be completed in one melting apparatus, and the partition wall 30 is provided to inhibit unreacted materials in the melting zone 10 from entering the electrothermal reduction zone 20. In the melting and partial reduction processes, raw materials are added into a melting zone 10 through a first feed inlet 101 and/or a second feed inlet 102, heat is provided through combustion of fuel and oxygen-enriched air, the iron-based multi-metal ore materials are melted and partially reduced, impurities in the iron-based multi-metal ore materials can be separated from iron elements in the form of titanium slag through the addition of the flux, and meanwhile, the melting point is reduced, so that molten liquid is obtained; after the molten liquid is conveyed to the electrothermal reduction area 20, the reducing agent is reduced with iron element, vanadium element and the like of the molten liquid, and simultaneously, under the depletion effect, liquid phase products and solid phase products in a reduction product system are separated to obtain molten iron and titanium slag containing the vanadium element, and the molten iron and the titanium slag are correspondingly discharged through a slag discharge port 201 and a metal discharge port 202.
The smelting process, the melting and partial reduction process and the electrothermal reduction process are carried out in the same molten pool smelting device. On one hand, the occupied area required by the smelting process is small, the configuration height difference of the molten pool smelting device is reduced, and meanwhile, the capital investment on the molten pool smelting device can be reduced; on the other hand, the operation steps of discharging and adding the melt can be omitted, the production operation efficiency is improved, and the consumption of operators and corresponding tools and appliances is reduced. In addition, the melting and partial reduction process and the electrothermal reduction process are completed in the same molten pool melting device, and the electrothermal reduction zone 20 can also utilize the heat of the molten liquid to maintain higher temperature, thereby reducing the consumption of electric energy when the molten liquid is singly reduced and depleted; the melting bath gives consideration to melting and reduction dilution operation, the amount of the stored melt in the furnace is relatively large, the slag storage time can be prolonged, and the separation of titanium slag and vanadium-containing molten iron is facilitated; meanwhile, the flue gas generated in the two processes can be mixed and treated, so that the investment for constructing two sets of flue gas treatment systems is reduced. Preferably, the iron-based multi-metallic minerals mentioned in the present application are selected from vanadium titano-magnetite and/or sea sand ore.
The smelting method has the advantages of short flow, low energy consumption, low cost, high recovery rate of iron and vanadium and the like. In a preferred embodiment, the melting and partial reduction process comprises: iron-based multi-metal ore materials and a fusing agent are added into a melting zone 10 through a first feeding port 101 and/or a second feeding port 102 of a molten pool melting device, a nozzle of at least one first side-blowing spray gun 11 is immersed below solid-phase materials in the melting zone 10 through the second feeding port 102, and then fuel and oxygen-enriched air are sprayed into the melting zone 10 through the first side-blowing spray gun 11 to carry out melting and partial reduction processes, so that a molten liquid is obtained. The first side-blowing spray gun 11 is adopted to spray fuel and oxygen-enriched air into the lower part of the solid-phase material in the melting zone 10, so that the molten liquid in the melting zone can be strongly stirred, the mass and heat transfer efficiency can be improved, and meanwhile, the recovery rate of subsequent vanadium elements and the like can be improved.
In the above smelting process, the fuel may be any one commonly used in the art. Preferably, the fuel is selected from one or more of the group consisting of natural gas, coal gas and pulverized coal. Preferably, the combustion coefficient is controlled to be 0.4-0.65.
In the above smelting method, the oxygen-enriched air is a gas having an oxygen content of more than 21 vol%, and in order to make the fuel burn more sufficiently and to improve the efficiency of converting the fuel into heat energy, it is preferable that the oxygen-enriched air is a gas having an oxygen concentration of more than 50 vol%. The adoption of the oxygen-enriched air is beneficial to further improving the efficiency of the melting process.
During the melting and partial reduction, a small amount of iron and vanadium are reduced. Most of the iron-based multi-metal ore materials are subjected to a deep reduction process in an electrothermal reduction process. Meanwhile, in the process of electrothermal reduction, vanadium-containing molten iron and titanium slag obtained after reduction need to be separated as much as possible. In order to improve the separation efficiency of the two, preferably, the step of the reduction smelting process further comprises: the molten liquid is conveyed to the electrothermal reduction zone 20, and then the reducing agent is sprayed above the liquid level of the electrothermal reduction zone 20 using the second side-blowing lance 22 and/or the top-blowing lance 23.
The second side-blowing lance 22 and/or the top-blowing lance 23 are/is adopted to spray the reducing agent into the molten liquid, so that the contact area of the molten liquid and the reducing agent can be increased, the molten liquid and the reducing agent can be fully reacted, and the reduction process of the vanadium metal can be further enhanced. The reducing agent is sprayed above the liquid level of the electrothermal reduction zone 20, which is beneficial to inhibiting the adding of raw materials from stirring the liquid level of the electrothermal reduction zone 20, thereby reducing the influence of the reducing agent on the separation efficiency of vanadium-containing molten iron and titanium slag in the depletion process.
Preferably, the second side-blowing lances 22 are respectively arranged on opposite side walls of the reduction zone for the purpose of side-to-side blowing, which is advantageous in further improving the efficiency of the reduction. The second side-blowing lance 22 is preferably a multi-channel multi-fuel composite submerged combustion lance.
In order to improve the recovery rate of vanadium, preferably, the temperature of reduction smelting treatment is 1450-1650 ℃; preferably, the temperature of the reduction smelting treatment is 1500-1600 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment, the smelting process further comprises, prior to performing the melting and partial reduction process: the iron-based multi-metal ore material, the fuel, the flux and the reducing agent are respectively pretreated, so that the particle sizes of the iron-based multi-metal ore material, the fuel, the flux and the reducing agent are all less than or equal to 50mm, and the water contents are all less than or equal to 15 wt%. The particle size and water content of the iron-based polymetallic mineral material include, but are not limited to, the above ranges, and it is advantageous to limit it to the above ranges to improve the melting efficiency of the iron-based polymetallic mineral material.
Preferably, the molten bath smelting system further comprises a cylinder mixing device communicated with the first feeding port 101 and/or the second feeding port 102 respectively, and the smelting method further comprises mixing materials by using the cylinder mixing device before the melting and partial reduction processes.
A certain amount of flue gas is generated in the smelting process, and generally the flue gas contains higher heat. In order to reduce the energy loss, in a preferred embodiment, the smelting system further comprises a waste heat recovery device, the smelting method further comprises a waste heat recovery step, and the waste heat recovery step comprises: and recovering heat in the smoke generated in the melting and partial reduction process and the reduction smelting process by adopting a waste heat recovery device. Preferably, the waste heat recovery device is a waste heat boiler. More preferably, after the waste heat recovery treatment, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 100-200 DEG C
In order to improve the environmental protection performance of the whole process, in a preferred embodiment, the smelting system further comprises a dust collecting device, and the smelting method further comprises the following steps: and after the waste heat recovery treatment is carried out on the flue gas, a dust collection device is adopted for carrying out dust collection treatment.
In a preferred embodiment, the height difference between the bottom wall of the melting zone 10 and the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone 20 is 0 to 500 mm. Preferably, the height of the bottom wall of the melting zone 10 is higher than that of the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone 20. Because the bottom wall of the melting zone 10 is higher than the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone 20, and the bottom of the melting zone 10 is communicated with the electrothermal reduction zone 20, the melting liquid of the iron-based multi-metal mineral material can be separated from the incompletely melted raw materials, the reduction object of the reducing agent is more targeted, and the recovery rate of iron elements and vanadium elements in the electrothermal reduction process is favorably improved. In order to further improve the recovery rate of vanadium, it is more preferable that the height difference between the bottom wall of the melting zone 10 and the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone 20 is 150 to 500 mm.
In order to increase the flow rate of the melt even more, in a preferred embodiment, the slope of the receiving portion between the bottom wall of the melting zone 10 and the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone 20 is 0 to 90 °, preferably 30 to 60 °.
In the smelting process, the oxides of Fe and V in the iron-based multi-metal ore materials are reduced to form a metal phase, namely vanadium-containing molten iron, and meanwhile TiO2、SiO2Combined with CaO to form slag phase. In a preferred embodiment, the slag type in the titanium slag is TiO2-SiO2The weight percentage of the-CaO titanium slag is 75-90 wt%. The slag form can be adjusted by adding limestone according to the raw material condition.
In a preferred embodiment, the flux is used in an amount of 0-20 wt% based on the weight of the iron-based multi-metal mineral material. The flux amount is limited within the range, which is beneficial to controlling the content of titanium element in the titanium slag so as to be further applied in the follow-up process.
In another aspect of the present application, there is provided a molten bath smelting apparatus for short-process treatment of iron-based multi-metal ore, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the molten bath smelting apparatus being provided therein with a molten bath and a partition wall 30 disposed in the molten bath, the partition wall 30 dividing the molten bath into a melting zone 10 and an electrothermal reduction zone 20, and a bottom of the melting zone 10 communicating with the electrothermal reduction zone 20, the molten bath smelting apparatus being provided with a first feed opening 101 and a second feed opening 102 communicating with the melting zone 10, and a slag discharge opening 201 and a metal discharge opening 202 communicating with the electrothermal reduction zone 20, and the first feed opening 101 being disposed at a top of the molten bath smelting apparatus, and the second feed opening 102 being disposed on a side wall of the molten bath smelting apparatus; the device comprises a first feed inlet 101, a second feed inlet 102 and a slag discharge port 201, wherein the first feed inlet 101 is arranged at the top of the molten pool smelting device, and the second feed inlet 102 is arranged on the side wall of the molten pool smelting device; the mixing outlet is communicated with the first feeding opening 101 and/or the second feeding opening 102.
The melting bath is divided into a melting zone 10 and an electrothermal reduction zone 20 by the partition wall 30, so that melting and a part of the reduction process and the electrothermal reduction process can be completed in one melting apparatus. In the melting and partial reduction processes, raw materials are added into a melting zone 10 through a first feed inlet 101 and/or a second feed inlet 102, heat is provided through combustion of fuel and oxygen-enriched air, the iron-based multi-metal ore materials are melted and partially reduced, impurities in the iron-based multi-metal ore materials can be separated from iron elements in the form of titanium slag through the addition of the flux, and meanwhile, the melting point is reduced, so that molten liquid is obtained; after the molten liquid is conveyed to the electrothermal reduction area 20, the reducing agent is reduced with iron element, vanadium element and the like of the molten liquid, and simultaneously, under the depletion effect, liquid phase products and solid phase products in a reduction product system are separated to obtain molten iron and titanium slag containing the vanadium element, and the molten iron and the titanium slag are correspondingly discharged through a slag discharge port 201 and a metal discharge port 202.
The melting bath smelting device is used for smelting the iron-based multi-metal ore materials, so that the melting and partial reduction process and the electrothermal reduction process can be carried out in the same melting bath smelting device. On one hand, the occupied area required by the smelting process is small, the configuration height difference of the molten pool smelting device is reduced, and meanwhile, the capital investment on the molten pool smelting device can be reduced; on the other hand, the operation steps of discharging and adding the melt can be omitted, the production operation efficiency is improved, and the consumption of operators and corresponding tools and appliances is reduced. In addition, the melting and partial reduction process and the electrothermal reduction process are completed in the same molten pool melting device, and the electrothermal reduction zone 20 can also utilize the heat of the molten liquid to maintain higher temperature, thereby reducing the consumption of electric energy when the molten liquid is singly reduced and depleted; the melting bath gives consideration to melting and reduction dilution operation, the amount of the stored melt in the furnace is relatively large, the slag storage time can be prolonged, the separation of titanium slag and vanadium-containing molten iron is facilitated, and the recovery rate of vanadium is improved; the flue gas generated by the two subareas can be mixed and treated, so that the investment for constructing two sets of flue gas treatment systems is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the melting zone 10 comprises at least one first side-blowing lance 11, the nozzle of the first side-blowing lance 11 being submerged below the solid phase material in the melting zone 10 via a second feed opening 102 for injecting fuel and oxygen-enriched air into the melting zone 10. The fuel and the oxygen-enriched air are sprayed into the melting zone 10 by the first side-blowing spray gun 11, so that the molten liquid in the melting zone can be strongly stirred, the mass and heat transfer efficiency can be improved, and meanwhile, the recovery rate of subsequent vanadium elements and the like can be improved.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the electro-thermal reduction zone 20 includes at least one electrode 21, at least one second side-blowing lance 22 and at least one top-blowing lance 23. The tail end of each electrode 21 is positioned below the solid-phase material in the electrothermal reduction area 20 and is used for supplying heat to the electrothermal reduction process; the nozzles of the second side-blowing lance 22 and the top-blowing lance 23 are both positioned above the liquid level of the electrothermal reduction zone 20 and are used for spraying the reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction zone 20. The reducing agent is injected by the second side-blowing lance 22 and/or the top-blowing lance 23 so as to increase the contact area of the molten liquid and the reducing agent, and the molten liquid and the reducing agent are fully reacted. Meanwhile, the reducing agent is sprayed above the liquid level of the electrothermal reduction zone 20, which is beneficial to inhibiting the adding of raw materials from stirring the liquid level of the electrothermal reduction zone 20, thereby reducing the influence of the reducing agent on the separation efficiency of vanadium-containing molten iron and titanium slag in the depletion process.
In a preferred embodiment, the height difference between the bottom wall of the melting zone 10 and the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone 20 is 0 to 500 mm. Preferably, the height of the bottom wall of the melting zone 10 is higher than that of the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone 20. Because the bottom wall of the melting zone 10 is higher than the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone 20, and the bottom of the melting zone 10 is communicated with the electrothermal reduction zone 20, the melting liquid of the iron-based multi-metal mineral material can be separated from the incompletely melted raw materials, the reduction object of the reducing agent is more targeted, and the recovery rate of iron elements and vanadium elements in the electrothermal reduction process is favorably improved. In order to further improve the recovery rate of vanadium, it is more preferable that the height difference between the bottom wall of the melting zone 10 and the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone 20 is 150 to 500 mm.
In order to improve the flow rate of the molten liquid more effectively, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the slope of the receiving portion between the bottom wall of the melting zone 10 and the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone 20 is 0 to 90 °.
In order to facilitate the discharge of the flue gas, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the bath smelting unit is further provided with a flue 24, and the flue 24 is arranged at the top of the molten bath corresponding to the electro-thermal reduction zone 20. In order to accelerate the discharge rate of the flue gas, it is more preferable that the flue 24 is disposed at the top of the molten bath corresponding to the electrically heated reduction zone 20 and near the melting zone 10.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
In examples 1 to 9 and comparative example 1, the composition of the iron-based polymetallic mineral aggregate was Fe 45-62 wt%, TiO2 7～20wt％、V2O50.1-1.2 wt%, and the balance of impurities, and the process flow is shown in figure 1.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, a partition wall 30 is provided inside a molten bath of the molten bath smelting apparatus to divide the molten bath into a melting zone 10 and an electrothermal reduction zone 20, and the bottom of the melting zone 10 communicates with the electrothermal reduction zone 20. The charge material is fed into the melting zone from the second feed inlet 102 and the melting zone 10 comprises a first side-blowing lance 11, the nozzle of the first side-blowing lance 11 being submerged below the solid phase material in the melting zone 10 to inject fuel and oxygen-enriched air into the melting zone 10.
The electric heating reduction area 20 is provided with 3 electrodes 21 (self-baking electrodes) and adopts alternating current power supply. A second side-blowing lance 22 and a top-blowing lance 23 are provided. The tail end of each electrode 21 is positioned below the solid-phase material in the electrothermal reduction area 20 and is used for supplying heat to the electrothermal reduction process; the nozzle of the second side-blowing lance 22 is located above the liquid level of the electrothermal reduction zone 20 for injecting the reductant into the electrothermal reduction zone 20. The height difference between the bottom wall of the melting zone 10 and the bottom wall of the electrothermal reducing zone 20 is 200mm, and the slope of the receiving part between the bottom wall of the melting zone 10 and the bottom wall of the electrothermal reducing zone 20 is 45 °. The molten bath smelting device is also provided with a flue 24, and the flue 24 is arranged at the top of the molten bath corresponding to the electrothermal reduction zone 20. The flue 24 is located at the top of the bath corresponding to the electro-thermal reduction zone 20 and near the melting zone 10. The reduction smelting temperature in the smelting process is about 1600 ℃.
Through the smelting process, the recovery rate of the vanadium element is 96 wt%, and the recovery rate of the iron element is 89 wt%.
Example 2
The differences from example 1 are:
the melting zone was not injected with fuel using a submerged side-blown lance.
Through the smelting process, the recovery rate of the vanadium element is 91 wt%, the recovery rate of the iron element is 86 wt%, and the comprehensive energy consumption is 8% higher than that of the example 1.
Example 3
The differences from example 1 are: the temperature of the reduction smelting treatment was 1550 ℃.
Through the smelting process, the recovery rate of the vanadium element is 87 wt%, the recovery rate of the iron element is 85 wt%, and the comprehensive energy consumption is 6% higher than that of the example 1.
Example 4
The differences from example 1 are: the height difference between the bottom wall of the melting zone 10 and the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone 20 is 100 mm.
Through the smelting process, the recovery rate of the vanadium element is 88 wt%, and the recovery rate of the iron element is 85 wt%.
Example 5
The differences from example 1 are: the charge material is fed from the first feed port 101 without being injected from the second feed port 102 by the inert gas.
Through the smelting process, the recovery rate of the vanadium element is 93 wt%, the recovery rate of the iron element is 87 wt%, and the comprehensive energy consumption is 5% higher than that of the example 1.
Example 6
The differences from example 1 are: a portion of the charge is introduced through the first port 101 and another portion is simultaneously injected through the second port 102.
Through the smelting process, the recovery rate of the vanadium element is 97 wt%, and the recovery rate of the iron element is 87 wt%.
Example 7
The differences from example 1 are: the number of the electrodes 21 of the electrothermal reduction region 20 is 2.
Through the smelting process, the recovery rate of the vanadium element is 94 wt%, and the recovery rate of the iron element is 85 wt%.
Example 8
The differences from example 1 are: the material of the electrode 21 of the electrothermal reduction region 20 is graphite electrode.
Through the smelting process, the recovery rate of the vanadium element is 95 wt%, and the recovery rate of the iron element is 88 wt%.
Example 9
The differences from example 1 are: the electrothermal reduction zone 20 employs a top-blown lance 23 to add the reducing agent.
Through the smelting process, the recovery rate of vanadium is 94 wt%, the recovery rate of iron is 87 wt%, and the comprehensive energy consumption is 5% higher than that of example 1.
Comparative example 1
The differences from example 1 are: no partition wall is provided between the melting zone 10 and the electrothermal reduction zone 20.
Through the smelting process, the recovery rate of the vanadium element is 82 wt%, the recovery rate of the iron element is 85 wt%, and the comprehensive energy consumption is 5% higher than that of the example 1.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
in the smelting method, the smelting process, the melting and partial reduction process and the electric heating reduction process are carried out in the same molten pool smelting device. On one hand, the occupied area required by the smelting process is small, the configuration height difference of the molten pool smelting device is reduced, and meanwhile, the capital investment on the molten pool smelting device can be reduced; on the other hand, the operation steps of discharging and adding the melt can be omitted, the production operation efficiency is improved, and the consumption of operators and corresponding tools and appliances is reduced. In addition, the melting and partial reduction process and the electrothermal reduction process are completed in the same molten pool melting device, and the electrothermal reduction zone can also utilize the heat of the molten liquid to maintain higher temperature, thereby reducing the consumption of electric energy when the molten liquid is singly reduced and depleted; the melting bath gives consideration to melting and reduction dilution operation, the amount of the stored melt in the furnace is relatively large, the slag storage time can be prolonged, and the separation of titanium slag and vanadium-containing molten iron is facilitated; meanwhile, the flue gas generated in the two processes can be mixed and treated, so that the investment for constructing two sets of flue gas treatment systems is reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A smelting method for treating iron-based multi-metal ore materials in a short process comprises the following steps of 45-62 wt% of Fe and TiO2 7～20wt％、V2O50.1-1.2 wt% and the balance of impurities, wherein a smelting system adopted in the smelting method comprises a molten pool smelting device, a molten pool of the molten pool smelting device is provided with a partition wall (30) so as to divide the molten pool into a melting zone (10) and an electric heating reduction zone (20), and the bottom of the melting zone (10) is communicated with the electric heating reduction zone (20);
the molten pool is also provided with a first feed inlet (101) and a second feed inlet (102) which are communicated with the melting zone (10), and a slag discharge port (201) and a metal discharge port (202) which are communicated with the electrothermal reduction zone (20), the first feed inlet (101) is arranged at the top of the molten pool smelting device, and the second feed inlet (102) is arranged on the side wall of the molten pool smelting device;
the smelting method comprises the following steps:
conveying the iron-based multi-metal ore material, fuel, flux and oxygen-enriched air to the melting zone (10) for melting and partial reduction to obtain molten liquid; conveying the molten liquid and a reducing agent to the electrothermal reduction zone (20) for reduction smelting treatment to obtain molten iron containing vanadium and titanium slag, and obtaining molten iron containing vanadium and titanium slag;
the melting and partial reduction steps include: feeding the iron-based multi-metal ore material and the flux into the melting zone (10) through a first feeding port (101) and/or a second feeding port (102) of the molten bath smelting device, submerging a nozzle of at least one first side-blowing lance (11) below solid-phase material in the melting zone (10) through the second feeding port (102), and then injecting the fuel and the oxygen-enriched air into the melting zone (10) by using the first side-blowing lance (11) to perform the melting and partial reduction processes to obtain the molten liquid;
the molten bath smelting system also comprises a cylinder mixing device which is respectively communicated with the first feeding port (101) and/or the second feeding port (102), and before the melting and partial reduction processes, the smelting method also comprises mixing materials by adopting the cylinder mixing device;
the electro-thermal reduction zone (20) comprises: at least one electrode (21), the end of the electrode (21) being located below the solid phase material of the electro-thermal reduction zone (20) for supplying heat to the reduction smelting process;
the method is characterized in that:
the height of the bottom wall of the melting zone (10) is higher than that of the bottom wall of the electric heating reduction zone (20), and the height difference is 200 mm;
the side wall of the electrothermal reduction zone (20) is also provided with at least one second side-blowing spray gun (22), the top of the electrothermal reduction zone (20) is also provided with at least one top-blowing spray gun (23), and the nozzle of the second side-blowing spray gun and the nozzle of the top-blowing spray gun are both positioned above the liquid level of the electrothermal reduction zone (20);
injecting the reductant into the electro-thermal reduction zone (20) via the second side-blowing lance and a top-blowing lance (23) during the reduction smelting process;
the slag type in the titanium slag is TiO2-SiO2The weight percentage content of the CaO-titanium slag is 75-90%, and the temperature of the reduction smelting treatment is 1600 ℃.
2. Smelting process according to claim 1, wherein the fuel is selected from one or more of the group consisting of natural gas, coal gas and pulverized coal.
3. Smelting process according to claim 2, wherein the oxygen-enriched air is a gas having a concentration of oxygen greater than 50% by volume.
4. Smelting process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein prior to performing the melting and partial reduction process, the smelting process further comprises: and respectively pretreating the iron-based multi-metal ore material, the fuel, the flux and the reducing agent so that the particle sizes of the iron-based multi-metal ore material, the fuel, the flux and the reducing agent are all less than or equal to 50mm, and the water content is all less than or equal to 15 wt%.
5. The smelting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the smelting system further includes a waste heat recovery device, the smelting method further including a step of waste heat recovery, the step of waste heat recovery including: and recovering heat in the smoke generated in the melting and partial reduction process and the reduction smelting process by adopting the waste heat recovery device.
6. The smelting method according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 100-200 ℃ after the waste heat recovery treatment.
7. Smelting method according to claim 5, wherein the waste heat recovery device is a waste heat boiler.
8. Smelting process according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the smelting system further includes dust collection apparatus, the smelting process further including: and after the waste heat recovery treatment is carried out on the flue gas, carrying out dust collection treatment by adopting the dust collection device.
9. Smelting process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the slope of the junction between the bottom wall of the melting zone (10) and the bottom wall of the electrothermal reduction zone (20) is 30-60 °.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910309060.4A CN109880955B (en) | 2019-04-17 | 2019-04-17 | Smelting method and smelting device for treating iron-based multi-metal ore material in short process |
| PCT/CN2020/083785 WO2020211689A1 (en) | 2019-04-17 | 2020-04-08 | Smelting method and smelting device for processing iron-based polymetallic mineral materials using short process |
| ZA2020/05923A ZA202005923B (en) | 2019-04-17 | 2020-09-25 | Smelting method and smelting device for treating iron-based polymetallic ore in short process |
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| CN109880955B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2021-01-08 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Smelting method and smelting device for treating iron-based multi-metal ore material in short process |
| CN111101001B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2023-06-16 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | One-step nickel smelting system and one-step nickel smelting method |
| CN111235389B (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2024-01-23 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Smelting method and device of vanadium titano-magnetite |
| CN111457735A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-28 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Integrated pyrometallurgical furnace and method for treating zinc leaching residues |
| CN111961782B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2023-10-31 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Vanadium titano-magnetite reduction smelting method and device |
| CN112195299B (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2022-06-03 | 北京中冶设备研究设计总院有限公司 | Device and method for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on ferronickel slag of electric arc furnace |
| CN111926133B (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-01-08 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for smelting iron-based mineral |
| CN115245952A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2022-10-28 | 江苏美东环境科技有限公司 | Plasma coupling oxygen-enriched gasification melting furnace and method for treating solid hazardous waste by using same |
| CN114807483A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-29 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Smelting method and smelting device for high-phosphorus iron ore |
| CN115058602B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2024-04-26 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Direct continuous lead smelting method and device |
| CN116147336A (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-05-23 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Sulfur-containing multi-metal solid waste smelting furnace and smelting treatment method thereof |
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| CN109880955A (en) | 2019-06-14 |
| ZA202005923B (en) | 2022-03-30 |
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