CN113265549A - Method for treating laterite-nickel ore and stainless steel metallurgy waste by oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace - Google Patents
Method for treating laterite-nickel ore and stainless steel metallurgy waste by oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN113265549A CN113265549A CN202110822140.7A CN202110822140A CN113265549A CN 113265549 A CN113265549 A CN 113265549A CN 202110822140 A CN202110822140 A CN 202110822140A CN 113265549 A CN113265549 A CN 113265549A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
- C22B23/023—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/32—Obtaining chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating laterite nickel ore and stainless steel metallurgy waste by using an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace. The method comprises the following steps: adding the dried and dehydrated laterite-nickel ore into an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, and adding a reducing agent for smelting; simultaneously spraying the mixed powder, the oxygen-enriched gas and the fuel gas into a molten pool of an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace by using a spray gun, controlling the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched gas, and completing the reduction of valuable metals to obtain ferronickel molten liquid; the mixed powder comprises stainless steel dedusting ash and carbon powder; the spray gun is of a multi-ring-seam type channel structure. According to the invention, laterite-nickel ore and stainless steel metallurgy waste are cooperatively treated by adopting an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, so that valuable metals in the stainless steel metallurgy waste are reduced and enter ferronickel solution while laterite-nickel ore smelting is realized, impurities enter furnace slag, and the stainless steel metallurgy waste is recycled; in addition, the invention can also produce the nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel through the ferronickel melt, thereby simplifying the production process, reducing the energy consumption and improving the smelting efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laterite-nickel ore smelting and metallurgical solid waste recycling application, in particular to a method for treating laterite-nickel ore and stainless steel metallurgical waste by using an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace.
Background
Nickel metal is widely applied in the technical fields of stainless steel, fuel cells and the like. At present, nickel ore mainly exists in two forms of nickel sulfide ore and laterite nickel ore, wherein laterite nickel ore has a large proportion, and how to develop and utilize laterite nickel ore with high efficiency, environmental protection, low energy consumption and low cost is the main research direction of nickel metallurgy at present.
A large amount of metallurgical wastes including acid-washing sludge and stainless steel dedusting ash are produced in the production process of stainless steel. The stainless steel dedusting ash has wide recycling value because of containing a large amount of elements such as nickel, chromium, iron and the like, and meanwhile, the stainless steel dedusting ash contains a large amount of heavy metal ions which have serious harm to reduction, particularly Cr in the stainless steel dedusting ash6+And the toxicity is extremely high. The prior stainless steel dedusting ash treatment process generally reduces valuable elements such as nickel, chromium, iron and the like in the dedusting ash through slag-gold reaction, and can reduce the highly toxic Cr6+Processed into nontoxic Cr3+(ii) a However, the method has complex process and increased process cost, and when smelting in high-temperature furnaces such as submerged arc furnaces or electric furnaces, the pellet-shaped dedusting ash is easy to form a cold charge area at the position of charging, so that the reaction kinetic condition of the materials is poor, the slag-gold is difficult to reach a balanced state, the yield of the dedusting ash is reduced, and the Cr in the slag is reduced2O3The content of the silicon iron is higher, and the consumption of reducing agents such as silicon iron is large; in addition, the problem of secondary dust pollution exists in the pelletizing and dust removal transportation processes. Thus, it is possible to provideHow to digest stainless steel production enterprises with high efficiency and low cost.
The laterite nickel ore smelting technology in the prior art comprises blast furnace smelting and electric furnace smelting. The method for smelting the laterite-nickel ore in the blast furnace has the advantage that the laterite-nickel ore with low comprehensive grade is greatly limited in the blast furnace smelting process. The method for smelting the laterite-nickel ore by the electric furnace is common, and comprises short-flow and long-flow production processes. The short process takes stainless steel scrap as a main raw material, and utilizes the traditional two-step method, namely an electric arc furnace and AOD production process, and the short process has the defects of unsatisfactory yield of valuable metal elements of the stainless steel scrap and high investment and operation cost. The long process is to obtain low-nickel molten iron by using laterite-nickel ore as a main raw material through sintering and blast furnace processes, further loading the low-nickel molten iron into an AOD refining converter, and simultaneously adding ferrochrome and electrolytic manganese into the AOD refining converter to finish final smelting; the long-flow process has the defects of long process flow, high investment cost, long construction period and more discharged wastes.
With the wide use of austenitic stainless steel materials and the comprehensive consideration of the factors of high price of nickel metal and the like, the development of nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel is also receiving wide attention at present. Manganese is a main forming element of an austenite phase and can replace part of nickel to smelt austenitic stainless steel. At present, austenitic stainless steel is mainly produced by adopting an electric furnace and AOD converter duplex method. In the working procedure of the electric furnace, nickel-containing pig iron and chromium alloy are required to be added, the raw materials are melted by an electric arc heating melting mode, and the working procedure needs a large amount of electric energy and has high production cost. Therefore, the development of the production process for smelting the nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel from the laterite-nickel ore has important significance.
The Chinese application CN 111172461A discloses 'stainless steel produced by low-nickel laterite-nickel ore on the surface layer and a preparation method thereof', the main process route is to smelt low-grade laterite-nickel ore into molten iron or semi-molten steel by a blast furnace or RKEF, transfer the molten iron or semi-molten steel to AOD for blowing, adjust the chemical components of the stainless steel, and transfer the stainless steel to LF for refining, deoxidation and desulfurization treatment. The process has the problems of long process flow, poor air permeability of the laterite-nickel ore smelted by the blast furnace and the like.
Chinese application CN 111057944A discloses 'a nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel and a method for producing the same by using laterite-nickel ore', the main process route is to smelt low-grade laterite-nickel ore by a blast furnace to obtain nickel-containing molten iron, and smelt the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel by AOD. The process comprises the steps of drying laterite-nickel ore by using a rotary kiln to remove water, pelletizing, conveying the pellets into a sintering machine for sintering treatment, melting and separating ferronickel and furnace slag by using a blast furnace, conveying the ferronickel into an AOD (argon oxygen decarburization) for converting, slagging, desulfurizing and degassing, and finally performing LF (ladle furnace) refining. The process has the defects of complex working procedure and long flow.
The Chinese application CN101701312A discloses a method for smelting stainless steel mother liquor by using chromium ore powder and laterite as raw materials, and the main process route is mixing → briquetting → batching → fuel → smelting chromium-containing molten iron. The process comprises the steps of uniformly mixing chromium ore powder, laterite, a binding agent, a carbon reducing agent and the like according to a fixed proportion, briquetting by using a briquetting machine, mixing the pressed briquettes with a solvent and the reducing agent, and melting and separating ferronickel by using a blast furnace or a shaft furnace. The process has the problems of complex process, long flow and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for treating laterite-nickel ore and stainless steel metallurgical waste by using an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, which has the advantages of simple process, short flow, low production cost, high treatment efficiency and the like, and can further produce and obtain nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel by adopting the method.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for treating laterite-nickel ore and stainless steel metallurgy waste by using an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, which comprises the following steps: adding the dried and dehydrated laterite-nickel ore into an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, and adding a reducing agent for smelting; simultaneously spraying mixed powder, oxygen-enriched gas and fuel gas into a molten pool of the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace by using a spray gun, controlling the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched gas, and completing valuable metal reduction to obtain ferronickel molten liquid; wherein the mixed powder comprises stainless steel dedusting ash and carbon powder; the spray gun is of a multi-annular-slit type channel structure.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and refining the ferronickel solution by adopting an AOD refining furnace and an LF refining furnace to produce the nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel.
Optionally, the method further comprises: designing the components of the molten stainless steel according to the component requirements of the nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel to be produced; and (4) batching according to the components of the stainless steel melt, and adding the batching before smelting.
Optionally, the lance comprises at least a three passage lance. For example, the spray gun may be a three-channel spray gun, and the three-channel spray gun sequentially comprises, from inside to outside: the central channel is used for blowing and spraying the mixed powder; the first annular seam channel is used for blowing oxygen-enriched gas; and a second annular gap passage for injecting fuel gas.
Optionally, the discharge outlet area of the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace is provided with an electrode auxiliary heating area for supplying heat to the ferronickel melt.
Optionally, when the central channel is used for blowing the mixed powder, the solid-gas ratio in the central channel is 3-10. The granularity of the stainless steel dedusting ash in the mixed powder is less than 200 meshes.
Optionally, the mass flow ratio of the carbon powder in the central channel, the stainless steel dedusting ash and the oxygen-enriched gas in the first circular seam channel is (8-20): 100: (20-40).
Optionally, the mass flow ratio of the fuel gas in the second annular seam channel to the oxygen in the oxygen-enriched gas in the first annular seam channel is (1-3): 1.
Optionally, the stokehole pressure of the oxygen-enriched gas is 0.2MPa to 0.6 MPa.
Optionally, the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched gas is 20% to 60%.
Optionally, drying and dehydrating the laterite-nickel ore by using flue gas of a rotary kiln or a high-temperature furnace, so that the moisture content of the dried and dehydrated laterite-nickel ore is 5% -20%.
Optionally, the reducing agent is one of anthracite, semi-coke, graphite powder and coke.
Optionally, the adding amount of the reducing agent is 3-8% of the mass of the lateritic nickel ore.
Optionally, during smelting, the smelting temperature is controlled to be 1400-1650 ℃, and CaO/SiO in the slag is controlled20.8 to 1.8, Fe/SiO20.8 to 1.5 percent of MgO, and 3 to 15 percent of MgO.
Alternatively, 1-6 spray guns can be adopted to spray simultaneously.
Optionally, the spray guns adopt an inclined downward spraying mode; the tail end of the spray gun is immersed into the molten pool, and the immersion depth is more than 80 mm.
According to the method for treating the laterite-nickel ore and the stainless steel metallurgy waste material by using the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, the laterite-nickel ore and the stainless steel metallurgy waste material are cooperatively treated by using the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, valuable metals in the stainless steel metallurgy waste material are reduced and enter a ferronickel solution while smelting of the laterite-nickel ore is realized, impurities enter furnace slag, and therefore recycling of the stainless steel metallurgy waste material is realized. In addition, the invention can also produce austenitic stainless steel through ferronickel melt, thus simplify the production process, reduce the energy consumption, raise and smelt the efficiency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) in the prior art, laterite-nickel ore is used for smelting stainless steel by a pyrometallurgical method, the laterite-nickel ore is influenced by the requirement of ferronickel grade, most laterite-nickel ore is used as medium and high grade laterite-nickel ore of silicomagnesium type, and the pyrometallurgy economic benefit of the laterite-nickel ore of low nickel and high iron type on the surface layer is lower. The method utilizes the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting technology to selectively reduce valuable metal nickel and partial iron in the laterite-nickel ore by controlling the oxygen-enriched concentration, thereby achieving the control of the ferronickel grade requirement.
(2) In the prior art, when the laterite-nickel ore is smelted by a blast furnace, the laterite-nickel ore needs to be selectively subjected to the working procedures of drying, granulating, pelletizing, mixing, sintering and the like, so that the process flow is long; and adverse factors such as poor air permeability, low temperature of a furnace hearth and the like exist during blast furnace smelting, so that the low-grade laterite-nickel ore is greatly limited in the blast furnace smelting process. The method utilizes the side-blown molten pool smelting technology, is not limited by the grade of the laterite nickel ore, and simultaneously, the side-blown molten pool smelting distance is beneficial to using the physicochemical reaction of valuable metals in the slag, improving the recovery rate of the valuable metals nickel and chromium and controlling the partial reduction of iron.
(3) In the prior art, stainless steel smelting waste materials such as acid washing sludge, dedusting ash and the like are mixed, granulated, pelletized and sintered, and valuable metals such as nickel, chromium and iron are recovered by smelting and sintering the pellets in an electric arc furnace. In the method, the side-blowing spray gun is used for directly blowing the dust removal ash powder and the coal powder into the molten bath by using the oxygen-enriched gas, so that the dust removal ash is quickly melted, the reduction reaction of valuable metals such as nickel, chromium, iron and the like is completed, and the toxic Cr is effectively treated6+The recycling problem is solved, the reaction efficiency is improved, simultaneously, the process flow is simplified, the procedures of material mixing, granulation, pelletizing, sintering and the like are reduced, and the pollution of secondary dust of the dust to the environment is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace employed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-channel oxygen-enriched side-blown lance in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for treating laterite-nickel ore and stainless steel metallurgy waste with an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace in an embodiment of the invention;
in fig. 1-2, 1 is a furnace body, 2 is a charging port, 3 is an electrode, 4 is a three-channel spray gun, 5 is a slag discharge port, 6 is a molten metal discharge port, 7 is a partition wall, 41 is a central channel, 42 is a first circular seam channel, and 43 is a second circular seam channel.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for treating laterite-nickel ore and stainless steel metallurgy waste by using an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, which comprises the following steps: adding the dried and dehydrated laterite-nickel ore into an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, and adding a reducing agent for smelting; in the smelting process, a spray gun is adopted to simultaneously spray mixed powder, oxygen-enriched gas and fuel gas into a molten pool of the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched gas is controlled, and valuable metal reduction is completed to obtain ferronickel molten liquid; the spray gun is of a multi-annular-slit type channel structure.
In the invention, the water content of the dried and dehydrated laterite-nickel ore can be 5-20%. The mixed powder material can comprise stainless steel dedusting ash and carbon powder, and the granularity of the stainless steel dedusting ash is preferably less than 200 meshes. The stokehole pressure of the oxygen-enriched gas can be 0.2MPa to 0.6 MPa; the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched gas can be 20% -60%; during smelting, the smelting temperature can be controlled to be 1400-1650 ℃. The reducing agent can be one of anthracite, semi coke, graphite powder and coke, and the addition amount of the reducing agent can be 3-8% of the mass of the laterite-nickel ore.
The method fully utilizes the characteristics of low nickel and high chromium of the laterite-nickel ore on the surface layer, cooperatively treats the laterite-nickel ore and stainless steel metallurgy waste, specifically stainless steel dedusting ash, utilizes the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting technology to smelt the low-grade laterite-nickel ore, simultaneously completes the reduction of valuable metals in the stainless steel dedusting ash, and allows impurities to enter furnace slag. Wherein, by controlling the oxygen-enriched concentration of the oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting, the selective reduction of valuable metals such as nickel, chromium, iron and the like in the laterite-nickel ore can be carried out, the recovery rate is controlled, and finally the medium-grade and high-grade nickel-containing and ferrochrome molten iron is obtained. Meanwhile, the fine powder of the stainless steel dedusting ash, carbon powder and oxygen-enriched gas are sprayed into the molten pool of the side-blown molten pool smelting furnace by using a side-blown spray gun on the furnace wall, a high-temperature and high-carbon reaction area is formed near the outlet of the spray gun, the fine powder of the stainless steel dedusting ash is rapidly melted in the area by flame combustion, and the reduction reaction of valuable metals nickel and chromium is completed, so that the valuable metals in the dedusting ash enter the ferronickel molten liquid, and impurities enter the furnace slag. Wherein, the addition of carbon powder can control the oxygen potential of the fusant at the front end of the oxygen-enriched spray gun, and the addition amount can be less than 3 percent of the mass of the stainless steel dedusting ash.
Fig. 1 and 2 schematically show the structure of an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace and a triple channel lance 4 used in the embodiment of the present invention, respectively. It should be noted that the spray gun of the present invention is a multi-channel structure, but is not limited to three channels, and may be a multi-channel circular seam structure.
As shown in fig. 1, the oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace includes: the furnace body 1, the charge door 2, the electrode 3, the three-channel spray gun 4, the slag discharge port 5, the molten metal discharge port 6, the partition wall 7. Wherein, furnace body 1 can be the L shape structure, and charge door 2 is located furnace body 1 top, and electrode 3 is located slag and molten metal discharge port one side, and three-channel spray gun 4 sets up on furnace body 1 lateral wall, and further preferred is located the discharge port offside. In order to ensure enough heat of melt in the furnace and avoid the ferronickel alloy at the furnace bottom from freezing, the discharge of ferronickel melt and furnace slag is facilitated, an electrode auxiliary heat area for providing heat for the ferronickel melt can be arranged in the discharge port area of the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, namely, heat is supplied to the discharge port area through an electrode 3, and the electrode current can be controlled to be 1.0-1.4 KA.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the three-channel spray gun 4 may include, in order from inside to outside: a central channel 41 for blowing the mixed powder; a first circumferential seam passage 42 for blowing oxygen-enriched gas; and a second annular gap passage 43 for injecting fuel gas. It should be noted that what kind of material is specifically blown in the three channels is not limited to this, as long as the mixed powder, the oxygen-enriched gas and the fuel gas are respectively located in different channels, and when the mixed powder is not blown in the central channel 41, the oxygen-enriched gas or the fuel gas can be blown in. Further, 1-6 three-channel spray guns 4 can be adopted for simultaneously spraying, and all three-channel spray guns 4 adopt an oblique downward spraying mode; the tail end of the three-channel spray gun 4 is immersed into the molten pool to a depth of more than 80 mm. The oxygen-enriched air can be oxygen-enriched air which mainly comprises oxygen and nitrogenThe mixed gas of (1). The fuel gas may be natural gas. The invention adopts the three-channel spray gun 4 to mix the dedusting ash with the carbon powder, and then the mixture is directly injected into the molten pool to complete the rapid melting and reduction reaction, thereby safely and efficiently treating the Cr-containing slag6+The method has the advantages that the toxic stainless steel dedusting ash reduces valuable metal elements such as chromium, nickel, iron and the like in the dedusting ash and counts in the stainless steel mother liquor, oxygen-enriched side blowing is utilized to increase the reaction intensity of a molten pool, the stirring amplitude of the molten pool is increased, the content of the valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, chromium, iron and the like in furnace slag is reduced, and the recovery rate of the valuable metals is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, when the central channel 41 is used for blowing the mixed powder, the solid-gas ratio in the central channel 41 is 3-10. The mass flow ratio of the carbon powder in the central channel 41, the stainless steel dedusting ash and the oxygen-enriched gas in the first annular seam channel 42 is (8-20): 100: (20-40). The mass flow ratio of the fuel gas in the second annular seam channel 43 to the oxygen in the oxygen-enriched gas in the first annular seam channel 42 is (1-3): 1. In the embodiment, the solid powder of the spray gun is smoothly conveyed by controlling the parameters, the melting effect of the sprayed solid powder into the melt and the control of the partial melt oxygen potential at the front end of the spray gun are ensured, and the reduction condition of the valuable metal in the melt is provided.
In an optional embodiment, the method may further comprise: and further producing the nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel by adopting the ferronickel solution. Specifically, the method can be matched with an AOD two-step method to smelt the nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel.
Fig. 3 schematically shows a production process flow chart of a method for treating laterite-nickel ore and stainless steel metallurgical waste by using an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace and further cooperating with an AOD two-step method to smelt the nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel. As shown in fig. 3, may include:
step S1: designing the water content of the stainless steel according to the requirements of smelting nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel. Wherein, the proper laterite nickel ore components can be selected, or the laterite nickel ore is mixed to the proper components, or the single laterite nickel ore is adopted. The selected laterite-nickel ore is dried and dehydrated by using smoke of a rotary kiln or a high-temperature furnace, so that the water content of the laterite-nickel ore is 5% -20%.
Step S2: and (3) directly and continuously adding the dried and dehydrated laterite-nickel ore into an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, mixing according to the water content of the stainless steel, and adding a solvent and a reducing agent. Wherein the addition amount of the reducing agent is 3-8% of the mass of the laterite-nickel ore. Wherein, the ingredients mainly comprise chromium ore to increase the chromium content in the molten iron containing nickel, the solvent mainly comprises quartz sand and calcium oxide, and the reducing agent mainly comprises one of anthracite, semi-coke, graphite powder and coke.
Step S3: the method comprises the following steps of directly spraying a mixture of stainless steel ash powder and carbon powder into a high-temperature smelting pool by using a three-channel spray gun, specifically, simultaneously spraying mixed powder, oxygen-enriched gas and fuel gas into a smelting pool of the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace by using three channels, controlling the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched gas, and completing the reduction of valuable metals to obtain ferronickel solution. Wherein, the liquid level of the molten pool in the furnace needs to submerge the spray gun, and the submerging depth is more than 80 mm. The positions among the plurality of three-channel spray guns are not particularly limited, and each three-channel spray gun is arranged in an inclined downward spraying mode, forms an angle alpha of 15-30 degrees downward with the horizontal direction and forms an angle of 10-30 degrees with the radial direction of the furnace body. The stokehole pressure of the oxygen-enriched gas is 0.2MPa to 0.6MPa, and the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched gas is 20 percent to 60 percent. In the embodiment, the metallurgical solid waste stainless steel fly ash is efficiently and environmentally utilized and mixed with carbon powder, and then the mixed powder is sprayed into a high-temperature molten pool by using a three-channel side-blowing spray gun to achieve rapid melting and complete reduction reaction, so that not only is valuable metal of the fly ash effectively utilized, but also toxic Cr is effectively avoided6+The harm of the dust and the secondary pollution of the dust to the environment.
Adjusting the oxygen-enriched concentration of the spray gun, controlling the smelting temperature to be 1400-1650 ℃, and controlling CaO/SiO in the slag20.8 to 1.8, Fe/SiO20.8-1.5 percent of MgO, 3-15 percent of MgO; according to the final smelting requirement of stainless steel, the selective reduction of valuable metals in the side-blown converter is completed by adjusting the oxygen-enriched concentration and the addition amount of a reducing agent, so that nickel, cobalt and chromium are completely reduced, iron is partially reduced, the requirement of controlling the grade of ferronickel is met, and the ferronickel is obtained from the smelting converterPeriodically discharging ferronickel at the bottom layer and slag at the upper layer, wherein the temperature of molten steel is 1450-1550 ℃. The invention utilizes various types of laterite-nickel ore to smelt medium and high-grade nickel-containing molten iron, and cooperatively treats the stainless steel dedusting ash to comprehensively recover valuable metals such as nickel, chromium, iron and the like in the slag. Compared with the traditional RKEF + AOD smelting stainless steel, the invention can utilize various types of laterite-nickel ore to produce nickel-containing molten iron, and controls the grade of ferronickel by side-blowing oxygen-enriched concentration, thereby effectively reducing the production energy consumption, reducing the production cost, improving the smelting efficiency, simplifying the production flow and having important economic and social benefits.
Step S4: sampling and analyzing the ferronickel melt smelted by the side-blown high-temperature furnace, transferring the ferronickel melt into an AOD refining furnace for oxygen blowing slagging smelting, completing decarburization and chromium protection, desulfurization and preliminary component regulation, and enabling the components and the temperature of the stainless steel melt to meet the control requirements by adding ferrochromium and ferromanganese. And further transferring the stainless steel melt smelted by the AOD into an LF refining furnace for deoxidation treatment, feeding a calcium-silicon wire for deoxidation, blowing argon for refining for 10-30 min, wherein the total oxygen content of the molten steel is required to be less than 40ppm and the sulfur content is required to be less than 0.02%, and finally transferring into a continuous casting process to obtain the nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel.
The laterite-nickel ore and metallurgical solid waste stainless steel dedusting ash are cooperatively treated, nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel is smelted, oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting technology is utilized for smelting, a mixture of dedusting ash powder and coal powder is directly blown into a melt through a spray gun, the stainless steel dedusting ash is rapidly melted and reduction reaction is completed, and finally environment-friendly, energy-saving and efficient treatment of harmful Cr-containing stainless steel dedusting ash is achieved6+The purpose of dust removal is achieved, and the recovery rate of valuable metal nickel and chromium is improved. This application mainly utilizes side-blown smelting furnace + AOD two to link the method and smelt festival nickel and contain manganese type austenitic stainless steel, and the slag that has avoided blast furnace, electric furnace to smelt laterite-nickel ore exists because of Cr2O3 and the slag that leads to is sticky, the poor problem of heat conductivity, has avoided the problem that furnace hearth molten iron temperature is low simultaneously.
The method can be suitable for various types of laterite-nickel ores, particularly low-nickel high-iron type laterite-nickel ores, the selective reduction of valuable metals is achieved by utilizing oxygen-enriched side-blown molten pool smelting, and the grade requirement of ferronickel is controlled according to stainless steel components.
The laterite-nickel ore is not limited by grade, the main component range is shown in table 1, the chemical components of the crude nickel iron produced by the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace are shown in table 2, and the main components of the produced nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel are shown in table 3.
TABLE 1 main chemical composition (wt%) of laterite-nickel ore
TABLE 2 crude Ferro-nickel chemical composition in wt%)
TABLE 3 chemical composition (wt%) of nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by a specific example below:
example 1
This example pre-produces a nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel having the main chemical composition shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Nickel-saving manganese-containing type austenitic stainless steel main chemical composition (wt%)
The specific production process comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the mixed laterite-nickel ore as a raw material, and drying the laterite-nickel ore by using smoke gas produced by a high-temperature furnace to reduce the water content of the laterite-nickel ore to be below 18%, wherein the components of the dried laterite-nickel ore are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 drying laterite nickel ore main component (wt%)
(2) And (2) mixing the dried laterite-nickel ore according to the smelting components of the stainless steel, adding a solvent and a reducing agent anthracite, and directly adding the mixture into an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace by using a belt conveyor, wherein the adding amount of the reducing agent anthracite is 6-8% of the mass of the laterite-nickel ore material. In the side-blown smelting process, the mixed powder of the fly ash and the carbon powder is blown into a high-temperature smelting pool by a spray gun, the oxygen-enriched concentration is 60 percent, the backpressure of the spray gun is 0.2 Mpa-0.35 Mpa, the smelting temperature is controlled at 1500-1550 ℃, and the solid-gas ratio of a central channel is 6; the mass flow ratio of the carbon powder of the central channel, the stainless steel dedusting ash and the oxygen-enriched gas of the first circular seam channel is 12: 100: 30. the side-blown converter discharge area is heated by the aid of electrodes, the electrode current is controlled to be 1.2KA, and the nickel-containing molten iron obtained after smelting has the components shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 molten iron containing nickel as a main component (wt%)
(3) And transferring the molten iron containing nickel to a conventional AOD furnace and an LF furnace for refining treatment to obtain the nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel. Specifically, the method may include: and transferring the molten iron containing nickel into an AOD refining furnace for oxygen blowing slagging smelting to complete decarburization and chromium protection, desulfurization and preliminary component regulation, and adding ferrochromium and ferromanganese to enable the components and the temperature of the molten stainless steel to meet the control requirements. And transferring the stainless steel melt smelted by the AOD into an LF refining furnace, carrying out deoxidation treatment, feeding a calcium-silicon wire for deoxidation, blowing argon for refining for 20min, and finally transferring into a continuous casting process to produce the nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel, wherein the total oxygen content of the molten steel is required to be less than 40ppm, and the sulfur content is required to be less than 0.02%.
In conclusion, the invention can be used for smelting medium-grade and high-grade ferronickel aiming at various types of laterite-nickel ores, and the oxygen-enriched concentration adjustment is mainly carried out through side-blown smelting to achieve the purpose of nickel, chromium and iron in the laterite-nickel oresAnd the like, so as to control the medium-grade and high-grade ferronickel. The laterite-nickel ore and metallurgical solid waste (stainless steel dust removal and acid pickling sludge) are cooperatively treated by utilizing an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting technology, the characteristics of low nickel and high chromium of the laterite-nickel ore on the surface layer can be effectively utilized, the formation of high melting point chromium oxidation in the smelting slag is reduced by combining valuable metals and sulfur elements in the metallurgical waste slag, the reduction of chromium oxide in the laterite-nickel ore is facilitated, the viscosity of the slag is reduced, the separation condition of the valuable metals and the slag is improved, the chromium grade and the recovery rate in a ferronickel product are finally improved, the smelting energy consumption is greatly reduced, the comprehensive recycling of metallurgical waste slag secondary resources is realized, the production cost is reduced, and the pollution problem of the metallurgical waste slag to the reduction is solved. Directly spraying fine stainless steel dedusting ash powder and carbon powder into a molten pool by using a side-blowing spray gun, and quickly melting the dedusting ash and completing quick reduction reaction of valuable metals nickel and chromium by using flame combustion and local high-temperature and high-carbon of a melt, so that the valuable metals in the dedusting ash enter a ferronickel solution, impurities enter furnace slag, and a medium-grade and high-grade ferronickel solution is provided for nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel smelting; the invention effectively solves the problem of containing virulent Cr6+The stainless steel dedusting ash is comprehensively utilized. The method utilizes the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting technology and AOD to generate the nickel-manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel, saves the processes of sintering, mixing and ball pressing in the traditional blast furnace smelting and electric furnace smelting processes, improves the smelting efficiency, simplifies the production process and reduces the production energy consumption.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims (10)
1. A method for treating laterite-nickel ore and stainless steel metallurgy waste with an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, characterized in that the method comprises:
adding the dried and dehydrated laterite-nickel ore into an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, and adding a reducing agent for smelting;
simultaneously spraying mixed powder, oxygen-enriched gas and fuel gas into a molten pool of the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace by using a spray gun, controlling the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched gas, and completing valuable metal reduction to obtain ferronickel molten liquid; wherein the mixed powder comprises stainless steel dedusting ash and carbon powder; the spray gun is of a multi-annular-slit type channel structure.
2. Method for treating lateritic nickel ores and stainless steel metallurgical wastes with an oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the method further comprises: and refining the ferronickel solution by adopting an AOD refining furnace and an LF refining furnace to produce the nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel.
3. Method for treating lateritic nickel ores and stainless steel metallurgical wastes with an oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that the method further comprises: designing the components of the molten stainless steel according to the component requirements of the nickel-saving manganese-containing austenitic stainless steel to be produced; and batching according to the components of the stainless steel melt, and adding the batching before smelting.
4. Method for treating lateritic nickel ores and stainless steel metallurgical wastes with an oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace according to any one of the claims 1 to 3,
the spray gun comprises from inside to outside in sequence: the central channel is used for blowing and spraying the mixed powder; the first annular seam channel is used for blowing oxygen-enriched gas; and a second annular gap channel for injecting fuel gas;
and an electrode auxiliary heating area is arranged in the discharge port area of the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace and is used for providing heat for the ferronickel melt.
5. The method for treating lateritic nickel ores and stainless steel metallurgical wastes with an oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace according to claim 4,
when the central channel is used for blowing the mixed powder, the solid-gas ratio in the central channel is 3-10; the granularity of the stainless steel dedusting ash in the mixed powder is less than 200 meshes;
the mass flow ratio of the carbon powder in the central channel, the stainless steel dedusting ash and the oxygen-enriched gas in the first circular seam channel is (8-20): 100: (20-40);
the mass flow ratio of the fuel gas in the second circular seam channel to the oxygen in the oxygen-enriched gas in the first circular seam channel is (1-3): 1.
6. The method for treating lateritic nickel ores and stainless steel metallurgical wastes with an oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the stokehole pressure of the oxygen-rich gas is 0.2MPa to 0.6MPa and the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-rich gas is 20% to 60%.
7. The method for treating the lateritic nickel ore and the stainless steel metallurgical waste with the oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lateritic nickel ore is dried and dehydrated with the smoke of a rotary kiln or a high temperature furnace so that the moisture content of the lateritic nickel ore after being dried and dehydrated is 5-20%.
8. The method for treating lateritic nickel ores and stainless steel metallurgical wastes with an oxygen-rich side-blown smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reducing agent is one of anthracite, semi-coke, graphite powder and coke; the addition amount of the reducing agent is 3-8% of the mass of the laterite-nickel ore.
9. The method for treating the metallurgical waste of laterite-nickel ore and stainless steel by using the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that during smelting, the smelting temperature is controlled to 1400 ℃ to 1650 ℃, and CaO/SiO in slag is controlled20.8 to 1.8, Fe/SiO20.8 to 1.5 percent of MgO, and 3 to 15 percent of MgO.
10. The method for treating the metallurgical waste of laterite-nickel ores and stainless steels by using the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the spray guns adopt an inclined downward blowing mode; the tail end of the spray gun is immersed into the molten pool, and the immersion depth is more than 80 mm.
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