CN117286349B - Method for smelting nickel-containing material to produce high-nickel matte - Google Patents
Method for smelting nickel-containing material to produce high-nickel matte Download PDFInfo
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- CN117286349B CN117286349B CN202311580340.1A CN202311580340A CN117286349B CN 117286349 B CN117286349 B CN 117286349B CN 202311580340 A CN202311580340 A CN 202311580340A CN 117286349 B CN117286349 B CN 117286349B
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 568
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 316
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 76
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L disodium;(2r)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].COC1=CC=CC(C[C@H](CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011504 laterite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 batteries Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium sulfide Chemical compound [Ca]=S JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical class [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for smelting and producing high nickel matte from nickel-containing materials, which comprises the following steps: step S1, pelletizing a mixture of nickel-containing materials and solid sulfur; step S2, after the pellets, the first flux and the first reducing agent are proportioned, bottom-blown smelting is carried out in a bottom-blown smelting furnace; s3, blending the smelting slag, the second flux, the second reducing agent and the vulcanizing agent, and then, diluting in a diluting furnace to obtain depleted slag, low-nickel matte and depleted flue gas; s4, when the nickel-containing material is ferronickel, tempering the nickel matte intermediate product in a holding furnace to form a high nickel matte product; when the nickel-containing material is laterite-nickel ore or a mixture of ferronickel and laterite-nickel ore, the nickel matte intermediate product and the low nickel matte are blown in a PS converter. The method effectively solves the problems of high energy consumption, low safety, low nickel yield, complex vulcanizing agent adding system, difficult maintenance and the like in the method for preparing the high nickel matte in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nickel smelting, in particular to a method for producing high-nickel matte by smelting nickel-containing materials.
Background
Nickel is an important nonferrous metal element and is mainly used for producing products such as stainless steel, batteries, catalysts, high-temperature alloys and the like. The mineral resource types of nickel mainly include sulphide nickel ore and oxide nickel ore. In the nickel ore reserves all over the world, 30-40% of nickel sulfide ore and 60-70% of nickel oxide ore are used. Along with the reduction of nickel sulfide ore reserves worldwide, the development and utilization of nickel oxide ores mainly containing laterite nickel ores have gradually become a new trend of world nickel smelting development.
The smelting of laterite-nickel ore is mainly a pyrometallurgy process mainly comprising an RKEF process, the product is nickel-iron alloy, the nickel-iron alloy is mainly oriented to the field of stainless steel, and the product has single application. In recent years, with the expansion of laterite nickel mineral energy, the stainless steel field is in a state of surplus productivity, and the price of the nickel-iron alloy is greatly influenced. Meanwhile, along with the popularization of new energy electric vehicles in the global scope, the production of new energy battery materials is gradually focused, the profit of various nickel-containing battery materials is high, the industry prospect is wide, and the traditional nickel smelting enterprises are driven to gradually shift to the production direction of the front end raw material of the battery materials, namely the high nickel matte. In this context, the production of high nickel matte from nickel-iron alloys or directly from laterite-nickel ores is an important development. At present, the main technology for preparing the high-nickel matte by using the laterite-nickel ore is as follows:
(1) Rotary kiln-electric furnace method (RKEF)
The production flow of nickel matte produced by the rotary kiln-electric furnace method proposed by International nickel company (PT VALE) is as follows: the nickel oxide ore is dried and then is subjected to selective reduction by a rotary kiln to form reduced calcine, and molten sulfur is sprayed into the kiln tail to sulfide the reduced metallic nickel and iron, and then the reduced metallic nickel and iron are added into an electric furnace to be melted to produce low-nickel matte. The low-nickel matte produced by sulphide smelting of nickel oxide ore consists of nickel and iron sulfides, and the low-nickel matte is smelted againAnd adding the molten state into a converter for converting to produce the high-nickel matte. Indonesia shuttle Luo Ake smelter of International nickel company was built in 1977, the technology was used to vulcanize the reduced calcine with molten sulfur in a rotary kiln, and the low nickel matte was produced by melting in an electric furnace and then blown in a horizontal double converter to obtain high nickel matte. The plant-treated high-magnesium oxide ore comprises Ni 2.0wt%, co 0.05wt%, fe19wt%, and SiO 2 3wt% of MgO 21wt%. The final product was high nickel matte (Ni 78wt%, co 1wt%, fe 0.7wt%, S18-22 wt%). Another method for producing nickel matte by adopting a rotary kiln-electric furnace method is manufactured by Ehesmann company, and the production process is as follows: and (3) selectively reducing the ore by using a rotary kiln after drying, adding an electric furnace to melt to produce ferronickel, and allowing liquid ferronickel to enter a converter for vulcanization to produce high-nickel matte. The new kari dori doni An Bo smelter from ehman company uses this process to produce nickel matte, but the process yields are smaller (80 wt% nickel iron, 20wt% nickel matte).
(2) Blast furnace process
The first batch of factories are built in urales and put into production in 1933-1938. The method is mainly used for treating low-nickel laterite-nickel ore with nickel content of 1%, and nickel matte is obtained by smelting the agglomerate in a blast furnace. When using blast furnace, the laterite-nickel ore is blended with coke, limestone and other sulfur-containing materials such as pyrite, gypsum, etc. When the material composed of ore, coke, gypsum and limestone descends in the blast furnace, convection is formed with the ascending hot reducing gas, and then the material is heated, reduced and melted to produce nickel matte and slag, in the process, calcium sulfate in the gypsum is directly reduced into calcium sulfide, the calcium sulfide reacts with oxides of iron and nickel to produce nickel matte, and the calcium oxide enters slag. The nickel matte composition can be adjusted by the addition of gypsum and coke, the higher the sulfur and iron content in the nickel matte, the lower the nickel matte content, the lower the nickel matte grade, the lower the nickel content in the slag, but the higher the cost of subsequent converting iron removal. Therefore, the factors should be balanced to determine the optimal nickel matte grade. However, the method has the problems of poor labor conditions, low automation level, high energy consumption and the like.
(3) Van-Keff bath smelting process
The russia began 7 months 2004 with the technological development of the laterite-nickel ore smelting nickel matte of the Wallace process principle in the Nannula nickel factory. Smelting laterite-nickel ore in a Waniekov furnace is carried out by respectively carrying out melting and vulcanizing processes. The process is realized in a special double-zone Wallace furnace, wherein the added furnace burden is continuously melted in a first zone, and the oxide melt obtained in the first zone is subjected to reduction and vulcanization treatment in a second zone to generate nickel matte and waste slag. The process adopts a water cooling technology on a partition wall in a molten pool, which saves a large amount of refractory materials with little heat loss, but the method has the potential risks of water leakage and explosion.
(4) Side-blown submerged combustion molten pool smelting technique (Side-Submerged Combustion Smelting Process, SSC technique)
The side-blown submerged combustion molten pool smelting technology is one kind of reinforced molten pool smelting technology for treating non-heat material, and the side-blown spray gun sprays oxygen-enriched air and fuel (natural gas, producer gas, powdered coal) into the molten pool at subsonic speed to make the nickel-containing material, flux, etc. in the molten pool be soaked in the melt fast to complete physical and chemical reaction to produce low nickel matte and smelting slag. And discharging the low-nickel matte from a discharge port to be blown in a converter, and further removing iron to obtain the high-nickel matte product.
(5) Composite operation vulcanization converting technique
The composite operation vulcanization converting technology prepares the high nickel matte by periodical operation of ferronickel. The working period in the vulcanization converting furnace is divided into a vulcanizing period and a converting period, the ferronickel, quartz stone, coke and other ingredients are added into the furnace through a charging port, the ferronickel and liquid sulfur sprayed into a melt are subjected to vulcanization reaction, air is blown in, part of iron is oxidized and removed, the ferronickel and the added quartz stone are subjected to slagging, the coke is combusted to maintain the heat balance in the vulcanizing process, and the vulcanized slag produced in the vulcanizing period is discharged through a slag discharge port in stages. After the vulcanizing period is finished, air is blown into the melt to further oxidize and remove iron, slag is formed with the added quartz stone, after the blowing is finished, the blowing slag is left in the furnace to enter the next period of vulcanizing period operation, and the high nickel matte is drilled and discharged through a nickel matte port.
However, the method for preparing the high-nickel matte has the problems of high energy consumption, low safety, low nickel yield, complex vulcanizing agent adding system, difficult maintenance and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for smelting and producing high-nickel matte by using a nickel-containing material, so as to solve the problems of high energy consumption, low safety, low nickel yield, complex vulcanizing agent adding system, difficult maintenance and the like in the method for preparing the high-nickel matte in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for smelting and producing high nickel matte from a nickel-containing material, comprising the steps of: step S1, pelletizing a mixture of nickel-containing materials and solid sulfur to form pellets; wherein the nickel-containing material is nickel-iron alloy and/or laterite-nickel ore; step S2, after the pellets, the first flux and the first reducing agent are proportioned, bottom blowing smelting is carried out in a bottom blowing smelting furnace, and smelting slag, nickel matte intermediate products and smelting flue gas are obtained; s3, blending the smelting slag, the second flux, the second reducing agent and the vulcanizing agent, and then, diluting in a diluting furnace to obtain depleted slag, low-nickel matte and depleted flue gas; 30-40wt% of nickel in the low-nickel matte; s4, when the nickel-containing material is ferronickel, tempering the nickel matte intermediate product in a holding furnace to form a high nickel matte product, and returning at least part of low nickel matte to the step S2 for bottom blowing smelting; when the nickel-containing material is laterite nickel ore or a mixture of nickel-iron alloy and laterite nickel ore, converting the nickel matte intermediate product and the low nickel matte in a PS converter together to form a high nickel matte product, converting slag and converting smoke, and returning at least part of the converting slag to the step S3 to participate in the depletion process; wherein the nickel content in the high nickel matte product is 65-76wt%.
Further, the particle size of the pellets is 10-30 mm; preferably, the grain diameter of the ferronickel alloy is less than or equal to 3mm, and the grain diameter of the solid sulfur is less than or equal to 5mm; preferably, the physical water content of the laterite-nickel ore is less than or equal to 10wt%.
Further, in the pellets, the weight ratio of the nickel-containing material to the solid sulfur is 2-50:1; preferably, in step S1, the mixture of the nickel-containing material and the solid sulfur is pelletized by using a binder, wherein the binder is one or more of starch, dextrin, bentonite, sodium humate, sodium lignin sulfonate and sodium silicate, and the use amount of the binder is 1-25% of the weight of the nickel-containing material.
In the step S2, the bottom blowing smelting temperature is 1150-1300 ℃, and oxygen and/or air are blown into a molten pool by using a blowing unit arranged at the bottom of a bottom blowing smelting furnace to carry out the bottom blowing smelting process; preferably, the total injection speed of oxygen and/or air is 100-2000 Nm 3 /t。
Further, the first flux and the second flux are respectively and independently selected from one or more of quartz stone, limestone and dolomite, and/or the first reducing agent and the second reducing agent are respectively and independently selected from one or more of coal, coke, semi-coke, graphite powder, biomass carbon and other carbonaceous materials; and/or the sulfidizing agent is selected from one or more of pyrite, gypsum, nickel sulfide ore, and other sulfur-containing raw materials; the weight ratio of the pellets, the first flux and the first reducing agent is 100: (4-35): (2-30); the weight ratio of the smelting slag, the second flux, the second reducing agent and the vulcanizing agent is 100: (2-30): (2-10): (5-20).
Further, the nickel-containing material is a mixture of nickel-iron alloy and laterite-nickel ore.
Further, in step S3, the treatment temperature in the depletion process is 1250-1450 ℃, and the depletion furnace is an electric furnace, a side-blowing furnace, a bottom-blowing furnace or a composite furnace.
In the step S4, when the nickel-containing material is ferronickel, feeding the nickel matte intermediate product into a holding furnace, simultaneously blowing natural gas and first oxygen-containing gas into the holding furnace, and tempering at the temperature of 1200-1300 ℃; the first oxygen-containing gas is oxygen and/or air, and the total injection speed of the first oxygen-containing gas is 100-500 Nm 3 And the heat preservation furnace is a side blowing furnace, a bottom blowing furnace, a top blowing furnace or an electric furnace.
Further, in the step S4, when the nickel-containing material is laterite-nickel ore or a mixture of nickel-iron alloy and laterite-nickel ore, the nickel matte intermediate product and low nickel matte are fed into a PS converter together, and natural gas and second oxygen-containing gas are blown into the PS converter at the same time, and blowing is carried out at the temperature of 1200-1300 ℃; first, theThe second oxygen-containing gas is oxygen and/or air, and the total injection speed of the second oxygen-containing gas is 200-600 Nm 3 /t。
Further, the method further comprises: carrying out flue gas desulfurization treatment on smelting flue gas, depleted flue gas, optional converting flue gas and flue gas produced in an optional holding furnace respectively or together; preferably, the flue gas desulfurization treatment is performed by a gypsum method to obtain recovered gypsum, and the recovered gypsum is returned to the dilution furnace.
The method for producing the high-nickel matte by smelting the nickel-containing material can save an independent vulcanizing agent adding system, solve the problem of difficult maintenance of the vulcanizing agent adding system and reduce corresponding investment. Meanwhile, the invention can improve the utilization efficiency of sulfur, reduce the vulcanization reaction time and ensure higher nickel yield. And because the process has good furnace burden adaptability, under the condition of matching multiple materials, the process is beneficial to improving the service life of the furnace and improving the flexibility of production organization. In a word, the method for preparing the high-nickel matte in the prior art effectively solves the problems of high energy consumption, low safety, low nickel yield, complex vulcanizing agent adding system, difficult maintenance and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for smelting nickel-containing material to produce high nickel matte in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; and
fig. 2 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for smelting high nickel matte from a nickel containing material according to another embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
As described in the background section of the invention, the method for preparing the high nickel matte in the prior art has the problems of high energy consumption, low safety, low nickel yield, complex vulcanizing agent adding system, difficult maintenance and the like. In order to solve the problem, the invention starts from the type of vulcanizing agent, the adding mode, the smelting mode and the like, and provides a method for smelting and producing high-nickel matte from nickel-containing materials.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method for smelting and producing high nickel matte from a nickel-containing material according to the present invention comprises the steps of:
step S1, pelletizing a mixture of nickel-containing materials and solid sulfur to form pellets; wherein the nickel-containing material is nickel-iron alloy and/or laterite-nickel ore;
step S2, after the pellets, the first flux and the first reducing agent are proportioned, bottom blowing smelting is carried out in a bottom blowing smelting furnace, and smelting slag, nickel matte intermediate products and smelting flue gas are obtained;
s3, blending the smelting slag, the second flux, the second reducing agent and the vulcanizing agent, and then, diluting in a diluting furnace to obtain depleted slag, low-nickel matte and depleted flue gas; 30-40wt% of nickel in the low-nickel matte;
step S4, as shown in FIG. 1, when the nickel-containing material is ferronickel, tempering the nickel matte intermediate product in a holding furnace to form a high nickel matte product, and returning at least part of low nickel matte to the step S2 for bottom blowing smelting; when the nickel-containing material is laterite-nickel ore or a mixture of nickel-iron alloy and laterite-nickel ore, as shown in fig. 2, converting the nickel matte intermediate product and the low nickel matte in a PS converter together to form a high nickel matte product, converting slag and converting flue gas, and returning at least part of the converting slag to step S3 to participate in the depletion process; wherein the nickel content in the high nickel matte product is 65-76wt%.
Unlike available technology, the present invention uses solid sulfur as vulcanizing agent and nickel-containing material (ferronickel and/or laterite-nickel ore) to produce ball, and the ball is smelted under the action of the first flux and the first reductant. On one hand, the pelletizing mode can save a blowing system required by adding liquid sulfur or powder sulfur in the smelting process, solve the problem of difficult maintenance of the blowing system and reduce corresponding investment; on the other hand, the contact area and the contact time of sulfur and the nickel-containing material can be effectively increased, and the reaction efficiency is improved, so that the effects of improving the utilization efficiency of sulfur and reducing the vulcanization reaction time are achieved, and the nickel yield is ensured. In addition, the invention adopts a bottom blowing smelting mode, and the bottom blowing smelting furnace has the advantages of simple equipment, easy maintenance, flexible operation and the like. The invention takes the bottom blowing smelting furnace as a smelting device, so that the investment can be saved, and the energy consumption can be reduced. And because the bottom blowing furnace has very high furnace burden adaptability, the bottom blowing furnace is particularly suitable for high-melting-point materials, such as: and the nickel matte or the alloy with insufficient sulfur content, and the like, so that the furnace life is favorably improved and the flexibility of the production organization is improved under the condition of matching various materials. In addition, the bottom blowing furnace is used as a smelting device, so that continuous feeding and continuous air supply operation can be realized, and the purpose of continuous production is finally achieved. After bottom blowing smelting, the invention further performs depletion treatment on the smelting slag to further recover nickel and obtain low nickel matte.
For different nickel-containing materials, the invention carries out different subsequent treatments on the nickel matte intermediate product obtained by smelting. When the nickel-containing material is only ferronickel, the nickel content in the nickel matte formed after bottom blowing smelting is higher, and the nickel matte is high nickel matte, and on the basis, the high nickel matte product can be obtained only after quenching and tempering (impurity removal) in the heat preservation furnace. When the nickel-containing material is laterite-nickel ore or a mixture of laterite-nickel ore and ferronickel alloy, the nickel matte intermediate product obtained by bottom blowing smelting is medium nickel matte, and the nickel content is relatively low, so that the nickel matte intermediate product is further blown in a PS converter to obtain a high nickel matte product. In addition, as the heat preservation furnace and the PS converter are both rotary furnace types, the heat preservation furnace and the PS converter can be flexibly configured and modified, so that different process conversion is realized, the adaptability to complex working conditions is improved, and the survivability of enterprises is improved.
According to the method provided by the invention, the following three working conditions can be adopted for different nickel-containing materials in the actual operation process:
working condition one: pellets obtained by pressing balls of ferronickel and solid sulfur are continuously added into a bottom blowing smelting furnace after being proportioned to carry out bottom blowing smelting reaction, thus obtaining nickel matte intermediate products (high nickel matte), smelting slag and smelting flue gas. The discharge of the nickel matte intermediate product and smelting slag can be flexibly organized according to the liquid level conditions of the matte layer and the slag layer. The nickel matte intermediate product is added into a holding furnace through a launder and granulated after simple component adjustment. After valuable metals are recovered in the dilution furnace, the slag is granulated and sold (low nickel matte), and part of slag can be returned to the bottom blowing smelting stage. And the smelting flue gas is discharged after reaching the standard through a flue gas treatment system.
Working condition II: the laterite nickel ore and solid sulfur are subjected to ball pressing to obtain pellets, and then are continuously added into a bottom blowing smelting furnace after being proportioned to carry out bottom blowing smelting reaction, so as to obtain nickel matte intermediate products (medium nickel matte), smelting slag and smelting flue gas. The discharge of the nickel matte intermediate product and smelting slag can be flexibly organized according to the liquid level conditions of the matte layer and the slag layer. And (5) leading the smelting slag to enter a depletion furnace for depletion to obtain low-nickel matte. The nickel matte intermediate product is preferably sent to the PS converter through a launder, the low nickel matte is preferably sent to the PS converter through a lifting and conveying device, and the low nickel matte are subjected to converting in the converting furnace to obtain high nickel matte, converting slag and converting smoke. And the smelting smoke and the converting smoke are discharged after reaching standards through a smoke treatment system. The blowing slag is preferably conveyed to the depletion furnace by lifting hot state to continue to participate in depletion, or can be added into the depletion furnace by a feeding system to continue to participate in depletion after being cooled and crushed. And carrying out sulfuration reduction reaction on materials such as smelting slag, blowing smelting slag, flux, reducing agent and the like in a depletion furnace to obtain low-nickel matte and depletion slag. The low-nickel matte is returned to the converting furnace for converting, and is preferably sold after being granulated with lean slag.
And (3) working condition III: the ferronickel, the laterite nickel ore and the solid sulfur are subjected to ball pressing to obtain pellets, and then are continuously added into a bottom blowing smelting furnace after being proportioned to carry out bottom blowing smelting reaction, so as to obtain nickel matte intermediate products (medium nickel matte), smelting slag and smelting flue gas. The discharge of the nickel matte intermediate product and smelting slag can be flexibly organized according to the liquid level conditions of the matte layer and the slag layer. And (5) leading the smelting slag to enter a depletion furnace for depletion to obtain low-nickel matte. The nickel matte intermediate product is preferably fed to the PS converter via launders and the low nickel matte is preferably fed to the PS converter via trolley. The high nickel matte, the converting slag and the converting smoke are obtained through converting. And the smelting smoke and the converting smoke are discharged after reaching standards through a smoke treatment system. The smelting slag is preferably discharged through launders into a slag-depleting furnace. The blown slag is preferably conveyed into the slag-depleting furnace by lifting and hot state, or is cooled and crushed and then is added into the slag-depleting furnace by a feeding system to continue to participate in depletion. And carrying out sulfuration reduction reaction on materials such as smelting slag, blowing smelting slag, flux, reducing agent and the like in a slag depletion furnace to obtain low-nickel matte and depleted slag. The low-nickel matte is returned to the converting furnace for converting, and the depleted slag is preferably granulated and then sold.
The Ni content in the ferronickel alloy is usually 5-40wt%, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
In order to further improve the bottom blowing smelting effect and improve the smelting efficiency and the nickel yield, in a preferred embodiment, the particle size of the pellets is 10-30 mm; preferably, the grain diameter of the ferronickel alloy is less than or equal to 3mm, and the grain diameter of the solid sulfur is less than or equal to 5mm; preferably, the physical water content of the laterite-nickel ore is less than or equal to 10wt%.
In a preferred embodiment, in the pellets, the weight ratio of the nickel-containing material to the solid sulfur is 20-50:1; the addition amount of the solid sulfur is controlled within the range, which is beneficial to further improving the vulcanization efficiency in bottom blowing smelting. In addition, in order to make the pellets more stable, preferably, in step S1, the mixture of the nickel-containing material and the solid sulfur is pelletized by using a binder, wherein the binder is one or more of starch, dextrin, bentonite, sodium humate, sodium lignin sulfonate and water glass, and the amount of the binder is 1-25% of the weight of the nickel-containing material. By adopting the binder and the dosage of the type, the pellets are more stable, the bottom blowing smelting process is more sufficient, and other impurities can not be introduced into the product.
As described above, the bottom-blown smelting is different from the side-blown smelting or the top-blown smelting, and has higher efficiency and flexible operation and strong adaptability. In order to further enhance the beneficial effects and improve the nickel yield, in a preferred embodiment, the bottom-blowing smelting temperature is 1150-1300 ℃, and oxygen and/or air are blown into a molten pool by a blowing unit arranged at the bottom of the bottom-blowing smelting furnace to perform the bottom-blowing smelting process; preferably, the total injection speed of oxygen and/or air is 100-2000 Nm 3 Materials containing nickel per t, more preferablyThe total blowing speed is 50-300 Nm 3 Preferably 100 to 200Nm, of a/t nickel-containing material 3 And/t a nickel-containing material. Oxygen-enriched air having an oxygen content of 21 to 80% by volume is preferably injected, and oxygen-enriched air having an oxygen content of 21 to 40% by volume is more preferably injected.
The above fluxes, reducing agents, etc. may be of the types commonly used in the art, but in order to further increase nickel yield and ensure treatment efficiency, in a preferred embodiment, the first and second fluxes are each independently selected from one or more of quartz stone, limestone and dolomite, and/or the first and second reducing agents are each independently selected from one or more of coal, coke, semi-coke, graphite powder, biomass carbon and other carbonaceous materials; and/or the sulfidizing agent is selected from one or more of pyrite, gypsum, nickel sulfide ore, and other sulfur-containing raw materials; and/or the weight ratio of the pellets, the first flux and the first reducing agent is 100: (4-35): (2-30); the weight ratio of the smelting slag, the second flux, the second reducing agent and the vulcanizing agent is 100: (2-30): (2-10): (5-20).
The method provided by the invention is suitable for different nickel-containing materials, and can be nickel-iron alloy and/or laterite-nickel ore, and only different nickel matte intermediate product treatment processes are needed. In a preferred embodiment, the nickel-containing material is a mixture of nickel-iron alloy and laterite-nickel ore. The two are mixed and treated, and the laterite-nickel ore can be utilized to contain MgO and Al 2 O 3 The high characteristic is favorable for forming high-melting slag, thereby being more favorable for the process to run smoothly and improving the service life of the furnace, and the weight ratio of the slag to the furnace can be arbitrary, preferably 100 (10-20).
In order to make the depletion treatment more sufficient and improve the nickel recovery effect, in a preferred embodiment, in the step S3, the treatment temperature in the depletion process is 1250-1450 ℃, and the depletion furnace is an electric furnace, a side-blowing furnace, a bottom-blowing furnace or a composite furnace.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step S4, when the nickel-containing material is a nickel-iron alloy, the nickel matte intermediate product is fed into a holding furnace while natural gas and a first oxygen-containing gas are injected into the holding furnace, at 1200Tempering at 1300 ℃; the first oxygen-containing gas is oxygen and/or air, and the total injection speed of the first oxygen-containing gas is 100-500 Nm 3 And the heat preservation furnace is a side blowing furnace, a bottom blowing furnace, a top blowing furnace or an electric furnace. The adoption of the tempering condition is beneficial to better impurity removal.
For further converting the middle nickel matte and the low nickel matte, in order to further enhance the converting effect and improve the nickel yield, in a preferred embodiment, in step S4, when the nickel-containing material is laterite-nickel ore or a mixture of nickel-iron alloy and laterite-nickel ore, the nickel matte intermediate product and the low nickel matte are fed into the PS converter together, and simultaneously natural gas and second oxygen-containing gas are blown into the PS converter, and the converting is performed at a temperature of 1200-1300 ℃; the second oxygen-containing gas is oxygen and/or air, and the total injection speed of the first oxygen-containing gas is 200-600 Nm 3 And the PS converter is a side-blown furnace, a bottom-blown furnace, a top-blown furnace or an electric furnace. More preferably, when the nickel-bearing material is laterite-nickel ore, or a mixture of nickel-iron alloy and laterite-nickel ore, a return charge such as smoke dust, launder crust, metallurgical cladding, etc. is also added to the smelting process.
The flue gas produced in each step can be treated, such as dust removal, desulfurization, etc., and preferably, the method further comprises: carrying out flue gas desulfurization treatment on smelting flue gas, depleted flue gas, optional converting flue gas and flue gas produced in an optional holding furnace respectively or together; preferably, the flue gas desulfurization treatment is performed by a gypsum method to obtain recovered gypsum, and the recovered gypsum is returned to the dilution furnace as a vulcanizing agent.
The present application is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.
Example 1
Adding nickel-iron alloy (particle size is less than or equal to 3mm, nickel content is 20-30wt%), solid sulfur (particle size is less than or equal to 5 mm) and a binder (composite binder of bentonite, sodium humate and sodium lignin sulfonate 8:1:1) into a pelletizer according to a weight ratio of 100:10:5, and pelletizing to obtain pellets with particle size of 10-30 mm. The weight ratio of the pellets to the flux quartz stone to the reductant anthracite is 100:8After 10 batch materials are mixed, the mixture is continuously added into a bottom blowing smelting furnace through a feeding system to carry out continuous bottom blowing smelting reaction (the smelting temperature is 1350 ℃, bottom blowing gas is mixed gas of oxygen and air, the concentration of the oxygen is 40 percent, and the total gas injection amount is 200 Nm) 3 And/t nickel-iron alloy) to obtain nickel matte intermediate products (high nickel matte, 65-72 wt% of nickel, 3-5 wt% of iron, 18-20 wt% of sulfur, smelting slag and smelting flue gas. The discharge of the nickel matte intermediate product and smelting slag can be flexibly organized according to the liquid level conditions of the matte layer and the slag layer.
Mixing smelting slag, flux quartz stone, reductant anthracite and vulcanizing agent pyrite according to a weight ratio of 100:20:8:8, and then entering a slag depletion electric furnace for depletion treatment at 1400 ℃ to obtain low nickel matte (containing 20-25 wt% of nickel, 42-47 wt% of iron, 20-23 wt% of sulfur), depletion slag and depletion flue gas. The low nickel matte is partially granulated and sold and partially returned to the bottom-blown smelting stage.
The nickel matte intermediate product was fed into a holding furnace through a launder while natural gas was blown into it and a mixed gas of oxygen and air was blown (total oxygen volume content 40%, total blowing amount 400 Nm) 3 The treatment temperature of the intermediate product of the/t nickel matte is 1300 ℃, and the intermediate product of the/t nickel matte is subjected to quenching and tempering and then is granulated to form the final high nickel matte product (72-76 wt% of nickel, 1-3 wt% of iron and 18-21 wt% of sulfur). The total yield of nickel is more than 95%.
And the smelting flue gas, the depleted flue gas and the conditioned flue gas are discharged after reaching standards through a flue gas treatment system.
Example 2
Laterite nickel ore (physical water is less than or equal to 10wt%), solid sulfur (particle size is less than or equal to 5 mm) and a binder (bentonite, sodium humate and sodium lignin sulfonate are combined in a weight ratio of 100:5:20) are added into a pelletizer, and pellets with particle size of 10-30 mm are obtained through pelleting. The pellets, the flux quartz stone and the reductant anthracite are continuously added into a bottom blowing smelting furnace through a feeding system for continuous bottom blowing smelting reaction after being proportioned according to the weight ratio of 100:30:10 (the smelting temperature is 1300 ℃, the bottom blowing gas is mixed gas of oxygen and air, the mentioned concentration in the oxygen is 25 percent, and the blowing quantity is 100 Nm) 3 A/t nickel-containing material),obtaining nickel matte intermediate products (medium nickel matte, 48-55 wt% of nickel, 35-42 wt% of iron, 12-16 wt% of sulfur), smelting slag and smelting flue gas. The discharge of the nickel matte intermediate product and smelting slag can be flexibly organized according to the liquid level conditions of the matte layer and the slag layer.
The smelting slag is discharged into a slag depletion furnace through a launder, the smelting slag, flux quartz stone, reductant anthracite and sulfidizing agent pyrite are subjected to depletion treatment in a slag depletion electric furnace according to the weight ratio of 100:2:10:20, and the treatment temperature is 1450 ℃, so that low-nickel matte (containing 20-26 wt% of nickel, 40-45 wt% of iron and 20-25 wt% of sulfur), depletion slag and depletion smoke are obtained. Granulating lean slag and then selling.
The nickel matte intermediate product is sent to a PS converter through a launder, the low nickel matte is sent to the PS converter through a lifting and conveying device, and natural gas is blown into the PS converter at the same time, and mixed gas of oxygen and air (the total volume content of the oxygen is 40 percent, and the blowing amount is 600 Nm) 3 And (3) converting to obtain a high nickel matte product (70-74 wt% of nickel, 2-4 wt% of iron, 19-22 wt% of sulfur), converting slag and converting smoke. The total yield of nickel is more than 95%.
The smelting flue gas, the converting flue gas and the depleted flue gas are discharged after reaching standards through a flue gas treatment system, and sulfur in the flue gas returns to the slag depleted furnace in a gypsum mode for reuse.
Example 3
The nickel-containing material (nickel-iron alloy (particle size is less than or equal to 3 mm) and laterite-nickel ore (physical water is less than or equal to 10 wt%) are added into a pelletizer according to the weight ratio of 100:20:1, and pellets with the particle size of 10-30 mm are obtained through pelleting, wherein the weight ratio of the nickel-iron alloy (particle size is less than or equal to 3 mm) to the laterite-nickel ore (physical water is less than or equal to 10 wt%) is 100:20), the solid sulfur (particle size is less than or equal to 5 mm) and the binder (the composite binder of bentonite, sodium humate and sodium lignin sulfonate is 8:1:1). The pellets, the flux quartz stone and the reductant anthracite are continuously added into a bottom blowing smelting furnace through a feeding system for continuous bottom blowing smelting reaction after being proportioned according to the weight ratio of 100:35:2 (the smelting temperature is 1300 ℃, the bottom blowing gas is mixed gas of oxygen and air, the mentioned concentration in the oxygen is 40 percent, and the blowing quantity is 100 Nm) 3 And (t) obtaining nickel matte intermediate products (containing 35-46 wt% of nickel, 47-55 wt% of iron, 12-18 wt% of sulfur, smelting slag and smelting flue gas). The discharge of the nickel matte intermediate product and smelting slag can be flexibly organized according to the liquid level conditions of the matte layer and the slag layer.
The smelting slag is discharged into a slag depletion furnace through a launder, the smelting slag, flux quartz stone, reductant anthracite and sulfidizing agent pyrite are depleted in a slag depletion electric furnace according to the weight ratio of 100:2:2:5, and the treatment temperature is 1250 ℃, so that low nickel matte (containing 26-30 wt% of nickel, 40-45 wt% of iron and 22-25 wt% of sulfur) is obtained, and depleted slag and depleted flue gas are obtained. Granulating lean slag and then selling.
The nickel matte intermediate product is sent to a PS converter through a launder, the low nickel matte is sent to the PS converter through a lifting and conveying device, and natural gas is blown into the PS converter at the same time, and mixed gas of oxygen and air (the total volume content of the oxygen is 40 percent, and the blowing amount is 300 Nm) 3 And (3) converting to obtain a high nickel matte product (71-75wt% of nickel, 1-3wt% of iron, 20-22wt% of sulfur) through converting, and converting slag and converting smoke. The total yield of nickel is more than 97%.
The smelting flue gas, the converting flue gas and the depleted flue gas are discharged after reaching standards through a flue gas treatment system, and sulfur in the flue gas returns to the slag depleted furnace in a gypsum mode for reuse.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for smelting and producing the high-nickel matte from the nickel-containing material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, pelletizing a mixture of nickel-containing materials and solid sulfur to form pellets; wherein the nickel-containing material is nickel-iron alloy and/or laterite-nickel ore;
step S2, after the pellets, the first flux and the first reducing agent are proportioned, bottom blowing smelting is carried out in a bottom blowing smelting furnace, and smelting slag, nickel matte intermediate products and smelting flue gas are obtained;
s3, mixing the smelting slag, the second flux, the second reducing agent and the vulcanizing agent, and then, diluting in a dilution furnace to obtain lean slag, low-nickel matte and lean flue gas; 30-40wt% of nickel in the low-nickel matte;
s4, when the nickel-containing material is the ferronickel alloy, tempering the nickel matte intermediate product in a holding furnace to form a high nickel matte product, and returning at least part of the low nickel matte to the step S2 for bottom blowing smelting; when the nickel-containing material is the laterite-nickel ore or the mixture of the nickel-iron alloy and the laterite-nickel ore, converting the nickel matte intermediate product and the low nickel matte in a PS converter together to form a high nickel matte product, converting slag and converting smoke, and returning at least part of the converting slag to the step S3 to participate in the depletion process; wherein the nickel content in the high nickel matte product is 65-76wt%;
wherein, in the step S4,
when the nickel-containing material is the ferronickel alloy, feeding the nickel matte intermediate product into the heat preservation furnace, simultaneously blowing natural gas and first oxygen-containing gas into the heat preservation furnace, and carrying out tempering at the temperature of 1200-1300 ℃; the first oxygen-containing gas is oxygen and/or air, and the total injection speed of the first oxygen-containing gas is 100-500 Nm 3 The heat preservation furnace is a side blowing furnace, a bottom blowing furnace, a top blowing furnace or an electric furnace;
when the nickel-containing material is the laterite-nickel ore or the mixture of the nickel-iron alloy and the laterite-nickel ore, the nickel matte intermediate product and the low nickel matte are fed into the PS converter together, and natural gas and second oxygen-containing gas are blown into the PS converter at the same time, and the blowing is performed at the temperature of 1200-1300 ℃; the second oxygen-containing gas is oxygen and/or air, and the total injection speed of the second oxygen-containing gas is 200-600 Nm 3 /t。
2. The method for producing high nickel matte by smelting nickel-containing materials according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the pellets is 10-30 mm;
and/or the particle size of the nickel-iron alloy is less than or equal to 3mm, and the particle size of the solid sulfur is less than or equal to 5mm;
and/or the physical water content of the laterite-nickel ore is less than or equal to 10wt%.
3. The method for producing high nickel matte by smelting nickel-containing materials according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the nickel-containing materials to the solid sulfur in the pellets is 2-50:1;
in the step S1, the mixture of the nickel-containing material and the solid sulfur is pelletized by using a binder, wherein the binder is one or more of starch, dextrin, bentonite, sodium humate, sodium lignin sulfonate and sodium silicate, and the use amount of the binder is 1-25% of the weight of the nickel-containing material.
4. The method for producing high nickel matte by smelting nickel-containing materials according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step S2, the bottom-blown smelting temperature is 1150-1300 ℃, and oxygen and/or air are blown into a molten pool by a blowing unit arranged at the bottom of the bottom-blown smelting furnace to perform the bottom-blown smelting process;
the total injection speed of the oxygen and/or the air is 100-2000 Nm 3 /t。
5. The method for producing high nickel matte by smelting nickel-containing material according to claim 1, wherein,
the first flux and the second flux are respectively and independently selected from one or more of quartz stone, limestone and dolomite, and/or the first reducing agent and the second reducing agent are respectively and independently selected from one or more of coal, coke, semi-coke, graphite powder, biomass carbon and other carbonaceous materials; and/or the sulfidizing agent is selected from one or more of pyrite, gypsum, nickel sulfide ore, and other sulfur-containing raw materials;
the weight ratio of the pellets, the first flux and the first reducing agent is 100: (4-35): (2-30);
the weight ratio of the smelting slag to the second flux to the second reducing agent to the vulcanizing agent is 100: (2-30): (2-10): (5-20).
6. A method for smelting nickel-containing material to produce high nickel matte according to any of claims 1-3, wherein in step S3, the treatment temperature of the depletion process is 1250-1450 ℃, and the depletion furnace is an electric furnace, a side-blown furnace, a bottom-blown furnace or a composite furnace.
7. A method for smelting production of high nickel matte from a nickel containing material according to any of the claims 1-3, characterized in that the method further comprises: and carrying out flue gas desulfurization treatment on the smelting flue gas, the depleted flue gas, the converting flue gas and the flue gas produced in the holding furnace respectively or together.
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| CN115386738A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-25 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Method for producing high nickel matte by reduction, vulcanization and smelting of laterite-nickel ore |
| CN115852166A (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-03-28 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Method for oxygen-enriched smelting of metallized nickel matte from nickel concentrate |
| CN116635547A (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-08-22 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Method for integrally treating laterite-nickel ore through full chain |
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